2019年高三二轮复习--语法填空的解题技巧及训练+动词时态的复习（1）
一、课程介绍
知识点
1.归纳讲解语法填空的解题技巧（1）---给词填空的解题技巧
2.重点语法①: 动词的时态语态（1）---动词的时态及其应用
重点语法②：构词法之派生法
教学重点
1.如何找到语法填空的切入点
2.时态语态的判断依据
教学难点
如何判断填空部分的词
二、要点回顾
I.单句改错
1.I thought that it is a good idea. (2016全国卷II）
_____________________________________________
2.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.（2015全国卷II）
_____________________________________________
3.I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club. （2017全国卷III）
_____________________________________________
4.When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables！（2017全国II卷）
_____________________________________________
【答案】
thought改为think
been删掉
become改为became
came改为comes
II.语法填空
1.Sarah (tell) that she could be Brian’s new supermodel. （2017全国卷III）
Steam engines _____(use) to pull the carriages（2017全国卷II）
Then,after two and a half years,the mother (drive)the young panda away.（2016四川卷）
The recent research (show) us that the constant misuse or overuse of alcohol may cause cancer of the mouth and throat as well recently.（2017东北三省四市高三第一次联合考试）
【答案】
1.has been told/was told 2.were used 3.drove 4.has shown
三、知识精要
1.语法填空的解题思路（一）
解题手段主要通过：1、从翻译入手 2、从语法入手 （有时二者要兼顾）
题型I：给词填空
动词：分两步来分析
第一步：确定是谓语动词还是非谓语动词（一般一个句子只有一个谓语动词）
第二步：谓语动词考查的是时态、语态；非谓语动词考查to do，doing，done
例句：The man _________ (speak) over there now.
The man _________ (speak) over there now comes from Beijing.
解析：第一个句子是谓语，考查时态，进行时is speaking；第二个句子是非谓语动词（因为后面有谓语comes），用speaking，表示动作正在进行。
The bridge _________ (build) in the 1990s.
The bridge _________ (build) in the 1990s is being repaired.
解析：第一个句子是谓语，考查时态及语态，过去时的被动was built；第二个句子是非谓语动词（因为后面有谓语is being repaired），用built，表示被动2.词性转换：必须确定该空的词性，然后注意词形转换（各种后缀前缀）
例句：
Considering his _______ (able), he could have behaved better.
_________ (apparent), he didn’t think much of my suggestion.
解析：第一个空，his后面应该接名词，所以用ability；第二个空，尽管该词意思可能不太清楚，也可根据位置判断该空用副词（句首时，一个词一般用副词）
（附）常用的后缀/前缀
前缀（一般改变词义）
否定前缀：un-（unhappy，unbelievable），dis-（dislike，disappointing），im-（impossible，impolite），in-（incorrect，informal），
Ir-（irregular）il-（illegal）
动词前缀：en-（encourage，enjoy，enrich）
后缀（一般改变词性）
名词后缀：-tion（translation），-ment（announcement），-ist（tourist），-bility（ability）等
形容词后缀：-ful（careful），-less（careless），-able（comfortable），-ed/-ing（disappointed/disappointing），-ive（attractive）等
副词后缀：-ly（要注意ly的填加方法，尤其是去掉字母e的情况）
动词后缀：-en（shorten，worsen）
2.语法
动词时态和语态（一）
注意：时态语态的考查一方面要从时间状语入手，另一方面要从上下文翻译及语境入手
时态语态的考查方向：语法填空、改错、写作
本讲主要讲解动词的时态
考点聚焦
动词时态考查要点简述
（1）一般现在时考点分析
①表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
Water boils at 100oC.
②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
Ice feels cold./We always care for each other and help each other.
③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如：
I know what you mean./Smith owns a car and a house.
All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.
④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。
⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排，肯定会出现的状态，只用一般现在时。
The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day./Tomorrow is Wednesday.
（2）一般过去时的考点分析（考查重点）。
①一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如：
I met her in the street yesterday./I once saw the famous star here./They never drank wine.
I thought the film would be interesting, but it isn’t.
②如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。如：He told me he read an interesting novel last night.
③表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。
The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her./He bought a watch but lost it.
④常用一般过去时的句型：
Why didn’t you / I think of that?/I didn’t notice it.
I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before./I didn’t recognize him.
（3）一般将来时考点分析。
①表示未来的动作或状态常用will / shall + 动词（常与表示将来的时间状语边用如tomorrow、next week等）。
②表示一种趋向或习惯动作。We’ll die without air or water.
③表示趋向行为的动词如come、go、start、begin、leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。
④be going to与will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及区别：
be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall / will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。
be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：
If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.(正确)/If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(错误)
be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。
A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon.
be about to do sth.表示“即可，就要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。
Autumn harvest is about to start.
（4）现在进行时考点分析。
①表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的安排或计划；go、come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。如：
It is raining now./He is teaching English and learning Chinese./I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.
We are leaving on Friday./At six I am bathing the baby.(I start bathing the bady before six.)
The girl is always talking loud in public.(与always、often等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感彩)
②下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。（A）表示心理状态、情感的动作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。（B）表存在的状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。（C）表示一时性动作的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。（D）表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。
（5）过去完成时考点分析（考查重点）。
①常用过去完成时的几种情况：（A）在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如：By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station. (B)表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/
though / wanted / expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned … + to have done。（C）“时间名词 + before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词 + ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去式。如：He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.（D）表示“一……就”的几个句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when / than / before + 一般过去时。如：We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.
②在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。
After he (had)left the room, the boss came in./We arrived home before it snowed.
（6）过去将来时考点分析。
参照一般将来时对比：用would do、was / were going to do sth.表过去将来；come、go、leave等过去进行时表过去将来时；was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表过去将来。常用于主句是过去时态的宾语从句中。
The teacher said that we would have an exam the next day.
（7）过去进行时考点分析。
①过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。
②某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。
（8）现在完成时考点分析。（考查重点）
①现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。
②下列句型中常用现在完成时
It is (has been) + 一段时间 + since从句
This(That / It)is the first(second…)time that + 完成时
This(That / It)is the only … + that + 完成时
This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 从句 + 完成时
③在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。如：
I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it./ Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.
现在完成进行时(考查重点）：has/have been doing
表示过去发生的动作，持续进行到现在，还可能继续下去
It has been raining for a week,causing a lot of damage.
(10)将来进行时（考查重点）:will/shall be doing
表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，常与将来的具体时间连用。
Don’t call me at 9:00 tomorrow morning;I’ll be sleeping at that time.
注意几组时态的区别：
①一般过去时与现在完成时：时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用过去时态，不能用完成时态，如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。
结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。
②过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作（“连谓”）形式则只用一般过去时即可。
四、要点讲练
【要点1】语法填空---谓语动词和非谓语动词的辨析
很多学生对于谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断总是不够清晰，如前所述，谓语动词在句中作谓语，有时态语态的变化，换句话说，一个句子中若有时态语态的体现，那么就是有谓语动词了，这时再给动词的话就是填非谓语动词，反之亦然。若是考查非谓语动词，就需要区别使用to do，doing，done
【例题1】
(2016·全国卷I)I_____62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.
【答案】was allowed
【解析】考查谓语动词（因为该动词在主语I之后，同时句子中没有谓语动词）。根据上下文句意，“我被允许。。。”所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
【例题2】（2016·全国卷III）Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create)special designs.
【答案】to create
【解析】考查非谓语动词（该句已经有谓语动词combine，所以用非谓语），根据位置和句意，应该用不定式表示目的。“熟练工人也把硬木和金属结合在一起，来创造出特殊的设计”
【即学即用】
I was the first Western TV reporter________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
My ambassadorial duties will include _____(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely (bring) your work home.
whatever it is, (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
Truly elegant chopsticks might (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.
【答案】
1.permitted
2.including
3.to bring
4.make
5.be made
【要点2】语法填空---对所填空部分词性的判断
对于设空部分词性的判断是语法填空的关键所在，判断依据就是根据设空部分的上下文。一般有已下几种常见的变化：动词（或形容词）变名词；形容词变副词；名词变复数；名词变形容词，代词变化等
【例题1】 (2016·全国卷III)Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which46 (gradual)turned into chopsticks.
【答案】gradually
【解析】所给词是形容词，该空后面是动词，所以用副词修饰动词（。。逐渐变成筷子）
【例题2】(2016全国卷III）Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,...,influenced the48 (develop)of chopsticks.
【答案】development
【解析】the后面一般接名词，所以变成development
【例题3】(2016·全国卷II)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of 61 (great)and less importance.
【答案】greater
【解析】根据空后面的and可知前后是并列关系，后面使用比较级less，所以前面也使用比较级greater，且符合句意。
【即学即用】
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top_____(attract).
The title will be _____(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by ______ (it) mother.
The nursery team switches him every few ____( day) with his sister.
Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of (achieve).
【答案】
1.attraction 2.officially 3.its 4.days 5.achievement
【要点3】动词的时态在改错中的应用
动词的时态主要考查方向是在语法填空、改错和写作上。考查时一方面根据句子的时间状语进行分析判断，另一方面要根据上下文的翻译来完成。
【例题1】（2016年全国卷II）I thought that it is a good idea.
【答案】thought改为think
【解析】根据上下文都是现在时，故把过去时改为现在时
【例题2】（2017年全国I卷）Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank.
【答案】goes改为went
【解析】根据上下文都是过去时
【例题3】（2017年全国III卷） I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.
【答案】become改为became
【解析】根据上下文都是过去时。
【即学即用】
A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.
This morning she starts barking even before 5 o'clock.
Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky
They were looked like rain!
【答案】
telling改为told 2.starts改为started 3.was改为were 4.were删掉
【要点4】动词的时态在语法填空中的应用
【例题1】（2016年全国卷II）Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 63 (be) often acceptable.
【答案】is
【解析】动名词作主语时谓语用单数，且上下文都是现在时
【例题2】（2017年全国卷II） Later, engineers ____68___(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube.
【答案】managed
【解析】根据上下文都是过去时
【例题3】（2017年全国卷III）But at the moment, school 69 (come) first.
【答案】comes
【解析】根据上下文都是现在时。
【即学即用】
1.A boy on a bike _______ (catch ) my attention.
2.It ____（be）unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.
3.It was raining lightly when I____(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.
4.Yangshuo____(be) really beautiful.
【答案】
1.caught 2.was 3.arrived 4.is
【要点5】动词的时态在写作中的应用
【例题1】（翻译）在你的上封信中，你说你对汉语感兴趣
【答案】In your last letter，you said you are interested in Chinese.
【解析】根据句意“上一封信”，应该指代过去时，但也要注意过去时与现在时交叉使用（对汉语感兴趣是现在的状态），所以从句仍然使用现在时。
【例题2】（翻译）在过去的两年里，我一直努力地学习汉语口语。
【答案】In the past two years,I have been learning the oral Chinese .
【解析】本句话中的时间状语“在过去的两年里”，是一段持续性时间状语，可以与现在完成进行时连用，强调动作持续进行。
【即学即用】
明天我乘坐的飞机将在上午十点起飞。
直到他摘下眼镜我才认出他来。
随着时间的推移我已经学会了很多中文表达。
【答案】
1.The plane that I will take takes off at 10 o’clock tomorrow morning.
2.I didn’t recognize him until he took off his glasses.
3.As time goes by, I have grasped a lot of Chinese expressions
五、模块自测
【语法填空】
（一）Helping a person forget something is rarely easy,especially if the "something" is hurtful or negative.Use some simple techniques to distract from the issue and 61 (hope) with time,the.person won't be able to remember 62 he is supposed to forget.
Remove all the items that may bring back the memory.Any small object can jog a memory,so carefully replace any photos,diaries or any other 63 (person) objects or presents with new items.
Change the subject whenever your friend brings it up.Don't do this in 64 obvious way because this is annoying, but do it without his awareness of your 65 (intend).Tell some 66 (amuse) stories or talk about important and happy events in your friend's life such as a new nephew or a work promotion.
Occupy him with 67 (activity) and appointments.Keeping him too busy 68 (think) about the past helps him see a positive light.Create a full schedule and introduce new things and experiences,such as a cooking class,which require concentration.
Be patient and allow time to get over things.It is often a long time 69 your friend fully removes that memory,so don't 70 (disappoint)if it doesn't happen immediately.（2017成都三诊）
（二）The results of the exam were released and 61 (fortunate) I failed. I feel very bad.
I began to think about 62 reasons. In the past months, I kept thinking that there was still much time and told 63 (I) to take it easy. When I wanted to play games or watch movies, I told myself that 64 (watch) these videos could be good for my study. I also believed that I was 65 (smart) than others. Day 66 day. I kept finding excuse. No pains, no gains. No one can easily get success because nothing is deserved, and we must try to gain it.
I can’t forgive myself. I could 67 (work) harder without watching movies, shopping, or hiking in the forests. And I should also have concentrated more on the 68 (book) when studying, without daydreaming.
No matter 69 regretful I am, I have to face the reality. But a lesson should 70 (learn) from this. “You have a dream, you got to protect it”—no matter how much effort you have to pay.（安徽省“皖南八校”2017届高三第三次联考）
（三）My first insight into the Myanmarese people’s respect for elephants came from Ma Lwin, a shopkeeper in a farming village in the western Bago Mountains. It was late afternoon when I arrived,
61 (cover) in sand after a long motorcycle ride. Inside Ma Lwin’s bamboo house, she offered me hot tea and scolded me for traveling through 62 (danger) elephant territory（领地）.
Back when the mountains were covered in forest, she told me, elephants and people had lived 63 harmony. But now that their habitat（栖息地）was being cut and burned down for rubber plantations, the elephants were forced 64 (walk) long distances searching for food, sometimes threatening farmers in the fields. Even 65 , the farmers told me they loved the elephants.
That was the beginning of months spent 66 (journey) through forests and villages to document the 67 (connect) between people and elephants. During my time there, children in camps played alongside elephants used for logging（采运作业）; one day park rangers（护林员）led me to 68 elephant giving birth.
Development often 69 (give) us the excuse to destroy the environment. As a result, the elephant population has dropped 70 (great). But observing so many people’s high regard for elephants in Myanmar gives me hope that they won’t be left behind.（2017年大庆实验中学高三英语得分训练）
【答案】
（一）61.hopefully 62.what 63.personal 64.an 65.intention
66.amusing 67.activities 68.to think 69.before 70.be disappointed
（二）61. unfortunately 62. the 63. myself 64. watching 65. smarter
66. after/by 67. have word 68. books 69. how 70. be learnt/learned
（三）61.covered 62. dangerous 63.in 64.to walk 65.so
66.journeying 67.connection(s) 68.an 69.gives 70.greatly
【动词的时态】
— (do) you call that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?
— Yes. They are happy with it.(2017北京)
People (have) better access to health care than they used to , and they’re living longer as a result.（2017北京）
I (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.（2017天津）
He’s been informed that he (not qualify) for the scholarship because of his academic background.（2017江苏）
The publication of Great Expectations, which (be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’s status as a leading novelist.（2017江苏）
Jack (wok) in the lab when the power cut occurred.（2016北京）
—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?
— The new Star Wars. We (wait)here for more than two hours.（2016北京）
I (read) half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.（2016北京）
Dashan, who (learn) crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.（2016江苏）
Silk (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100BC.（2016浙江）
【答案】1.Did 2.have 3.was driving 4.doesn’t qualify 5.was 6.was working 7.have been waiting 8.have read 9.has been learning 10.had become
2019年高三二轮复习--语法填空的解题技巧及训练+动词时态的复习（2）
一、课程介绍
知识点
1.归纳讲解语法填空的解题技巧（2）---不给词填空（盲填）的解题技巧
2.重点语法: 动词的时态语态（2）---动词的语态及其应用
教学重点
1.如何确定所填空部分的词性
2.被动语态的判断依据及考点
教学难点
如何判断部分没有被动语态的动词
二、要点回顾
语法填空
Jonny: Hey! I'm just practicing Tai Chi(太极).Would you like to join me?
Peter: I know nothing about it. Is it difficult?
Jonny: It seems easy, but you need a lot of practice. You just follow me like this.
Peter: OK. Don't laugh 61 me. I may look funny.
Jonny: Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and 62 (soft). Try to keep your body straight. Move slowly , then be sure to keep your balance and don't let your body shake.
Peter: I cannot control my body well. My legs become 63 (pain)
Jonny: Keep 64 (hold) your position for a while .It helps develop your strength and flexibility .Raise your leg and let 65 stay in the air for seconds.
Peter: I feel my legs shaking . I cannot do this any longer.
Jonny: Be patient! Tai Chi 66 (call)“shadow boxing" in English. It asks you to act like water: to be flexible as well 67 strong. In real competition, a TaiChi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back. The 68 (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!
Peter: Unbelievable! Oh..., 69 you don't mind, I'll stop and take a deep 70 .
【答案】
61.at 62.Softly 63.painful 64.holding 65.it
is called 67.as 68.harder 69.if 70.breath
（注意）66题在判断时必须考虑到时态语态
三、知识精要
1.语法填空的解题思路（二）
题型II：不给词填空（或称为盲填。每空只填一个词）
连词：
并列连词：and，but，or，so
从属连词（引导从句的连词）：that，what，which，who，when，how等
2.冠词：
（1）根据翻译：a/an“一个”，the“这个，那个，这些，那些”
（2）固定搭配：如in the 1990s，等
3.介词：同样从翻译和搭配入手
4.代词：主要填人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词
2.语法
动词时态和语态（二）
注意：时态语态的考查一方面要从时间状语入手，另一方面要从上下文翻译及语境入手
时态语态的考查方向：语法填空、改错、写作
本讲主要讲解动词的语态
考点聚焦
2、被动语态考查要点简述
被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语只也有用get / become + 过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。
（1）使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。
①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.
I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.
②主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。
The boss made him work all day long./He was made to work all day long(by the boss)
③短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。
The children were taken good care of (by her).
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
④情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。
⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：
People say he is a smart boy.
It is said that he is a smart boy.
He is said to be a smart boy.
People know paper was made in China first.
It is known that paper was made in China first.
Paper was known to be made in China first.
类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …
（2）不能用被动语态的几种情况。
①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。
②表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。
③表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。
④表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。
⑤宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
⑥宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。
⑦有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。
（3）主动形式表被动意义。
①当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。
This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。These novels won’t sell well.这些小说不畅销。
My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。The door won’t lock.门锁不上。
The fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。
②当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。
The plan worked out successfully./The lamps on the wall turn off.
③want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。
④be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
⑤在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。
This kind of water isn’t fit to drink./The girl isn’t easy to get along with.
另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。
（4）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。
①be seated坐着
He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。
②be hidden躲藏
He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在门后。
③be lost迷路④be drunk喝醉⑤be dressed穿着The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.
（5）被动语态与系表结构的区别
被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如：
The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态)
四、要点讲练
【要点1】语法填空---填并列连词
这时设空部分的前后是等同的成分，可能是两个句子，也可能是两个词或短语，也可能是固定搭配，如either...or ,neither...nor,both...and, not only...but also 等
【例题1】
(2016·全国卷III)In much of Asia,especially the so-called“rice bowl” cultures of China,Japan,Korea,41 Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
【答案】and
【解析】通过空的前后可知，前后都是国家名，再根据意思判断，表示并列关系，所以填and
【例题2】
(2016·四川卷) It was time for her to have a new baby,50 it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
【答案】and
【解析】通过空的前后可知，前后都是简单句，再根据意思判断，表示并列关系，所以填and
【例题3】
(2017·东北三省四市高三第一次联合考试) Doctors and researchers can see it happening, 70 they cannot provide description of why it started.
【答案】but
【解析】该句主要根据前后意思来判断，医生和研究者能够观察到它正在发生，但是他们无法解释它开始的原因
【即学即用】
用适当的并列连词填空
1．My name is Robert， most of my friends call me Bob for short．
2．It was raining hard， ，the peasants went on with their work．
3．—I don’t like reading watching TV．What about you?
—I don’t like reading all day， I 1ike watching TV plays
【答案】
1.but 2.however 3.or，but
【要点2】语法填空---填从属连词
从属连词的判断一方面看结构，另一方面看句意。首先判断从句的类型（定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句），然后判断引导词的使用。
【例题1】
(2017·广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试二) During the week , Mark works in his high-class salon,but each Sunday, he walks around the city asking people 42 they’d like a haircut.
【答案】whether/if
【解析】通过句子语境可知，Mark周一至周五在高级美发厅上班，每个周日就在市区到处走走，问人们是否需要理发。Whether/if引导宾语从句，意为是否。
【例题2】
(2017湖北省七市州教科研协作体高三4月联合考试)__68___working at CCTV, he was hardworking and modest as well.
【答案】while/when
【解析】考查状语从句，while/when引导，表示当 ...时候。
【例题3】
(2017·全国卷I卷) Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.
【答案】which
【解析】该句主要考查非限定性定语从句。
【例题4】
(2017·全国卷III卷) But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty。
【答案】who
【解析】该句主要考查定语从句，who指人，在句子中做主语。
【即学即用】
1．I can still remember the sitting room my mother and I used to sit in the evening．
2．The problem is we don’t have enough money.
3．1’ll never forget the place I visited ten years ago.
4． we all know，oil and water don’t mix up．
5．All is needed is a Supply of oil．
6．I didn’t know or not he had arrived in Wuhan.
7. they are most interested in is they can produce more and better cars．
【答案】
1.where 2.that 3.which/that 4.As 5.that 6.whether 7.what/that
【要点3】 语法填空---填代词
代词主要可填人称代词、物主代词、不定代词、指示代词、反身代词，填代词的判断一方面是根据意思，另一方面是根据固定搭配。
【例题1】（2017年全国II卷）However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using___67__ every day.
【答案】it
【解析】it用来代替前面的railway
【例题2】（2016年四川卷） By that time,the panda no longer needed 48 (it)mother for food.
【答案】its
【解析】根据句意“熊猫不再需要它的妈妈”，故用its
【例题3】（2015年广东卷）Now it occurred to ___25___ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
【答案】him
【解析】根据句式sth occur to sb，某人突然想到某事，可知填him。“现在，他知道他的农场有许多潜力，他奶牛的死并不是坏事”
【即学即用】
1．At the time neither country allowed the to open any companies on its land．
2．—Have you read through the two books he lent you last week?
—No， of them is easy to read．
3．I hate when people talk with their mouths full．
4．The class are busy preparing lessons for a test．
5．—Would you care for tea or coffee?
— ，thank you．I’ve just had some tea．
6． of them knew about the plan because it was k。pt a secret．
7. —Have you finished your report yet?
—No，I’ll finish it in ten minutes．
【答案】
1.other 2. neither 3.it 4.their 5.neither 6.none 7.another
【要点4】语法填空---填介词
介词主要从搭配和基本词义入手
【例题1】 （2017年全国III卷）After school she plans to take a year off to model full time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture.
.【答案】in
【解析】根据句意，在某方面获得学位用in
【例题2】（2016年四川卷）The mother continued to care for the young panda 47 more than two years.
【答案】for
【解析】一段时间用介词for
【例题3】（2015陕西卷）I got a place next ____64___ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.
【答案】to
【解析】next to是固定搭配，“挨着”
【即学即用】
1．We offered him our congratulations his passing the college entrance exams．
2．Let’s walk over the sun.
3．This article is quite me．There are too many new words.
4．We can’t feel that we are going forward as everything us is moving the same speed．
5．It’s so nice to go out for a walk a cool nice summer evening．
6．He decided to look the matter himself.
7. I ran an old friend of mine yesterday，whom I hadn’t seen for ages．
【答案】
1.on 2.in 3.beyond 4.round、at 5.on 6.into 7.across
【要点5】语法填空---填冠词
冠词也要从词义（a/an一个 the这个、那个；这些、那些）入手，也考查固定搭配问题
【例题1】（2017年全国卷I卷）As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. 【答案】a
【解析】as a result,由于这个结果，因此的意思，固定结构
【例题2】（2017全国卷III卷） she is earning $6500 a day as 62 model in New York.
【答案】a
【解析】作为一个纽约的模特，可数名词前a表示一个
【例题3】（2017年全国卷II卷）This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over___64___ top.
【答案】the
【解析】根据句意在顶部要用the
【即学即用】
1．The party last night was success．we sang and danced until it came to end at twelve．
2．He served in the army in 1980s when he was in twenties.
3．—Do you know who invented telephone?
—No，but it is really most useful invention．
4．—Do you like the novels?
—I don’t like either of them．Please show me third one．
5．Your uncle must have X- ray examination．
【答案】
1.a、an 2.the、his 3.the、a 4.a 5.an
【要点6】 被动语态在语法填空中的应用
被动语态可应用于语法填空中。主要判断步骤是：首先判断是谓语还是非谓语，然后判断时态、语态
【例题1】（2017全国卷I卷）When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food
【答案】are?removed?
【解析】该空应为谓语动词，根据上下文及翻译可判断是一般现在是的被动语态。“当脂肪和盐分从食物当中被移除”
【例题2】(2016·全国卷I)I_____62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.
【答案】was allowed
【解析】首先考查谓语动词还是非谓语动词（因为该动词在主语I之后，同时句子中没有谓语动词）。根据上下文句意，“我被允许。。。”所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
【例题3】（2017全国卷III卷）Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year.
【答案】has been told/was told
【解析】根据上下文此处应为谓语动词，一般过去时，且翻译为被动，所以填has been told/was told
【即学即用】
1．—Have you moved into the new house? —Not yet．The rooms (paint)．
2．I need one more stamp before my collection______(completed)．
3．I promise that the matter will______(take)care of.
4．The maths problem can ______(work)out.
5．Every possible means______(try),but none proves successful.
【答案】
1.is being painted 2. is completed 3.be taken 4.be worked 5.has been tried
【要点7】 被动语态在改错中的应用
被动语态可在改错中体现，主要从翻译入手。具体的改法有删be动词和加be动词。
【例题1】（2015年全国卷I）Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.
【答案】去掉been
【解析】根据句意“许多研究表明。。。”，而不是“被表明。。。”
【例题2】（2016年四川卷）Mom was grateful and moving.
【答案】moving改为moved
【解析】根据句意“妈妈很感激并且感到感动”，moving表示主动含义，而该句表示被动
【例题3】（2017年全国卷III） About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school
【答案】took改为taken
【解析】根据原句的句子结构是被动，故动词应变成过去分词形式
【即学即用】
The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden you view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.
【答案】
1.how改为what 2.chose改为choose 3.take改为taking 4.but改为and 5.world前加the
6.your改为our 7.knowledges改为knowledge 8.can改为should或删掉
9.thought改为think 10.many改为much
五、模块自测
【语法填空】
（一）Xiaolongbao is a type of steamed bun (baozi) from the Jiangnan region of China, especially associated with Shanghai and Wuxi. It is traditionally prepared in xiaolong, small bamboo steaming baskets, 61 give it its name. Xiaolongbao 62 (refer) to as a kind of "dumpling", but should not be confused with British or American-style dumplings 63 with Chinese jiaozi. 64 (similar), it is considered a kind of "soup dumpling" but should not be confused with other 65 (large) varieties of tang bao.
Shanghai-style xiaolongbao originated in Nanxiang, a suburb of Shanghai in Jiading District. The 66 (invent) of xiaolongbao sold it in 67 (he) first store in Nanxiang next to the town's notable park, Guyi Garden. From there the xiaolongbao expanded 68 downtown Shanghai and outward.
Traditionally, xiaolongbao is a kind of snack. It is usually steamed on a bed of dried 69 (leaf) or paper mat. It is usually dipped in Zhenjiang vinegar with ginger slivers. It forms part of a traditional Jiangnan-style morning tea. In Guangdong and the West, it is sometimes served as a dish during Cantonese tea time. 70 (freeze) xiaolongbao is now mass-produced and sold worldwide.(江西省重点中学协作体2017届高三第二次联考)
（二）Many fourth graders would panic in an emergency situation, 61 one Pennsylvania nine - year - old is being called a hero after discovering a 62 (die') man and knowing exactly what to do to save his life. This past Friday, Owen Sambol 63 (head) home, from school on a cold, snowy day when he heard a faint noise that sounded like someone crying for help. 64 hesitating, he ran behind the house to see where it was coming from and discovered 65 man lying face down in the snow.
The little boy tried his 66 (hard) to pull the man up, but he wasn't strong enough. Instead of panicking, he told the man he would get his mother, 67 is afire-fighter, and come right back for him. Mom Ashley Sambol called 911 right away, then pulled the man up and carried him into her home because she was afraid he had hypothermia（低体温）after 68 (leave)in the snow for so long.
“I take 69 (proud)in him," Ashley said about her son, who stayed calm and saved a life that afternoon.” Had he been out there any longer and who knows.’’ 70 (thank), the man was rescued just in time and is now healing in the hospital.(2017年河南省六市高三第二次联考)
（三）The first day of college can be stressful for a freshman; 61 , one Texas girl, Melanic Salazar, had her grandpa for company, 62 (relieve) her stress.
The teenager’s grandpa, 82-year-old Rene Neira, is studying 63 an associate degree in economics at the college. He expects to obtain his degree after this semester.
Neira 64 (study) economics for as long as Salazar can remember. She felt it was 65
(total) normal to attend the same college as him.
The 18-year-old was therefore surprised that an article she published of her and her grandpa spread very quickly. “It’s awesome to know how something 66 seems so normal to me is so out of the ordinary to everyone else,” Salazar said.
Salazar, who is studying for a liberal arts major, said her grandpa is popular due to his down-to-earth nature. 67 is the first to make a joke with classmates, despite being decades 68 (old) than most of them. “I think people are attracted by him just 69 this is an everyday person—
70 82-year-old person who isn’t giving up on his education. He’s determined to get his degree,” Salazar said.(长春吉大附中实验学校2016—2017学年下学期高三年级第七次摸底考试)
【答案】
（一）61. which 62. is referred 63. nor 64. Similarly 65. larger
66. inventor 67. his 68. into 69. leaves 70. Frozen
（二） 61. yet/but 62. dying 63. was heading 64. Without 65. a
66. hardest 67. who 68. being left/having been left 69. pride 70.Thankfully
（三）61. however 62. relieving 63. for 64. has been studying 65.totally
66. that 67. He 68. older 69. because 70. an
【动词的语态】
1．If city noises from increasing，people shout to be heard even at the dinner table．
are not kept；will have to B．are not kept；have to
C．do not keep；will have to D．do not keep；have to
2．In some parts of the world，tea with milk and sugar.
A．is serving B．is severed C．serves D．served
3．—Do you like the material? —Yes，it very soft．
A．is feeling B．felt C．feels D．is felt
4．It is reported that by the end of this year，another school will ．
A．be built B．have built C．have been built D．have be built
5．All the preparations for the task ，and we’re ready to start．
A．completed B．complete C．had been completed D．have been completed
6．Both my brothers work at the power station that at my home town．
A．has set up B．has been set up C．was set up D．is set up
7．Linda has 1ost her passport again．It’s the second time this ．
A．has happened B．has been happened C．happened D．happens
8．—Have you moved into the new house? —Not yet．The rooms ．
A．are being painted B．are painting C．are painted D．are being painting
9．—We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time．— What do you suppose to her?
A．was happening B．to happen C．has happened D．having happened
10．—Do you know our town at all? —No，this is the first time I here．
A．was B．have been C．came D．am coming
【答案】1-5 BBCCD 6-10 BAACB
