高中英语情态动词用法总结课件（35张）

情态动词的语法特征
2) 情态动词不能单独做谓语, 后面只能接动词原形，ought to和have to除外，。
3) 情态动词没有人称, 数的变化, 但有些情态动词, 如can、will、have to、may等有过去式。
1）情态动词表说话人的某种感情或语气，对某一动作或状态的某种态度。
1) Some of us can use the computer now,
but we couldn’t last year.



2) Can she be in the computer center?
3) I though what he said could not be true.



4) Can/Could I use your dictionary?
5) Could you lend me a hand?
1.表能力,意为“能，能够”，can指现在，could指过去。
3. 表示“请求” “允许”(表请求时，口语中常用
could 代替 can 使语气更委婉，回答时用can)
2. 表示推测，意为“可能”“或许”，用于疑问句或否定句，can’t和couldn’t意为“不可能”。
1. can 与could
4. can 用于疑问句或否定句中时，表惊异、
不相信等，意思是“可能、能够”。
6) How can you believe such a liar like him?
5. can’t/ couldn’t have done 表示对过去情况的否定推测,意为“过去不可能做过某事”
7) Susan can’t have written a report like this.
8) She can’t have gone to school, it is Sunday .
6. can/could have done表对过去的推测，意为“过去可能做了某事”。 could have done还可以表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，意为“本能够做某事可事实上未做”
9）It’s a pity. Your class could have got the first prize.
10）Where can Mary have gone?
can表示“能够”时与短语be able to同义，但can只用于一般现在时或过去时，而后者可用于各种时态。另外，can表示个人有某种能力，而be able to表示某人通过努力、克服困难做成某事，相当于succeed in doing sth.；
can/be able to
Michael ____ be a policeman, for he’s much too short.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. should D. may
2. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ____ it be
that he was late for the opening ceremony?
A. can B. should C. may D. must
3. ---- I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
---- Oh, did you? You ____ with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay
C. would stay D. must have stayed
My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday
afternoon, so he ____ your lecture.
A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended
B
A
A
A
5. There’s someone outside. Who ____it be?
A. can B. need C. may D. must
6. ----Is Jack on duty today?
----It ____ be him. It’s his turn tomorrow.
A. mustn’t B. won’t C. can’t D. needn’t
7. It is usually warm in my hometown, but it ____be rather
cold sometimes.
A. can B. need C. dare D. must
8. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but
everyone _______ get away.
A. were able to B. would
C. was able to D. could

A
C
A
C
2. may 与might
1. 表示“许可”或“请求”，有“可以”的意思，口语中
常用 might 代 may ,表示委婉语气。
否定回答时用“must not”表“禁止，阻止”，
不用 “may not”. “may not” 表示“可能不” 。
Eg: 1)--- May I watch TV after supper?
--- Yes, you may. / No, you mustn’t.
2) Today is Sunday. She may not in her office now.
2. 表示可能性。 意为“或许，可能” might 比 may
可能性小。
Eg: 1) The girl might be sleeping this time of day.
2) They may be in the library now.
4. may/ might as well + 动词原形 “…还是…的好” “不妨干某事”
Eg: You may as well go and have a look.
3.may/might have done 表示对过去发生过的事情的推测，意为“可能已经做过某事”
Eg: I can’t find my sunglasses. I may/might have left them in your office.
1.Sorry I'm late. I _____ have turned off
the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A. might B. should
　C. can D. will
2.Peter _____ come with us tonight,
but he isn’t very sure yet.　　
A. must B. may
C. can D. will
A
B
3. will 与would
1. 用于第二人称的疑问句中，表“请求、建议”等，用 would 比用will 委婉，客气些
Eg: 1)Will you lend me your book?
2) Would you like a cup of tea?
2. 用于表示意志或意愿，意为“会，愿意” 。will 指现在，而 would 指 过去。用于否定句中，表示“不会、不肯、不乐意”。
Eg: 1) I won’t do that again.
2) They said that they would help us.
3) No matter what I said, he won’t listen to me.
3.表示习惯性动作。 译作 “总是、惯于”， will 指现在常常，would 指过去常常。
Eg: 1)This man is strange. He will sit for hours without saying anything.
2) Mary will keep asking some silly questions.
3) Every evening, she would sit by window,
deep in thought.
4) We would sit around Grandpa after supper, listening to his stories.
If you ____ wait here for another 5 minutes, our manager
will come back.
A. should B. will C. need D. must
2. When he was there, he______ go to that coffee shop at the
corner after work every day.
A. would B. should C. had better D. might

B
A
4. should与ought to
1. ought to比should语气更重。两者都用于表劝告、建议。 意为”应该、应当”。但在疑问句中常用should。ought to的否定式为oughtn’t to或ought not to。
Eg: I should help her because she is in trouble.
You ought to take care of the baby.
Should I open the window?
What should we do next?
2. 两者都可表示推测，表示很大的可能性。意为 “可能、按理该…”
Eg: 1) It’s 7 o’clock, he should be at home.
2) They should have arrived by now.
3. ought to/should have done 本应该干某事可事实未干
oughtn’t to/shouldn’t have done本不该干某事可事实 却干了
Eg: You should have invited me to the party yesterday.
You are right. I Should have thought of that.
You shouldn’t have eaten all the cakes in one day.

4. Should可以用来表示说话人的惊奇等情感，意为“竟然，居然”
Eg: 1) It’s surprising that Mary should love such a person.
2) It’s unbelievable that the boy should sing such a beautiful song.
1.You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____
be so rude to a lady.
A. can B. should C. may D. must
2. ---- When can I come for the photos? I need them
tomorrow afternoon.
---- They _____ be ready by 12:00
A. can B. should C. might D. need
3. We ______ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B. might study
C. ought to have studied D. would study
B
B
c
5. shall
1. Shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或请求。

Eg: 1) Shall we begin our discussion?
2) Shall I change the clothes for the child?
3) Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow?
4) Henry is waiting outside. Shall he come in?
2. Shall用于二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人
的允诺、警告、命令、威胁等语气。
Eg: 1)You shall get an answer from me tomorrow.
2) He shall be punished.
3) You shall go with me.
4) Tell Jerry that he shall get a gift if he behaves well.
Chairman Zhang, many people want to see you. ___they
wait here or outside?
A. shall B. can C. should D. may
2. You ___use my bike if you can return it to me before I　leave here.
A. should B. shall C. need D. must
3. You ___be punished if you break the rule.
A. shall B. should C. need D. must

A
B
A
must/have?to/need
1.must用于一般问句中,肯定回答用must,否定回答用?needn’t或don’t have to，意为?“不必”。
mustn’t表示“禁止，不允许”
?— Must?I?finish?all?homework?at?a?time?
??—Yes, you must.
No,?you?needn't/don’t have to.
I don’t like this TV set. We must buy a new one.
Mother was out, so I had to look after the shop.
2.表示“必须”这个意思时，must?和have?to?稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，have?to?强调客观需要。另外，have?to?能用于更多时态。
?You?must?be?the?new?teacher. ?
He?must?be?joking. There?is?nobody?here.?They?must?have?all gone?home.
3.must表示对某人某事的肯定猜测, 作“准是”, “一定” , 用于肯定句中。对过去发生的事情作肯定判断用must have done，意为过去一定已经做过某事。
Why must you always interrupt me?
If you must smoke, do it outside, please
Why must it rain on Sunday?

4. must表示与说话人愿望相反，翻译成“偏要，硬要，非要”
5.注意对need问句的回答:

--Need I finish the work today?
--Yes, ________________.
No, ________________.
No, ________________.
you must
you needn’t
you don’t have to
--Must we do it now?
--No, you __________.
needn’t
(don’t have to)
【考例】The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we ____ go to work tomorrow. (上海 2007春)
A. can’t B. mustn’t
C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
【点拨】考查情态动词。根据题意, 可知这里表示“没有必要”, 故只能选C项。
【考例】─What do you think we can do for our aged parents?
─You ____ do anything except to be with them and be yourself.
A. don’t have to B. oughtn’t to
C. mustn’t D. can’t
【点拨】根据题意“除了和他们呆在一起做你自己外, 没有必要做任何事情。”可知这里选择don’t have to表示“不必”。故选A项。
【考例】 ---Jane has just come back from China and she looks happy.
--- She _________ her trip very much.
must enjoy B. must have enjoyed
C. may enjoy D should have enjoyed
【考例】 You ____ return the book now, you can keep it until next week if you like.
can’t B. mustn’t

C. needn’t D. may not
【考例】Where is Dad, Mary?
He ____ the flowers in the garden.

must water B. must be watering

C. Must have watered D. watered
【考例】---What’s the matter with the man hanging his head there?
---Well. If you ___know, he was caught stealing my bike.

must B. may C. can D. shall
情态动词表推测用法小结

情态动词
对现在或将来情况的推测 对现在或将来正在进行的推测 对过去情况的推测
肯定推测
must must+v must+be doing must+have done
可能推测
may/might may/might+v may/might+be doing may/might+have done
否定推测
can’t/couldn’t can’t/couldn't+v can’t/couldn't+be doing can’t/couldn’t+have done
疑问推测
can/could can/could+v can/could+be doing
can/could+have done
情态动词 + have done

这是历年高考热点之一，
可表示“推测、责备、怀疑”
等多种意义。
一、表示对过去事情的推测或估计
1. must have done “过去肯定已经做了某事”
eg: The ground is rather wet,
so it must have rained last night.
2. may/might have done “可能/大概已经做了某事”
eg: Tom may have gone to shanghai,
but I still not sure about it.
3. can’t/couldn’t have done “不可能已经做了某事”
eg: The ground is very dry,
so it can’t have rained last night
注：在疑问句中 can/could 表示对过去情况的疑问性
推测，“可能已经…了吗？”
eg: Someone must have broken into our bedroom,
Who could have done it?
二、表示对过去所发生事情的遗憾或责备
1. should/ought to have done “过去本应该做而没做”
eg: I really regretted wasting the hours when
I should have studied hard, but it was too late.

2. shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done
“过去本不应该做的事却做了”
eg: I’m very sorry for the words I shouldn’t have
said to you at that moment.

3. could/might have done “本来能够做的事却没做”
eg: He could have worked out the problem.
4. needn’t have done “原本不必做的事却做了”
eg: Your home is not far from your school, so you
needn’t have left in such a hurry.
5. Would like to have done “本打算做某事但没做成”
eg: I would like to have come to visit you, but I had
to look after my sick mother at home.