中考英语专项系列--完型填空概述和解题思路

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台


中考完形填空概述和解题技巧

完型填空（语法填空）所考察的能力：

实词词义运用能力，重点考察动词和名词，形容词和副词考察相对较少，其他稍有涉及。
语篇翻译能力，完型要取得高分必须对文章进行整篇翻译。
逻辑推理能力，根据文章的上下文逻辑进行合理推理，而并非靠感觉做题。

完型填空做题误区：

凭经验，想当然：根据自己的常识而不根据文章做题。
靠语感；感觉读的爽的就选，不考虑文章。
选生不选熟；遇到模棱两可的选项，果断选不认识的选项。

完型填空解题步骤：

1.两遍法：第一遍完成容易的选项，不要纠结较难选项；第二遍带着已选答案完成剩余选项。
2.反问法：不断问自己，为什么选此选项，其他为什么不对，依据在哪。
3.排除法：遇到不认识的词汇，先排除熟悉的词汇，提高正确率！

完形填空解题技巧：

重视首句：
完形填空的首句永远不会设空，通过首句可大致推测出下文的内容。
例：I am not a brave girl, and even a little mouse scares(惊吓) me.?_31_?I’ve been crazy about bungee jumping(蹦极).
通过首句可初步推测下文会讲述参加蹦极的故事。

二、重视文章中表各种关系的连词和副词：
转折（but,however,though,although,instead等)
并列 (and, or, not only...but also, both...and, either...or, neither...nor，also等）
因果（because, because of, so, so that, so...that等)
条件（if, unless, only if等）
转折连词前后的内容是相反，并列连词前后是并列或者递进关系，因果和条件则会通过前文或者
前文互相推断。
(例一)、The guide led me through a gate, asked me to sit in a special seat and tied my ____
and ankles(踝) well。
A. legs???????????????????????????B. ears?????????????????????????C. eyes
能和脚踝绑在一起的只能是A。
（例二）The workers looked at me and couldn’t help laughing. At last it was time to go. So I jumped as ____ forward as I could.
A. close?????????????????????????B. far???????????????????????????C. short
前文提到工人们禁不住嘲笑，所以我尽量跳得远，选B。

三、分词性逐个击破

名词解决方案：

1.带有褒贬色彩的名词：如happiness, fear，success, failure等，做题时重点注意前后两句中的形容词和副词，因为形容词和副词是主要反映情感的。
例：“Oh, my God!” My wife rushed in angrily. I looked at my son, and his small face was filled with 38 .
A. happiness B. hope C. fear
前文的angrily可以推测孩子很害怕，选C。

2.中性名词：如：teacher, water, bus等无任何褒贬色彩。会通过以下方式进行考察：
上下文重复：当所考察的名词前有this/that/these/those/the等限定词时，此名词一般可以从前后文中找到原词或者同义或者概念替换的名词。
例：I’ve been crazy about bungee jumping(蹦极). One day, I found a good place for this exciting __32__in Thailand by surfing the Internet. I packed my bag and flew there. However, I had no idea how to get to the address listed on the__33__.
32. A. task???????????????????????????B. sport????????????????????????C. subject
33. A. magazine??????????????????B. newspaper????????????????C. website
32空，前文提到蹦极，空前有this修饰，则可判断为运动，选B。前文提到在上网，则可判断33空为网站，选C。

3.动词、名词决定名词：如果上下文没有相应的重复，则重点依据本句和前后1-2句中的名词和动词来进行推断：
例1：I took out a 41 . “You see, Dad is a magician, I can change it into a big tree.”
His mother soon helped paint some butterflies and flowers on the wall.
A. drum B. brush C. Clock
根据下文的paint可推测上文是B。

例2：For the next three 36 he worked every day after finishing his homework.
36．A．months B．minutes C．seconds
后文提到每天，则只能选择A。

动词解决方案：

动词决定动词：记叙文题材故事多数以时间顺序进行叙述，在很多情况下动词与前后的动词之间存在着顺序关系，即动词的词性一致性。
例1： I 39 and held his hand, “Take it easy,...”.
39.A. cried B. smiled C. shouted
后文提到握住他的手，前文一定是好的动作，选B。
例2：He continued, “I believe I can always 45 ways to solve the problems.”
A.put out B. hand out C. find out
后文提到“解决问题”，那么前文一定是“找到方法”，选C。
2. 名词决定动词：动词可以决定名词，反之亦然，可以通过紧接动词的名词和上下句中的名词进行推理。
例1：Then we __34__ to the bungee jumping place. I was amazed by the sights along the road through the window of the car.
A. walked??????????????????????B. ran??????????????????????????C. drove
后文提到car，前文一定是drive,选C。

例2：I quickly signed an agreement which said I I might die, and__35__ a harness(安全带).
A. put out??????????????????B. put on??????????????????????C. put off
系上安全带，选B。
3. 介词和副词决定动词：此类题目考察的是学生对动介搭配，和后面副词限定的掌握，此类考察较少。
例1：As soon as I stood up and felt my ankles __37__ together, I got scared,
A. tied???????????????????????????B. divided????????????????????C. spread
能和together搭配的只有A。
例2：He rode home proudly, looking forward to 39 his new bicycle to his friends.
39．A．borrowing B．showing C．asking
能和to搭配的动词只有show.

形容词和副词解决方案：

形容词和副词，一般具有褒贬性，主要修饰反应名词的状况，与其他修饰此名词有一致性，注意并列结构。同时应关注此名词所作出的动作，动作反应态度。
例1：I spread my arms wide, laughing loudly and 40__. The workers pulled me up, smiling at me.
A. sadly????????????????????????B. angrily????????????????????????????C. proudly???
并列结构，前文是好的，后面也是好的，选C。
例2：such as his toys, books and clothes, 37 , his little hand knocked over（打翻）a bottle of paint on the shelf.
37. A. Suddenly B. Luckily C. Gladly
后文提到“打翻...”，前文的副词一定不好，所以选A。

其他词性解决方案：
1.加强自身代词练习
2. 熟练掌握各种从属连词和并列连词
3.掌握一些时间副词：never, ever, seldom, often, already, sometimes, usually, yet, just等。
4. 积累动介短语的辨析：
Take off（起飞，脱下）/ away（拿走）/ out（拿出）/down(写下）
Put off (推迟）/away(收起）/out(扑灭）/ on(穿上）/up(举起、张贴）
Turn off(关掉）/out(结果是）/on(打开）/up（出现）/down(调低）
Give up(放弃）/in(屈服）/out (分发，散发）/away (分发，送人）
Die of(死于病）/from(死于事）/ out (灭绝）/away (减弱）
Break off(中断）/down(坏掉）/out（爆发）/in(打断谈话）/into(闯入）


【2018年北京卷】
Real Solutions（解决方法） to Problems
Thirty engineers were working as a team in a company. They were young and eager to learn. The management decided to teach them about finding real solutions to problems
One day, the team was called for a 13 in a hall. They were quite surprised and all reached the hall holding various 14 . As they entered, they found a box placed in the center, full of flat balloons
The manager asked everyone to pick a balloon and blow it up. Then they were asked to write their names on their respective(各自的)balloons 15 so that the balloons wouldn’t blow out. All tried, but not everyone was 16 . Five balloons blew out due to pressure（压力）.
Those who failed to mark their names on the balloons were 17 out of the game. As a result, 25 engineers came to the next level. All the balloons carrying their names were 18 and then put into a room, here and there.
The engineers were told to pick the balloon with his or her name on, All the 25 engineers began to search for the respective balloons in a rush. It was almost 15 minutes but no one was able to 19 the right one. The second level of the game was over.
Then came the final level. the engineers were asked to pick any balloon and give it to person named on the balloon. Within a couple of minutes, all balloons 20 the hands of the respective engineers.
The manager announced this was the real solution to the problem. Many times in our life,sharing and helping others give us real solutions to problems.

13. A.game B.show C.concert D.party
14. A.purposes B.suggestions C.thoughts D.plans
15.. A.quietly B.carefully C.secretly D.clearly
16. A.honest B.ready C.patient D.successful
17. A.checked B.helped C.ruled D.cleaned
18. A.collected B.weighed C.tied D.cleaned
19. A.mark B.hide C.number D.find
20. A.freed B.reached C.lifted D.hit



答案解析：
A. 名词，通过下文说的吹气球，课推断出为game. 在17空后也有重复。
C. 名词，通过surprised,他们感到惊讶，所以都带着各自的想法。
B. 副词，后文说以便球不会破，所以要非常小心。
D. 形容词，but表转折，所有人都尝试了，但是不是每个人都成功了。
C. 动词，失败的人是按照规则被清理出队伍，所以选rule.
A. 动词，后文提到被放进一个放进，前文一定是收集起来。
D. 动词，前文提到search，寻找，后文则表示不能找到。
B. 动词，球和手中间的搭配应该是球到了手上。球做主语，只能是B或者D。








































21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）



HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)