2018-2019学年上海市松江区高三（上）期末英语试卷（解析版无听力音频及文字材料）

2018-2019学年上海市松江区高三（上）期末英语试卷
I. Listening ComprehensionSection A （10分）Directions： In Section A， you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation， a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it， read the four possible answers on your paper， and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1．A． A bus．
B． A computer．
C． A telescope．
D． An elevator．
2．A． Salesman and customer．
B． Boss and secretary．
C． Husband and wife．
D． Interviewer and interviewee．
3．A． Stamp collecting．
B． Reading．
C． Painting．
D． Photography．
4．A． He lost a button at work．
B． He thinks he damaged the woman's calculator．
C． He doesn't know where he put the calculator．
D． He's not sure how to solve a maths problem．
5．A． At 6：45．
B． At 7：15．
C． At 7：45．
D． At 8：15．
6．A． Borrow the books from the woman．
B． Go to buy the books in the shop．
C． Go to his grandpa for some books．
D． Search for the books on the Internet．
7．A． Buying chairs．
B． Preparing for a party．
C． Arranging the place for a contest．
D． Taking part in a contest．
8．A． She works in a very nice restaurant．
B． The restaurant food made her ill．
C． Her job involves a lot of business dinners．
D． She feels tired when preparing meals at home．
9．A． Amy didn't seem to be nervous during her speech．
B． Amy needs more training in making public speeches．
C． The man didn't think highly of Amy's presentation．
D． The man can hardly understand Amy's presentation．
10．A． In France．
B． In China．
C． In Italy．
D． In Japan．
11．（1）A． A notice was put in a window seat．
B． Some of the seats were not occupied．
C． There was a window seat unoccupied．
D． The plane was not very crowded．
（2）A． Mr． Jackson was the last passenger to get on board the plane．
B． Mr． Jackson was surprised to see the notice on the seat．
C． Mr． Jackson sat next to the soldier．
D． The plane Mr． Jackson took was heavily loaded with luggage．
（3）A． The notice was put on the seat by the soldier．
B． The soldier was waiting for his girlfriend．
C． The girl was the last passenger who got on the plane．
D． The seat by the window was kept for the last passenger．
12．（1）A． Beijing was the most polluted city．
B． The air quality index reading for Xi'an reached 500．
C． The AQI for Xingtai in Hebei Province was 491．
D． Emergency measures against air pollution have not been taken．
（2）A． About 100 cities．
B． About 50 cities．
C． About 500 cities．
D． About 20 cities．
（3）A． Limiting government vehicle use．
B． Putting off all construction．
C． Asking polluters to apologize for their action．
D． Reducing the emissions from power companies．
13．（1）A． In a studio．
B． In a clothing store．
C． At a beach resort．
D． At a fashion show．
（2）A． To live there permanently．
B． To stay there for half a year．
C． To find a better job to support herself．
D． To sell leather goods for a British company．
（3）A． Designing fashion items for several companies．
B． Modeling for a world﹣famous Italian company．
C． Working as an employee for Ferragamo．
D． Serving as a sales agent for Burberry．
（4）A． It has seen a steady decline in its profits．
B． It has become much more competitive．
C． It has lost many customers to foreign competitors．
D． It has attracted a lot of more designers from abroad．
II. Grammar and VocabularySection A （10分）Directions： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.
14．
Marvel and Disney Remember Stan Lee
Today， Marvel Comics and The Walt Disney Company pause and reflect with great sadness on the passing of Marvel Chairman Emeritus， Stan Lee． With a heavy heart， we share our deepest condolences （哀悼）（1）　 　 his daughter and brother， and we honor and remember the creator， voice and champion of Marvel．
"Stan Lee was as extraordinary as the characters he created． A super hero in his own right to Marvel fans around the world， Stan had the power to inspire， to entertain， and to connect． Nothing but his heart （2）　 　 exceed the scale of his imagination．" said Bob Iger， Chairman and CEO of the Walt Disney Company．
Stan Lee loved the （3）　 　 （write） word from an early age， and wanted to craft stories like those in his favorite books and films， which he consumed greedily． From a simple upbringing in Manhattan， young Stanley worked his way through a series of jobs （4）　 　 he found himself an assistant at a comic book publishing company ﹣ Timely Comics．
Marvel fans found a friend in Stan Lee． He introduced the famous "Stan's Soapbox" to speak directly to his readers， （5）　 　 （reach） a personal level rarely seen in comics of the day． Always pushing for new ways of creating comics， Stan also started the "Marvel method" of plotting and art， creating some of （6）　 　 （fantastic） stories in the industry to this day． An entire generation of young readers expanded and strengthened their vocabulary and knowledge through Stan's stories．
Roy Thomas， （7）　 　 succeeded Lee as editor﹣in﹣chief at Marvel， had visited Lee two days before （8）　 　 death to discuss the upcoming book The Stan Lee Story， and stated "I think he was ready to go． But he was still talking about doing more cameos（配角）． （9）　 　 he had the energy for it and didn't have to travel， Stan was always up （10）　 　 （do） something more．"
Marvel and the entire Walt Disney Company salute the life and career of Stan Lee and offer their undying gratitude for his unmatchable accomplishments within their halls． Every time you open a Marvel comic， Stan will be there．
Section B Directions： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
15．A． interpret B． encounter C． subjective D． ratings E． previously
F． belief G． bubbles H． preciously I． illustrates J． compliments K． site
The ability of the herd mentality（从众心理）to increase people's chances of liking or believing something may help explain a wide variety of phenomena． Aral （A managerial economist at the Massachusetts institute of technology） says， from housing （1）　 　 to gold prices and from political polls to restaurant reviews， the （2）　 　 that other people like something has a powerful ability to make people like it themselves．
The new study （3）　 　 how simple it would be for companies to control reviews of their products by simply adding a few positive （4）　 　 of their own early reviews in the process， Aral adds．
It found that effects were strongest when stories were about politics， business and cultures than for fun or lifestyle pieces． In situations where there are more （5）　 　 news reviews， you have to be a little more cautious about interpreting likes and dislikes．
"Think twice before you trust， how many likes something has，" he adds． "That's something you have to （6）　 　 with a grain of salt （持怀疑态度）．" And it's a situation many online users （7）　 　 on a daily basis．
Aral recently went onYelp．com to review a restaurant with a plan to give it three out of five stars， but when he got to the （8）　 　， he was shown how other people describe the same place and those reviews include someone with five stars． Seeing those positive reviews made him think twice about his own （9）　 　 average opinion．
"A woman （10）　 　 how great it is， how great her great prices are and how the lemon sauce is so great，" he says． "Maybe it's not such a good idea to say some rating right before you make your own．"
III. Reading ComprehensionSection A （15分）Directions： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
16．Whether it's from an awful breakup or a painful life event， some memories can return repeatedly to our mind for the entire lives． But， what if science can （1）　 　 your bad memories so that you can start all over again？ As is known to all， memory is an incredibly complex （2）　 　． While scientists used to believe it was like a filing cabinet and particular memories were stored in different sections of the brain， we now know this is （3）　 　．
In fact， each memory is a brain wide process． If you end up remembering something， it's because the cells in your brain are being fired，（4）　 　 new connections and links and literally rebuild the circuitry of your mind． And this change is partially （5）　 　 by proteins in the brain． So what if the proteins aren't available？
Simply put， memories can't be made． Seriously， scientists have tested this by giving animals drugs that prevent these proteins from forming．（6）　 　， the animals have no recollection of the things that took place shortly after the drug was taken． From this research， scientists actually found a way to target long﹣term memories for （7）　 　． You see， every single time you remember a memory， your brain is once again firing and rewiring．
In fact， each time you reflect on a memory， you are physically changing that memory in your mind． And each time the memory is changed a little， it reflects your （8）　 　 thoughts． Remembering， to a great extent， is an act of （9）　 　 and imagination， which means that the more you reflect on old memories， the less accurate they will become． And scientists have actually quantified this change．
After 9/11， hundreds of people were asked about their memories of the dreadful day． A year later， 37% of the details had changed． By 2004， nearly 50% of the details had changed or gone （10）　 　． And because memories are formed and rebuilt every time， if you administer （服药） the protein﹣preventing drug while recalling a memory， the memory can be （11）　 　 removed．
To test this， scientists took lab rats and played sound for them， shortly followed by an electric shock．（12）　 　 doing this for many times， the rats quickly learned that if they heard the sound， a shock was soon to follow． Therefore， they would stress up and freeze every time they heard it． Months later， these rats would still （13）　 　 the noise． However， if they administered the drug first， the rats would lose the memory of the sound， and simply continue on． They had lost their memory of that specific noise．
To be sure that the drug wasn't just causing large﹣scale brain damage， scientists repeated these experiments with various tones this time． Both sounds would warn for a shock and （14）　 　 the rats would fear both． But if they administered the drug and played only one of the sounds， the mice would only forget that one tone， while still remaining （15）　 　 of the other． Over time scientists have discovered specific drugs to target particular proteins across different parts of the brain．

（1）A． refresh B． forget C． control D． erase
（2）A． range B． process C． idea D． structure
（3）A． incorrect B． evident C． partial D． complex
（4）A． eliminating B． decreasing C． bringing D． building
（5）A． inspired B． stopped C． identified D． perfected
（6）A． By contrast B． On the contrary C． As a result D． For example
（7）A． evaluation B． estimation C． deletion D． production
（8）A． terrified B． critical C． current D． former
（9）A． repetition B． creation C． function D． reproduction
（10）A． uncontrolled B． complicated C． valuable D． missing
（11）A． repeatedly B． effectively C． hardly D． consistently
（12）A． Before B． Until C． After D． While
（13）A． turn to B． respond to C． adapt to D． return to
（14）A． surprisingly B． especially C． eventually D． similarly
（15）A． suspicious B． careful C． painful D． fearful
Section B （22分）Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
17．Who would win in a fight， a lion or a tiger？ Well， if size has anything to do with the matter， the tiger would win． That's because tigers are the largest of all cat species． Tigers are not only large， they are also fast． They can sprint as fast as 40miles per hour for short distances and leap as far as 30feet horizontally． You might not think that such large， fast， and fierce creatures need help to survive， but they do．
It is estimated that at the start of the 20th century， there were over 100，000 tigers living in the wild． By the turn of the century， the number of tigers outside of captivity dwindled to just over 3，000． Interestingly， the most serious threats that tigers face come from a much smaller species， one with an average weight of around 140lbs． That species is Homo sapiens， better known as humans． Humans threaten tigers in primarily two ways： hunting and destroying habitat．
Tigers are hunted for many reasons． People have long valued the famous striped skins． Though trading tiger skins is now illegal in most parts of the world， tiger pelts are worth around ﹩10，000 on the black market． Though the fur would be incentive enough for most poachers， other parts of the tiger can also fetch a pretty penny． Some people in China and other Asian cultures believe that various tiger parts have healing properties． Traditional Chinese medicine calls for the use of tiger bones， amongst other parts， in some prescriptions．
Tigers have also been hunted as game． In other words， people hunted tigers solely for the thrill and achievement of killing them． Such killings took place in large scale during the 19th and early 20th centuries， when an English hunter might claim to kill over a hundred tigers in their hunting career． Though this practice is much less popular today than it was in the past， it has not ceased entirely．
Humans have done considerable damage to the world's tiger population through hunting， but perhaps more damage has been caused through the destruction of habitat． Tigers once ranged widely across Asia， all the way from Turkey to the eastern coast of Russia． But over the past 100 years， tigers have lost 93% of their historic range． Instead of spanning all the way across Asia， the tiger population is now isolated in small pockets in southern and southeastern Asia． This is because humans have drastically changed the environments． Humans have built towns and cities． Road and transit systems were created to connect these towns and cities． To feed the people living in these areas， forests and fields have been cleared to create farmland．
A major obstacle to preserving tigers is the enormous amount of territory that each tiger requires． Each wild tiger demands between 200 and 300 square miles． Tigers are also both territorial and solitary animals． This means that they are protective of the areas that they claim and they generally do not share with other tigers． Because tigers need so much territory， it is really difficult for conservationists to acquire enough land to support a large population of tigers．

（1）Which of the following is NOT a reason in the article explaining why tigers are hunted？　 　
A． Because tiger skins are worth a lot of money．
B． Because tiger parts are used as medicines in some cultures．
C． Because some tigers attack local villages．
D． Because tigers are hunted for enjoyment by some people．
（2）The underlined word "incentive" in the third paragraph probably means　 　．
A． attractive
B． innovative
C． alternative
D． respective
（3）Which best explains why tigers have lost so much of their habitat according to the text？　 　
A． Because tigers are under threat from other animals．
B． Because tiger skins are extremely valuable．
C． Because the environment has been changed．
D． Because tigers need so much space to survive．
（4）Which of the following best describes the author's main purpose in writing this article？　 　
A． To provide readers with interesting information about the lifestyles of tigers．
B． To persuade readers to help the world's tiger population and to offer ways to help．
C． To entertain readers with stories about how tigers hunt and are hunted．
D． To explain to readers why the world's tiger population is endangered．
18．
Learning English Video Project
1． Encounters in the UK （17 minutes）Watch | CommentsEncounters in the UK is the first film in this documentary mini﹣series． It tells the story of four girls from different countries who travel to Cambridge in England to study English and stay with local families in what is called a "homestay" arrangement． For the four girls the homestay arrangement is a positive experience． As one of the homestay hosts explains： "It's going to be a great experience， not only in terms of learning English， but in learning about life．"Watch with Subtitles | Watch without Subtitles | Comments
2． Insights from China （18 minutes）Watch | CommentsNever say dieBased in the busy， cosmopolitan city of Shanghai， Daniel Emmerson's latest film Insights from China takes us inside the worlds of English language learning and teaching and the airline industry in China． "Insights from China" focuses largely on the staff and management of a Chinese airline company that has recently committed to learning English． Spring Airlines is the first low﹣cost airline in China．Watch with Subtitles | Watch without Subtitles | Comments
3． Stories from Morocco （16 minutes）Watch | CommentsSet in Casablanca， Morocco， this film features footage and interviews focusing on key questions such as "Why are people learning English？" and "What tips and advice can learners offer？" Staff and learners discuss the advantages and challenges of English language learning in Morocco． Interviewees touch on a variety of topics including British vs． American accents， multi﹣level classrooms， and the similarities of English to French and Spanish．Watch with Subtitles | Watch without Subtitles | Comments
4． Thoughts from Brazil （17 minutes）Watch | CommentsLike Insights from China， Thoughts from Brazil also looks at modern trends in learning English， especially for children and teens． It will be of particular interest to all those who long for a learning experience that is more interactive and communicative． Teens and young adults will find new ideas for combining personal interests such as music， gaming and social media with self﹣study． As Daniel Emmerson talks to learners and teachers of English in Sao Paulo， Brazil， he discovers that many of them have found for themselves the principle of learning by doing and have readily adapted it to the Internet era．Watch with Subtitles | Watch without Subtitles | Comments
（1）From the passage we can conclude that "Learning English Video Project" is most probably　 　．
A． an online coursefocusing on language and culture
B． audio documents on language learning
C． a series of English learning video programs
D． a set of films on English﹣speaking countries
（2）If someone is interested in the comparison between English and other languages， he might be interested to watch　 　．
A． Encounters in the UK
B． Stories from Morocco
C． Thoughts from Brazil
D． Insights from China
（3）What can we know about English learning in Sao Paulo， Brazil？　 　
A． Classroom teaching is more interactive and communicative．
B． Homestay arrangement provides positive experience for learners．
C． The Internet and games plays a major role in language learning．
D． The principle of learning by doing is widely accepted by learners．
19．The Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year indicated a new era for climate action． For the first time， the world's nations agreed to keep global warming well below 2℃．
This is vital for climate﹣vulnerable nations． Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world's greenhouse gas emissions． In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports， we reveal just how deep this injustice runs．
Developed nations such as Australia， the United States， Canada， and European countries are essentially climate "free﹣riders"： causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions， while paying few of the costs such as climate changes impact on food and water． In other words， a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels， while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change．
On the other hand， there are many "forced riders"， who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem． Many of the world's most climate﹣vulnerable countries， the majority of which are African or small island states， produce a very small quantity of emissions． This is much like a non﹣smoker getting cancer from second﹣hand smoke， while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health．
The Paris agreement has been widely considered as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all， although the details on addressing "climate justice" can be best described as incomplete．
The goal of keeping global temperature rise "well below" 2℃ deserves to be praised but the emissions reduction promises submitted by countries leading up to the Paris talks are very unlikely to deliver on this．
More than ﹩100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions． However， the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions， effectively ignoring historical emissions． There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or， importantly， who is responsible for their provision． Securing these funds and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate﹣vulnerable countries．
The most climate﹣vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most． There must urgently be a meaningful mobilization of the policies outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change．
And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high﹣emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants （暴君） or pioneers．

（1）The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because　 　．
A． it is unfair to those climate﹣vulnerable nations
B． it aims to keep temperature rise below 2℃ only
C． it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countries
D． it burdens developed countries with the full responsibility
（2）Why does the author call some developed countries climate "free﹣riders"？　 　
A． They needn't worry about the food and water they consume．
B． They are better able to cope with the global climate change．
C． They hardly pay anything for the problems they have caused．
D． They are free from the greenhouse effects affecting "forced riders"．
（3）What does the author say about the ﹩100 billion funding？　 　
A． It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions．
B． There is no final agreement on where it will come from．
C． There is no clarification of how the money will be spent．
D． It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide．
（4）What urgent action must be taken to realize the Paris climate agreement？　 　
A． Encouraging high﹣emitting nations to take the initiative．
B． Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts．
C． Pushing the current world leaders to come to a consensus．
D． Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once．
Section C Directions： Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
20．
A． Bike tourism is on the rise in the United States and around the world， according to the Adventure Cycling Association．B． Slowly， you can see snapshots of people's daily lives and interact with them．C． Travelling alters your attitude towards the whole world．D． What's good for the heart is good for the brain， so riding and staying fit is sort of a priority in my life．E． Traveling changes your view of money and what it can do for you．F． Every time you make a roadside stop， you have the opportunity to meet people or see something new．
Travel the World by Bike
Rachel Hugens met her husband， Patrick， while bicycle touring． The Hugenses， who live in Boise， when not on their bikes， recently went on their latest round﹣the﹣world adventure． They visited 36countries on a tour， touching Europe， Africa， Asia and South America．
"Traveling by bike is the ultimate freedom，" Rachel said via email． "On a bike， you become part of the scenery． The landscape is not framed by a window．（1）　 　"
A growing community
Dennis Swift， secretary of the Southwest Idaho Mountain Biking Association， rode across the U．S last year﹣from Seattle to Salem， Massachusetts． Six people started the tour and three finished， riding 52 out of 56 days． They averaged about 60 miles per riding day．
"We took quite a few pictures； we didn't keep our head down the whole way，" Swift said． "We got to meet different people． It's the people that are probably most important．" Swift also rode through the Basque Country with a group of Boise cyclists last year． He's planning to participate in a Virginia bike tour this year．
"When you get older， your health is the number one priority．" he said， " （2）　 　"
Seeing the places in between
"Traveling by bicycle forces you to visit the places in between that many backpackers traveling by bus would pass by，" Patrick said． " （3）　 　" The challenges， beyond the obvious mental and physical energy required， include navigating visa requirements， food choices， language barriers， poor riding surfaces and boxing bikes for air travel， Rachel said．
Financial flexibility to travel
This is the third time that the couple has quit their jobs to tour． Rachel is a registered nurse； Patrick is an architect． Both regained their former jobs when they returned home in 2000 and 2007． They're uncertain what will happen this time．
They've given themselves financial flexibility by paying off their home， commuting to work by bike and avoiding some of the bills that are important parts for most （cell phones， cable TV）． They travel with a ﹩50 daily budget．"（4）　 　"Rachel said．"We've met some cyclists traveling long term on a﹩10 daily budget． They can travel as long as their money lasts， so they're motivated to spend wisely．"
IV. Summary Writing
21．Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．
The drug store was closing for the night and Alfred Higgins was about to go home when his new boss approached him．
"Empty your pockets please， Alfred，" Sam Carr demanded in a firm voice．
Alfred pretended to be shocked but he knew he'd been caught． From his coat he withdrew a make﹣up kit， a lipstick and two tubes of toothpaste．
"I'm disappointed in you， Alfred!" said the little gray﹣haired man．
"Sorry， Sir． Please forgive me． I've never done such a thing before．" Alfred lied， hoping to gain the old man's sympathy．
Mr Carr's brow furrowed （皱眉） as he reached for the phone， "Do you take me for a fool？ Let's see what the police have to say． But first I'll call your mother and let her know her son is heading to jail．"
"Do whatever you want，" Alfred shot back， trying to sound big． But deep down he felt like a child． He imagined his mother rushing in， eyes burning with anger， maybe in tears． Yet he wanted her to come quickly before Mr． Carr called the police．
Mr． Carr was surprised when Mrs Higgins finally arrived． She was very calm， quiet and friendly． "Is Alfred in trouble？" she asked．
"He's been stealing from the store，" the old man coolly replied．
Mrs． Higgins put out her hand and touched Mr． Carr's arm with great gentleness as if she knew just how he felt． She spoke as if she did not want to cause him any more trouble． "What do you want to do， Mr． Carr？"
The woman's calm and gentle manner disarmed the once﹣angry store﹣owner． "I was going to get a cop． But I don't want to be cruel． Tell your son not to come back here again， and I'll let it go．" Then he warmly shook Mrs． Higgins's hand．
Mrs． Higgins thanked the old man for his kindness， then mother and son left． They walked along the street in silence． When they arrived home his mother simply said， "Go to bed， you fool．"
In his bedroom， Alfred heard his mother in the kitchen． He felt no shame， only pride in his mother's actions． "She was smooth!" he thought． He went to the kitchen to tell her how great she was， but was shocked by what he saw．
His mother's face looked frightened， broken． Not the cool， bright face he saw earlier． Her lips moved nervously． She looked very old． There were tears in her eyes．
This picture of his mother made him want to cry． He felt his youth ending． He saw all the troubles he brought her and the deep lines of worry in her grey face． He seemed to have never really seen his mother like that．
V. Translation Directions： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.
22．这是他第一次一本正经地评价我的衣着． （comment）　 　
23．住校能使学生有更多的时间和精力投入到学业中． （enable）　 　
24．最让我担心的是这孩子除了在线游戏之外，似乎对周围的一切都视而不见．（concern）　 　
25．正是因为没有抵制住金钱和名誉的诱惑，那位知名演员违反了法律，最终她不得不为此付出惨重的代价．（fail）　 　
VI. Guided Writing （25分）
26．Directions： Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．
很多高中生会利用课余时间进行知识拓展，现在有两种常见的授课方式可供选择：网络授课（online teaching） 和传统面授（face﹣to﹣face teaching），你更倾向于那种授课形式呢？ 请说说你的理由．



2018-2019学年上海市松江区高三（上）期末英语试卷
参考答案与试题解析
I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Directions： In Section A， you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation， a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it， read the four possible answers on your paper， and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1．A． A bus．
B． A computer．
C． A telescope．
D． An elevator．
【分析】略
【解答】D
【点评】略
2．A． Salesman and customer．
B． Boss and secretary．
C． Husband and wife．
D． Interviewer and interviewee．
【分析】略
【解答】B
【点评】略
3．A． Stamp collecting．
B． Reading．
C． Painting．
D． Photography．
【分析】略
【解答】D
【点评】略
4．A． He lost a button at work．
B． He thinks he damaged the woman's calculator．
C． He doesn't know where he put the calculator．
D． He's not sure how to solve a maths problem．
【分析】略
【解答】B
【点评】略
5．A． At 6：45．
B． At 7：15．
C． At 7：45．
D． At 8：15．
【分析】略
【解答】A
【点评】略
6．A． Borrow the books from the woman．
B． Go to buy the books in the shop．
C． Go to his grandpa for some books．
D． Search for the books on the Internet．
【分析】略
【解答】D
【点评】略
7．A． Buying chairs．
B． Preparing for a party．
C． Arranging the place for a contest．
D． Taking part in a contest．
【分析】略
【解答】C
【点评】略
8．A． She works in a very nice restaurant．
B． The restaurant food made her ill．
C． Her job involves a lot of business dinners．
D． She feels tired when preparing meals at home．
【分析】略
【解答】C
【点评】略
9．A． Amy didn't seem to be nervous during her speech．
B． Amy needs more training in making public speeches．
C． The man didn't think highly of Amy's presentation．
D． The man can hardly understand Amy's presentation．
【分析】略
【解答】A
【点评】略
10．A． In France．
B． In China．
C． In Italy．
D． In Japan．
【分析】略
【解答】B
【点评】略
11．（1）A． A notice was put in a window seat．
B． Some of the seats were not occupied．
C． There was a window seat unoccupied．
D． The plane was not very crowded．
（2）A． Mr． Jackson was the last passenger to get on board the plane．
B． Mr． Jackson was surprised to see the notice on the seat．
C． Mr． Jackson sat next to the soldier．
D． The plane Mr． Jackson took was heavily loaded with luggage．
（3）A． The notice was put on the seat by the soldier．
B． The soldier was waiting for his girlfriend．
C． The girl was the last passenger who got on the plane．
D． The seat by the window was kept for the last passenger．
【分析】略
【解答】CBA
【点评】略
12．（1）A． Beijing was the most polluted city．
B． The air quality index reading for Xi'an reached 500．
C． The AQI for Xingtai in Hebei Province was 491．
D． Emergency measures against air pollution have not been taken．
（2）A． About 100 cities．
B． About 50 cities．
C． About 500 cities．
D． About 20 cities．
（3）A． Limiting government vehicle use．
B． Putting off all construction．
C． Asking polluters to apologize for their action．
D． Reducing the emissions from power companies．
【分析】略
【解答】CAC
【点评】略
13．（1）A． In a studio．
B． In a clothing store．
C． At a beach resort．
D． At a fashion show．
（2）A． To live there permanently．
B． To stay there for half a year．
C． To find a better job to support herself．
D． To sell leather goods for a British company．
（3）A． Designing fashion items for several companies．
B． Modeling for a world﹣famous Italian company．
C． Working as an employee for Ferragamo．
D． Serving as a sales agent for Burberry．
（4）A． It has seen a steady decline in its profits．
B． It has become much more competitive．
C． It has lost many customers to foreign competitors．
D． It has attracted a lot of more designers from abroad．
【分析】略
【解答】ABAB
【点评】略
II. Grammar and VocabularySection A Directions： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.
14．
Marvel and Disney Remember Stan Lee
Today， Marvel Comics and The Walt Disney Company pause and reflect with great sadness on the passing of Marvel Chairman Emeritus， Stan Lee． With a heavy heart， we share our deepest condolences （哀悼）（1）　with　 his daughter and brother， and we honor and remember the creator， voice and champion of Marvel．
"Stan Lee was as extraordinary as the characters he created． A super hero in his own right to Marvel fans around the world， Stan had the power to inspire， to entertain， and to connect． Nothing but his heart （2）　could　 exceed the scale of his imagination．" said Bob Iger， Chairman and CEO of the Walt Disney Company．
Stan Lee loved the （3）　written　 （write） word from an early age， and wanted to craft stories like those in his favorite books and films， which he consumed greedily． From a simple upbringing in Manhattan， young Stanley worked his way through a series of jobs （4）　until　 he found himself an assistant at a comic book publishing company ﹣ Timely Comics．
Marvel fans found a friend in Stan Lee． He introduced the famous "Stan's Soapbox" to speak directly to his readers， （5）　reaching　 （reach） a personal level rarely seen in comics of the day． Always pushing for new ways of creating comics， Stan also started the "Marvel method" of plotting and art， creating some of （6）　the most fantastic　 （fantastic） stories in the industry to this day． An entire generation of young readers expanded and strengthened their vocabulary and knowledge through Stan's stories．
Roy Thomas， （7）　who　 succeeded Lee as editor﹣in﹣chief at Marvel， had visited Lee two days before （8）　his　 death to discuss the upcoming book The Stan Lee Story， and stated "I think he was ready to go． But he was still talking about doing more cameos（配角）． （9）　As long as/So long as　 he had the energy for it and didn't have to travel， Stan was always up （10）　to do　 （do） something more．"
Marvel and the entire Walt Disney Company salute the life and career of Stan Lee and offer their undying gratitude for his unmatchable accomplishments within their halls． Every time you open a Marvel comic， Stan will be there．
【分析】文章是一则新闻，讲述了漫威和迪士尼公司哀悼 Stan Lee的过世，追忆了他的成就．
【解答】1． with．考查介词，share…with..：和…分享，和兄弟姐妹分享哀悼，故填with．
2． could．考查情态动词，只有他的心才可以超越想象，因为是过去时，故填could．
3． written．考查形容词，形容词修饰名词word，书写的文字，故填written．
4． until．考查连词，直到做了漫画书发行公司助理，故填until引导时间状语从句．
5． reaching．考查非谓语，he与reach是主动关系，故填现在分词做状语，故填reaching．
6． the most fantastic．考查最高级，创造最好的故事，表示最高级，故填the most fantastic．
7． who．考查连词，先行词是 Roy Thomas，在定语从句中做主语，故填关系代词who．
8． his．考查代词，在他去世之前，death是名词，故填形容词性物主代词his．
9． As long as/So long as．考查连词，只要有精力， As long as/So long as：只要，故填 As long as/So long as．
10． to do．考查不定式，be up to do sth：从事某事，故填to do．
【点评】在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词．要做好语法填空题，理解短文是解题的前提，扎实的词汇、句型和语法知识是基础，英语国家的背景知识是必要的补充．考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容．答完后，还要通读全文，核对所填单词形式是否正确，是否符合语境．
Section B Directions： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
15．A． interpret B． encounter C． subjective D． ratings E． previously
F． belief G． bubbles H． preciously I． illustrates J． compliments K． site
The ability of the herd mentality（从众心理）to increase people's chances of liking or believing something may help explain a wide variety of phenomena． Aral （A managerial economist at the Massachusetts institute of technology） says， from housing （1）　G　 to gold prices and from political polls to restaurant reviews， the （2）　F　 that other people like something has a powerful ability to make people like it themselves．
The new study （3）　I　 how simple it would be for companies to control reviews of their products by simply adding a few positive （4）　D　 of their own early reviews in the process， Aral adds．
It found that effects were strongest when stories were about politics， business and cultures than for fun or lifestyle pieces． In situations where there are more （5）　C　 news reviews， you have to be a little more cautious about interpreting likes and dislikes．
"Think twice before you trust， how many likes something has，" he adds． "That's something you have to （6）　A　 with a grain of salt （持怀疑态度）．" And it's a situation many online users （7）　B　 on a daily basis．
Aral recently went onYelp．com to review a restaurant with a plan to give it three out of five stars， but when he got to the （8）　K　， he was shown how other people describe the same place and those reviews include someone with five stars． Seeing those positive reviews made him think twice about his own （9）　E　 average opinion．
"A woman （10）　J　 how great it is， how great her great prices are and how the lemon sauce is so great，" he says． "Maybe it's not such a good idea to say some rating right before you make your own．"
【分析】本文作者建议人们相信别人喜欢的东西，会有强大的能力让人们喜欢它自己．
【解答】GFIDC ABKEJ
1．G．句意理解题．根据句意可知，从房地产泡沫到黄金价格，从政治民意调查到餐馆评论．故选G．
2．F．句意理解题．根据句意可知，相信别人喜欢的东西，会有强大的能力让人们喜欢它自己．故选F．
3．I．句意理解题．根据句意可知，这项新研究表明，企业控制对其产品的评论是多么简单．故选I．
4．D．句意理解题．根据句意可知，这项新研究表明简单的将是企业控制的评论他们的产品，只需添加一些自己的积极的评级早期评论．故选D．
5．C．句意理解题．根据句意可知，在有更多主观新闻评论的情况下，你必须在表达好恶时更加谨慎．故选C．
6．A．句意理解题．根据句意可知，这是你必须有所保留的解释．故选A．
7．B．句意理解题．根据句意可知，这是许多在线用户每天都会遇到的情况．故选B．
8．K．句意理解题．根据句意可知，咸海最近去onYelp．com点评一家餐厅，计划给它打3分（满分5分）．故选K．
9．E．句意理解题．根据句意可知，看到这些正面的评论，他对自己之前的平均看法三思而后行．故选E．
10．J．句意理解题．根据句意可知，女人称赞它有多好，她的价格有多高，柠檬酱有多好．故选J．
【点评】本题题型为选词填空．在选择给定词语时，再考虑句子大意的前提下，还应该注意句子所用的时态，以及所填写的词在句子中的位置．通过这些判断，以符合题目要求．
III. Reading ComprehensionSection A Directions： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
16．Whether it's from an awful breakup or a painful life event， some memories can return repeatedly to our mind for the entire lives． But， what if science can （1）　D　 your bad memories so that you can start all over again？ As is known to all， memory is an incredibly complex （2）　B　． While scientists used to believe it was like a filing cabinet and particular memories were stored in different sections of the brain， we now know this is （3）　A　．
In fact， each memory is a brain wide process． If you end up remembering something， it's because the cells in your brain are being fired，（4）　D　 new connections and links and literally rebuild the circuitry of your mind． And this change is partially （5）　A　 by proteins in the brain． So what if the proteins aren't available？
Simply put， memories can't be made． Seriously， scientists have tested this by giving animals drugs that prevent these proteins from forming．（6）　C　， the animals have no recollection of the things that took place shortly after the drug was taken． From this research， scientists actually found a way to target long﹣term memories for （7）　C　． You see， every single time you remember a memory， your brain is once again firing and rewiring．
In fact， each time you reflect on a memory， you are physically changing that memory in your mind． And each time the memory is changed a little， it reflects your （8）　C　 thoughts． Remembering， to a great extent， is an act of （9）　B　 and imagination， which means that the more you reflect on old memories， the less accurate they will become． And scientists have actually quantified this change．
After 9/11， hundreds of people were asked about their memories of the dreadful day． A year later， 37% of the details had changed． By 2004， nearly 50% of the details had changed or gone （10）　D　． And because memories are formed and rebuilt every time， if you administer （服药） the protein﹣preventing drug while recalling a memory， the memory can be （11）　B　 removed．
To test this， scientists took lab rats and played sound for them， shortly followed by an electric shock．（12）　C　 doing this for many times， the rats quickly learned that if they heard the sound， a shock was soon to follow． Therefore， they would stress up and freeze every time they heard it． Months later， these rats would still （13）　B　 the noise． However， if they administered the drug first， the rats would lose the memory of the sound， and simply continue on． They had lost their memory of that specific noise．
To be sure that the drug wasn't just causing large﹣scale brain damage， scientists repeated these experiments with various tones this time． Both sounds would warn for a shock and （14）　C　 the rats would fear both． But if they administered the drug and played only one of the sounds， the mice would only forget that one tone， while still remaining （15）　D　 of the other． Over time scientists have discovered specific drugs to target particular proteins across different parts of the brain．

（1）A． refresh B． forget C． control D． erase
（2）A． range B． process C． idea D． structure
（3）A． incorrect B． evident C． partial D． complex
（4）A． eliminating B． decreasing C． bringing D． building
（5）A． inspired B． stopped C． identified D． perfected
（6）A． By contrast B． On the contrary C． As a result D． For example
（7）A． evaluation B． estimation C． deletion D． production
（8）A． terrified B． critical C． current D． former
（9）A． repetition B． creation C． function D． reproduction
（10）A． uncontrolled B． complicated C． valuable D． missing
（11）A． repeatedly B． effectively C． hardly D． consistently
（12）A． Before B． Until C． After D． While
（13）A． turn to B． respond to C． adapt to D． return to
（14）A． surprisingly B． especially C． eventually D． similarly
（15）A． suspicious B． careful C． painful D． fearful
【分析】短文主要讲了科学家通过实验找出能让人们忘记回忆的方法，通过服用一些药物能慢慢地忘记一些事情．
【解答】1﹣15 DBADA CCCBD BCBCD
1．D．动词的辨析，refresh使恢复，forget忘记，control控制，erase擦除，如果科学家能够清除掉你那些不好的记忆，让你重新开始，故答案为D．
2．B．名词的辨析，range范围，process过程，idea 想法，structure结构，根据下文的each memory is a brain wide process可知，记忆是一个相当复杂的过程，故答案为B．
3．A．上下文的理解，根据前文的scientists used to believe和下文的In fact， each memory is a brain wide process，对科学家之前认为的和事实上是不一样的，可知科学家之前的看法是不正确的，因此使用incorrect，故答案为A．
4．D．动名词的辨析，eliminating减少，decreasing减少，bringing带来，building构建，此处指脑里面的细胞有些被淘汰，建立了新的联系，故答案为D．
5．A．动词的辨析，inspired鼓励，stopped停止，identified辨认，perfected使完美，这种变化有一部分是我们大脑里的蛋白质所激发的，故答案为A．
6．C．短语的辨析，By contrast相比之下，On the contrary相反地， As a result结果，For example例如，动物服完药之后，结果他们就想不起之前发生过的事情，故答案为C．
7．C．名词的辨析，evaluation评估，estimation估计，deletion删除，production生产，从这个研究中，科学家找到了针对删除长期记忆的方法，故答案为C．
8．C．形容词的辨析，terrified害怕的，critical关键的，current现今的，former之前的，每次你的回忆改变了一点，它反映了你的现在想法，故答案为C．
9．B．名词的辨析，repetition重复，creation创造，function功能，reproduction再生产，根据下文的imagination可知，此处指的是记忆是创造和想象的一种行为，故答案为B．
10．D．形容词的辨析，uncontrolled不能控制的，complicated复杂的，valuable珍贵的，missing缺失的，到2004年的时候，大概有50%的细节人们回忆起来已经变了，或者是记不起来了，故答案为D．
11．B．副词的辨析，repeatedly重复地，effectively有效率地，hardly几乎不，consistently一贯地，如果你服用阻止蛋白的药，那么这些回忆就能有效地被移除，故答案为B．
12．C．介词的辨析，before之前，until直到，after之后，while当，此处指做完这个很多次之后，故答案为C．
13．B．短语的辨析，turn to求助于，respond to对…做出反应，adapt to适应，return to回到，几个月后这些老鼠仍然会对这响声作出反应，故答案为B．
14．C．副词的辨析，surprisingly令人惊奇地，especially特别，eventually最后，similarly 相似地，两种声音老鼠都会被震惊到，最后老鼠会害怕这两种声音，故答案为C．
15．D．形容词的辨析，suspicious怀疑的，careful小心的，painful痛苦的，fearful恐惧的，如果老鼠服药后，并只让它们听一种声音，那么他们会忘记掉一种，但仍然对另一种声音感到恐惧，故答案为D．
【点评】在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配．
Section B （22分）Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
17．Who would win in a fight， a lion or a tiger？ Well， if size has anything to do with the matter， the tiger would win． That's because tigers are the largest of all cat species． Tigers are not only large， they are also fast． They can sprint as fast as 40miles per hour for short distances and leap as far as 30feet horizontally． You might not think that such large， fast， and fierce creatures need help to survive， but they do．
It is estimated that at the start of the 20th century， there were over 100，000 tigers living in the wild． By the turn of the century， the number of tigers outside of captivity dwindled to just over 3，000． Interestingly， the most serious threats that tigers face come from a much smaller species， one with an average weight of around 140lbs． That species is Homo sapiens， better known as humans． Humans threaten tigers in primarily two ways： hunting and destroying habitat．
Tigers are hunted for many reasons． People have long valued the famous striped skins． Though trading tiger skins is now illegal in most parts of the world， tiger pelts are worth around ﹩10，000 on the black market． Though the fur would be incentive enough for most poachers， other parts of the tiger can also fetch a pretty penny． Some people in China and other Asian cultures believe that various tiger parts have healing properties． Traditional Chinese medicine calls for the use of tiger bones， amongst other parts， in some prescriptions．
Tigers have also been hunted as game． In other words， people hunted tigers solely for the thrill and achievement of killing them． Such killings took place in large scale during the 19th and early 20th centuries， when an English hunter might claim to kill over a hundred tigers in their hunting career． Though this practice is much less popular today than it was in the past， it has not ceased entirely．
Humans have done considerable damage to the world's tiger population through hunting， but perhaps more damage has been caused through the destruction of habitat． Tigers once ranged widely across Asia， all the way from Turkey to the eastern coast of Russia． But over the past 100 years， tigers have lost 93% of their historic range． Instead of spanning all the way across Asia， the tiger population is now isolated in small pockets in southern and southeastern Asia． This is because humans have drastically changed the environments． Humans have built towns and cities． Road and transit systems were created to connect these towns and cities． To feed the people living in these areas， forests and fields have been cleared to create farmland．
A major obstacle to preserving tigers is the enormous amount of territory that each tiger requires． Each wild tiger demands between 200 and 300 square miles． Tigers are also both territorial and solitary animals． This means that they are protective of the areas that they claim and they generally do not share with other tigers． Because tigers need so much territory， it is really difficult for conservationists to acquire enough land to support a large population of tigers．

（1）Which of the following is NOT a reason in the article explaining why tigers are hunted？　C　
A． Because tiger skins are worth a lot of money．
B． Because tiger parts are used as medicines in some cultures．
C． Because some tigers attack local villages．
D． Because tigers are hunted for enjoyment by some people．
（2）The underlined word "incentive" in the third paragraph probably means　A　．
A． attractive
B． innovative
C． alternative
D． respective
（3）Which best explains why tigers have lost so much of their habitat according to the text？　C　
A． Because tigers are under threat from other animals．
B． Because tiger skins are extremely valuable．
C． Because the environment has been changed．
D． Because tigers need so much space to survive．
（4）Which of the following best describes the author's main purpose in writing this article？　D　
A． To provide readers with interesting information about the lifestyles of tigers．
B． To persuade readers to help the world's tiger population and to offer ways to help．
C． To entertain readers with stories about how tigers hunt and are hunted．
D． To explain to readers why the world's tiger population is endangered．
【分析】本文是一篇说明文．作者通过对一些数据和事实的分析告知读者为什么世界上老虎的数量濒临灭绝．主要在于人类对其的猎杀以及对其生存环境的破坏．
【解答】1．C．细节题．根据文章第三段内容， Tigers are hunted for many reasons． People have long valued the famous striped skins…Some people in China and other Asian cultures believe that various tiger parts have healing properties． Traditional Chinese medicine calls for the use of tiger bones， amongst other parts， in some prescriptions…In other words， people hunted tigers solely for the thrill and achievement of killing them．人类猎杀老虎是为了其可以卖的昂贵价格的皮毛，还有老虎的骨头可以药用，以及有人以猎杀老虎为乐．没有提及C选项的内容，故选C．
2．A．词义猜测题．根据文章第三段内容， Though the fur would be incentive enough for most poachers， other parts of the tiger can also fetch a pretty penny． 虽然皮毛对大多数偷猎者来说足具有吸引力的，但老虎的其他部分也能挣到相当可观的钱．结合选项，故选A．
3．C．细节题．根据文章倒数第二段内容，Instead of spanning all the way across Asia， the tiger population is now isolated in small pockets in southern and southeastern Asia． This is because humans have drastically changed the environments．现在，老虎的数量已经被隔离在亚洲南部和东南部的小地方，而不是横跨整个亚洲，这是因为人类已经彻底改变了环境．结合选项，故选C．
4．D．写作目的题．根据文章内容，作者通过对一些数据和事实的分析告知读者为什么世界上老虎的数量濒临灭绝．主要在于人类对其的猎杀以及对其生存环境的破坏．结合选项，故选D．
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．
18．
Learning English Video Project
1． Encounters in the UK （17 minutes）Watch | CommentsEncounters in the UK is the first film in this documentary mini﹣series． It tells the story of four girls from different countries who travel to Cambridge in England to study English and stay with local families in what is called a "homestay" arrangement． For the four girls the homestay arrangement is a positive experience． As one of the homestay hosts explains： "It's going to be a great experience， not only in terms of learning English， but in learning about life．"Watch with Subtitles | Watch without Subtitles | Comments
2． Insights from China （18 minutes）Watch | CommentsNever say dieBased in the busy， cosmopolitan city of Shanghai， Daniel Emmerson's latest film Insights from China takes us inside the worlds of English language learning and teaching and the airline industry in China． "Insights from China" focuses largely on the staff and management of a Chinese airline company that has recently committed to learning English． Spring Airlines is the first low﹣cost airline in China．Watch with Subtitles | Watch without Subtitles | Comments
3． Stories from Morocco （16 minutes）Watch | CommentsSet in Casablanca， Morocco， this film features footage and interviews focusing on key questions such as "Why are people learning English？" and "What tips and advice can learners offer？" Staff and learners discuss the advantages and challenges of English language learning in Morocco． Interviewees touch on a variety of topics including British vs． American accents， multi﹣level classrooms， and the similarities of English to French and Spanish．Watch with Subtitles | Watch without Subtitles | Comments
4． Thoughts from Brazil （17 minutes）Watch | CommentsLike Insights from China， Thoughts from Brazil also looks at modern trends in learning English， especially for children and teens． It will be of particular interest to all those who long for a learning experience that is more interactive and communicative． Teens and young adults will find new ideas for combining personal interests such as music， gaming and social media with self﹣study． As Daniel Emmerson talks to learners and teachers of English in Sao Paulo， Brazil， he discovers that many of them have found for themselves the principle of learning by doing and have readily adapted it to the Internet era．Watch with Subtitles | Watch without Subtitles | Comments
（1）From the passage we can conclude that "Learning English Video Project" is most probably　C　．
A． an online coursefocusing on language and culture
B． audio documents on language learning
C． a series of English learning video programs
D． a set of films on English﹣speaking countries
（2）If someone is interested in the comparison between English and other languages， he might be interested to watch　B　．
A． Encounters in the UK
B． Stories from Morocco
C． Thoughts from Brazil
D． Insights from China
（3）What can we know about English learning in Sao Paulo， Brazil？　D　
A． Classroom teaching is more interactive and communicative．
B． Homestay arrangement provides positive experience for learners．
C． The Internet and games plays a major role in language learning．
D． The principle of learning by doing is widely accepted by learners．
【分析】本文属于广告类阅读，主要向我们介绍了三个学习英语的短视频，它们是学习英语的视频项目，向有不同需求的读者提供了不同的学习视频．
【解答】1．C．推理判断题，根据1．Encounters in the UK （17 minutes）2．Stories from Morocco （16 minutes）3． Thoughts from Brazil （17 minutes）可知学习英语视频节目是一系列短的视频节目，故选C．
2．B．细节理解题，根据Interviewees touch on a variety of topics including British vs．American accents，multi﹣level classrooms，and the similarities of English to French and Spanish．可知Stories from Morocco中介绍了英国和美国口音和英语，法语和西班牙语的相似性，故选B．
3．D．细节理解题，根据As Daniel Emmerson talks to learners and teachers of English in Sao Paulo，Brazil，he discovers that many of them have found for themselves the principle of learning by doing and have readily adapted it to the Internet era．可知在圣保罗通过做来学习的原则被学习者广泛接受，故选D．
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据．
19．The Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year indicated a new era for climate action． For the first time， the world's nations agreed to keep global warming well below 2℃．
This is vital for climate﹣vulnerable nations． Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world's greenhouse gas emissions． In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports， we reveal just how deep this injustice runs．
Developed nations such as Australia， the United States， Canada， and European countries are essentially climate "free﹣riders"： causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions， while paying few of the costs such as climate changes impact on food and water． In other words， a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels， while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change．
On the other hand， there are many "forced riders"， who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem． Many of the world's most climate﹣vulnerable countries， the majority of which are African or small island states， produce a very small quantity of emissions． This is much like a non﹣smoker getting cancer from second﹣hand smoke， while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health．
The Paris agreement has been widely considered as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all， although the details on addressing "climate justice" can be best described as incomplete．
The goal of keeping global temperature rise "well below" 2℃ deserves to be praised but the emissions reduction promises submitted by countries leading up to the Paris talks are very unlikely to deliver on this．
More than ﹩100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions． However， the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions， effectively ignoring historical emissions． There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or， importantly， who is responsible for their provision． Securing these funds and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate﹣vulnerable countries．
The most climate﹣vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most． There must urgently be a meaningful mobilization of the policies outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change．
And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high﹣emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants （暴君） or pioneers．

（1）The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because　A　．
A． it is unfair to those climate﹣vulnerable nations
B． it aims to keep temperature rise below 2℃ only
C． it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countries
D． it burdens developed countries with the full responsibility
（2）Why does the author call some developed countries climate "free﹣riders"？　C　
A． They needn't worry about the food and water they consume．
B． They are better able to cope with the global climate change．
C． They hardly pay anything for the problems they have caused．
D． They are free from the greenhouse effects affecting "forced riders"．
（3）What does the author say about the ﹩100 billion funding？　B　
A． It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions．
B． There is no final agreement on where it will come from．
C． There is no clarification of how the money will be spent．
D． It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide．
（4）What urgent action must be taken to realize the Paris climate agreement？　D　
A． Encouraging high﹣emitting nations to take the initiative．
B． Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts．
C． Pushing the current world leaders to come to a consensus．
D． Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once．
【分析】去年12月达成的巴黎气候协定标志着气候行动的新时代．世界各国第一次同意将全球变暖保持在2℃以下．只有不到4%的国家对世界上一半以上的温室气体排放负有责任．在发表在《自然》杂志上的一份科学报告中，我们揭示了这种不公正的程度．
【解答】1．A 细节理解题．根据第二段This is vital for climate﹣vulnerable nations． Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world's greenhouse gas emissions． In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports， we reveal just how deep this injustice runs．只有不到4%的国家对世界上一半以上的温室气体排放负有责任．在发表在《自然》杂志上的一份科学报告中，我们揭示了这种不公正的程度，可知这对那些气候脆弱的国家是不公平的，故选A．
2．C 细节理解题．根据第二段Developed nations such as Australia， the United States， Canada， and European countries are essentially climate "free﹣riders"： causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions， while paying few of the costs such as climate changes impact on food and water澳大利亚、美国、加拿大和欧洲等发达国家本质上是气候的"自由职业者"：由于温室气体的大量排放，造成大部分问题，而气候变化对食物和水的影响等成本却很少．可