2019高考英语：独立主格结构与With复合结构精解与练习含答案
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2019高考英语：独立主格结构与With复合结构精解与练习含答案
独立主格结构与With复合结构
1、 The boy came running into the lecture hall, ____________.
A. his face was dirty and his clothes torn
B. his face dirty and his clothes torn
C. his face was dirty and his clothes were torn
D. his face dirty and his clothes were torn
2、 The girl in the photo was smiling sweetly , _____________.
A. her long hair flowed in the breeze.
B. her long hair was flowing in the breeze.
C. her long hair flow in the breeze.
D. her long hair flowing in the breeze.
3、_____ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.
A. Being no rain B. There was no rain
C. To be no rain D. There being no rain
4、 As is known to all, Montreal is the second largest French-speaking city in the world, ____.
A. Paris is the largest B. Paris being the largest
C. Paris to be the largest D. Paris be the largest
5、 She was shy and feeling pretty nervous, on such a big stage.
A. for the first time she was B. this being her first time
C. she was the first time D. being her first time
6、A discovery of new evidence led to ________.
A．the thief having caught B．catch the thief
C．the thief being caught D．the thief to be caught
7、 ______, we had to put off the tennis match.
A. It being rainy B. There being raining C. Having been raining D. Being rainy
8、Students are burdened with too much exercises, _______ their school grade.
A. aiming to improve B. aiming at improving
C. aimed to improve D. aimed to improving
9、 International communications have led to ____________.
A. using English widely. B. English having used widely.
C. English to be used widely. D. English being used widely.
10、 ____ the sun was rising in the east.
A. Arriving there B. We arriving there
C. Having arrived there D. We arrived there
11、_____ by Tom’s example to explore the North Pole in the Snow Dragon, Dick dreamed of ______ such a great chance for him.
A. To be inspired; there being B. Inspired; there was
C. Having inspired; there was D. Inspired; there being
12、 __________, his plan is better than yours.
A. With everything considered B. Having considered everything
C. To consider everything D. Being considered everything
13、 left before the deadline, it doesn’t seem likely that John will finish the work on time.
A. Though such a short time B. Because such a short time
C. With such a short time D. As such a short time
14、With time ____ by , they got to know each other better.
?? A. passes?? B. passing? ?? C. passed??? D. to be passed
15、 She stood there, ______ from her cheeks.
A. tears' rolling down B. tears rolled down
C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down
16、______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.
A. Other things being equal B. Were other things equal
B. To be equal to other things D. Other things to be equal
17、 All the tasks _ahead of time，they decided to go on holiday for a week.
A. had been finished B. were finished C. having been finished D. been finished
18、______，we managed to get out of the forest．（ ）
A．The guide led the way B．The guide leading the way
C．With the guide to lead the way D．Having led the way
19、With the financial crisis _______across the globe, a lot of companies have shut down and many people have been out of work.
A. to spread B. spreading C. being spread D. having spread
20、 ______, we will surely succeed.
A. The teacher helping us B. The teacher to help us
C. The teacher will help us D. With the teacher helping
21、In Alice Munro’s novel, Carla, trapped in a bad marriage, ______, decides to flee.
A. her unhappiness built into desperation
B. her unhappiness has built into desperation
C. her unhappiness building into desperation
D. her unhappiness builds into desperation
22、 _____, her suggestion is of greater value than yours.
A. All things considering B. All things considered
C. All things were considered D. With all things were considered
23、_____, John returned to school from his hometown.
A．The summer vacation being over B．The summer vacation is over
C．Because the summer vacation over D．After the summer vacation being over
24、All her time ________ experiments, she has no time for films.
A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing
25、The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ______ at the end of last March.
A. has been launched B. having been launched
C. being launched D. to be launched
26、____ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor's help to end her life.
A. Having given up hope of cure B. With no hope for cure
C. There being hope for cure D. In the hope of cure
27、 ____, the hunter went into the forest.
A. A gun on shoulder B. A gun was on his shoulder
C. Gun on shoulder D. A gun being on shoulder
28、With many major economic problems_______ to be addressed, there is no point _______ the growth rate of this year now.
A. remaining ; predicting B. remaining ; to predict
C. remained ; predicting D. remained ; to predict
29、 _____, I had to buy a new one.
A. My dictionary losing B. My dictionary having been lost
C. My dictionary had been lost D. Because my dictionary lost
30、 She stood there, _____ from her cheeks.
A. tears' rolling down B. tears rolled down
C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down
31、Everything ___, the house is pretty good and it is totally________ the price.
A. considered; worth B. considering; worthy
C. to consider; worthwhile D. taken consideration; worthwhile
32、_____ in an atmosphere of affection is what people wish for.
A. The orphans are educated B. The orphans’ being educated
C. The orphans educating D. The orphans to be educated.
33、 Having been praised by the teacher, the little girl ran back home,____.
A. happily and satisfied B. eager and excitedly
C. happy and satisfied D. anxiously and excitedly
34、We saw piles of goods containers lie on the port, away．
A．waited to be carried． B．to wait to carry
C．waiting to be carried D．and waited for carrying
35、 ____, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.
A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Time's permitting
36、Mr. Smith gave many thanks to those doctors, his son was saved successfully.
A. with his help B. with whose help
C. without whose help D. without his help
37、At the sight of the policeman, ___from behind the door.
A. did the boy rush out B. did he sit down
C. out rushed the boy D. rushing out was the boy
38、You can use a larger plastic bottle, ____ is cut off, ___ as a pot to grow flowers in.
A. of which the top; with it’stop B. whose top; with its top
C. whose top; the top of it D. the top of which; with it’s top
39、Thousands of citizens are walking down the street in celebration of the success, _______ a small flag.
A．each of them holding B．each of whom holding
C．each of them holds D．they each hold
40、______, the concert began.
A. The listeners having taken their seats B. Having taken their seats
C. Having taken their places D. Taking their seats
参考答案
1、B 2、 D 3、D. 4、B 5、B 6、C 7、A 8、C 9、D 10、B 11、D 12、A 13、C 14、C 15
16、A 17、C18、B 19、B20、B 21、C 22、B 23、A 24、B 25、B 26、B 27、C 28、A
29、B 30、D 31、A32、B33、C 34、C 35、C 36、B37、C 38、B39、A 40、A
独立主格结构与With复合结构考点梳理
一、With复合结构与独立主格结构
with复合结构与独立主格结构是英语中常见的两种。从某种意义上说，它们可以算作是非谓语动词用法的延伸。它们都可以在句子中作原因状语、伴随状状语、条件状语、时间状语或结果状语用，一般也可以相互转换。虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同，但其结构形式和名称却不相同。抓住这一点，就可以把二者融会贯通，从而在阅读中减少不必要的理解障碍。
With复合结构是独立主格结构中的一种，是一种特殊的独立主格结构。
with复合结构的模式是：with+名词/代词（宾语）【作逻辑主语】+形容词/
副词/介词短语/名词/v-ing现在分词/过去分词/不定式【作逻辑谓语】
独立主格结构的模式是：主格名词/代词【作逻辑主语】+非谓语动词分句（现
在分词、过去分词、不定式）或名词、形容词、副词、介词短语【作逻辑谓语】
二、With（without）复合结构与独立主格的相互转化
???with/without复合结构与独立主格结构在句子中作状语时，一般可相互转换；
此外还可以变为状语从句或并列句。
1）作时间状语
???With?winter?coming?on,?the?trees?turn?yellow????and?some?birds?fly?south.
=??Winter?coming?on,?the?trees?turn?yellow?and????some?birds?fly?south.
=??When?winter?comes?on,?the?trees??turn?yellow?and?some?birds?fly?south.?
２）作原因状语?
With?the?key??lost,?she?could?not?enter?the?room.????
?=???The?key?lost,?she?could?not?enter?the?room.????
?=???As/Because?the?key?had?been?lost,??she?could?not?enter?the?room.?
另：With?us?to?care?for?the?children?you?are?able?to?be?carefree?away?from
home.=We?to?care?for?the?children,?you?are?able?to?be?carefree?away?from?home.（注意此处的we?
不得改成us，用了us便不是独立主格结构了。）
3)作条件状语?
???With?time?permitting,?we`ll?visit?the?Summer?Palace.???
=??Time?permitting,?we`ll?visit?the?Summer?Palace.??
?=??If?time?permits,?we`ll?visit?the??Summer?Palace.?
4）作伴随状语?
???Here?are?the?first?three?volumes?with??the?fourth?one?to?come?out?next?month.??
=??Here?are?the?first?three?volumes,?the??fourth?one?to?come?out?next?month.??
=??Here?are?the?first?three?volumes?and?the?fourth?one?is?coming?out?next?month.
注：with和without复合结构可以作??后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结?构则不可作后置定语修饰名?词。
???Soon?she?arrived?at?a?park?with?grass?green?and?flowers?in?blossom.
=??Soon?she?arrived?at?a?park?whose??grass?was?green?and?whose?flowers?were?in?blossom.?
三、?with结构的特点??
??1.?with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二
部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系，而在逻辑上，却具有主谓关系，也就是说，
可以用第一部分作主语，第二部分作谓语，构成一个句子。
如：?With?him?taken?care?of，we?felt?quite?relieved.（欣慰）?→（He?was?taken?good?care?of.）?
She?fell?asleep?with?the?light?burning.?→（The?light?was?burning.）?
With?her?hair?gone，there?could?be?no?use?for?them.?→（Her?hair?was?gone.）?
???2.?在with结构中，第一部分为人称代词时，则该用宾格代词。
?如：?He?could?not?finish?it?without?me?to?help?him.
四、?几点说明：??
?????1.?with结构在句子中的位置：?with?结构在句中作状语，表示时间、条件、
原因时一般放在句子前面，并用逗号与句子分开；表示方式和伴随状况时一般
放在句子后面，不用逗号分开。若with结构作定语，则放在所修饰的名词之后，
一般不用逗号隔开。??
?????2.?with结构作状语时，不定式、现在分词?、和过去分词的区别：?在with
结构中，不定式、现在分词作宾补，表示主动，但是不定式表示将要发生的动作，
而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成。
例如：?With?the?boy?leading?the?way，we?found?he?house?easily.（小男孩已领
过路）???
?With?the?boy?to?lead?the?way，we?will?find?the?house?easily?tomorrow.（小男孩明天将领路）?
He?lay?on?the?bed?with?the?bedroom?door?shut.（寝室被关着）
3、with结构与一般的with短语的区别：?with结构具有上述功能和特点，而
\"介词with+名词或代词（组）\"组成的一般的with短语在句子中可以作定语和
状语。作状语时，它能表示动作的方式、原因，但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。
在一般的with短语中，with后面所跟的不是复合结构，也根本没有逻辑上的主?
谓关系。
五、?With复合结构与独立主格结构的关系：
with复合结构属于独立主格结构，但在结构上，with?复合结构由介词with或without引导词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰，结构?较松散；而独立主格结构没有with或without引导，结构严密，名词前可用可不用修饰语。在句法功能上，with结构可以作定语，独立主格结构则不能；独立主格结构通常在句中作状语，但也可以作主语，而with结构则不能。
????独立主格在口语中不常用，往往由一个从句代替，而with结构较口语化，较常用。
????例如：????There?were?rows?of?white?houses?with?trees?in?front?of?them.（\"with+复合宾语\"结构，在句中作定语）??
????A?strong?man?working?a?whole?day?could?not?jump?this?high.（名词+现在分词构成的独立主格结构，作主语）??
?????The?boy?said，turning?to?the?man，his?eyes?opened?wide?and?his?hand?raised.（独立主格结构，表示伴随状况或行为方式，作状语）??
Then?last?night，I?followed?him?here，and?climbed?in，sword?in?hand.（名词+介词短语构成的独立主格结构，作状语，表示伴随情况）?
Without?anything?left?in?the?cupboard，?she?went?out?to?get?something?to?eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）?
注意：若with复合结构在句中作伴随状况状语，且结构模式又是“with+名词+
介词短语”，那么with复合结构转换成独立主格结构时，介词前后的两个名词就
应该用单数形式且不带包括冠词在内的任何限定词。
如：1、Last?night?I?followed?him,?and?climbed?in,?with?a?sword?in?my?hand.
??????=Last?night?I?followed?him?and?climbed?in,?sword?in?hand.
???2、He?sat?there?thinking,?with?his?head?on?his?hand.
??????=He?sat?there?thinking,?head?on?hand.
无论with复合结构还是独立主格结构，都不可有动词的谓语形式充当其中的逻辑谓语。
?
2019高考英语：独立主格结构与With复合结构精解与练习含答案
独立主格结构与With复合结构
1、 The boy came running into the lecture hall, ____________.
A. his face was dirty and his clothes torn
B. his face dirty and his clothes torn
C. his face was dirty and his clothes were torn
D. his face dirty and his clothes were torn
2、 The girl in the photo was smiling sweetly , _____________.
A. her long hair flowed in the breeze.
B. her long hair was flowing in the breeze.
C. her long hair flow in the breeze.
D. her long hair flowing in the breeze.
3、_____ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.
A. Being no rain B. There was no rain
C. To be no rain D. There being no rain
4、 As is known to all, Montreal is the second largest French-speaking city in the world, ____.
A. Paris is the largest B. Paris being the largest
C. Paris to be the largest D. Paris be the largest
5、 She was shy and feeling pretty nervous, on such a big stage.
A. for the first time she was B. this being her first time
C. she was the first time D. being her first time
6、A discovery of new evidence led to ________.
A．the thief having caught B．catch the thief
C．the thief being caught D．the thief to be caught
7、 ______, we had to put off the tennis match.
A. It being rainy B. There being raining C. Having been raining D. Being rainy
8、Students are burdened with too much exercises, _______ their school grade.
A. aiming to improve B. aiming at improving
C. aimed to improve D. aimed to improving
9、 International communications have led to ____________.
A. using English widely. B. English having used widely.
C. English to be used widely. D. English being used widely.
10、 ____ the sun was rising in the east.
A. Arriving there B. We arriving there
C. Having arrived there D. We arrived there
11、_____ by Tom’s example to explore the North Pole in the Snow Dragon, Dick dreamed of ______ such a great chance for him.
A. To be inspired; there being B. Inspired; there was
C. Having inspired; there was D. Inspired; there being
12、 __________, his plan is better than yours.
A. With everything considered B. Having considered everything
C. To consider everything D. Being considered everything
13、 left before the deadline, it doesn’t seem likely that John will finish the work on time.
A. Though such a short time B. Because such a short time
C. With such a short time D. As such a short time
14、With time ____ by , they got to know each other better.
?? A. passes?? B. passing? ?? C. passed??? D. to be passed
15、 She stood there, ______ from her cheeks.
A. tears' rolling down B. tears rolled down
C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down
16、______, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.
A. Other things being equal B. Were other things equal
B. To be equal to other things D. Other things to be equal
17、 All the tasks _ahead of time，they decided to go on holiday for a week.
A. had been finished B. were finished C. having been finished D. been finished
18、______，we managed to get out of the forest．（ ）
A．The guide led the way B．The guide leading the way
C．With the guide to lead the way D．Having led the way
19、With the financial crisis _______across the globe, a lot of companies have shut down and many people have been out of work.
A. to spread B. spreading C. being spread D. having spread
20、 ______, we will surely succeed.
A. The teacher helping us B. The teacher to help us
C. The teacher will help us D. With the teacher helping
21、In Alice Munro’s novel, Carla, trapped in a bad marriage, ______, decides to flee.
A. her unhappiness built into desperation
B. her unhappiness has built into desperation
C. her unhappiness building into desperation
D. her unhappiness builds into desperation
22、 _____, her suggestion is of greater value than yours.
A. All things considering B. All things considered
C. All things were considered D. With all things were considered
23、_____, John returned to school from his hometown.
A．The summer vacation being over B．The summer vacation is over
C．Because the summer vacation over D．After the summer vacation being over
24、All her time ________ experiments, she has no time for films.
A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing
25、The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ______ at the end of last March.
A. has been launched B. having been launched
C. being launched D. to be launched
26、____ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor's help to end her life.
A. Having given up hope of cure B. With no hope for cure
C. There being hope for cure D. In the hope of cure
27、 ____, the hunter went into the forest.
A. A gun on shoulder B. A gun was on his shoulder
C. Gun on shoulder D. A gun being on shoulder
28、With many major economic problems_______ to be addressed, there is no point _______ the growth rate of this year now.
A. remaining ; predicting B. remaining ; to predict
C. remained ; predicting D. remained ; to predict
29、 _____, I had to buy a new one.
A. My dictionary losing B. My dictionary having been lost
C. My dictionary had been lost D. Because my dictionary lost
30、 She stood there, _____ from her cheeks.
A. tears' rolling down B. tears rolled down
C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down
31、Everything ___, the house is pretty good and it is totally________ the price.
A. considered; worth B. considering; worthy
C. to consider; worthwhile D. taken consideration; worthwhile
32、_____ in an atmosphere of affection is what people wish for.
A. The orphans are educated B. The orphans’ being educated
C. The orphans educating D. The orphans to be educated.
33、 Having been praised by the teacher, the little girl ran back home,____.
A. happily and satisfied B. eager and excitedly
C. happy and satisfied D. anxiously and excitedly
34、We saw piles of goods containers lie on the port, away．
A．waited to be carried． B．to wait to carry
C．waiting to be carried D．and waited for carrying
35、 ____, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.
A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Time's permitting
36、Mr. Smith gave many thanks to those doctors, his son was saved successfully.
A. with his help B. with whose help
C. without whose help D. without his help
37、At the sight of the policeman, ___from behind the door.
A. did the boy rush out B. did he sit down
C. out rushed the boy D. rushing out was the boy
38、You can use a larger plastic bottle, ____ is cut off, ___ as a pot to grow flowers in.
A. of which the top; with it’stop B. whose top; with its top
C. whose top; the top of it D. the top of which; with it’s top
39、Thousands of citizens are walking down the street in celebration of the success, _______ a small flag.
A．each of them holding B．each of whom holding
C．each of them holds D．they each hold
40、______, the concert began.
A. The listeners having taken their seats B. Having taken their seats
C. Having taken their places D. Taking their seats
参考答案
1、B 2、 D 3、D. 4、B 5、B 6、C 7、A 8、C 9、D 10、B 11、D 12、A 13、C 14、C 15
16、A 17、C18、B 19、B20、B 21、C 22、B 23、A 24、B 25、B 26、B 27、C 28、A
29、B 30、D 31、A32、B33、C 34、C 35、C 36、B37、C 38、B39、A 40、A
独立主格结构与With复合结构考点梳理
一、With复合结构与独立主格结构
with复合结构与独立主格结构是英语中常见的两种。从某种意义上说，它们可以算作是非谓语动词用法的延伸。它们都可以在句子中作原因状语、伴随状状语、条件状语、时间状语或结果状语用，一般也可以相互转换。虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同，但其结构形式和名称却不相同。抓住这一点，就可以把二者融会贯通，从而在阅读中减少不必要的理解障碍。
With复合结构是独立主格结构中的一种，是一种特殊的独立主格结构。
with复合结构的模式是：with+名词/代词（宾语）【作逻辑主语】+形容词/
副词/介词短语/名词/v-ing现在分词/过去分词/不定式【作逻辑谓语】
独立主格结构的模式是：主格名词/代词【作逻辑主语】+非谓语动词分句（现
在分词、过去分词、不定式）或名词、形容词、副词、介词短语【作逻辑谓语】
二、With（without）复合结构与独立主格的相互转化
???with/without复合结构与独立主格结构在句子中作状语时，一般可相互转换；
此外还可以变为状语从句或并列句。
1）作时间状语
???With?winter?coming?on,?the?trees?turn?yellow????and?some?birds?fly?south.
=??Winter?coming?on,?the?trees?turn?yellow?and????some?birds?fly?south.
=??When?winter?comes?on,?the?trees??turn?yellow?and?some?birds?fly?south.?
２）作原因状语?
With?the?key??lost,?she?could?not?enter?the?room.????
?=???The?key?lost,?she?could?not?enter?the?room.????
?=???As/Because?the?key?had?been?lost,??she?could?not?enter?the?room.?
另：With?us?to?care?for?the?children?you?are?able?to?be?carefree?away?from
home.=We?to?care?for?the?children,?you?are?able?to?be?carefree?away?from?home.（注意此处的we?
不得改成us，用了us便不是独立主格结构了。）
3)作条件状语?
???With?time?permitting,?we`ll?visit?the?Summer?Palace.???
=??Time?permitting,?we`ll?visit?the?Summer?Palace.??
?=??If?time?permits,?we`ll?visit?the??Summer?Palace.?
4）作伴随状语?
???Here?are?the?first?three?volumes?with??the?fourth?one?to?come?out?next?month.??
=??Here?are?the?first?three?volumes,?the??fourth?one?to?come?out?next?month.??
=??Here?are?the?first?three?volumes?and?the?fourth?one?is?coming?out?next?month.
注：with和without复合结构可以作??后置定语修饰名词，而独立主格结?构则不可作后置定语修饰名?词。
???Soon?she?arrived?at?a?park?with?grass?green?and?flowers?in?blossom.
=??Soon?she?arrived?at?a?park?whose??grass?was?green?and?whose?flowers?were?in?blossom.?
三、?with结构的特点??
??1.?with结构由介词with或without+复合结构构成。复合结构中第一部分与第二
部分语法上是宾语和宾语补足语关系，而在逻辑上，却具有主谓关系，也就是说，
可以用第一部分作主语，第二部分作谓语，构成一个句子。
如：?With?him?taken?care?of，we?felt?quite?relieved.（欣慰）?→（He?was?taken?good?care?of.）?
She?fell?asleep?with?the?light?burning.?→（The?light?was?burning.）?
With?her?hair?gone，there?could?be?no?use?for?them.?→（Her?hair?was?gone.）?
???2.?在with结构中，第一部分为人称代词时，则该用宾格代词。
?如：?He?could?not?finish?it?without?me?to?help?him.
四、?几点说明：??
?????1.?with结构在句子中的位置：?with?结构在句中作状语，表示时间、条件、
原因时一般放在句子前面，并用逗号与句子分开；表示方式和伴随状况时一般
放在句子后面，不用逗号分开。若with结构作定语，则放在所修饰的名词之后，
一般不用逗号隔开。??
?????2.?with结构作状语时，不定式、现在分词?、和过去分词的区别：?在with
结构中，不定式、现在分词作宾补，表示主动，但是不定式表示将要发生的动作，
而现在分词表示正在发生或发生了的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成。
例如：?With?the?boy?leading?the?way，we?found?he?house?easily.（小男孩已领
过路）???
?With?the?boy?to?lead?the?way，we?will?find?the?house?easily?tomorrow.（小男孩明天将领路）?
He?lay?on?the?bed?with?the?bedroom?door?shut.（寝室被关着）
3、with结构与一般的with短语的区别：?with结构具有上述功能和特点，而
\"介词with+名词或代词（组）\"组成的一般的with短语在句子中可以作定语和
状语。作状语时，它能表示动作的方式、原因，但不能表示时间、伴随和条件。
在一般的with短语中，with后面所跟的不是复合结构，也根本没有逻辑上的主?
谓关系。
五、?With复合结构与独立主格结构的关系：
with复合结构属于独立主格结构，但在结构上，with?复合结构由介词with或without引导词前有冠词、形容词、所有格代词或其它词类所修饰，结构?较松散；而独立主格结构没有with或without引导，结构严密，名词前可用可不用修饰语。在句法功能上，with结构可以作定语，独立主格结构则不能；独立主格结构通常在句中作状语，但也可以作主语，而with结构则不能。
????独立主格在口语中不常用，往往由一个从句代替，而with结构较口语化，较常用。
????例如：????There?were?rows?of?white?houses?with?trees?in?front?of?them.（\"with+复合宾语\"结构，在句中作定语）??
????A?strong?man?working?a?whole?day?could?not?jump?this?high.（名词+现在分词构成的独立主格结构，作主语）??
?????The?boy?said，turning?to?the?man，his?eyes?opened?wide?and?his?hand?raised.（独立主格结构，表示伴随状况或行为方式，作状语）??
Then?last?night，I?followed?him?here，and?climbed?in，sword?in?hand.（名词+介词短语构成的独立主格结构，作状语，表示伴随情况）?
Without?anything?left?in?the?cupboard，?she?went?out?to?get?something?to?eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）?
注意：若with复合结构在句中作伴随状况状语，且结构模式又是“with+名词+
介词短语”，那么with复合结构转换成独立主格结构时，介词前后的两个名词就
应该用单数形式且不带包括冠词在内的任何限定词。
如：1、Last?night?I?followed?him,?and?climbed?in,?with?a?sword?in?my?hand.
??????=Last?night?I?followed?him?and?climbed?in,?sword?in?hand.
???2、He?sat?there?thinking,?with?his?head?on?his?hand.
??????=He?sat?there?thinking,?head?on?hand.
无论with复合结构还是独立主格结构，都不可有动词的谓语形式充当其中的逻辑谓语。
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