第三十一讲 强调句
(解析版)
黑龙江哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
英语中的强调句常会出现在高考试卷中，它是英语的一种习惯用法，也是英语重要的语言现象之一。在历年高考试题中，强调句都曾是各地高考中的热点，在各地高考试题中都有不同程度的体现；在近年的高考试题中，强调句式的涉及面也较广泛，是高考试卷中非常重要语法项目之一。学生们在复习时，常常把强调句式与定语从句等句型混淆。教师在辅导学生进行强调句复习的时候，首先要注重对其语言知识进行梳理，夯实基础知识，掌握核心内容，避免偏题、难题和怪题；教师要注意把有关省略句的语法现象从横向与纵向进行融会贯通，通过对语言知识的梳理提高学生借助语法知识进行阅读与写作能力。因此，教师要逐条列出学生出容易出现错误的问题，通过典型例句的讲解和巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。
I. 强调句概述（The Summary of Emphatic Pattern）
强调句是英语修辞句式的一种，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调，从而起到修辞的作用。强调句的基本结构（英语最常用的强调结构，除强调谓语外）是：
It is (was) + 被强调部分 (主语、宾语或状语) + who (that) ……
通常，被强调部分指人时用who；指事物时用that，that也可以指人。在美国英语中指事物时常用which来代替that。在这种强调句结构中通常强调的是句子的主语，宾语，状语等；也可以强调主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和部分状语从句。当要强调的是句子的主语，且指人时用：It is / was + 被强调成分 + that / who + 句子其余部分。这个结构不能用来强调谓语，强调谓语要用：助动词do/ does/ did+动词原形结构进行强调。
1. 陈述句的强调句型
It is / was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that / who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其他部分。
It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.
他是昨天遇见李平的。
2. 一般疑问句的强调句型
根据上面的句型结构，把is/ was提到it前面，结尾用问号。
Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
他是昨天遇见过李平的吗？
3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型
被强调部分（疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分？
When and where was it that you were born?
你何时在哪儿出生的？
not ... until ...句型的强调句
句型：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分
普通句：He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
【温馨提示】
此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till，until可通用；再则，句型中It is / was not ... 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，不可以再用否定句。
谓语动词的强调
句型： It is/ was ... that ... 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did。
Do sit down.
务必请坐。
Do be careful when you cross the street.
过马路时，千万要小心啊！
【温馨提示】
此种强调只用do/ does和did，没有其他形式；过去时用did，其后的谓语动词用动词原形。
II. 强调句的基本用法
1. 强调句的基本用法
结合强调句的结构“It is/ was+被强调成分+that+句子其余部分”。
以句子“Mr. Zhang told his students an interesting story in the classroom yesterday.（张老师昨天在教室里讲了一个有趣的故事）”为例，来说明如何对一个句子的某个成分，如主语，宾语，状语强调的构成。
1）强调主语
对主语强调可用“It is/ was... that/ who...”。
It was Mr. Zhang who/ that told his students an interesting story in the classroom yesterday.
昨天在教室里讲了一个有趣的故事的是张老师。
2）强调宾语
有些及物动词可带有双宾语，即：直接宾语和间接宾语，所以可以对两个宾语分别进行强调。
It was his students that Mr. Zhang told an interesting story in the classroom yesterday.昨天张老师在教室里讲一个有趣的故事是给他的学生们听的。
It was an interesting story that Mr. Zhang told his students in the classroom yesterday.昨天张老师在教室里给他学生们讲的是一个有趣的故事。
3）强调状语
对状语的强调常是地点状语、时间状语和方式状语。
It was in the classroom that Mr. Zhang told his students an interesting story yesterday.
昨天张老师是在教室里给他的学生们讲了一个有趣的故事。
It was yesterday Mr. Zhang told his students an interesting story in the classroom.
张老师是在昨天在教室里给他的学生们讲了一个有趣的故事。
4）强调谓语
谓语部分强调用“do/ does/ did+动词原形”的结构，但这种结构只能用于一般现在时和一般过去式中，不可用于其他时态。
I do hope you will pass the English exam.
我真的希望你能通过这次英语考试。
He did come to school very early this morning.
他今天确实到校很早。
5）强调特殊问词
特殊疑问词（包括特殊疑问代词和副词）常出现在特殊疑问句和复合句的从句中。对特殊疑问句中的特殊疑问词进行强调时，要将该特殊疑问词放在句首，语序为疑问语序；对复合句中从句的特殊疑问词进行强调时，要将该特殊疑问词放在句首，语序为陈述语序。
When did you meet Mr. Brown yesterday？
你昨天什么时候遇见布朗先生的？
对when进行强调：
When was it that you met Mr. Brown yesterday？
你昨天是什么时候遇见布朗先生的？
I didn’t know where he had gone.
我不知道他去了哪里。
对where进行强调：
I didn’t know where it was that he had gone.
我不知道他去的地方是哪里。
由此可以归纳出特殊疑问词出现在疑问句中进行强调的句式为：
“Wh- is/ was it that...”
对复合句中从句的特殊疑问词进行强调的句式为：
“Wh- it is/ was that...”
两句式区别的关键之处在于语序。
2. 强调复合句
“It is/ was... that...”结构除了对担任某个句子成分的单个词或短语进行强调外，还可以用来强调复合句中的从句，如时间状语从句，原因状语从句和某些名词性从句等。
What he said is very important.
他说的话很重要。
强调主语从句：
It is what he said that is very important.
正是他说的话很重要。
I object to how she does it.
我反对她怎么做。
强调主语从句：
It is how she does it that I object to.
我反对的正是她这样做的方式。
Because he got up late, he didn’t catch the first bus.
因为他起得晚，没赶上第一班公共汽车。
强调原因状语从句：
It was because he got up late that he didn’t catch the first bus.
正是因为他起得晚，才没赶上第一班公共汽车。
The train had left when I got to the station.
我到车站时火车已经开走了。
强调时间状语从句：
It was when I got to the station that the train had left.
我到车站时，火车已经开走了。
对“not... until...”句型中的“until + 时间状语/时间状语从句”进行强调时，不但要把not置于until之前，而且要把“not until + 状语”放在It is/ was之后，原来的句子要还原为陈述句。
I didn’t leave until he came.
他来之前我没有离开。
强调时间状语从句：
It was not until he came that I left.
直到他来我才离开。
由此可归纳出强调状语从句的基本句式为：
“It is/ was+从句that+主句”
而“not... until...”的强调句式为：
“It is/ was not until + 从句that+主句（肯定）”
在这种结构中对原因状语从句只强调because引导的原因状语从句，而不能对as，since引导的原因状语从句进行强调。
1. 强调句的判断方法
含有“It is / was …that …”的句子不一定都是强调句，所以要注意加以区别，以防在语义上产生偏差。
其检验的方法：去掉“It is / was …that …”之后，仍能组成一个完整的句子，表达完整的意思，则是强调句，否则就不是强调句。
It is the factory where he worked several years ago. （不是强调句）
这是他几年前工作的工厂。
It was in the factory that he worked several years ago.（强调句）
几年前他就是在这个工厂工作。
Is it three years since he became a PLA man?（不是强调句）
他参军三年了吗？
Is it three years ago that he became a PLA man?（强调句）
他是三年前参军的吗？
It is clear that he is round and tall like a tree. （主语从句）
很明显，他又圆又高，就像棵树一样。
1）用还原法判断
用还原法判断“it is/ was...”结构是否是强调句，只需将已经强调的句子还原为以前未强调的句子。
“It is/ was... that...”强调结构对句子的某个部分进行强调时，要将原句中需要被强调的某个部分提出来置于is/ was之后that之前，is/ was之后和that之前的部分恰好是原句子中所缺少的部分；因此要判断一个“It is/ was... that...”结构的句子是否是强调句，可以将“It is/ was... that..”这个框架去掉，对剩余句子在不加词、不减词的情况下调整一下语序后仍然是一个完整的句子就是强调句。
It was the Great Wall that we visited last week.
上周我们参观的是长城。
将“It was... that...”去掉，再将the Great Wall调整到宾语的位置上，变为：
We visited the Great Wall last week.
上周我们参观了长城。（由此可以看出原句是强调句）
It is the truth that we visited the Great Wall last week.
上周我们参观了长城，这是事实。
将“It was... that...”去掉后，the truth无法还原到后面的句子中，剩余的部分无法构成一个完整的句子，所以这不是一个强调句。在这个句子中it是形式主语，代替that从句，故整个句子是一个含有主语从句的复合句。
2）根据语境判断
对于有些含在一定语境中的“It was...”结构的选择题，即使按照强调句的结构选that后，又用还原法可以还原为一个完整的句子，若只看单个句子，理解为强调句是正确的，但在具体语境中并非是强调句。
--Where did you meet Mr Smith yesterday？
--It was in the factory __________ we worked 10 years ago.
A. that B. where
在这个题中，如果只看答语，可选A，然而，它又可还原为we worked in the factory 10 years ago，这是一个结构、意义完整的句子，很像强调句。但到具体的语境中就会发现，这个句子并不是强调句。
―你昨天是在什么地方见到Mr. Smith的？
―我是在我们十年前曾工作过的工厂里见到他的。
其答案只能是B，这是定语从句。因此，看到一个相似于强调句结构句式的题，既要结合还原法，还不能放过具体的语境，只有这样才能做到判断的准确无误。
2. 强调句的特殊现象
1）人称代词的强调
若要强调句子中的某个人称代词，则必须保持该人称代词格的不变，以及原句中谓语动词在人称和数上的不变。
I have told him the news.
我把这个消息告诉了他。
对him强调：
It is him that I have told the news.
我告诉这个消息的是他。
She is against the plan.
她反对这个计划。
对she强调：
It is she that is against the plan.
正是她反对这个计划。
2）倒装句中的强调
若对倒装句的某一部分进行强调后，原倒装句不再倒装。
Never has she seen a snake before.
她以前从未见过蛇。
对a snake强调：
It is a snake that she has never seen before.
这是一条她从未见过的蛇。
3）强调定语从句的先行词
当强调部分为定语从句所修饰的名词时，要将该名词连同定语从句一起放在被强调的位置。
Tom found his lost pen in the room where he studied for three years.
汤姆在他学习了三年的房间里找到了丢失的笔。
强调地点状语：
It was in the room where he studied for three years that Tom found his lost dictionary.
汤姆是在他曾经学习了三年的房间里找到了他丢失的词典。
该句中的where是关系副词，引导定语从句来修饰the room。
3. 强调句中需要注意的地方
前面已经告诉我们，当句子的主语、宾语或状语需要强调时，常采用的句型是：
It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who +其他成分
1）强调时间、地点、原因、方式等状语时，不用when，where，why或how等，而要用that。
It was this morning that I met Li Ping in the street.
我是今天早上在街上遇见李平的。
It was in the park that I met Li Ping.
我是在公园里遇见李平的。
It was because she was ill that they didn’t ask her to do the job.
是因为她病了，他们才不让她做这项工作。
【温馨提示】这个句型（It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who +其他成分）不能用于强调让步状语从句、比较状语从句和以since，as引导的原因状语从句以及表语从句。
2）注意疑问句的强调结构。
一般疑问句：Is / Was + it + that +句子的其他部分（陈述语序）
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ is / was + it + that +句子的其他部分（陈述语序）
Was it at eight o’clock that you began to work?
你是八点钟开始工作的吗？
What is it that makes this kind of fish different from other fish?
是什么使这种鱼不同于其他鱼？
How was it that you missed such a fine lecture?
你怎么错过了这么好的讲座？
3）如果原句含有 not…until（短语或从句），变成强调结构时，应把 not 和 until 一并置于be之后。
It was not until I told her that she knew anything about it.
直到我告诉她，她才知道这件事。
It was not until his father came in that the boy began to prepare his lessons.
直到他父亲进来，男孩才开始准备功课。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
直到她摘下墨镜，我才意识到她是一位著名的电影明星。
4）被强调部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用who。
lt was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about．
他们都记得正在谈论的那些事情和那些人。
4. 强调句的其他形式
1）利用倒装结构或句首强调可以强调表语、宾语或状语等。
Great progress you’ve made this term. (宾语)
你这个学期取得了很大的进步。
Here comes the bus. (状语)
公共汽车来了。
Hardly did I meet him in the daytime. (否定结构)
我几乎没有在白天见到他
A flying rooster it certainly was.（表语）
一只会飞的公鸡。
2）助动词do，does，did用于肯定句或祈使句中表示强调
助动词do，does，did用于肯定句或祈使句中时，一般译为：务必、一定、确实、的确等。
Do come here early.
一定早点来
She did send you the gift last week.
她上周确实送这件礼物给你。
Mary does love you.
玛丽确实喜欢你。
3）用定冠词the，指示代词that，this或代词所有格 + very表示强调
The very sight of you makes me miss Peter.
一见到你我就想念彼得。
He will do his very best to overcome the trouble.
他一定会竭力克服这个难关。
The accident happened on that very day.
事故正是发生在那一天。
4）在形容词、副词的比较级前加修饰成分much，still，even，a little，a lot，a great，a great deal，far等表示加强语气的强调手法。
My brother is much fatter than before.
我的哥哥比以前更胖了。
Playing basketball is a lot more exciting than playing volleyball.
打篮球比打排球更加令人兴奋。
His idea is playing an even greater role in teaching.
他的意见在教学中起着更为重大的作用。
It is far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done.
这是我所做过的事中最棒的。
5）用at all置于否定句、疑问句、条件从句中以加强语气的强调手法
He dosen’t say sorry at all for the mistakes (that) he has done.
他对自己的错误竟不说声抱歉。
Do they come to the meeting at all?
他们究竟有没有来参加会议？
If you go at all, better start before sunrise.
如果你真的要走，最好在日出前动身。
6）句子中使用in the world或on earth，用于疑问句及否定句，表示：究竟、到底。
What on earth are you doing here?
你究竟在这儿干什么？
Where in the world have you been?
你到底是去哪儿了？
Nothing on earth will satisfy her.
她永不知足（没有任何东西能使她满意）。
7）用疑问代词或疑问副词结构+ever、或者用ever+so/such来加强so及such的语气。
What ever did you tell our teacher yesterday?
你昨天究竟跟老师说了什么？
Where ever did you find my lost bike?
你究竟在哪里找到我那本丢失的书的？
How ever can we finish the homework in such a short period of time?
我们究竟怎样能够在如此短时间内完成作业？
There are ever so many legends about the Great Wall.
关于长城有许许多多的传说。
Li Ping is ever such a clever boy.
李平是个极其用功的好男孩。
知识点一 It is (was) that… 强调句辨别
例1：It was at midnight ___________ we arrived home at last.
A. when B. that C. where D. at which
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我们终于在午夜到家了。根据是否是强调句的辨别方法，假设空格处是that，然后去掉it was和that，整个句子剩余部分是一个表达完整的句子，这时候，该句子就是一个强调句。本句子中去掉it was和that之后，at midnight是全句的时间状语，由此得出：这个句子是一个强调句，因此要选择that。所以选择答案为B。
变式训练1：
1）It was midnight __________ we arrived home at last.
A. when B. that C. where D. at which
2）-- Where did you found him at last?
-- It was in the hotel __________ he stayed.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
知识点二 典型的强调句型（It is(was)+被强调部分+that/who +其他成分）中，强调部分只有It is(was) 一种形式
例2：-- Who are making noise in the garden?
-- _________ the children.
A. It’s B. They’re C. She is D. That is
【答案】A
【解析】句意：--谁在花园里吵闹？--是孩子们在花园里吵闹。答这道题的关键是理解好答语，答语其实是个只说了一半儿的强调句，说全了应该是：It’s the children who are making noise in the garden. 强调部分不管是单数名词还是复数名词，都只有It is(was)这一种形式，不可以用They’re，She is，That is等。故选择答案A。
变式训练2：
1）_________ in the factory that he worked several years ago.
A. That is B. That was C. Where is D. It was
2）_________ artists who satisfy our spiritual pursuit and enrich our lives.
A. They are B. that is C. It is D. They were
知识点三 强调句与定语从句的区别
例3：It is on the island _________ they spent 10 years.
A. where B. on which C. that D. at which
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他们就是在这个岛上度过了10年。该句为强调句。表示地点的名词the island前有介词与其连用，说明它是一个完整的地点状语。如果将it is去掉，They spent 10 years on the island. 它的意义仍然完整。故应选用连接词that构成强调句式。另外，强调地点状语时，不能用where连接，所以首先排除答案A；答案B和D都是连接定语从句的，因为it is后面已经有了on表示地点，如果这里没有on，才可以考虑选择答案B或D引导定语从句。故选择答案C。
变式训练3：
1）It is the island __________ they spent 10 years.
A. that B. on which C. when D. on where
2）It is on the date __________ she went abroad.
A. when B. that C. which D. on which
知识点四 not … until … 句型的强调句
例4：It was ___________his wife came back that he ________ to bed.
A. until；didn’t go B. till；went
C. not until；didn’t go D. not until；went
【答案】D
【解析】句意：直到他妻子回来，他才去睡觉。从it was… that可以看出此句为强调句型，该句型只能用until，不用till，所以排除答案B（如果不是强调句型，till，until可通用）。因为句型中It is/ was not ... 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，不可再用否定句，因此又排除了答案A和C，另外，答案A也不符合句型结构。对not... until...句型中的until + 时间状语/时间状语从句进行强调时，不但要把not置于until之前，而且要把not until + 状语放在It is/ was之后。故选择答案D。
变式训练4：
1）He didn't go to bed _________ his wife came back.
A. not till B. not until C. until D. untill
2）It is ____________ suffering from various diseases that people realize the importance of health.
A. until B. till C. not until D. not till
知识点五 倒装句式用于强调
例5： Only when I left my parents for Italy ____________ how much I loved them．
A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize
【答案】D
【解析】句意：直到我离开父母的时候，才意识到我多么爱他们。only位于句首修饰状语时，句子倒装以便强调，即助动词提到主语前面。根据状语从句中谓语动词的时态可知用一般过去时。故选择答案D。
变式训练5：
1）It was announced that only when the fire was under control _________ to return to their homes.
A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permitted
C. would the residents be permitted D. the residents had been permitted
2）Seldom____________ video games ever since they entered college.
A. they have played B. they played
C. have they played D. they have played
一、选择题（Choose the best answer）
1. It was lack of money, not of effort, __________defeated their plan.
A. which B. as C. that D. what
2. --Was it under the tree _________ you were away talking to a friend?
--Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone."
A. that B. where C. which D. while
3. It was just in the room _________ he was born _________ he met his step mother.
A. where, which B. that, that C. where, that D. which, that
4. _________ you eat the correct foods ________ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
A. only if；will you B. Only if；you will
C. Unless；will you D. Unless；you will
5. It was the boy _________ had been in prison _________ stole the money.
A. who, where B. that, how C. who, that D. that, which
6. I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom _________ so lonely as now.
A. have I felt B. I had felt C. I have felt D. Had I felt
7. It was his nervousness in the interview _________ probably lost him the job.
A. which B. since C. that D. what
8. It is the ability to do the job __________ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
9. -- How was the televised debate last night?
-- Super! Rarely __________ so much media attention.
A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract
C. a debate did attract D. attracted a debate
10. ________ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
A. It was we being late B. It was our being late
C. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late
11. Who was it _________ saved the drowning girl?
A. since B. as C. that D. he
12. Little __________ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business.
A. he realized B. be didn’t realize
C. didn’t he realize D. did he realize
13. What is it _________ his daughter needs most?
A. what B. which C. that D. if
14. It was when she was about to go to bed _________ the telephone rang.
A. since B. as C. that D. then
15. Never in my wildest dreams_________ these people are living in such poor conditions．
A．I could imagine B．could I imagine
C．I couldn’t imagine D．couldn’t I imagine
16. It was what he meant rather than what he said ________ annoyed me.
A. which B. as C. what D. that
17. They have a good knowledge of English but little _______they know about German.
A. have B. did C. had D. do
18. Just in front of our house __________ with a history of 1,000 years.
A. does a tall tree stand B. stands a tall tree
C. a tall tree is standing D. a tall tree stands
19. So difficult __________ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.
A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found
20. Only then _________ how much damage had been caused.
A. she realized B. she had realized
C. had she realized D. did she realize
二、句型训练（Choose the best words to fill in the blanks）
1. It was very __________ that little Jim wrote the letter. （careful；carefully）
2. It may have been at Christmas ________ John gave Mary a handbag. （that；when）
3. --Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?
--It was in the hall _________ the students often have a meeting. (where；that)
4. It was in the small house ________ was built with stones by his father _________ he spent his childhood. (which, that；that, which)
5. Never before ________ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. （has this city been；this city has been）
6. It's more than half a century ________ my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people. （that；since）
7. Was it five o'clock ________the fire broke out? (when；that)
8. Was it at five o'clock __________the fire broke out? (when；that )
9. In the dark forests ________, some large enough to hold several English towns. ( stand many lakes；lie many lakes )
10. --How was _________ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?
--Totally by chance. (it that；he that)
三、Translate the following into Chinese（英译汉）
1. It was he who/that read three books in the library yesterday.
2. It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
3. It was in the hotel where/in which my father worked that I met Mrs. Smith.
4. It was on Wednesday that we went hiking.
5. It was I that/who met Tom in the street yesterday.
6. It is important that we should learn English well.
7. It is tomorrow that she will meet her father at the airport.
8. It was I that/who met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
9. It was not until Mary came back that he went to work.
10. Do be careful when you cross the street.
四、Translate the following into English（汉译英）
1. 我昨天是在街上遇见的汤姆。
2. 就我是一名学生
3. 正是明天我要去北京。
4. 这是昨天晚上我父亲在实验室做的实验。
5. 就他是对的。
6. 是上周，我在街上见到她的。
7. 就他们是正确的。
8. 他哥哥是想买一辆新的自行车。
9. 上周他确实给你写了信。
10. 我上星期认识的就是汤姆。
第三十一讲 强调句
(解析版)
黑龙江哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
英语中的强调句常会出现在高考试卷中，它是英语的一种习惯用法，也是英语重要的语言现象之一。在历年高考试题中，强调句都曾是各地高考中的热点，在各地高考试题中都有不同程度的体现；在近年的高考试题中，强调句式的涉及面也较广泛，是高考试卷中非常重要语法项目之一。学生们在复习时，常常把强调句式与定语从句等句型混淆。教师在辅导学生进行强调句复习的时候，首先要注重对其语言知识进行梳理，夯实基础知识，掌握核心内容，避免偏题、难题和怪题；教师要注意把有关省略句的语法现象从横向与纵向进行融会贯通，通过对语言知识的梳理提高学生借助语法知识进行阅读与写作能力。因此，教师要逐条列出学生出容易出现错误的问题，通过典型例句的讲解和巩固训练提高学生的语言应用能力。
I. 强调句概述（The Summary of Emphatic Pattern）
强调句是英语修辞句式的一种，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调，从而起到修辞的作用。强调句的基本结构（英语最常用的强调结构，除强调谓语外）是：
It is (was) + 被强调部分 (主语、宾语或状语) + who (that) ……
通常，被强调部分指人时用who；指事物时用that，that也可以指人。在美国英语中指事物时常用which来代替that。在这种强调句结构中通常强调的是句子的主语，宾语，状语等；也可以强调主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和部分状语从句。当要强调的是句子的主语，且指人时用：It is / was + 被强调成分 + that / who + 句子其余部分。这个结构不能用来强调谓语，强调谓语要用：助动词do/ does/ did+动词原形结构进行强调。
1. 陈述句的强调句型
It is / was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that / who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其他部分。
It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.
他是昨天遇见李平的。
2. 一般疑问句的强调句型
根据上面的句型结构，把is/ was提到it前面，结尾用问号。
Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
他是昨天遇见过李平的吗？
3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型
被强调部分（疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分？
When and where was it that you were born?
你何时在哪儿出生的？
not ... until ...句型的强调句
句型：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分
普通句：He didn't go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
【温馨提示】
此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till，until可通用；再则，句型中It is / was not ... 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，不可以再用否定句。
谓语动词的强调
句型： It is/ was ... that ... 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did。
Do sit down.
务必请坐。
Do be careful when you cross the street.
过马路时，千万要小心啊！
【温馨提示】
此种强调只用do/ does和did，没有其他形式；过去时用did，其后的谓语动词用动词原形。
II. 强调句的基本用法
1. 强调句的基本用法
结合强调句的结构“It is/ was+被强调成分+that+句子其余部分”。
以句子“Mr. Zhang told his students an interesting story in the classroom yesterday.（张老师昨天在教室里讲了一个有趣的故事）”为例，来说明如何对一个句子的某个成分，如主语，宾语，状语强调的构成。
1）强调主语
对主语强调可用“It is/ was... that/ who...”。
It was Mr. Zhang who/ that told his students an interesting story in the classroom yesterday.
昨天在教室里讲了一个有趣的故事的是张老师。
2）强调宾语
有些及物动词可带有双宾语，即：直接宾语和间接宾语，所以可以对两个宾语分别进行强调。
It was his students that Mr. Zhang told an interesting story in the classroom yesterday.昨天张老师在教室里讲一个有趣的故事是给他的学生们听的。
It was an interesting story that Mr. Zhang told his students in the classroom yesterday.昨天张老师在教室里给他学生们讲的是一个有趣的故事。
3）强调状语
对状语的强调常是地点状语、时间状语和方式状语。
It was in the classroom that Mr. Zhang told his students an interesting story yesterday.
昨天张老师是在教室里给他的学生们讲了一个有趣的故事。
It was yesterday Mr. Zhang told his students an interesting story in the classroom.
张老师是在昨天在教室里给他的学生们讲了一个有趣的故事。
4）强调谓语
谓语部分强调用“do/ does/ did+动词原形”的结构，但这种结构只能用于一般现在时和一般过去式中，不可用于其他时态。
I do hope you will pass the English exam.
我真的希望你能通过这次英语考试。
He did come to school very early this morning.
他今天确实到校很早。
5）强调特殊问词
特殊疑问词（包括特殊疑问代词和副词）常出现在特殊疑问句和复合句的从句中。对特殊疑问句中的特殊疑问词进行强调时，要将该特殊疑问词放在句首，语序为疑问语序；对复合句中从句的特殊疑问词进行强调时，要将该特殊疑问词放在句首，语序为陈述语序。
When did you meet Mr. Brown yesterday？
你昨天什么时候遇见布朗先生的？
对when进行强调：
When was it that you met Mr. Brown yesterday？
你昨天是什么时候遇见布朗先生的？
I didn’t know where he had gone.
我不知道他去了哪里。
对where进行强调：
I didn’t know where it was that he had gone.
我不知道他去的地方是哪里。
由此可以归纳出特殊疑问词出现在疑问句中进行强调的句式为：
“Wh- is/ was it that...”
对复合句中从句的特殊疑问词进行强调的句式为：
“Wh- it is/ was that...”
两句式区别的关键之处在于语序。
2. 强调复合句
“It is/ was... that...”结构除了对担任某个句子成分的单个词或短语进行强调外，还可以用来强调复合句中的从句，如时间状语从句，原因状语从句和某些名词性从句等。
What he said is very important.
他说的话很重要。
强调主语从句：
It is what he said that is very important.
正是他说的话很重要。
I object to how she does it.
我反对她怎么做。
强调主语从句：
It is how she does it that I object to.
我反对的正是她这样做的方式。
Because he got up late, he didn’t catch the first bus.
因为他起得晚，没赶上第一班公共汽车。
强调原因状语从句：
It was because he got up late that he didn’t catch the first bus.
正是因为他起得晚，才没赶上第一班公共汽车。
The train had left when I got to the station.
我到车站时火车已经开走了。
强调时间状语从句：
It was when I got to the station that the train had left.
我到车站时，火车已经开走了。
对“not... until...”句型中的“until + 时间状语/时间状语从句”进行强调时，不但要把not置于until之前，而且要把“not until + 状语”放在It is/ was之后，原来的句子要还原为陈述句。
I didn’t leave until he came.
他来之前我没有离开。
强调时间状语从句：
It was not until he came that I left.
直到他来我才离开。
由此可归纳出强调状语从句的基本句式为：
“It is/ was+从句that+主句”
而“not... until...”的强调句式为：
“It is/ was not until + 从句that+主句（肯定）”
在这种结构中对原因状语从句只强调because引导的原因状语从句，而不能对as，since引导的原因状语从句进行强调。
1. 强调句的判断方法
含有“It is / was …that …”的句子不一定都是强调句，所以要注意加以区别，以防在语义上产生偏差。
其检验的方法：去掉“It is / was …that …”之后，仍能组成一个完整的句子，表达完整的意思，则是强调句，否则就不是强调句。
It is the factory where he worked several years ago. （不是强调句）
这是他几年前工作的工厂。
It was in the factory that he worked several years ago.（强调句）
几年前他就是在这个工厂工作。
Is it three years since he became a PLA man?（不是强调句）
他参军三年了吗？
Is it three years ago that he became a PLA man?（强调句）
他是三年前参军的吗？
It is clear that he is round and tall like a tree. （主语从句）
很明显，他又圆又高，就像棵树一样。
1）用还原法判断
用还原法判断“it is/ was...”结构是否是强调句，只需将已经强调的句子还原为以前未强调的句子。
“It is/ was... that...”强调结构对句子的某个部分进行强调时，要将原句中需要被强调的某个部分提出来置于is/ was之后that之前，is/ was之后和that之前的部分恰好是原句子中所缺少的部分；因此要判断一个“It is/ was... that...”结构的句子是否是强调句，可以将“It is/ was... that..”这个框架去掉，对剩余句子在不加词、不减词的情况下调整一下语序后仍然是一个完整的句子就是强调句。
It was the Great Wall that we visited last week.
上周我们参观的是长城。
将“It was... that...”去掉，再将the Great Wall调整到宾语的位置上，变为：
We visited the Great Wall last week.
上周我们参观了长城。（由此可以看出原句是强调句）
It is the truth that we visited the Great Wall last week.
上周我们参观了长城，这是事实。
将“It was... that...”去掉后，the truth无法还原到后面的句子中，剩余的部分无法构成一个完整的句子，所以这不是一个强调句。在这个句子中it是形式主语，代替that从句，故整个句子是一个含有主语从句的复合句。
2）根据语境判断
对于有些含在一定语境中的“It was...”结构的选择题，即使按照强调句的结构选that后，又用还原法可以还原为一个完整的句子，若只看单个句子，理解为强调句是正确的，但在具体语境中并非是强调句。
--Where did you meet Mr Smith yesterday？
--It was in the factory __________ we worked 10 years ago.
A. that B. where
在这个题中，如果只看答语，可选A，然而，它又可还原为we worked in the factory 10 years ago，这是一个结构、意义完整的句子，很像强调句。但到具体的语境中就会发现，这个句子并不是强调句。
―你昨天是在什么地方见到Mr. Smith的？
―我是在我们十年前曾工作过的工厂里见到他的。
其答案只能是B，这是定语从句。因此，看到一个相似于强调句结构句式的题，既要结合还原法，还不能放过具体的语境，只有这样才能做到判断的准确无误。
2. 强调句的特殊现象
1）人称代词的强调
若要强调句子中的某个人称代词，则必须保持该人称代词格的不变，以及原句中谓语动词在人称和数上的不变。
I have told him the news.
我把这个消息告诉了他。
对him强调：
It is him that I have told the news.
我告诉这个消息的是他。
She is against the plan.
她反对这个计划。
对she强调：
It is she that is against the plan.
正是她反对这个计划。
2）倒装句中的强调
若对倒装句的某一部分进行强调后，原倒装句不再倒装。
Never has she seen a snake before.
她以前从未见过蛇。
对a snake强调：
It is a snake that she has never seen before.
这是一条她从未见过的蛇。
3）强调定语从句的先行词
当强调部分为定语从句所修饰的名词时，要将该名词连同定语从句一起放在被强调的位置。
Tom found his lost pen in the room where he studied for three years.
汤姆在他学习了三年的房间里找到了丢失的笔。
强调地点状语：
It was in the room where he studied for three years that Tom found his lost dictionary.
汤姆是在他曾经学习了三年的房间里找到了他丢失的词典。
该句中的where是关系副词，引导定语从句来修饰the room。
3. 强调句中需要注意的地方
前面已经告诉我们，当句子的主语、宾语或状语需要强调时，常采用的句型是：
It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who +其他成分
1）强调时间、地点、原因、方式等状语时，不用when，where，why或how等，而要用that。
It was this morning that I met Li Ping in the street.
我是今天早上在街上遇见李平的。
It was in the park that I met Li Ping.
我是在公园里遇见李平的。
It was because she was ill that they didn’t ask her to do the job.
是因为她病了，他们才不让她做这项工作。
【温馨提示】这个句型（It is / was + 被强调部分 + that / who +其他成分）不能用于强调让步状语从句、比较状语从句和以since，as引导的原因状语从句以及表语从句。
2）注意疑问句的强调结构。
一般疑问句：Is / Was + it + that +句子的其他部分（陈述语序）
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ is / was + it + that +句子的其他部分（陈述语序）
Was it at eight o’clock that you began to work?
你是八点钟开始工作的吗？
What is it that makes this kind of fish different from other fish?
是什么使这种鱼不同于其他鱼？
How was it that you missed such a fine lecture?
你怎么错过了这么好的讲座？
3）如果原句含有 not…until（短语或从句），变成强调结构时，应把 not 和 until 一并置于be之后。
It was not until I told her that she knew anything about it.
直到我告诉她，她才知道这件事。
It was not until his father came in that the boy began to prepare his lessons.
直到他父亲进来，男孩才开始准备功课。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
直到她摘下墨镜，我才意识到她是一位著名的电影明星。
4）被强调部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用who。
lt was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about．
他们都记得正在谈论的那些事情和那些人。
4. 强调句的其他形式
1）利用倒装结构或句首强调可以强调表语、宾语或状语等。
Great progress you’ve made this term. (宾语)
你这个学期取得了很大的进步。
Here comes the bus. (状语)
公共汽车来了。
Hardly did I meet him in the daytime. (否定结构)
我几乎没有在白天见到他
A flying rooster it certainly was.（表语）
一只会飞的公鸡。
2）助动词do，does，did用于肯定句或祈使句中表示强调
助动词do，does，did用于肯定句或祈使句中时，一般译为：务必、一定、确实、的确等。
Do come here early.
一定早点来
She did send you the gift last week.
她上周确实送这件礼物给你。
Mary does love you.
玛丽确实喜欢你。
3）用定冠词the，指示代词that，this或代词所有格 + very表示强调
The very sight of you makes me miss Peter.
一见到你我就想念彼得。
He will do his very best to overcome the trouble.
他一定会竭力克服这个难关。
The accident happened on that very day.
事故正是发生在那一天。
4）在形容词、副词的比较级前加修饰成分much，still，even，a little，a lot，a great，a great deal，far等表示加强语气的强调手法。
My brother is much fatter than before.
我的哥哥比以前更胖了。
Playing basketball is a lot more exciting than playing volleyball.
打篮球比打排球更加令人兴奋。
His idea is playing an even greater role in teaching.
他的意见在教学中起着更为重大的作用。
It is far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done.
这是我所做过的事中最棒的。
5）用at all置于否定句、疑问句、条件从句中以加强语气的强调手法
He dosen’t say sorry at all for the mistakes (that) he has done.
他对自己的错误竟不说声抱歉。
Do they come to the meeting at all?
他们究竟有没有来参加会议？
If you go at all, better start before sunrise.
如果你真的要走，最好在日出前动身。
6）句子中使用in the world或on earth，用于疑问句及否定句，表示：究竟、到底。
What on earth are you doing here?
你究竟在这儿干什么？
Where in the world have you been?
你到底是去哪儿了？
Nothing on earth will satisfy her.
她永不知足（没有任何东西能使她满意）。
7）用疑问代词或疑问副词结构+ever、或者用ever+so/such来加强so及such的语气。
What ever did you tell our teacher yesterday?
你昨天究竟跟老师说了什么？
Where ever did you find my lost bike?
你究竟在哪里找到我那本丢失的书的？
How ever can we finish the homework in such a short period of time?
我们究竟怎样能够在如此短时间内完成作业？
There are ever so many legends about the Great Wall.
关于长城有许许多多的传说。
Li Ping is ever such a clever boy.
李平是个极其用功的好男孩。
知识点一 It is (was) that… 强调句辨别
例1：It was at midnight ___________ we arrived home at last.
A. when B. that C. where D. at which
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我们终于在午夜到家了。根据是否是强调句的辨别方法，假设空格处是that，然后去掉it was和that，整个句子剩余部分是一个表达完整的句子，这时候，该句子就是一个强调句。本句子中去掉it was和that之后，at midnight是全句的时间状语，由此得出：这个句子是一个强调句，因此要选择that。所以选择答案为B。
变式训练1：
1）It was midnight __________ we arrived home at last.
A. when B. that C. where D. at which
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我们最终赶到家的时候已经是午夜时分了。这个句子与前面的句子只是在midnight前少了一个at，但是，当我们按照上述方法思考该句子的时候，剩余部分不能组成一个完整句子（既：midnight不能单独做时间状语）。通常还容易把它理解成定语从句，事实上也不对，因为其语义不通。如果理解成定语从句，我们只能翻译成：那就是我们终于到家的那个午夜。我们平时没有这么说话的。所以这道题千万不要选择D；本题只能被理解为时间状语从句，翻译成：我们最终赶到家的时候已经是午夜时分了。所以选择答案为A。
2）-- Where did you found him at last?
-- It was in the hotel __________ he stayed.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
【答案】D
【解析】句意：--你们最后在哪里找到他的？--在他住的旅馆里。本题乍一看极易理解为是强调句，因而容易错误地选择C；如果选择that，语法完全正确，但是语义不通。因为如果理解为强调句，则翻译成：---你们最后在哪里找到他的？--他就是呆在旅馆里（强调：他呆在旅馆里面）。有些前言不搭后语。因此应该选择where，理解为定语从句，翻译成：在他呆的那个旅馆里（找到他的）。这是典型的由关系副词引导的定语从句，故选择答案D。
知识点二 典型的强调句型（It is(was)+被强调部分+that/who +其他成分）中，强调部分只有It is(was) 一种形式
例2：-- Who are making noise in the garden?
-- _________ the children.
A. It’s B. They’re C. She is D. That is
【答案】A
【解析】句意：--谁在花园里吵闹？--是孩子们在花园里吵闹。答这道题的关键是理解好答语，答语其实是个只说了一半儿的强调句，说全了应该是：It’s the children who are making noise in the garden. 强调部分不管是单数名词还是复数名词，都只有It is(was)这一种形式，不可以用They’re，She is，That is等。故选择答案A。
变式训练2：
1）_________ in the factory that he worked several years ago.
A. That is B. That was C. Where is D. It was
【答案】D
【解析】句意：这就是几年前他工作过的工厂。该句子从that可以看出是一个强调句型，强调句的结构是It is(was)+被强调部分+that/who +其他成分，故选择答案D。
2）_________ artists who satisfy our spiritual pursuit and enrich our lives.
A. They are B. that is C. It is D. They were
【答案】C
【解析】句意：正是艺术家们满足我们的精神追求并丰富我们的生活。从artists和who可以看出，这是一个强调主语artists（艺术家）的强调句，强调句的结构是It is(was)+被强调部分+that/who +其他成分。故选择答案C。
知识点三 强调句与定语从句的区别
例3：It is on the island _________ they spent 10 years.
A. where B. on which C. that D. at which
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他们就是在这个岛上度过了10年。该句为强调句。表示地点的名词the island前有介词与其连用，说明它是一个完整的地点状语。如果将it is去掉，They spent 10 years on the island. 它的意义仍然完整。故应选用连接词that构成强调句式。另外，强调地点状语时，不能用where连接，所以首先排除答案A；答案B和D都是连接定语从句的，因为it is后面已经有了on表示地点，如果这里没有on，才可以考虑选择答案B或D引导定语从句。故选择答案C。
变式训练3：
1）It is the island __________ they spent 10 years.
A. that B. on which C. when D. on where
【答案】B
【解析】句意：他们在这座岛上住了10年。这个句子与上一个句子相比，只是在the island前面少了一个介词on，从这个介词的有无既可以判定这个句子是否是一个强调句。有这个表示地点的介词，就是一个强调地点的强调句，没有的话，一般就是一个定语从句。该句子就是一个由on which引导的定语从句。表示地点的名词the island前没有介词与其连用，说明它不是一个完整的地点状语。如果将it is去掉，They spent 10 years the island. 它的意义不完整。故应选用关系副词where或on which 构成定语从句结构。该句为定语从句，答案A符合强调句，所以排除；答案C是表示时间的引导词；答案D错误运用了on where（where=on which），该答案多用了一个介词on；故选择答案B。
2）It is on the date __________ she went abroad.
A. when B. that C. which D. on which
【答案】B
【解析】句意：她就是在那天出国的。分析句子结构可知，在表示时间的名词the date 前有介词与其连用，说明它是一个完整的时间状语。如果将it is去掉：She went abroad on the date. 它的意义仍然完整。故应选用连接词that构成强调句式；另外，强调时间状语时，不可用when连接；故选择答案B。
知识点四 not … until … 句型的强调句
例4：It was ___________his wife came back that he ________ to bed.
A. until；didn’t go B. till；went
C. not until；didn’t go D. not until；went
【答案】D
【解析】句意：直到他妻子回来，他才去睡觉。从it was… that可以看出此句为强调句型，该句型只能用until，不用till，所以排除答案B（如果不是强调句型，till，until可通用）。因为句型中It is/ was not ... 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，不可再用否定句，因此又排除了答案A和C，另外，答案A也不符合句型结构。对not... until...句型中的until + 时间状语/时间状语从句进行强调时，不但要把not置于until之前，而且要把not until + 状语放在It is/ was之后。故选择答案D。
变式训练4：
1）He didn't go to bed _________ his wife came back.
A. not till B. not until C. until D. untill
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他直到妻子回来才睡觉。这个句子是一个普通句子（不是强调句），强调句型是：it was not until that…；作为普通句子，till, until可通用；前面用的是否定句式：He didn't go to bed…，后面可以接till或者until；答案C符合。答案A和大难B都多了一个not；答案D拼写错误。故选择答案C。
2）It is ____________ suffering from various diseases that people realize the importance of health.
A. until B. till C. not until D. not till
【答案】C
【解析】句意：人们直到饱受各种病痛折磨才意识到健康的重要性。从it is… that…可分析出，这是一个强调句式，句型结构应该是：it was not until that…；答案C符合，其它答案都有错误；故选答案C。
知识点五 倒装句式用于强调
例5： Only when I left my parents for Italy ____________ how much I loved them．
A. I realized B. I had realized C. had I realized D. did I realize
【答案】D
【解析】句意：直到我离开父母的时候，才意识到我多么爱他们。only位于句首修饰状语时，句子倒装以便强调，即助动词提到主语前面。根据状语从句中谓语动词的时态可知用一般过去时。故选择答案D。
变式训练5：
1）It was announced that only when the fire was under control _________ to return to their homes.
A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permitted
C. would the residents be permitted D. the residents had been permitted
【答案】C
【解析】句意：据宣布，只有在火势得到控制的情况下，居民才可以回家。only+状语从句位于句首，主句要部分倒装，根据题意应用过去将来时，故选择答案C。
2）Seldom____________ video games ever since they entered college.
A. they have played B. they played
C. have they played D. they have played
【答案】C
【解析】句意：自从上大学以来，他们很少玩电子游戏。seldom位于句首，句子倒装用于强调，而且句中有since引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时。故选答案C。
一、选择题（Choose the best answer）
1. It was lack of money, not of effort, __________defeated their plan.
A. which B. as C. that D. what
【答案】 C
【解析】句意：他们的计划失败是缺乏资金，而不是因为实力。整个句子为强调句，被强调成分为 lack of money, not of effort。由于句中插入not of effort这一结构，干扰了对it was lack of money that defeated their plan 这一强调句的认识和理解。这道题容易被误选为A，受空格前逗号的影响，误认为这是一个非限制性定语从句，从而误选了A。强调句的结构是it was… that…；故选择答案C。
2. --Was it under the tree _________ you were away talking to a friend?
--Sure. But when I got back there, the bike was gone."
A. that B. where C. which D. while
【答案】D
【解析】句意：--当你离开去同朋友谈话的时候，你的自行车是在这树下吗？--当然，但当我回来时，自行车就不见了。此题很容易误选A，认为这是强调句型。事实上，此题应选D。通过对上下文的语境的理解，可以分析出，从句是当……的时候。在此句中，it 是代词，指代 the bike。反过来分析一下，假若选A，将此句判为强调句，句子即为 Was it under the tree that you were away talking to a friend? 若进一步转换为普通句式（非强调句），句子则为 Under the tree while you were talking to a friend，显然句意混乱；所以该句子不是强调句。故选择答案D。
3. It was just in the room _________ he was born _________ he met his step mother.
A. where, which B. that, that C. where, that D. which, that
【答案】C
【解析】句意：就在他出生的房间里，他遇见了他的继母。全句为强调句，被强调成分是 in this room，where he was born 为修饰 the room 的定语从句。故选择答案C。
4. _________ you eat the correct foods ________ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
A. only if；will you B. Only if；you will
C. Unless；will you D. Unless；you will
【答案】A
【解析】句意：你只有吃正确的食物，才能保持健康。only if（只有），only+状语结构放在句首时，句子用倒装语序，表示强调。故选择答案A。
5. It was the boy _________ had been in prison _________ stole the money.
A. who, where B. that, how C. who, that D. that, which
【答案】C
【解析】句意：就是蹲过监狱的那个男孩偷了钱。全句为强调句，被强调成分是 the boy；修饰它的定语从句是who had been in prison，根据强调句结构，it was +被强调部分+ that…，所以答案C符合。故选择答案C。
6. I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom _________ so lonely as now.
A. have I felt B. I had felt C. I have felt D. Had I felt
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我在美国生活了二十年，但很少像现在这样感到孤独。seldom是否定词，意为：很少。以否定词开头的句子进行倒装表示强调。根据时间状语now可确定用现在完成时，表示从过去的某时开始一直延续到现在的情况，表示从过去到现在很少像现在那么孤独。过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即过去的过去，所以选项D是错误的；选项B和C不是倒装语序，应排除。故选择答案A。
7. It was his nervousness in the interview _________ probably lost him the job.
A. which B. since C. that D. what
【答案】C
【解析】句意：很可能是面试时表现出紧张，使他失去了这份工作。此句为强调句型，被强调成分为 his nervousness in the interview；根据强调结构：it was +被强调部分+ that…，故选择答案C。
8. It is the ability to do the job __________ matters not where you come from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
【答案】B
【解析】句意：重要的是你做工作的能力，而不是你来自何地或你是从事什么工作的。该句子为强调句，被强调部分是the ability to do the job，根据强调结构：it was +被强调部分+ that…，故选择答案B。
9. -- How was the televised debate last night?
-- Super! Rarely __________ so much media attention.
A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract
C. a debate did attract D. attracted a debate
【答案】B
【解析】句意：—昨晚的电视辩论怎么样？—超级！很少有媒体如此关注。rarely意为：极少有地，是否定词。以否定词开头的句子要进行倒装，把助动词放在主语前，以表示强调。故答案为B。
10. ________ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
A. It was we being late B. It was our being late
C. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late
【答案】B
【解析】句意：正是因为我们迟到了，他才比平时晚了一个小时供应晚餐。此题容易误选D，认为强调的是原因状语从句 because we were late. 而实际上，此题强调的是句子主语 our being late，此题若还原成非强调句，即Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual. 注意，强调句的一个显著特点是：若去掉强调结构 it is (was)… that…，句子仍然成立；换句话说，该结构中的 that 不能充当句子成分。故选择答案B。
11. Who was it _________ saved the drowning girl?
A. since B. as C. that D. he
【答案】C
【解析】句意：是谁救了那个溺水的女孩？该句子为强调句，被强调部分为who，问的是谁救了……。该句类似It was Tom that saved the drowning girl. 这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式，对其中的Tom提问而成为现在的形式。故选择答案C。
12. Little __________ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business.
A. he realized B. be didn’t realize
C. didn’t he realize D. did he realize
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他几乎没有意识到我们在观察着他的一举一动，所以他好像在他的生意上是自己在做似的。以little这个否定词开头的句子要进行倒装，用以强调。又因为little是否定词，所以不能与否定句连用。所以选项C是错误的。故选择答案D。
13. What is it _________ his daughter needs most?
A. what B. which C. that D. if
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他女儿最需要的是什么？该句为强调句，被强调成分为 what，该句类似It is a bike that his daughter needs most. 该句子是这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式，对其中的a bike 提问而形成该句。故选择答案C。
14. It was when she was about to go to bed _________ the telephone rang.
A. since B. as C. that D. then
【答案】C
【解析】句意：她正要睡觉时，电话铃响了。这也是一个强调句，被强调成分为是时间状语从句when she was about to go to bed，根据强调句型的结构，It was+被强调部分+that…，所以选择that。故选择答案C。
15. Never in my wildest dreams_________ these people are living in such poor conditions．
A．I could imagine B．could I imagine
C．I couldn’t imagine D．couldn’t I imagine
【答案】B
【解析】 句意：在我最狂野的梦中，我永远无法想象这些人生活在如此恶劣的环境中。以never开头的句子进行倒装，把情态动词放在主语前。never意为“从来没有，一点也不”，只用于肯定句，不用于否定句。所以选项D错误故；选择答案B。
16. It was what he meant rather than what he said ________ annoyed me.
A. which B. as C. what D. that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：让我生气的不是他说的话，而是他话中的意思。此句为一个强调句型，空格处应填that，被强调成分是what he meant rather than what he said，故选择答案D。
17. They have a good knowledge of English but little _______they know about German.
A. have B. did C. had D. do
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他们英语很好，但对德语却知之甚少。little是否定词，以否定词开头的句子倒装，用以强调。根据谓语know可确定应选do，do后接动词原形。故选择答案D。
18. Just in front of our house __________ with a history of 1,000 years.
A. does a tall tree stand B. stands a tall tree
C. a tall tree is standing D. a tall tree stands
【答案】B
【解析】句意：就在我们的房子前面，矗立着一棵有1000年历史的大树。为了强调状语，把状语部分放在句首，句子的主谓语要到装（正常语序是a tall tree stands）。故选择答案B。
19. So difficult __________ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.
A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我发现解决这个问题很困难，所以决定向汤姆征求意见。。以so +形容词开头的句子要进行倒装，构成：so +形容词 +倒装+ that从句的结构，用以强调。表示：……那么……，以至于……。故选择答案B。
20. Only then _________ how much damage had been caused.
A. she realized B. she had realized
C. had she realized D. did she realize
【答案】D
【解析】句意：直到那时，她才意识到造成了多大的损害。only位于句首修饰状语时，句子倒装，把助动词提到主语前面，用来表示强调。根据状语从句中谓语动词的时态可知用过去时态。故选择答案D。
二、句型训练（Choose the best words to fill in the blanks）
1. It was very __________ that little Jim wrote the letter. （careful；carefully）
【答案】 carefully
【解析】 这是一个强调句，如果认为这是一个普通的系表结构，那么空格处就要填形容词作表语。而事实上是强调句，其普通句型（非强调句）形式为 Little Jim wrote the letter very carefully；用it is … that… 强调句式强调其中的状语very carefully，所以选择副词carefully。（小吉姆写这封信非常仔细。）
2. It may have been at Christmas ________ John gave Mary a handbag. （that；when）
【答案】 that
【解析】 该句子为强调句，被强调成分为at Christmas，其中的动词be动词用的是may have been形式，所以选择that。（约翰可能是在圣诞节给了玛丽一个手提包。）
3. --Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?
--It was in the hall _________ the students often have a meeting. (where；that)
【答案】 where
【解析】 这个句子容易被当作强调句（强调地点状语 in the hall）而误选；如果但看这个句子：It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting（学生们通常是在大厅开会），似乎没有什么问问题，其意思或语法均没有错误；但联系上文来看，意思则不通。因为上文的意思是：你是在哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的？假若将答句改为 It was in the hall that I found the professor则完全可以。然而答句是…the students often have a meeting；所以此题的最佳答案是where，用where引出的定语从句（where the students often have a meeting），用来修饰其前的名词 the hall，这样语意才通顺。(--你是在哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的？--是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅找到的。）
4. It was in the small house ________ was built with stones by his father _________ he spent his childhood. (which, that；that, which)
【答案】 which, that
【解析】 此句是一个含有定语从句的强调句，通常容易把定语从句与强调句混淆。第一空格填 which，引导定语从句，修饰先行词house；第二空格要填强调句的结构词that，被强调部分为in the small house及修饰它的定语从句which was built with stones by his father。所以选择which, that。（他童年是在他父亲用石头建造的小房子里度过的。）
5. Never before ________ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. （has this city been；this city has been）
【答案】has this city been
【解析】 以否定词开头的句子要倒装，never常与现在完成时连用。（这个城市从来没有像今天这样需要现代化的公共交通。）
6. It's more than half a century ________ my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people. （that；since）
【答案】 since
【解析】 此句容易被误认为是强调句型；如果将此句分析为强调句，就该选择that；根据辨别方法将此句还原为普通句型（非强调句）就应该是My grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people more than half a century；而很显然, 句中的more than half a century是一段时间，然而它修饰的谓语动词joined … became是两个终止性动词，显然不合逻辑。其实，此题属于It is+一段时间＋since 从句的句型，所以应该选择since。（我爷爷加入党组织成为人民的公仆已有半个多世纪了。）
7. Was it five o'clock ________the fire broke out? (when；that)
【答案】 when
【解析】 该句子容易误认为是强调句而选that；实际上这不是强调句。如果是强调句，去掉强调句的结构词 it is (was)…that…，句子结构仍然完整，但此句去掉结构词后成为 Five o'clock the fire broke out，句子不完整，如果是at five o'clock，就可以在句子中作时间状语，但是句子中没有用介词at，所以，该句子不是强调句型。it表时间，when the fire broke out 为时间状语从句，所以选择when正确。（火灾是5点钟发生的吗？）
8. Was it at five o'clock __________the fire broke out? (when；that )
【答案】 that
【解析】 这是一个疑问句形式的强调句式，用强调词that。（火灾是在五点钟发生的吗？）
9. In the dark forests ________, some large enough to hold several English towns. ( stand many lakes；lie many lakes )
【答案】 lie many lakes
【解析】 这是一个倒装句，状语前置用以强调。句子的主语是lakes。其语序是“介词短语+谓语（表语）+主语（名词）”。lie位于；湖泊位于黑暗的森林中。（在黑暗的森林里有许多湖泊，有些湖大到足以容纳几个英国城镇。）
10. --How was _________ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?
--Totally by chance. (it that；he that)
【答案】 it that
【解析】 该句为强调句的特殊疑问句形式，其相应的陈述句形式为It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace；所以选择含有强调词的it that。（--他们是怎么发现地下宫殿的入口的？--完全是偶然的。）
三、Translate the following into Chinese（英译汉）
1. It was he who/that read three books in the library yesterday.
昨天是他在图书馆读了三本书。
2. It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
这是我父亲昨天晚上在实验室做的实验。
3. It was in the hotel where/in which my father worked that I met Mrs. Smith.
我是在我父亲工作的旅馆里认识史密斯太太的。
4. It was on Wednesday that we went hiking.
我们是在星期三去徒步旅行的。
5. It was I that/who met Tom in the street yesterday.
昨天在街上遇见汤姆的是我。
6. It is important that we should learn English well.
我们应该学好英语，这是很重要的。
7. It is tomorrow that she will meet her father at the airport.
她是明天去机场接她父亲。
8. It was I that/who met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
昨天是我在火车站遇见的李明。
9. It was not until Mary came back that he went to work.
直到玛丽回来，他才去上班。
10. Do be careful when you cross the street.
过马路时千万要小心啊！
四、Translate the following into English（汉译英）
1. 我昨天是在街上遇见的汤姆。
It was in the street that I met Tom yesterday.
2. 就我是一名学生
It is I who am a student.
3. 正是明天我要去北京。
It is tomorrow that I’m going to Beijing.
4. 这是昨天晚上我父亲在实验室做的实验。
It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.
5. 就他是对的。
It is he who is right.
6. 是上周，我在街上见到她的。
It was in the street that I saw her last week.
7. 就他们是正确的。
It was they who were right.
8. 他哥哥是想买一辆新的自行车。
It is a new bike that his brother wants to buy.
9. 上周他确实给你写了信。
He did write to you last week.
10. 我上星期认识的就是汤姆。
It was Tom who/that I met last week.
