中考专区二轮专题之-------非谓语动词（25张PPT）

非谓语动词

内容索引
真题体验
要点精析
提升演练

中考对非谓语动词的考查主要有：(1)动名词和动词不定式作主语；(2)动名词和动词不定式作表语、宾语；(3)动词不定式作宾语补足语；(4)动词不定式作目的状语；(5)固定短语搭配。
动词不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式(或不定式短语)没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。
动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
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真题体验



根据中文提示或所给单词的正确形式填空
1.Did you like sitting and (听) to the headmaster and teachers
speak？(2018·衢州)
2.During this month, people are made to think about the importance of
brushing their teeth, (吃) less sweet food.(2018·嘉兴)
3.After (停放) his car, he goes straight to take the plane.
(2018·绍兴)
4.At night, Florence talked to the injured soldiers and helped them _____
(write) letters to their families.(2018·衢州)

真题体验
答案
listening
eating
parking
(to)
write

5.Sometimes it may be natural for animals (have) their own ideas
about who would make a good friend.(2018·嘉兴)
6.And luckily, when he was 15, he came (study) in America and
then became a teacher.(2018·金华)
7.The hen agreed (do) so, and the eagle flew away.(2018·宁波)
8.The robot teachers are used (help) improve learning.(2018·绍兴)
9.These days it is difficult (imagine) a world without books.
(2018·杭州)
10.He is thinking about how (spend) his money during winter
vacation.(2017·嘉兴)
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答案
to have
to study
to do
to help
to imagine
to spend
要点精析


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要点一　动词不定式
1.作主语
作主语的动词不定式常用it替代，动词不定式(或短语)放在后面。 It＋be＋adj.＋(for/of sb.)＋(not) to do (不)做某事怎么样。在kind, good, nice, clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后，用of。
示例：It's easy to get lost in a big city like Tokyo.
在东京这样的大城市容易迷路。
It is dangerous for children to swim alone.
对孩子来说，独自游泳是危险的。
It is kind of you to help me mend the computer.帮我修电脑，你真好！
2.作表语
多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为主语。
示例：Her job was to look after the sick boy.
她的工作是照顾这个生病的男孩。
3.作宾语
(1)只能作某些动词的宾语，常见的这类动词有：would like, want, love, need, try, ask, learn, begin, start, forget, remember, agree, fail, allow, decide, afford, wish, hope, plan, hate, choose, expect, manage, promise, expect, refuse等。
示例：She wanted to go back to her hometown.
她想要回到她的家乡。
Indians like to eat hot food.印度人喜欢吃辣味食品。
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
(2)有的动词不定式在作带有补足语的宾语时，前面往往带有形式宾语it。
示例：Do you think it necessary for us to learn to wait？
你认为学会等待对我们来说有必要吗？
(3)和疑问词who, what, when, where, which, how构成不定式短语作宾语。
示例：I don't know how to use a computer.我不知道怎样使用计算机。
4.作宾语补足语
(1)一些使役动词(make, let, have)和感官动词(hear, let, make, have, see, watch, notice)后，不定式作宾补，但不定式要省略to。
示例：I saw the man go into the shop.我看见这个男人进入这家店。
(2)不定式作宾补与宾语逻辑上有主谓关系。常跟动词不定式作宾补的谓语动词有：tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage, advise等。
示例：He told me not to bring you anything.
他叫我不要给你带任何东西。
Who taught you to play the music？谁教你弹这支曲子的？
5.作定语
动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。
示例：In my dreams I always have very difficult jobs to do.在梦里我总是做一些非常艰苦的工作。
6．作状语
(1)表示目的。
示例：In his third year，he left Harvard to work for a company called Microsoft.在大三时，他为了去微软公司工作而离开了哈佛大学。
(2)表示结果。动词不定式作状语表示结果时常与副词too或enough连用。
示例：It's too heavy to carry.太重了，搬不动。
(3)和动词不定式经常连用的形容词有sure, ready, happy, sorry, afraid等。
示例：I'm sorry to trouble you.很抱歉打扰你了。
7.其他省略to的动词不定式
如：Why not do...？had better (not) do...；would rather do...；Could/Would/Will you please (not) do...?
示例：You'd better finish the work before Monday.
你最好星期一前完成工作。


要点二　动名词
1.作主语：谓语动词用单数形式
示例：Eating too much is bad for your health.吃太多对你的健康有害处。
2.作表语
示例：Her job is washing clothes.她的工作是洗衣服。
3.作宾语
常跟动名词作宾语的动词：like(喜欢)；enjoy(喜欢)；finish(完成)；keep(保持)；mind(介意)；spend(花费)；practice(练习)；stop(停止)；suggest(建议)；consider(考虑)等。
示例：More and more people like shopping on the Internet.越来越多的人喜欢网上购物。
4.作介词或动词短语的宾语
如：be worth(值得)；give up(放弃)；what about(怎么样)；look forward to(期望着)等。
示例：The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。

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提升演练


I.用所给单词的正确形式填空
1.My problems with my body would never stop me from ___________
(achieve) my dreams.
2.Savannah decided (keep) making cards.
3.It's necessary for us (talk) to our parents when we have problems.
4.Rose was very happy (see) them.
5.My parents wished me (enjoy) my life like any other kid of my
age.
6.You can do what you like and make your dream (come) true！”

答案

提升演练
achieving
to keep
to talk
to see
to enjoy
come
7.Both of the jackets look nice on me.I can't decide which one _________
(choose)．
8.Don't forget (fill) it with water again before you leave.
9.When you are tired, (relax) in the countryside is a wonderful
experience.
10.After she finished (read) the story, Alice wrote a review for
her school newspaper.
11.This piece of music is worth (listen) to once more.
12.I bought a big box (collect) books for kids in poor areas.

答案
to choose
to fill
relaxing
reading
listening
to collect
13.We must do everything we can (prevent) waste water from
running into rivers.
14.We advise parents (not leave) their children at home alone
in order to keep them away from danger.
15.My grandfather used to (live) in the countryside, but now he gets
used to (live) in the city.

答案
to prevent
not to leave
live
living
II.根据中文提示完成句子
1.我妈妈离开家时忘记关灯了。
My mother forgot the light when she left home.
2.我正在计划怎样度过这个假期。
I'm planning the vacation.
3.现在在杭州，大多数司机习惯了在斑马线前停下来等行人先行。
These days, most drivers ___________________________________
to wait for people to cross the road first at the zebra crossing in Hangzhou.

答案
to turn off
how to spend
are used to stopping/have been used to
stopping
4.科学家呼吁全球多关注气候变化和濒危动物的保护。
The scientist calls on the world weather change as well as the protection of endangered animals.
5.我的弟弟有足够的耐心，他等半小时也不会生气。
My brother is patient enough to wait for half an hour without ____________________________ .

答案
to pay more attention to
getting/being/becoming angry
III.语法填空(用所给动词的正确形式填空)
Campbell Remess is a teenager from Australia.He has been sewing(缝制) teddy bears for sick children for several years.
The story (begin) in 2013 when Campbell was nine years old.He told his parents that he wanted to give Christmas gifts to children in hospitals.But his parents said no, because with nine children of their own, buying presents for sick children would just cost too much.The little boy didn't give up, however.He decided (make) their presents by himself.

答案
began
to make
Campbell made his first teddy bear with his mother's sewing machine in his bedroom.It was hard for him as he had never done this before.He downloaded(下载) patterns from the Internet and learned how to make a teddy bear by (watch) videos online.It took him five hours to finish his first teddy bear.He can now make a teddy bear in an hour.He has also started a project called “Project 365 by Campbell” in which he _____(try) to make a teddy bear every day.

答案
watching
tries

Young Campbell uses his pocket money to buy materials for making teddy bears.To make more pocket money, he helps his parents with housework whenever he is free.Sometimes, he also sells his teddy bears online
________(raise) money for sick children.Many people ________________
(encourage) by Campbell's story and they give away free materials to him.
Campbell (give) away about 1,300 teddy bears so far.He is now busy making this year's teddy bears.He said that he had never thought of stopping and he would keep putting smiles on people's faces.
答案
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to raise
are encouraged
has given