2019年中考二轮语法专题复习课件——名词

英语语法--名词


毕业班专用
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.She is a good ______(cook).
2.He likes to eat______(apple)and______(potato).
3.In her______(speak), she mentioned her family.
4.As students, we should try to get more_______ to build our motherland.
5.Tomas Edison is one of the greatest______ in the world.
6.She was so excited to receive a dozen of roses from her husband on______Day.
课前热身
cook
apples
potatoes
speech
knowledge
inventors
Women's
考点分析
名词考点：
1.名词的数（可数名词和不可数名词）
2.名词的所有格
考点讲解
考点精讲精析
考点一：可数名词

?可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，表示一个或多个。单个名词表示泛指，前面加a/an(元音因素的名词开头其前加an;反之则用a)。如：an ungly man, a useful book。复数形式通常加-s/-es。如：books, classes。
可数名词复数形式分规则变化和不规则变化。


1.规则变化
1）一般情况下在词尾直接加-s 。如：cap-caps ; star-stars
2）以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es。如：bus-buses;
box-boxes
3）部分以-f,-fe结尾的名词，把-f,-fe改为-v,再加-es。
如：self-selves; life- lives
4）以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，把-y改为-i再加-es。
如：baby-babies; party-parties
5）四个以-o结尾的名词，其复数加-es。它们分别是：Negro黑人，
hero英雄，potato马铃薯，tomato西红柿。
可巧记为：黑人英雄喜欢吃马铃薯和西红柿。
1）表示国民的词：
① 以-ese结尾，单复数同形。如Chinese, Japanese
②以-an结尾，直接加-s。如American-Americans; Australian-Australians
③以-man结尾，变man为men。如Frenceman-Frencemen; Englishman-Englishmen



2.不规则变化
2）复合名词
①复合名词中做定语的词为woman, man时，两个名次都要变为复数。如：woman doctor-women doctors; man teacher-men teachers
②复合名词中做定语的词为其他词时，只变后一个名词为复数。
如：apple tree-apple trees; girl friend-girl friends
3)特殊词
①改变中间的元音字母，如: foot-feet; tooth-teeth; man- men; woman-women.
②单复数同行：sheep; deer; fish; people; means
③其他特殊变化：mouse-mice; child- children


注意：
1）people作“人们”讲时，看作复数，不能再其后加-s，谓语动词要用复数形式；family,class是集体名词，即指单数，又指复数，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数，具体根据语境定。
2）有些名词以-s结尾，但表达的是单数意义，如:news,maths,politics,physics,the United States等。
3）常以复数形式出现的词，如:glasses， trousers，shoes，gloves,stocks,shorts等，要表达他们的量时，常要用pair，如:a pair of glasses/shoes等。

4）“the+姓氏复数”表示“一家人或夫妇二人”如:The Greens 格林一家/格林夫妇。
5）年份前面加the,后面加-s，表示年代，如:the 1980s,表示20世纪80年代。

巩固练习：
1.---How many_____ do you want?
---A kilo, please.
A.potato B.bread C.bananas D.milk
2.You can buy some flowers for_____.
A.woman teachers B.women teachers C.women teacher D.woman teacher
3.Those_____ are all from_____.
A.man docters;Japanese B.men docters;Japan C.man docters; Japan
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4.There are many_____ playing in the playground.
A.child B.children C.man teachers D.sheeps
5.There was a food accident in this primary school.
About 60_____ were ill, but no_____ were lost.
A.child;lives B.children;life C.children;lives D.child;life

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考点二：不可数名词
一般指物质名词（如meat, fish, chicken），抽象名词（如food, air,weather），专有名词（如England）等，没有复数形式，其前不能用冠词a/an修饰。
不可数名词量的表示
1）可以借助一个量词来表达，其结构为“数词/冠词＋量词＋of＋不可数名词”。常见的量词有：piece(张；片；块), pair(双；对), cup(茶杯), glass(玻璃杯), kind(种), bowl(碗), drop(滴), box(箱), bottle(瓶), bag(袋), kilo(千克)等。


如：两碗米饭________________
四瓶水__________________一则新闻________________
2）不可数名词前可以用much, little, a little, a lot of/ lots of, some, any等词表示量。
3）常见的不可数名词有：water(水), advice(建议), furniture(家具), fun(乐趣), homework(作业), information(信息), paper(纸), suger(糖), work(工作), fruit(水果), news(新闻), progress(进步), traffic(交通), trouble(麻烦), weather(天气), wealth(财富), value(价值), money(钱)等。
two bowls of rice
four bottles of water
a piece of news
巩固练习：
1.---Would you like something to drink, girl?
---Yes,_____,please.
A.two cup of coffee B.two pieces of bread
C.two cups of coffee D.two hamburgers
2.Three fourths of the _____ in the country have run out.
A.water B.book C.forests D.news
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3.Mr.Smith is a teacher full of _____. Yesterday he told us his _____ in the U.S.
A.experience;experience B.experiences;experiences
C.experience;experiences D.experiences;experience
4.Look! The kites in the sky are in different _____. Some are big and some are small.
A. size B.sizes C.colour D.colours
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考点三：名词的所有格
1）表示有生命的名词的所有格
①在单数名词后加 “-'s”。如：the teacher's home; Jack's book
②以-s结尾的复数名词后只加 “ ' ”。如：boys'game; teachers' office
③以s结尾的单数名词，通常仍加“-'s ”。如：the boss's office
④不以–s结尾的复数名词后要加“-'s”。如:the Children’s Palace; the People’s Republic of China

⑤用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有时，只需要在后面一个并列名词词尾加“-'s”;如果不是，则需要在各个并列名词后面分别加上“-'s”。如: John and Mary's house(他们两人共有的房子）;John's and Mary's house(他们两人分别自己的房子）。

⑥双重所有格:在表示所属的名词前有冠词，数次，不定代词或指示代词(如a,some,this等）时，用“of+名词所有格”或“of+名词性物主代词”来表示所属关系。如:我父亲的一个朋友 a friend of my father's=one of my father's friend
2）表示没有生命的名词的所有格
1）一般用“of +名词”表示。如:the door of the house

2）表示时间，距离，长度，重量，价格等的所有格要用"'s"来表示。如:two pound's weight(两磅的重量); a boat' lenght(一条船的长度)
注意：有些名词要用to来表示所有格。如：the key to the door(门的钥匙); the key to the question(问题的关键); the answer to the question（问题的答案）等。
巩固练习：
1.After_____ talk, thet decided to buy a new flat with a large sitting room.
A.two hour B.two hours'
C.two-hours D.two hours
2.Times magazine says that smart Lego has become one of _____ favorite toys.
A. child B. children C. children’s
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3. —_____ is coming. What can I get for my mother?
—What about a scarf?
A. Women’s Day B. Woman’s Day C. Womens’ Day
4. —_____ fathers didn’t come to the meeting. Why?
—Because they have gone to Beijing.
A. Jeff’s and Amy’s B. Jeff and Amy
C. Jeff’s and Amy D. Jeff and Amy’s
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【中考链接】

1. —What a good _____ you’ve given me! Thanks a lot.
—My pleasure.
A. information B. news C. suggestion D. advice
(2017 山东滨州)
2. There are a lot of _____ on the grassland. _____ sheep-dog is sitting next to them.
A. sheep; The B. sheep; A C. sheeps; The D. sheeps; A
(2017 甘肃兰州)

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3.Daniel has tried to lose_____ by eating less recently, but two kilos has been put on instead.
A.weight B.weights C.height D.heights
（ 2017年广东）
4.The New Silk Road will offer a good_____ for nations to communicate.
A.chance B.habit C.question D.price
(2017年安徽)

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5.---Mom,please give me two_____. I want to make vegetable salad.
---OK.Here you are.
A.tomato B.tomatos C.tomatoes D.potatos
(2017年邵阳)
6.The online shop sells_____ shoes at a very low price.
A.child and men's B.children and men's
C.children's and men's D.children's and men
(2017年天水)

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7. —What kind of noodles would you like?
—I’d like some _______ noodles.
A. carrots B. beef
C. potatoes D. vegetables
(2016 辽宁丹东)
8. Each couple in China can have two _____ from January 1st, 2016.
A. boy B. girl
C. children D. child
(2016 云南昆明)

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9. —I’m told your class has 3 new comers.
—Yes. One is a _____, the other two are _____.
A. Japan; Germany
B. Japanese; German
C. Japanese; Gemans
D. Japanese; Germen
(2015 湖北黄石)

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10. Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous _____ in American _____.
A. symbol; culture
B. symbol; cultures
C. symbols; culture
D. symbols; cultures
(2015 广东)

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11. The broken _______ may cut into your hand if you touch it. You should be careful.
A. glass B. glasses C. candle D. candles
(2016 广东 )
12. Did the policeman give much _____ on how to protect personal information?
A. note B. tip C. advice D. book
(2017 上海)
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