必修5 Unit 1 Great Scientists Learning about Language & Using Language课件（46张）

Unit 1 Great scientists Period 2　Learning about Language & Using Language 课件（人教版必修5，课标通用）
Ⅰ.单词识记
1．________vt.to refuse to accept，believe in，or agree with
sth
2．________adj.hopeful and confident，and think about what
is good in a situation rather than what is bad
3．________vi.& vt.to turn around and round very quickly，or
to make sth do this
4．_________vt.to build sth such as a house,bridge,road,etc.
reject
positive
spin
construct
5．___________vt.& vi.to give money，help，ideas，etc.to sth
that a lot of other people are also involved in
6．__________ n．when someone or something changes position
or moves from one place to another
7．___________ adj.feeling or showing a lot of interest and
excitement about something
8．________ n．all space，including all the stars and planets
9．________ adj.careful to avoid danger or risks
10．_________ n．a small container filled with powder that
burns or explodes to produce color lights and noise in the sky
contribute
novement
enthusiastic　
universe　
cautious
firework
Ⅱ.短语天地
1．除……之外，此外____________
2．讲得通，有意义____________
3．向……走去，前进_________________
4．下定决心__________________
5．导致____________
6．____________come to an end
7．____________be strict with
8．____________at times
9．____________work on
10．_____________make room for
apart from
make sense
make one’s way to
make up one’s mind
lead to
结束
对……严格的
有时
从事于
为……腾地方
Ⅲ.句型搜索
1．Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the
other planets in the sky make sense.
[信息提取]　only＋介词短语/状语从句/副词放在句首时主
句用倒装语序。
[例句仿写]　我只有找到工作才能弄到足够的钱继续大学
的学业。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
________ ________ ________ ________ ________to
continue my studies at college.
Only if I get a job
Can I have enough money
2．He placed a fixed sun at the center of the solar system
with the planets going round it and only the moon still
going round the earth.
[信息提取]　with＋宾语＋宾补在句中作状语。宾补可
以是doing，to do，done，adj.，n.，adv.等。
[例句仿写]　随着经济的快速发展，我们国家将在国际
事务中发挥更积极的作用。
________ ________ ________ __________ ________，our
country will play a more active role in international
affairs.
With the economy developing quickly
3．Yet Copernicus' theory is now the basis on which all our
ideas of the universe are built.
[信息提取]　on which即“介词＋引导词”引导定语从句
时，介词的选择取决于先行词或从句中的动词搭配。
[例句仿写]　这就是他被抚养长大的那个村庄。
This is the village________ ________he was brought up.
in which
1．construction n. 构造、组成、创造；建筑；施工，建筑物
Work has been begun on the construction of the new airport.
新机场的修建已经开始。
The construction of a new theory is always hard work.
一个新理论的创立往往是件艰难的事情。
The governments in cities with large numbers of low?income
families should speed up the construction of low?rent housing.
有大量低收入家庭的城市政府部门应该加快廉租房的建设。
【归纳拓展】　
construct vt.　　　　　　　　建筑；建造；创建；组成
constructional adj. 建造的；构造的；建筑的
constructive adj. 建设性的；有助益的；积极的
constructor n. 建筑者；制造者
(be) under construction 正在建设中；在施工
be constructed of/out of/from sth 　　由……建成
【完成句子】
①The new railway is________ ____________(正在施工中)．
②What you said at the meeting is _____________(积极的)．
under construction
constructive
2．contribute vt.& vi.捐助(金钱、物品等)；贡献(时间、
精力等)
Most people contributed some money towards the new
church buildings.
大部分人都为教堂的新建筑捐了点钱。
While maintaining its national interest，China should
actively contribute to world peace and development.
在维护国家利益的同时，中国应积极地为世界和平和发展
作贡献。
His carelessness contributed to the accident.
他的粗心大意导致了这次事故。
A proper amount of exercise contributes to one's health.
适度运动有益于健康。
He contributed some articles to the newspaper.
他给报社投了几篇稿。
(1)contribute(sth)to/towards sth　捐献；贡献给……；
给……投稿
contribute to sth 有助于；促成；导致
(2)contribution n．[C] 贡献；捐款
make a contribution/contributions to... 为……作贡献
【图解助记】
【一言助记】　Many people contributed money to the poor
boy，which contributed to his returning to school.A writer
wrote a story about this and contributed it to a newspaper.
许多人给那个可怜的男孩捐款，使他得以重返校园。一位作家
写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它投稿到报社。
【比较网站】　contribute/devote
contribute 作不及物动词时后常接to，表示“有助于，导致”，to为介词，后接名词或动名词；contribute作及物动词时，意为“贡献出”，常用短语contribute sth to sth
devote 常作及物动词使用，表示“献身于某一事业或目标”，常用短语为devote oneself to...或be devoted to...
【完成句子】
①I will ________ my whole life to scientific research，and
_________ _______ the country where I was born and the
people who brought me up.
我将用我全部的生命从事科学研究，贡献给生育我养育我
的祖国和人民。
②Some Public Service Ads mainly aim to______ ____________
________ society.
一些公益广告的主要目的是为社会作贡献。
③Our teacher often tells us that taking exercise____________
________good health.
我们的老师经常告诉我们锻炼有助于身体健康。
devote
contribute to
make contributions
to
contributes
to
3．cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的
The manager was never cautious about other people’s
feelings.经理从来不留意别人的感情。
Tourists should be cautious when signing a contract with a
travel agency.游客与旅行社签合同时要谨慎。
She is very cautious of hurting his feelings.
她小心翼翼，免得伤害他的感情。
be cautious about (doing) sth　　对……小心谨慎
be cautious of 留心……，谨防……
caution n. 小心，谨慎
v. 警告，提醒
【比较网站】　careful/cautious
careful 意思是“小心的；仔细的”。表示很注意细节，行为小心以避免错误
cautious 意思是“十分小心的；谨慎的”，与careful意义相近，但它所表示的是所有方面都仔细考虑之后才采取行动，带有迟疑、提防等心理
【完成句子】
①I’ve always been very ________ ________ my address to
strangers.
我总是很小心，不轻易把我的地址给陌生人。
②She________ ________ ________ ________telling secrets.
她很谨慎，不会泄露秘密。
③The boss ________ ________ ________making promises.
老板对承诺持谨慎态度。
cautious about
is very cautious of
is cautious about
4．reject vt.拒绝；不接受(提议、建议等)；摒弃
I make it clear to him that I reject his proposal.
我清楚地告诉他，我拒绝了他的建议。
The patient’s body rejected the heart transplant.
病人的身体排斥移植的心脏。
He rejected changing his mind.
他拒绝改变主意。
【图解助记】
【比较网站】　reject/refuse
reject 表示拒不接受不适当、不满意或厌恶的东西，如建议、计划、礼物、求婚等，语气很强，有时还含有“抛弃；剔除”等意思，后面一般不接不定式
refuse 普通用语，指坚决、果断甚至是粗暴地对别人的要求、请求、引诱或帮助加以拒绝，后接名词、代词或不定式，主语是人或物
【完成句子】
①I’ve been ________ by all the universities I applied to.
所有我申请的大学都没有录取我。
②Iran still ________ admitting that it tries to make
nuclear weapons.
伊朗仍拒绝承认它在试图制造核武器。
【翻译句子】
③他不让我去那儿。
______________________________________________
rejected
rejects
He refused to let me go there.
The battle brought the war to an end.
这次战役结束了战争。
We want to put an end to discrimination.
我们要终结歧视。
They earn so little that they can’t make both ends meet.
他们赚钱很少，难以使收支相抵。
【翻译句子】
①许多家庭只能勉强维持生计。
________________________________________________
②你能不能别再说那种闲话？
________________________________________________
③政府将采取措施结束罢工。
_______________________________________________
_____________
Many families struggle to make both ends meet.
Can you put an end to that kind of gossip?
The government will take measures to bring the strike
to an end.
2．apart from 除去，除了
In the terrible earthquake，apart from the injuries to his
face and hands，he broke both legs.
在这场大地震中，他除了脸部和双手受伤以外，两条腿也
断了。
It’s a good piece of work，apart from a few slight faults.
除了一些小缺点之外，这不失为一件漂亮的工作。
Apart from the cost，it will take a lot of time.
除了费钱以外，还要花很多时间。
【温馨提示】　在以上三个例句中，第一、三句apart
from的用法分别相当于besides/in addition to，第二句其
用法相当于except for。此外，apart from还可表示“脱
离开”的意思。
There can be no knowledge apart from practice.
任何知识都不能脱离实践。
【比较网站】　besides/except/except for/except/that/apart
from/in addition/in addition to
(1)besides意为“除了……之外(还有)”，有肯定的附加意义。
表示在整体中加上一部分，除去的部分也包括在内。作副词
时，单独使用，等于in addition。作介词时后须跟宾语，等于
in addition to。
(2)except意为“除了……之外”，表示在整体中减去一部分，
除去的部分不包括在内。
(3)except for意为“除……之外”，用于引述细节以修正
和补充句子的主干部分。
(4)except that，后跟从句。
(5)apart from具有多重意思，根据不同语境，既可代替
besides，也可代替except或except for。
【句型转换】
①A. Although he made several mistakes，the composition
was well done on the whole.
B. ________ ________several mistakes he made，the
composition was well done on the whole.
Apart from
【完成句子】
②________ ________you，I had no one to talk to.
除了你，我再也没有可交谈的人了。
③________ ________ ________maths，she is good at
physics.除了数学外，她还擅长物理。
Apart from
In addition to
3．be strict with对……严格的
He is very strict with his students.
他对学生非常严格。
Mom and Dad were always very strict with us.
父母对我们总是严格要求。
be strict about　　　对某事很严格
be strict in 对某事严格要求(强调在做的事)
be strict with sb 对某人要求严格
【完成句子】
①I think you________ ________ ________ ________your
children.
我认为你对你的孩子要求太严了。
②Most schools________ ________ ________the way
students dress.
大多数学校对学生的着装有严格要求。
③Mr Green________ ________ ________ ________moral
education.
格林先生在道德教育方面很严格。
are too strict with
are strict about
is very strict in
4．lead to导致，通向
All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。
This will probably lead to trouble in the future.
这日后将可能导致麻烦。
What led you to believe I was not good at physics?
是什么使你相信我的物理不好？
There is no doubt that stress can lead to physical illness.
毫无疑问，压力会导致生理疾病。
The driver's carelessness led to his losing his life.
这位司机的粗心让他丢了性命。
【归纳拓展】　
(1)lead to sth/doing sth　　　导致某事/做某事
(2)lead sb to do sth 使某人做某事
lead a/an...life 过着……的生活
(3)be in/take the lead 领头；带头；居首位
常见的表示“导致，引起”的短语还有：
cause sth(to do)
result in
bring about
contribute to
【单项填空】
The path________the park is lined with many trees.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A．leading to B．led to
C．was leading to D．which leading to
解析　lead to导致；通向。leading to在此作定语。
答案　A
5．make sense讲得通;有意义(主语通常不是表示“人”的名词)
He doesn’t talk much，but what he says makes sense.
他话不多，但言之有理。
It makes sense to save money while you can.
钱能节省就节省，这很明智。
make no sense　　　　　　　 没有道理
make sense of 明白，理解
in a sense 从某种意义上说
There’s no sense in doing sth 做……是没有道理/作用的
sense of... ……感
【温馨提示】　make sense的主语常是“物”，而make
sense of的主语常是“人”。
【完成句子】
①This sentence________ ________ ________.
这个句子完全讲不通。
②I can’ t ________ ________ ________this poem，but
perhaps I will if I read it again.
我弄不懂这首诗的含义，但再读一遍我或许就能明白了。
③She has________ ________ ________ ________.
她没有时间观念。
makes no sense
make sense of
no sense of time
1．Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the
other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在
中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
only＋状语/状语从句放在句首时，句子要倒装。only if
意为“只有，只要”。
Only if a teacher gives permission is a student allowed to
enter the room.
只有得到老师的允许，学生才能进房间。
Only by shouting and waving his hands could he be noticed.
只有靠大声呼叫和摆手才能使人注意到他。
Only when he returned did we find out the truth.
只有他回来时我们才发现真相。
【温馨提示】　当only位于句首修饰主语时，句子不需要
倒装。
Only your teacher can help you.
只有你的老师能帮助你。
【比较网站】　if only/only if
(1)if only但愿……，要是……就好了，常引导含虚拟语气
的条件句或感叹句。
(2)only if只要……，only if本身不是一个固定词组。Only
是副词，用来修饰整个if从句。若用于句首，后接从句，
主句要部分倒装。
【翻译句子】
①只有用这种办法你才能改善你的发音。
________________________________________________
②只有到那时我才意识到我错了。
________________________________________________
③要是你听从了他的建议就好了。
________________________________________________
Only in this way can you improve your pronunciation.
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
If only you had followed his advice.
2．He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system
with the planets going round it and only the moon still
going round the earth.他把固定的太阳放在太阳系的中
心，别的行星都围绕太阳转动，只有月亮仍然围绕地球
转动。
with the planets going round it是with的复合结构，作伴
随状语。
with复合结构在句中作状语或定语，其宾语可以是名词
或代词，宾语补足语可以是介词、名词短语、过去分
词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词等。
(1)with＋名词(或代词)＋现在分词
With prices going up so fast，we can’t afford luxuries.
由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起奢侈品。
(2)with＋名词(或代词)＋过去分词
I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on
the ceiling.我在房间里坐了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花板。
(3)with＋名词(或代词)＋不定式
With so much work to do，I have no time for a holiday.
因为有很多工作要做，我没有时间度假。
(4)with＋名词(或代词)＋形容词
He is used to sleeping with the windows open.
他习惯开着窗子睡觉。
(5)with＋名词(或代词)＋介语短语
He walked into the dark street with a stick in his hand.
他手里拿着拐杖走进黑暗的大街。
(6)with＋名词(或代词)＋副词
She left the room with all the lights on.
她离开了房间，所有的灯都亮着。
【温馨提示】　
在此复合结构中，可将with改为without。若宾补和宾语
之间是主动关系，用现在分词，若是被动关系，则用过
去分词，若表将来含义，则用不定式。
【完成句子】
①I can’t go out ________ ________ ________ ________
________ ________.
我不能丢下这些要洗的碟子就出去。
②All the afternoon he worked ________ ________ ________
________.
整个下午他都锁着门工作。
③We live in a house ________ ________ ________ ________
________.
我们住在一所周围有很多花的房子里。
with all these dishes
to wash
with the door
locked
with many flowers around
it
3．Yet Copernicus' theory is now the basis on which all our
ideas of the universe are built.然而哥白尼的理论现在是所
有有关宇宙建立思想的基础。
on which引导的从句是定语从句，修饰先行词the basis。
该从句使用了build sth on the basis of这一短语。
“介词＋引导词”引导定语从句时，介词的选择要观察
该介词与先行词之间是否存在正确的介宾搭配关系，因为
引导词代替的就是先行词。
I’ll never forget the day on which we first met.
我忘不了我们第一次见面的那一天。(on the day)
I don’t believe the reason for which he was late.
我不相信他迟到的原因。(for the reason)
【归纳拓展】　
当先行词是人的时候，可用“介词+whom（不用who）”引导定语从句
This is the girl with whom I share the same room.
这就是和我共住一个房间的那位姑娘。
【温馨提示】　
“介词＋引导词”引导定语从句时，介词之后的引导词不
用that和who。
【完成句子】
①This is the man ________ ________ we talked.
②This is the room ________ ________ Lu Xun lived.
to whom
in which