2019高考英语阅读理解解题技巧导学案

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2019高考英语阅读理解解题技巧导学案

年 级 高三 学 科 英语 版 本 人教实验版
内容标题 高中阅读理解题型及解题技巧
编稿老师

【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容:
高中阅读理解题型及解题技巧

二. 教学目标:
1、掌握阅读题中五大题型
2、结合练习掌握解题技巧

三. 教学重难点:
如何根据阅读理解题考查角度的不同,采用不同的解题技巧
1. 细节理解
2. 猜测词义
3. 推理判断
4. 主旨大意
5. 观点态度

阅读理解专项复习(一)
一、高考命题趋向及规律
1. 语篇选材多为时文,题材多样化,信息丰富。
2. 坚持把阅读技能作为考查目标。
3. 语篇的字数逐年增加,加强对考生阅读速度的要求。
4. 增加了生词量,加大了推断词义能力的考查。
5. 考点分布格局恰当,试题设计合理,干扰项编制水平高
6. 语篇逻辑上经得起推敲,而且在“深度”上也达到较高层次。

二、阅读策略
1. 先看题干,带着问题读文章
2. 速读全文,了解大意知主题
3. 详读细节,理顺思路与文章脉络
4. 逻辑推理,做好深层理解题
5. 猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎
6. 巧用排除法答题,注意检验答案

三、解题技巧
我们可将阅读理解题归纳为以下五大题型,根据阅读理解题考查角度的不同,采用不同的解题技巧来应对。
(一)细节理解:本类试题主要考查学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人(who)、物(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(cause)、结果(effect)、文中的数据(data)等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考查这些细节。
常见的提问形式有:
1. According to the passage, who/ what/ which/ when/ where / why / how/ how many/how much/ how long/ how soon/ how often, etc.?
2. According to the passage, which of the following is true/ not true?
3. According to the passage, Which of the following is not mentioned ?
4. All of the following are true EXCEPT ___.
5. In the passage the writer states that ____.
6. Choose the best order in which the people do________.
此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到,但不可能与阅读材料一模一样。

SampleⅠ
This huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road,which is on the top of the dam. This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside. … …This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936. Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States. Hoover Dam,one of the highest dams in the world,is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.
Hoover Dam lies ______.
A. between Arizona and Nevada 
B. in the Black Canyon
C. between New York and San Francisco
D. both A and B
(D)

SampleⅡ
Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991,Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old,Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However,it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station.
Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.
B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.
C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.
D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.
(B)

SampleⅢ
Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions ,which are a main cause of global warming . “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluan to live there,”
Laupepa told the BBC. Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not .
A. agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions
B. sign an agreement with Tuvalu
C. allow Tuvaluans to move to the US
D. believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real
(故意用与原文中一模一样的词来迷惑考生)
(A)

SampleⅣ
Tuition Fees(学费)
Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For further information: tui @ waikato. ac. nz. Accommodation(住宿)You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: acc@ waikato. ac. nz
You have to pay at least ______ a year if you study at the University of Waikato.
A. $5,250 B. $8,000
C. $9,000 D. $11,000
$5000(学费)+$100(住宿费)×12(months)+$150(生活费)×12=$8000.
(B)

(二)猜测词义:这类题旨在考查学生根据上下文对灵活变化的词义做出理解判断的能力。
常见的提问形式有:
1. The word “…” in line … means/can be best replaced by …
2. As used in the passage, the phrase “…” suggests…
3. From the passage, we can infer that he word/phrase “…” is/refers to …
4. The word “…” is closest in meaning to …

技巧1:根据解释确定词义
1. Social mobility is the movement from one class or level of living to another. 社会流动性
2. The other questioned the veracity--– the truthfulness of these reports.真实性
3. He is a resolute man, once he sets up a goal, he will not give it up easily. 坚决的
4. He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks. 变戏法者

技巧2:根据对比确定词义
In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. 一片混乱

技巧3:根据逻辑确定词义
If you are capable of working twelve hours a day without a rest, and if you can engage in physical exercise for hours without seeming to get tired, then you are indefatigable. 不知疲倦的

技巧4:根据上下文情景确定词义
Sample Ⅰ
Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year: equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year.
The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph means___.
A. cleaning up B. taking in
C. wiping out D. giving out
(B)

SampleⅡ.
Ali showed the class a picture of him, his wife,and their baby. Pierre’s family has lived in the east of Canada for two hundred years. Their ancestors came from France.
A. family members from a long time ago
B. grandparents and their grandchildren
C. parents, grandparents and great-grandparents
D. family members all living at the same time
(C)

【模拟试题】(答题时间:60分钟)
【预测热点一】科技类
  “嫦娥一号”的成功发射显示了中国科技的飞速发展,这无疑是各大报纸、杂志报道的热点,更是高考命题者命题的热点。
  China to Launch 1st Lunar Probe Chang’e I This Year
  China says the launch of its first lunar probe Chang’e I is just around the corner. Chinese scientists made the announcement on Wednesday, saying the satellite would be launched in the second half of this year.
  Since China announced the project in 2004, the country’s first lunar exploration project has drawn world-wide attention. Now, China’s space scientists say the satellite is ready for lift off.
Ouyang Ziyuan, chief scientist, China’s lunar exploration project, said, “Preparations for the satellite, rocket, ground control and data reception are ready for the exploration. We will be able to launch the probe the second half of this year.”
  The probe’s operational orbit has already been decided on. Chang’e I is scheduled to enter the moon’s orbit after a nearly 400 000-kilometer journey in space. And a committee of over 100 space experts has also been established for the project. The scientists have agreed to share the data sent back by Chang’e I on the lunar environment.
  Ouyang Ziyuan said, “We will make a 3D map of the moon and research the distribution of lunar elements, lunar soil thickness and the moon’s surface environment.”
  Ouyang Ziyuan says Chang’e I will be carried by a Long March A3 carrier rocket for its launch. This is scheduled to take place at the Xi’Chang Satellite Launch Center.
 1. What does the underlined words “around the corner” in the first paragraph mean?
  A. in the corner B. on the way C. in the way D. at the corner
 2. When did China announce the project?
  A. In the second half of this year. B. In 2004.
  C. In the first half of this year. D. In 2008.
 3. How long will Chang’e I travel before it enters the moon’s orbit?
  A. 300 000 kilometers. B. 400 000 meters.
  C. 400 000 000 meters. D. 5 000 000 kilometers.
 4. What will Chang’e I do in space?
  A. It will just circle around the moon.
  B. It will make a 2D map of the moon and research the distribution of lunar elements.
  C. It will send the TV signals to make our life more colorful.
  D. It will make a 3D map of the moon and do some research about the moon.
 5. Which one is TRUE?
  A. The committee is made up of less than 100 space experts.
  B. It is scheduled to launch at the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.
  C. The data sent back by Chang’e I will be shared by the scientists.
  D. Chang’e I will be carried by a Long March B3 carrier rocket for its launch.

【预测热点二】奥运专题类
  Beijing to Hold Olympic Cultural Activities
  Beijing Olympic organizers say the city will hold a variety of Olympic cultural activities between June and September. This is an attempt to provide an opportunity for both domestic and overseas tourists to experience the combination of Olympic and Chinese cultures.
  The officials released schedule of the activities at a coordination meeting Thursday.
  Zhao Dongming is with the Beijing Olympic organizing Committee. He said cultural activities are an important part of the sporting event.
  “The Olympic Games is a big international stage. It provides a broad platform to showcase the diversified cultures in China and across the world through various cultural activities. It promotes understanding of China and Beijing.”
  Officials say the Olympic Cultural Square Program will be the core part of the city Olympic cultural activities. Over 100 squares in Beijing will be used as platforms for cultural shows and activities in the summer.
  Other cities, including Hong Kong, Shanghai and Tianjin will also have a variety of cultural activities in the run up to the Olympic Games.
 1. What is the main idea of this passage?
  A. 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.
  B. It shows us the importance of holding Olympic Games in China.
  C. Chinese people hold Cultural Activities in honor of Olympic Games.
  D. Chinese government tries to improve the transportation in the run up to the Olympic Games.
 2. Which city will not have a variety of cultural activities in the run up to the Olympic Games?
  A. Chongqing B. Beijing C. Tianjin D. Hong Kong
 3. What is the cultural magnificence of holding 2008 Olympic Games?
  A. It can help Chinese to make a lot of money.
  B. It will provide a broad platform to showcase the highly-developing economy in China and across the world.
  C. This is an attempt to provide an opportunity for both domestic and overseas tourists to experience the combination of Olympic and Chinese tourism.
  D. It will let people all over the word have a chance to experience Chinese various cultures.

【预测热点三】对生活有重大影响类
  China’s Housing Prices to Keep on Rising in 2008
  BEIJING, Jan. 11th(Xinhua),a report by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)predicted that housing prices in China would keep on rising this year and the increase rate would roughly equal that of 2007.
  The sale of residential buildings this year would hit 697.99 million square meters, up 2.24 percent year on year, according to the report on the prospects of the Chinese economy in 2008 released on Friday by the CAS forecasting center.
  The real estate market would maintain a “good momentum,” and investment in the property sector would reach 2.54 trillion yuan(about 347.5 billion yuan), the report said.
  The total floor space of “completed” buildings would drop 8.2 percent to 1.9 billion square meters in 2008, leading to a further dwindling of the housing supply, said the report, noting that the imbalance between supply and demand would be aggravated.
  From January to November of 2007, housing prices in 70 major Chinese cities jumped 7.3 percent year on year. Housing prices were up at a rate of 7.3 percent in November alone, a report by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(CASS)showed.
  The November rate was the highest monthly gain since July 2005 when the monthly housing price survey was started.
 1. What is the opinion of the writer in this passage?
  A. The writer thinks the prices of houses will go down.
  B. The writer thinks the prices of houses will go up.
  C. The writer thinks the prices of houses will keep stable.
  D. The writer just reports the facts and data objectively.
 2. How many square meters of residential buildings were sold in 2007?
  A. 697.99 million square meters. B. 347.5 million square meters.
  C. About 683 million square meters. D. It hasn’t been mentioned.
 3. What was the highest monthly gain since July 2005?
  A. 2.24 percent. B. 7.4 percent. C. 7.3 percent. D. 8.2 percent.


【试题答案】
【预测热点一】科技类
 1. 答案为B。根据第一段最后一句话可知“嫦娥一号”即将发射。
 2. 答案为B。时间细节的考查,从第二段第一句话可知答案。
 3. 答案为C。从第四段第二行可知答案。
 4. 答案为D。从第五段第一行可知答案。
5. 答案为C。细节考查,纵观全文,可知答案。

【预测热点二】奥运专题类
 1. 答案为C。新闻报道类的概括大意一定要注意对标题的理解和掌握。
 2. 答案为A。从第六段可得出天津、香港和北京都有文化活动,只有重庆没有。
 3. 答案为D。从文章的标题和第一段的最后一句话可知答案。

【预测热点三】对生活有重大影响类
 1. 答案为D。新闻报道要求客观报道事实。
 2. 答案为C。从第二自然段第一、二句,通过运算可知答案。
 3. 答案为C。从第五段的最后一句话和最后一段的第一句话可以推出答案