2019年高三二轮复习--改错的解题技巧及训练+从句的复习（1）
一、课程介绍
知识点
1.归纳讲解改错的解题技巧（1）
2.重点语法①：从句的辨析
重点语法②：名词性从句
教学重点
1.如何清晰高效判断错误点
2.从句引导词的选择
教学难点
1.如何提高改错的敏感度
2.从句引导词的辨析
二、要点回顾
Ⅰ.改正下列句子
1.My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. (2016课标全国卷I）
_____________________________________________
2.How do you think I should do?.（2015四川卷）
_____________________________________________
3.Before making sure I was OK, he asked me anxiously what was going on. （2017东北三省四市高三第二次联合考试）
_____________________________________________
4.I seldom passed my exams, so I never prepared well.（2017广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试二）
_____________________________________________
【答案】
that改为where
How改为what
Before改为After
so改为because
三、知识精要
1.改错的解题思路
解题手段主要通过：1、从翻译入手 2、从语法入手（找易错点）
（一）翻译：找出如下错误
1.连词：
并列连词：and，but，or，so
从属连词（引导从句的连词）：that，what，which，who，when，how等
2.冠词：
（1）根据翻译：a/an“一个”，the“这个，那个，这些，那些”
（2）固定搭配：如in the 1990s，等
3.介词：同样从翻译和搭配入手
4.代词：主要改人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词
（1）指代错误：she/he, his/her 等
（2）用法错误：a friend of me（me改为mine），ours books（ours改为our）
5.主动被动：
（1）doing与done的区别
（2）be动词的添加或删除
The book bought by my father last year. (此句为被动所以在bought前加was）
Many changes have been happened in the last ten years.
(happen不能用被动，所以删掉been）
易错点：
时态：现在或过去
形容词和副词的区别：
形容词：作定语（修饰名词或代词）；作表语（在系动词后）
副词：作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子
注意：形容词变副词一般是加-ly，但下面几点要注意
true--truly
-le结尾的，去e加y，possible-possibly；simple-simply；gentle-gently
-c结尾的形容词，加-ally，如：basic-basically；scientific-scientifically
动词用法：如want do（中间加to），let sb to do（去掉to）与let有同样用法的词：make，have
单数/复数
名词：可数/不可数
动词：is/are;have/has;do/does等
代词：it/them ; many/much
形近词：beside/besides ; hardly / hard ; amazing /amazed
如：Beside, they often get some useful information from the internet..（2017全国II）
Beside改为besides
I had to try hardly not to laugh at her shocked face!
hardly改为hard
They are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden.（2017全国II）
interesting改为interested
2.语法
名词性从句
从句的辨析：一般根据从句在句中的位置来判断名词性从句与定语从句的区别
名词性从句：主语从句（一般在句首、主语前）、宾语从句（在动词或介词后）、表语从句（在系动词后）、同位语从句（解释
前面词的内容，前后是等同的关系。一般由that引导，that无词义，不充当句子成分，不可省略）
定语从句：在名词和代词后，起修饰作用的从句。引导定语从句的关系词必须在从句中充当成分
考点聚焦
1、名词性从句中连接词的运用
名词性从句中的连接词有连词that / whether / as if，连接代词what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。
（1）that的用法。
①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：
That they are good at English is known to us all.
The problem is that we don’t have enough money.
She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.
②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：
He judged that,because he was a child, he did not understand wine
Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.
The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.
③that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。
(A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that… （B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ...（C）It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that … （D）It seems/happens that。如：
It happened that I went out last night.
It is said that China will win in the World Cup.
④that和what的区别。
that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词 + 关系代词即常说的先行词 + that。如：
It’s shame that he has made such a mistake. Do what he says.
⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。
同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如：
They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句)
The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.（定语从句）
（2）whether和if的用法。
①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：
It all depends on whether they will come back.
②后面直接跟or not 时用whether。如：
I didn’t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.
③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如：
Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
The question is whether they have so much money.
④whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if不能。如：
We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.
⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：
The question of whether they are male or female is not important.
I have not decided whether to go or not.
⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如：
Thank you, but whether I’ll be free I’m not sure at the moment.
⑦whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。如：
Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.
（3）疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别。
①疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：
Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.
You can choose whatever you like in the shop.
②疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：
Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,
Whatever you do, you must do it well.
③no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如：
No matter what you do, you must do it well.
No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.
（4）when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。如：
They put forward the question where they could get the money.
This is the place where the accident happened.
2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致
（1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：
Hello,I didn’t know you were in London. How long have you been here?
The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.
（2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：
When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.
When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.
When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.
3、名词性从句的词序
名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如：
He asked me what was the matter with me.
We’ve heard the news that we’ll move into the new house.
四、要点讲练
【要点1】改错-错词之名词冠词
名词的错误主要体现在单数复数、可数不可数上；冠词的错误主要体现在a与an的差别、a，an与the的误用上。在改的时候主要从翻译入手
【例题1】
(2017·全国卷II) It takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.
【答案】a改为an/one
【解析】
考查冠词。hour 第一个音是元音，故用an
【例题2】
（2017全国卷II）They often get some useful informations from the internet.
【答案】informations 前加information
【解析】考查information，信息，为不可数名词
【即学即用】
The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.
A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.
Mum taught me some basic step of baking.
My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass．
I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning．
【答案】
1.把airs改为air，因为air是不可数名词
2.把a改为the。根据上下文此处是特指，故用the
3.把step改为steps。前面有some，且step是可数名词
4.side改为sides，前面有three
5.in hurry改为in a hurry，固定短语
【要点2】改错-错词之连词
连词包括并列连词和从属连词，改错时一方面要通过翻译进行，同时要通过语法来分析
【例题1】
(2017·全国卷I)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.
【答案】so改为but/yet
【解析】考查连词辨析。可以根据句意前后是转折关系。
【例题2】
全国卷II）If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.
【答案】but改为and
【解析】考查连词辨析。根据句意，前后是并列关系
【即学即用】
There the air is clean or the mountains are green.
After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.
My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.
【答案】 1.or改为and 2.where改为that或删掉 3.after改为when
【要点3】 改错-错词之谓语动词
谓语动词的主要出题点是时态语态错误及主谓一致。做题时要根据上下文及翻译入手。
【例题1】（2017年全国卷II）When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the vegetables.
【答案】 came改为comes
【解析】根据上下文都是现在时，故把过去时改为现在时
【例题2】（2016年全国卷II）Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.
【答案】have been shown中的been删掉
【解析】按照原句应译为被动，而实际句意应为主动，故删掉been
【即学即用】
A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.
This morning she starts barking even before 5 o'clock.
Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky
They were looked like rain!
【答案】
telling改为told 2.starts改为started 3.was改为were 4.were删掉
【要点4】改错-错词之非谓语动词
非谓语动词分为to do，doing，done，具体的使用一个是各自的特点，在一个就是根据上下文判断主动被动的含义的区别
【例题1】 （2017东北三省四市高三第二次联合考试）They are like our parents, keep all of us safe．
【答案】keep改为keeping
【解析】doing表示伴随，做伴随状语
【例题2】（2017广东深圳市高三第二次调研考试） I thought it would be hard to spend a whole week stayed away from school and home.
【答案】stayed改为staying
【解析】spend后面接doing形式
【例题3】 （2017武汉高中毕业生4月调研测试）I’d like to talking about my most memorable experience.
【答案】taking改为take
【解析】would like to do固定用法
【要点5】改错-错词之形容词副词
形容词副词的主要考点是各自的用法：形容词作定语（修饰名词或代词）；或作表语（在系动词后）。副词：作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子
【例题1】 （2017湖北省七市科教研协作体高三4月联合考试）I have decided to work hard so that I’ll have a brightly future.
【答案】brightly改为bright
【解析】此处应用形容词修饰名词
【例题2】（2017济南市三月高考模拟考试） I promise you will have a wonderfully time here in Beijing.
【答案】wonderfully改为wonderful
【解析】此处应用形容词修饰名词
【即学即用】
That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are.
2.My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird.
3.Don’t panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calmly.
【答案】
1.closely改为close 2.immediate改为immediately 3.calmly改为calm
【要点6】改错-错词之代词
代词的错误主要体现在单数复数，用法错误，及翻译方面的问题。
【例题1】 （2016全国卷II）If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view.
【答案】 your改为our
【解析】根据上下文逻辑意思，此处应为“我们的”，与主语一致
【例题2】（2017全国卷Ⅲ） This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
【答案】your 改为my
【解析】根据上下文逻辑意思，此处应为“我的”，与前文me一致
【即学即用】
1.If you are me ,would you talk to him?
2.Neither of the arrows hit the target.
3.We must found ways to protect your environment.
【答案】
1.him改为them 2.neither改为none 3.found改为find；your改为our
【要点7】改错-错词之介词
介词的主要错误体现在词义和固定搭配上
【例题1】 （2017全国卷I）It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.
【答案】 on改为of
【解析】in the middle of...，在...中。本题考查固定搭配
【例题2】（2016四川卷）Dad cleaned the house,and then went on shopping.
【答案】 去掉on
【解析】本题国定结构go shopping去购物。
【即学即用】
1.Therefore , we have more time with after-school activities.
My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird.
3.I also shared for my friends many photos taking in Beijing.
【答案】
1.with改为for 2.immediate改为immediately；on改为at 3.for改为with；taking改为taken
【要点8】名词性从句
名词性从句主要考查连词的使用。有三大类连词：that、if/whether、特殊疑问词
【例题1】（2016北京卷）Your support is important to our work. _____ you can do helps.
A. However B. whoever C. whatever D. wherever
【答案】C
【解析】主语从句中whatever 做从句的主语，你做的无论什么都是会帮助的，符合句意
【例题2】（2016北京卷） The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _____one can be entirely free from dust.
A. what B. that C. whether D. why
【答案】B
【解析】句意为：雨季最惬意的事情是人们完全不受灰尘的烦扰。表语从句中不缺任何成分，且句意完整，所以用that引导
【即学即用】
1. It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016江苏卷)
A. why B. what C. as D. that
2.The manager put forward a suggestion we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.(2016天津卷)
whether B. that C. which D. what
_____ amazed us greatly was that Linda could speak five languages.(2017北京市海淀区高三第二学期期末练习)
A. That B. What C. Which D. Why
4.Home is we complain the most, but are often treated the best．(北京市西城区高三第二次模拟考试)
A.which B.where C.that D.how
5.Since there is only one laboratory in the school, it is important to check the students can use it．(北京市东城区高三综合练习二)
A.which B.what C.when D.where
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.C
五、模块自测
【改错】P267
（一）The other day after work, I was walking down the street while I saw a boy riding a nice bicycle, one of those bicycle with only one wheel. Dressing in all pink from head to toe, he was singing a song which was sounded like a kid’s song. I thought he must be total crazy. Just then, a lady dropped 20-dollar bill on the ground, but he didn’t realize it. The guy in pink picked out the money and gave it back to her. After that, he rode on but soon disappeared before the lady could thank him. How a strange and good guy!(2016陕西西安工业大学附属中学第四次适应性训练）
（二）Mr. and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside, they often get some useful informations from the internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables！（2017全国卷II）
. （三）It is Mother’s Day today.Though it’s a western festival, it’s popular in China now. Mom has a full-time job,so she has to do most of the houseworks.She is a great mother.Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mother’s Day.We get up early in the morning.Dad cleaned the house,and then went on shopping.When he came back,I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritiest.At dinner,we said to her,“Happy Mother’s Day！”Mom was grateful and moving.(2016年四川卷)
（四）My mother Donald didn’t do well in math. When the day of the exam comes, Donald sat next to Brian, which was always good at math. Donald careful copied Brian’s answers. At end of the exam, the teacher collected the papers and graded it. Then she decided to give a prize to the student who got the high grade. But it was a bit of difficult for her to make a decision, because Donald and Brian got the same grade. The teacher thought about that and made on her mind to give the prize to Brian. Donald said it was unfair. “That’s true,”the teacher said. “Therefore, Brian’s answer to Question 18 was ‘I don’t know’.Your was ‘Neither do I’.”
（五）Patience is greatly important in our daily life. Once, I waited for a bus come at a stop. 30 minutes passed, but no bus came. Both upset and annoying, I decided to walk by foot. But no sooner had I left when the bus arrived. I thought if I had waited for one more minutes, I would have caught it. If I chose to take a next bus, I would have to wait for another 30 minutes. Only then do I realize my problem. Being impatient will possible waste all the effort that we have put it in. Now, whenever I am close to losing my impatience, I will think of this experience.
【答案】
一、 1.while--when 2. bicycle--bicycles 3. Dressing-- Dressed 4. 去掉was 5. total--totally
6. 20-dollar前加a 7. he--she 8. out--up 9. but--and 10. How--What
二、1.all-both 2.a-an/one 3.interesting-interested 4.that-which 5.earlier-early
6.去掉for 7.beside-besides 8.informations- information 9.came-comes 10. pick 前加to
三、11.so---but 2.houseworks--- housework 3.or---and 4.get---got 5.去掉on 6.her---his
7.在in和kitchen之间加the 8.what---that/which(或去掉what) 9.favoritest--- favorite 10.moving---moved
四、1. comes--came 2.which--who 3.careful--carefully 4.end前加the 5.it--them
6.high--highest 7.去掉of 8.on--up 9.Therefore--However 10.Your--Yours
五、1.come前加to 2.annoying--annoyed 3.by--on 4.when--than 5.minutes--minute
6.a--the 7.do--did 8.possible--possibly 9.去掉it 10.impatience--patience
【名词性从句】
1. It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
2. A ship in harbor is safe, but that not ships are built for.
3. I truly believe beauty comes form within.
4. we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
5. You have to know you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
6. Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
7. Whatever they grow, they make sure is left in the ground after harvesting becomes a natural fertilizer for the next year’s crop.
8. As is known to us, the year 2016 has one extra day in it--- February 29th. This is because it’s we call “a leap year”.
9. If you are going to kill the snake, you have to get close to the head is and cut it off.
10. One concern relates to a lack of control over appears on the Internet.
【答案】
1.that 2.what 3.that 4.How 5.where 6.what 7. what 8.what 9. where 10.what
2019年高三二轮复习--改错的解题技巧及训练+从句的复习（2）
一、课程介绍
知识点
1.归纳讲解改错的解题技巧（2）
2.重点语法①: 从句的辨析
重点语法②：定语从句和状语从句
教学重点
1.如何清晰高效判断错误点
2.定语从句和状语从句引导词的选择
教学难点
1.如何提高改错的敏感度
2.从句引导词的辨析
二、要点回顾
Ⅰ.改错
My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that 1 love .Though not very big ,but the restaurant is popular in our area .It is always crowded with customers at meal times .Some people even had to wait outside My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead,he hopes that our business will grow steady.
【答案】
1. that →where 2. but去掉 3. times→time 4. had →have 5. honest→ honesty
6. or→ and 7. using →used 8. becoming前加of 9. the →a 10. our→ his
II.名词性从句
1． they are most interested in is they can produce more and better cars．
A．That；how B．What；how C．What；that D．That；that
2．The reason she gave for not being present was the heavy snow prevented her coming．
A．why；because B．why；whether C．that；that D．how；that
3． I have will be yours sooner or later．
A．No matter what B．No matter how C．Whatever D．However
4．Word came I was wanted at the office．
A．which B．why C．that D．whether
5．The town is no longer it was ten years ago．
A．which B．that C．what D．when
【答案】
1-5 BCCCC
三、知识精要
（一）定语从句
考点聚焦
1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语
2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后
Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.
3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词
（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。
（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：
①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.
②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。
There are many places we can visit（them）in China.
4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词
关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。
关系副词：when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。
5、确定关系词的步骤
（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
6、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which
（1）先行词被①形容词最高级 ②序数词 ③数词几种词修饰或被
④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。
（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。
（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。
He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.
（4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。
The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.
（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。Which are the books that you bought for me ?
7、宜用which而不用that的情况
（1）在非限制性定语从句中（2）在关系词前有介词时（3）当先行词本身是that时
（4）当关系词离先行词较远时
8、关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词
（1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。
（2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。
（3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。Who is that girl that is standing by the window?
（4）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。
9、whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。如：
Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ?/There is a room, whose window faces the river.
There is a room, the window of which faces the river.
10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。
（1）先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many（much）中，从句都用as 引导。
Such books as you bought are useful./The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.
注意：区别①such … that … 引导的结果状语从句。They are such lovely children that we love them much.②the same … that … 引导定语从句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now.
（2）无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。
区别：①意义上：as 含有“这点正如……一样”。②位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。
He didn’t pass the exam, as we had expected.
There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.
As is known, the earth is round, not flat.
11、关系副词when与where、why、that
when 指时间 = in / at / on / during which where指地点 = in / at / from / which
why指原因 = for which当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）I don’t like the way that / in which / he talks.当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。
This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.
12、必须注意的问题
（1）关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。（2）注意区别定语从句与强调句。
①定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。②强调it无意义，that / who不是引导词。
③强调it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。
It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定语从句)
It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（强调句）
（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
①定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。
②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。
Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语)
We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语)
（4）关系词在从句中省略的情况。
①关系词作宾语，前无介词时。②关系词作表语。
（5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。
（6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。
（7）几个特殊的定语从句句型：
①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks
in the match.（句中one为先行词）
He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中students为先行词）
②Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ?
③He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.
④It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.
（二）状语从句
考点聚焦
1、时间状语从句
（1）as、when、while用法一览表。
类别
作 用
例 句
as
as表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。
She came up as I was cooking.(同时)
The runners started as the gun went off.(几乎同时)
when
(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。
It was raining when we arrived.(指时间点)
When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段时间内)
while
while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a period of time时，两者可以互换。
Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.
He fell asleep while/when reading. Strike while the iron is hot.(用as或when不可，这里的while意思是“趁……”)
（2）引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有：
①till, not … until …, until, before, since
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
He waited for his father until(till)it was twelve o’clock.
It will be five years before he returns from England.
②hardly / scarcely … when, no sooner … than, as soon as once表示“一……就”
As soon as I have finished it , I’ll give yu a call.
Once you show any fear, he will attack you.
We had hardly got / Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain.
No sooner had he arrived / He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining.
③directly, immediately, the moment, the minute that… 一……就
He made for the door directly he heard the knock.
④each time, every time, by the time
Each time he came to my city, he would call on me.
注意：表示未来情况，主句用将来时，从句用现在时。
2、让步状语从句
（1）although与though可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。
Although they are poor,(yet)they are warm-hearted.
（2）even if或even though引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，“纵然”，用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质。
I’ll get there even if(though)I have to sell my house to get enough money to go by air.
（3）no matter后接上who、what、where、how等疑问词，也可以在这类疑问词后面加上ever构成whoever、whatever、wherever、however等。
Don’t trust him, no matter what / whatever he says.
Whoever breaks the law will be published.
No matter how hard the work is, you’d better try to do it well.
（4）as也可以引导让步状语从句。要用倒装。
Child as(though)he is, he knows a lot.
Much as I like it, I won’t buy.
Try as he would, he couldn’t lift the heavy box.
3、原因状语从句：because, for, as, since, now that
（1）表示不知道的原因时用because,即说话人认为听话人不知道，因此because从句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。
You want to know why I’m leaving? I’m leaving because I’m full.
for虽然表示不知道的原因，但其语气较because要弱得多，是可说可不说的话，它只能置于主句之后，这时，for是并列连词。如果不是因果关系，而是对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断时，只能用for。如：It’s morning now, for the birds are singing.（很显然，鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原因。）
（2）表示已经知道的原因时用as或since,即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些，它们通常被置于语句之前，但有时却相反。
Seeing all of the children already seated, he said,“Since everyone is here, let’s start.”
(3)下列情况下只能使用because:
①在回答why的问句时；
②在用于强调句型时；
③被not所否定时。
4、地点状语从句：where, wherever
Make a mark wherever you have any questions.
We will go where the Party directs us.
5、目的状语从句：that, so that, in order that
注意：目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词连用，否则可能是结果状语从句。不可置于句首。
6、结果状语从句：that, so that, so … that, such … that …
注意：so + 形容词/副词 + that从句；such + 名词 + that从句。
7、方式状语从句：as, as if(though)
I’ll do as I am told to.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
8、比较状语从句：than, as
9、条件状语从句：if, unless, so (as) long as, in case, once, a far as, on condition that.
注意if与unless的区别：不能用and连接两个unless从句，即不能有… unless …,and unless … 。但if … not and if … not却不受此限。
You won’t lose your weight unless you eat less and unless you exercise more.(×)
但可以说 … unless you eat less and exercise more.
10、注意状语从句中从句的省略现象
（1）连接词 + 过去分词
Don’t speak until spoken to.
Pressure can be increased when needed.
Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use.
（2）连词 + 现在分词
Look out while crossing the street.
（3）连词 + 形容词/其他
常见的有it necessary、if possible、when necessary、if any等。
四、要点讲练
【要点1】改错-多词---多名词、冠词
这种错误主要从搭配上入手，一般不可数名词表示一类时，前不用冠词；当然也会有很多固定搭配
【例题】
(2016·全国卷III)At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.
【答案】去掉first前面的the
【解析】
考查固定用法。At first中间不用冠词，首先，第一
【要点2】改错-多词---多介词
及物动词后面不需要加介词；副词前不需要介词；有些固定短语中不需要介词等
【例题1】
(2017·全国卷III）I realize of how fast time flies.
【答案】删掉of
【解析】realize是及物动词，后不用介词of
【例题2】
（2017全国卷II）They have also bought for some gardening tools.
【答案】删掉介词for
【解析】 buy固定结构sb. buy sth.或 sb buy sth. for sb.
【要点3】 改错-多词---多不定式的to
动词不定式有时省略to。
【例题】（2017年东北三省四市高三第一次联合考试）They said they would rather to spend the time with their friends or take part in some activities.
【答案】 删掉to
【解析】根据固定结构would rather do sth.，所以省去to
【要点4】改错-少词---少不定式的to
在一些搭配中缺少了不定式的to
【例题1】 （2017全国卷II）When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables！
【答案】pick前面加to
【解析】invite sb. to do
【例题2】（2015四川卷） I really want share with you some of the?problems I have been experiencing.
【答案】wanted后面加to
【解析】want to do
【例题3】（2017年广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试二）My teacher, Mr.Black, advised me plan everything in advance.
【答案】plan前面加to
【解析】这里是advise sb. to do sth.的固定结构
【要点5】改错-少词---少介词
缺少介词是改错中常出现的一个问题，主要看固定搭配。
【例题】 （2017山东省青岛市高三统一质量检测）Paper books cannot be replaced in spite their disadvantages.
【答案】spite后面接of
【解析】in spite of 是固定搭配，尽管的意思
【要点6】改错-少词---少冠词
缺少冠词也是常出现的考点，主要看是否固定搭配。
【例题1】 （2015浙江卷） I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning．
【答案】in hurry之间加a
【解析】in a hurry，固定短语
【例题2】（2017全国卷III） Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time,car magazines and musical instruments.
【答案】 picture前面加the
【解析】前文出现过一次picture,再一次出现要加the, in the picture
【例题3】（2017武汉市高中毕业生4月调研测试）It was the trip to Australia I had three years ago with my dance group to participate in international dance festival.
【答案】in 后加an
【解析】in an international dance festival在一次国际跳舞节
【要点7】改错-少词---少助动词
有些句子用形容词、副词、介词用作谓语来误导学生，或者是被动语态中缺少be动词, 这时需要添加助动词
【例题】 （2017南昌市高三第一次模拟测试卷）She killed by an ambulance speeding by.
【答案】she后面加was
【解析】她被一辆急速的救护车撞死了。被动结构be done.
【要点8】改错-少词---少代词
代词的缺失也是常出现的考点，这时要通过翻译或用法来判断
【例题1】 （2015全国卷II） Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.
【答案】 parents前加his
【解析】若不加his，parents就表示泛指父母了，与句意不符，所以要加上限定语
【例题2】（2017新课标I） I still remember how hard first day was.
【答案】 hard后加my/the
【解析】序数词前加the或者人称代词my, 表示我依然记得我的第一天的有多难
【例题3】（2017银川市普通高中教学质量检测）Sometimes we find difficult to follow the teacher.
【答案】 find后加it
【解析】find it +adj. to do sth.固定结构
【要点9】定语从句
主要考查引导词的使用，成分的判断，若干引导词的使用限制等
【例题1】 （2017全国III） Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time,car magazines and musical instruments.
【答案】 they改为which/that
【解析】该句是限定性定语从句，指物用that/which引导的定语从句
【例题2】（2017太原市高三年级模拟考试二） My flat is on the fifth floor of a high-rise building where if opposite a busy road.
【答案】where 改成which/that
【解析】根据上下文的句子结构前面是一个句子，后面也是一个句子。根据意思“我的公寓是一所高楼的第五层”，所以后面的句子是定语从句，修饰building，故用which或that
【即学即用】
1．I can still remember the sitting room my mother and I used to sit in the evening．
A．what B．which C．that D．where
2．The man was a friend of mine．
A．that you just talked to B．whom you just talked to him
C．who you just talked to him D．you just talked
3．1’ll never forget the place I visited ten years ago.
A．where B．that C．in which D．what
4． We all know，oil and water don’t mix up．
A．That B．What C．Which D．As
5．All is needed is a Supply of oil．
A．the thing B．that C．what D．which
【答案】
1-5 DABDB
【要点10】状语从句
一方面考查连词的词义（也要注意一词多义现象），同时考查连词的搭配情况
【例题1】 （2017兰州市高三实战考试） I have been learning painting after I was a small boy.
【答案】after改为since
【解析】该句是考查时间状语从句，前半句用现在完成时态，后面用since，自从，表示从过去到现在
【例题2】（2017杭州市第二次高考科目教学质量检测）Then I went back to the dorm after he could say anything.
【答案】after改为before
【解析】考查时间状语从句，句意：在他说任何话之前我就进了寝室。
【例题3】If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it．
【答案】If改为Although
【解析】根据上下文的句意是“尽管我只是个孩子，但是我一直没有忘记这件事”，所以if改为although或though
【即学即用】
1． the days went on，the weather got worse．
A．With B．Since C．While D．As
2． you go， be honest and modest．
A．Wherever；do B．Wherever；must C．Where；do D．Where；should
3． ，it was finished on time．
A．As was the work difficult B．Difficult as was the work
C．Difficult as the work was D．As the work was difficult
4． everybody is here，let’s begin our meeting．
A．When B．For C．Because D．Since
5．It was he was ill that he was absent yesterday．
A．now that B．since C．as D．because
【答案】
1-5 DACDD
五、模块自测
【改错】
（一）Dear Jeremy and Alice，
Although we've been delighted to have you as neighbors, we're hoping to settle something that bothers to us. In a word, your dog—Cleo.
We've called several time about Cleo's early morning barking. It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she's outside. The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby. Beside, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day. This morning she starts barking even before 5o'clock. That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are.
We appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.
Sincerely,
Jack and Rose
（二）My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven. He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees. My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting.
One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue. Just then a bird was flying over us. My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target. Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky — they were looked like rain! We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.
That day I didn’t learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt an impressive lesson about gravity!
（三）Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off. If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside. Stay close to your teacher and classmate. Don’t panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calmly. Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire. If it’s a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom. If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately.
（四）My dream school starts at 8:30 a. m and ends at 3:30 p. m. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so many homework. Therefore , we have more time with after-school activities. For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sport for one hour every day.
My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom, buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, sat by the lake listening music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends.
（五）Nearly five years before ,and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes（圣女果）in our back garden, since then---for all these year---we had been allowing tomatoes to self seed where they please . As result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors .Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problem. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at on cost!
（六）I was taking a train to London’s Victoria Station. I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people. Before long, a train inspector comes to check out tickets. A passenger realized he couldn’t find his ticket but became quite upset. Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket, which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner. The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success. No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before. Yet, they had so quickly offered the strangers their help. If we could show concern to others on need, the world would be a better place to live in.
【答案】
一、Dear Jeremy and Alice，
Although we've been delighted to have you as neighbors, we're hoping to settle
something that bothers to us. In a word, your dog—Cleo.
We've called several time about Cleo's early morning barking. It is difficult to
times
understanding why she barks every minute she's outside. The early morning barking
understand
have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby. Beside, Cleo tends to
Has Besides
bark a average of six hours a day. This morning she starts barking even before 5
An started
o'clock. That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are.
Close
We appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure ∧ a
your out
good way of settling the matter.
二、My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven. He wanted ∧ teach me about animals,
to
insects and trees. My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting.
came
One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue. Just then a bird was flying over us. My uncles
having
immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target. Suddenly the arrows was
immediately at none were
flying down at us from the sky — they were looked like rain! We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.
删除were或looked and
That day I didn’t learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!
an
Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off. If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the
about goes
door and wait ^your teacher to lead you outside. Stay close to your teacher and classmate. Don’t panic or get out of line, and trying to remain
for classmates try
quiet and calmly. Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire. If it’s a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the
calm the you
classroom. If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately.
删掉when or
四、My dream school starts at 8:30 a. m. and ends at 3:30 p. m. They are three lesson
There
in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so many homework.
don’t much
Therefore , we have more time with after-school activities. For example, we can do reading
for
for one and a half hour and play sport for one hour every day.
hours
My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers
looks
and trees around the classroom, buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, sat by the
sit
lake listening∧ music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our
to helpful
teachers but also our friends.
五、Nearly five years before ,and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes
ago of
（圣女果）in our back garden, since then---for all these year---we had been allowing tomatoes to self
years have
seed where they please . As∧result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but
a everywhere
juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors .Although we allow
tasty many
tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect
或yet
attack problem. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at on cost!
Wonderful
六、 I was taking a train to London’s Victoria Station. I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled
noisy
with people.
Before long, a train inspector comes to check out tickets. A passenger realized he couldn’t find his
came
ticket but became quite upset. Then everyone in the carriage began searching∧the ticket, which was
and for
eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner. The person who found a ticket smiled with
its/the the
pleasure at his success.
No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before. Yet, they
previously
had so quickly offered the strangers their help. If we could show concern to others on need, the world
stranger in
would be a better place to live in.
【定语从句】
1．The little problem we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017北京)
2．My eldest son, work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.(2017天津)
3. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes if to reliever worldwide starvation.(2017江苏)
4．1live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.（2016北京）
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather ma be better.（2016天津）
Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of has been proved.（2016浙江）
Many young people, most of were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.（2016江苏）
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.（2015安徽）
I felt free without my phone at weekend camp, changed me completely.（2017四川成都龙泉中学高三四月月考）
A survey was held in 16 cities with over one million population showed high proportion of urban Chinese have been suffering such health problems.(2017四川凉山州高中毕业班二检)
【答案】1.that/which 2.whose 3.whose 4.whose 5.when 6.which 7.whom 8.which 9.which 10.that/which
【状语从句】
I went to sleep, I browsed through news websites and checked my emails.（2017四川成都龙泉中学高三四月月考）
However, she was doing research, she noticed that many kids were not drinking enough water.（2017云南昆明高三下学期第二次统测）
A large-scale restoration of the Yu Garden was conducted it opened to the public formally in 1961.（2017贵州贵阳一中高三下学期第六次适应性考试0
children do not believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independent.（2017广西桂林，崇左联考调研0
birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.(2017北京)
If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people you figure it out.（2017北京）
Located the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.（2017江苏）
My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, he’s in his nineties.（2016北京）
I really enjoy listening to music it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.（2016北京）
the average age of the population increase, there are more and more old people to care for.（2016天津）
【答案】 1.Before 2.when/as/while 3.before 4.If 5.Although/While/Though 6.until/till 7.where 8.even though/even if/although 9.because/as 10. As
