课件41张PPT。 Unit 5
Attributive Clause
定语从句Which one is Harry Porter? The boy __________________ is Harry Porter .who wears glasses He once worked as a volunteer. the story(that / which) you told just nowthat / which , which helped him a lot in finding the job. He once worked as a volunteer
. 定语从句就是限定本身指代不明的名词或代词且含有引导词的主谓结构。定义:在复合句中起____作用,修饰____或____
的从句。
1、被修饰的名词或代词叫______。
2、引导定语从句的词叫____________________。定语名词代词先行词关系词The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.先行词放置于名词或代词之_____,关系代词连接作用在从句中充当成分后The manwho lives next to uswho1.2. which, that, who, whom, whose(关系代词/关系副词)Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.先行词关系词定语从句which, who, whom whose, that; aswhere, when, why 定语从句限定性定语从句
The Restrictive Attributive Clause
非限定性定语从句
The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause
The boy who / that is standing there is my brother. 先行词本身指代不明时,用来限定先行词以明确其所指的从句,称限定性定语从句。 Beijing, where the 28th Olympics were held, is the capital of China. 先行词本身是专有名词或其它指代已明确的词语(通常表示独一无二的人/物),从句只起附加说明的作用,前面加逗号,可省略。二、用法: These are the trees which / that were planted last year.先
行
词
是
人关系代词:
who
whom
whose
that
which先行词是非人 These are the students who / that won the first place last year.that限定性定语从句主语宾语定语that/whothat/who(m)whosethat/which关系代词的用法小结whose指人的关系代词指物的关系代词主语宾语定语that/which主谓
一致主谓
一致1. 指人的引导词的用法① who 作定语从句的主语或宾语(非正式) Do you know the family who always quarrel among themselves?
I've become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year. (2010湖南)② whom 作定语从句的宾语,指人 Who is the person (whom) you admire most.
The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city. (2010浙江)
She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before. (2009宁夏、海南)whom在从句中可作动词宾语或介词宾语,指人。③ whose 作从句定语, 表示物主,用于人或物 The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination. (2011新课标)
The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. (2011四川)
Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. (2010北京)
That’s the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen. (2010山东)
The old temple whose roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. (2010陕西)
In China, the number of cities is increasing whose development is recognized across the world. (2010重庆) ④ that 可作从句的主语和宾语, 指人或物 The woman (whom / that) they wanted to visit is a teacher. The man who / that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.2. 指物的引导词的用法 which 同that一样, 作从句的主语或宾语但不用于人 。I like the book (which / that) you bought yesterday.This is a truck which / that is made in China.作主语作宾语 We are about to meet the delegation which is to arrive at the air port on time.
In our school, ours is a major class which consists of forty-five members.
She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students which allows them to communicate freely with each other.(2011福建)
Gun control is a subject about which Americans have argued for a long time. (2009陕西)③ everything, something, nothing, all, anything,
little, much等指事物不定代词作先行词时 I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault. (2010全国Ⅱ)② 先行词被every, some, no, all, any, little, much
等修饰时。 My mother was so proud of all that I had done that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do) (2010湖北) 3. 只能用that的情况① 序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时 Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known. This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.④ 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last
修饰时。This is the very book that belongs to him.⑤ 句首已有who或which时 Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?
Which is the machine that we used last Sunday.⑥ 当先行词同时指人和物时 I’ve never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now.
The speaker spoke of some writers and some books that were popular then. There are four desks in the middle of the office that are used for the teachers.⑦ 主句是there be句型时China isn’t the country that it used to be.
He is not the man that he used to be.⑧ 关系代词在从句中作表语时 This is the dictionary that was bought in the bookstore yesterday.⑨ 先行词是“be”后的表语时不用that的情况
① 引导非限定性定语从句时
② 紧接在介词后不能用
e. g. We depend on the land from which we get our food.
③ 先行词部分有that或those时作定语的关系代词的辨析用关系代词that,which,who,whom and whose填空。
1.That's the kind woman___________takes care of the children.
2.The nurse is speaking to the woman_______daughter is badly ill.
3.The trees__________ we planted five years ago have grown very big.
4.They walked up to a house__________had a red door.
5.Do you work in the building________color is yellow?
6.He is not the person ______________I am looking for.
7. He ___________does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. that/whowhosewhosethat/whichthat/whichthat/who/whomthat/who关系副词的用法when wherewhy先行词:地点先行词: the reason
= for which 先行词:表时间
成分:状语
= 介词+先行词
= 介词+which时间时间状语地点地点状语原因原因状语一、关系副词的用法关系副词引导定语从句时,
在定语从句中充当状语。关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词定语从句中充当状语when, where, why2. The places outside the towns where they
were sent to live were the poorest parts of
South Africa.
1. The day when Nelson Mandela helped me
was one of my happiest.when3. I don’t know the reason why he came so late. why时间状语地点状语原因状语where1. where 表示地点,只能跟在表地点或场合的名词后,相当于介词+ which 。
What is the name of the town where (in which) we stayed last night?
Think of a place where (in which) we can go for dinner.
Please leave the book at the place where (in which) it was.2. when表示时间,只能跟在表时间的名词后。相当于介词+ which
Tell me the time when the train leaves.
July, when (=in which ) we can go home for a rest, is coming soon.3. why表示原因,通常跟在reason后引导定语从句。相当于for which
I don’t know the reason why ( for which) he left here.
This is the reason why (= for which) he cried.
关系副词引导的定语从句修饰表示时间、地点、原因的名词, 并在定语从句中作状语, 相当于“介词+关系代词(which)”。1.That's the day_______he did the experiment.
2.This is the desk _______I put the book. 3.That is the bus stop _______I waited for you that day.
4.I still remember the time______he left.
5.That is the place_______he was born.
6.I haven’t known the reason ______he didn’t attend the meeting yesterday.用下列关系副词where,when,why填空。whenwherewhere whenwhere why 关 系 代 词 用 法 表 解 which指人的特殊用法
当先行词指一种职业或表示性格、身份、地位、品德素质或婴儿时或先行词是集合名词且引导词在从句中作主语而从句动词是单数时用which。
e. g. He is a writer, which is respectable.
Her sister has become a lawyer, which she wanted to be.(05湖北)
Pat is quite different from the man which I thought him to be.
He is the man which he was.
He talked like a scholar which he hardly was.
Mr. Smith pretended to be a professor which helped him much.
He is a gentleman which his brother isn’t.
She is a successful actress which gets her high fame.
Yesterday her sister had a baby which was a girl.
I take great pride in the Chinese people which has a long history,
a rich culture and glorious revolutionary tradition.
Do you know the family which lives upstairs?“介词 + 关系代词”
引导的
定 语 从 句4. “介词 +关系代词” (介词提前) 指人 用whom,
指物用whiche. g. Is this the car for which you paid a high price?
Have you finished the book on which you’ve been
working?
The two things about which Karl Marx was not
sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.
The only subject of which he is fond is maths.
I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the army.
I’ll never forget the year in which I went abroad.
Where is the boy for whom you bought a camera?
Where is the boy with whom you are working?
Where is the boy by whom your son was saved? “介词 + 关系代词”中的介词的判定依据1:
与从句中的谓语动词的搭配 “介词 + 关系代词” 中的介词的判定依据2:
与从句中的形容词的搭配 “介词 + 关系代词”中的介词的判定依据3:
与从句限定的先行词的搭配 Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future. (2010山东)
The newly built café, the walls of which are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. (2010江苏)
Julia was good at German, French and Russian, all of which she spoke fluently. (2011湖南)
She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of which had taken more than three years. (2011江西) “介词 + 关系代词”限定性定语从句“介词 + 关系代词” 能引导限定性和非限定性从句。引 导 词 用 法 表 解whowhomwhichthatwhoseas I went to bed at 10, before when I was reading for an hour.
That was in 1929, since when things have been better.
当先行词是指时间的介词短语而引导词在从句中作介词宾语时用when代替前面的先行词。 先行词表示地点,若引导词代词指地点的某个名词或名词短语在从句中作状语表示 “从……那里”时,引导词用from which;而当引导词代替前面的的表示地点的介词短语或副词且表示“从那里”时,则用from where。whenwherewhy 在限定性从句中用于被such, the same等修饰的先行词后。 The window from which prisoners can escape were blocked.
Soon his head appeared out of one of the second-storey windows from where he could see nothing but trees.
Alice stood in front of the window, from where she could watch her classmates playing basketball.
Look over there! Some people are standing under the big tree, from where you can enjoy the whole view. The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living. (2011天津)
Because of the financial crisis, days are gone when local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. (09江苏)
A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
Stephen Hawking believes that earth is unlikely to be the only planet where life has developed gradually. (2010福建)
The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister where she would stay for an hour. (2010江西)
It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently. (09福建)
Life is like a long race where we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. (09重庆)
—What do you think of teacher ,Bob?
—I find it fun and challenging. It is a job where you are doing
something serious but interesting. (09北京) As a child, Jack studied in a village school, which is named after his grandfather. (2010全国)
Whenever I met her, which was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. (2009山东)
They’ve won their last three matches, which I find a bit surprising. (09辽宁)
My friend showed me round the town, which was very kind of him. (09全国Ⅱ)
Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, which, of course, made all the others upset. (2011北京)
After graduating from college,I took some time off to go travelling,which turned out to be a wise decision. (2010四川)
Her sister has become a lawyer, which she wanted to be.(05湖北)非限定性定语从句 which是引导非限定性从句的一个最常见也最常考的词,是关系代词,在从句中作主语、宾语甚至表语,代替先行词、主句或主句的一部分。先行词主句主句的一部分表语 Do you know Tom, whom we talked about?
The old man has a son, who is in the army.
Finally we visited to the Giant Yangtze Gorges Dam, which is the greatest key water control project in the world at present.
After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life.
Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during World War II, when Jews were badly treated in Germany.
He didn't win the championship, which I hadn't expected.
As we have stressed many times, “serve the people” is our first policy. (stress) (2010湖北)
As is reported in the newspaper, some artistic treasures (艺术珍品) will be on show at the exhibition on the weekend.非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句特 点:
1 引导词不用that和why(用for which代替)
2 引导词不能省略
3 修饰的可以是词语或主句或主句的一部分,对所修
饰的部分进行补充说明
4 先行词是表示独一无二的词(人、物、时间、地点、
组织、机构等等)
5 which引导的非限定性从句不能放在句首
6 代替指人的先行词在从句中作宾语时只能用whom指人的关系代词引导的非限定性的形容词从句指物的关系代词引导的非限定性的形容词从句作状语指时间作状语指地点作状语指原因关系副词引导的非限定性的形容词从句 1 ________ operated on the baby just now.
2 __________ you met on your way to the
hospital this morning.
This is the doctor 3 from _______ she got the information of
her mother’s death.
4 __________ wife teaches at our school.
5 without ________ help we couldn’t have
saved the baby.根据引导词在从句的作用判定引导词who / that作啥成分?作啥成分?(who(m) / that)作啥成分?who(m) 作啥成分?whose 作啥成分?whose 根据引导词在从句的作用判定引导词 1 _____________ saw the founding of the People’s
Republic of China in 1949.
2 _______________ the 29th Olympic Games were
successfully held last year.
Beijing, 3 ___________ the Greens intend to visit during the
coming vacation.
4 in ______________ the famous poet was born and
brought up.
5 ___________ environment has been improved the
past few years.
is located in the north of China.作啥成分?which 作啥成分?where作啥成分?which作啥成分?which作啥成分?whoseSee you!