课件64张PPT。Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars单词注释难句剖析导读诱思天文学是一门古老而常新的自然科学,其研究对象是宇宙的规律,是研究天体的结构、形态、分布、运行和演化等的学科。
People have always watched the beautiful night sky.Many ancient people of the world closely studied the stars for signs from their gods.The Mayan① and Aztecs of Central America and Mexico built special tall buildings to observe the stars.The ancient people of Egypt,Greece,Italy,and China also studied the stars.The people who lived on the islands of the Pacific used the stars to find their way across huge areas of ocean.
People today still look to the stars for information—not about ancient gods,but about the universe.Modern technology has made it possible to see objects in space that are thousands of millions of kilometres away.?单词注释难句剖析导读诱思However,without technology you can see all of the same objects in the night sky that ancient people saw.There is a lot to see and study.It takes a little work and a little knowledge,but it is really very easy.
If you live in the northern part of the world,you can search the night sky to the north and find Polaris②.
Ancient people watched Polaris for a long time and discovered that it moves very little.It can always be found in the same place in the northern sky.Ancient people used the Polaris to guide their ships across oceans.
In the southern part of the world,you can see Alpha and Beta Centauri③ in the night sky.They point the way to the beautiful group of stars called the Southern Cross④.Ancient people used the Southern Cross to guide their ships.单词注释难句剖析导读诱思①Mayan adj.玛雅人的,玛雅语的 n.玛雅人,玛雅语
②Polaris n.北极星
③Alpha and Beta Centauri半人马座阿尔法和贝塔星
④Southern Cross 南十字星座难句剖析导读诱思单词注释Modern technology has made it possible to see objects in space that are thousands of millions of kilometers away.
译文:现代科技使得我们能够看到距离数十亿千米太空外的物质。
剖析:it 放在made后做形式宾语,真正的宾语是“to see objects ...away”。难句剖析导读诱思单词注释1.What did people who lived on the islands of the Pacific use the stars to do?
答案:To find their way across huge areas of ocean.
2.How did ancient people in the southern part of the world guide their ships?
答案:They used the Southern Cross to guide their ships.Section Ⅰ — Warming Up,Pre-reading, Reading & Comprehending一二三四五Pre-reading
一、将单词或短语与相对应的释义搭配起来
A B
1.theory a.different from;not similar to
2.unlike b.to be present or happen
3.prevent ...from c.an idea or opinion
4.exist d.causing harm
5.harmful e.to stop/keep ...from
答案:1.c 2.a 3.e 4.b 5.d一二三四五二、短语互译
A.温故:从文中找出下列短语并写出它们的汉语意思。
1.according to ?
2.cool down ?
3.be different from ?
4.depend on ?
B.知新:从文中找出与下列释义对应的英文。
1.及时;终于 ?
2.阻止;制止 ?
3.下蛋 ?
4.产生;分娩 ?
5.轮到某人 ?根据;按照 变凉 与……不同 依赖;取决于 in time prevent ...from lay eggs give birth to in one’s turn 一二三四五三、阅读课文HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH,按照地球的形成与发展,给下面的句子排序
( )A Insects and amphibians appeared.
( )B The earth was a solid globe.
( )C Reptiles appeared.
( )D The earth was just a cloud of dust.
( )E Shellfish and other fish appeared.
( )F Dinosaurs appeared.
( )G Small plants began to grow on the surface of water.
( )H Plants began to grow on dry land.
( )I Water began to appear on the earth.
( )J Mammals (including humans)appeared.7 2 8 1 5 9 4 6 3 10 一二三四五四、阅读HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH,回答下列问题
1.How were stars and other bodies created?
A.Atoms combined to create them.
B.Clouds of dust combined to create them.
C.Water combined to create them.
D.Gases combined to create them.
2.Which is the most important for life appearing on the earth?
A.Fire. B.Rock.
C.Water. D.Clouds.答案:A 答案:C 一二三四五3.It can be known from the passage that .?
A.plants and animals appeared on the earth at the same time
B.plants appeared later on the earth than animals
C.early shellfish appeared earlier than plants
D.animals appeared later on the earth than plants
4.How many years did dinosaurs exist on the earth?
A.More than 140 billion years.
B.More than 140 million years.
C.More than 140 thousand years.
D.More than 140 years.答案:D 答案:B 一二三四五5.Why can the earth become too hot to live on?
A.Small clever animals produce more heat.
B.Small clever animals produce too much carbon dioxide.
C.Small clever animals don’t want heat to escape from the earth.
D.Small clever animals like to live on a hot planet.答案:B 一二三四五五、根据课文内容填空
After the “Big Bang”,the earth was just a cloud of dust.It exploded with fire and rock,1. in time produced water vapour and all kinds of gases,which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.?
As the earth cooled down,water began to appear on its surface.Water 2. (stay) on the earth allowed the earth to dissolve 3.
(harm) gases and acids into the oceans and seas.That made 4. possible for life to develop.?
Later,the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water.They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen,which encouraged the later 5. (develop) of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.which staying harmful it development 一二三四五Next,green plants began to grow on land,6. (follow) in time by land animals.When dinosaurs disappeared,mammals became more important.They gave 7. to young baby animals.
Small clever animals now spread all over the earth.But they are not taking good care of the earth.The earth may become 8. hot for the lives to live on,because they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,which prevents heat 9. escaping from the earth into space.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on 10. this problem can be solved.?followed birth too from whether 121234567891011131.In our solar system eight planets circle around the sun.
在我们的太阳系中,有八颗行星围绕太阳运转。
考点一the solar system太阳系
The solar system is the system of planets,satellites,etc.,of which the sun is the center.
太阳系是行星、卫星等的星系,其中太阳是中心。
考点二system n. 系统;体系;制度
【高考典句】(2015·湖南高考)The city planners decided to build an underground drainage system.
城市规划者决定建一个地下排水系统。123456789活学活用
单词拼写
1)The bank is equipped with a new alarm s .We can say it’s safe and reliable completely.?
翻译句子
2)据说,太阳系是四十五亿年前形成的。system 答案:It is said that the solar system was formed 4.5 billion years ago. 12101113【高考典句】(2016·浙江高考)In many ways,the education system in the US is not very different from that in the UK.
在很多方面,美国的教育体制与英国的不是很不同。
归纳 system做“系统;体系;制度”讲时为可数名词。123456789121011132.However,according to a widely accepted theory,the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions.
然而,一种普遍为人们所接受的理论是:宇宙起源于一次大爆炸,这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。
剖析句子中的过去分词accepted做定语,修饰theory。 如:
You should practice your spoken English.
你应该练习你的英语口语。
考点一theory n. 学说;理论
According to Darwin’s theories,human beings and monkeys are descended from the same ancient animal.
按照达尔文的学说,人和猴子源于同一种远古动物。123456789【高考典句】(2016·四川高考)In theory,they should live by the French law.
理论上,他们应该按照法国的法律生活。
归纳:theory既是可数名词也是不可数名词。词组in theory 的意义是“理论上”。
派生词:theoretical adj.理论上的;theoretically adv.理论地;理论上
考点二begin with是固定短语,意思是“以……开始”,相当于start with。
The party began with a wonderful English song.
聚会以一首优美的英文歌曲开始。12101113123456789to begin/start with“首先,第一;起初,最初”,用作状语,相当于一个插入成分,它的形式不受句子主语的限制。类似短语:
to make matters worse 更糟糕的是……
to tell(you) the truth说实话
to be honest老实说
to be frank坦白地说
to be sure无疑12101113123456789活学活用
单词拼写
1)What we need to learn is how to put t into practice.?
2)Without practice there would be no t .?
用theory的适当形式填空
3)We must carry out our as soon as possible.?
4) he was their friend.?
5)This work is still ;we haven’t tested anything yet.?theory theory theories/theory Theoretically theoretical 12101113123456789翻译句子
6)首先,我给大家介绍一位朋友。
7)他上班没赶上公共汽车。更糟糕的是,他把文件落在家里了。答案:To begin with,I’ll introduce a friend to all of you. 答案:He missed the bus to work.To make matters worse,he left his papers at home.12101113123456789121011133.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
随后它会变成什么没有人能知道,直到38~45亿年前,这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固定的球状物。
剖析1)What it was to become是一个主语从句,在整个句子中做主语;be to do 这一结构在本句中表示“将要”。如:
We are to attend an important meeting tomorrow morning.
明天上午我们要去参加一个非常重要的会议。
2)until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago为时间状语,until表示“直到……时候”。
3)句子中的when the dust settled into a solid globe 是定语从句,修饰前面的时间between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago。12345678912101113be to do 的其他用法:
1)表示命令、义务、职责等,可译作“应该;必须”;长辈要求晚辈做某事常用这一句型。
2)表示将来要做的事,或按计划、约定要做的事,这一用法较正规,可译作“打算;将要”。
3)表示不可避免将要发生的事,或命中注定的事。
4)用于第一人称疑问句,表示征求对方意见。
5)用于否定句,表示“禁止”,相当于mustn’t 。12345678912101113You are to finish your work before I come back.
你必须在我回来之前完成工作。
When are they to return to their homeland?
他们打算什么时候回国?
He was to become a famous athlete after seven years of hard training.
经过七年的艰苦训练他注定要成为一名著名的运动员。
Am I to go on with the work?
我要继续完成这项工作吗?
The books in this room are not to be taken outside.
这个室内的书籍不得带出室外。12345678912101113活学活用
语法填空
1)The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands of people to believe that a fortune (make).?
2)Have you prepared for the sports meeting which (take place) soon??was to be made is to take place 123456789121011134.The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.
地球(开始)变得如此激烈动荡以至于不知道这种形状是否会继续存在下去。
剖析1)句子中的that引导的是结果状语从句,和so构成固定搭配:so...that...。如:
The boy worked so hard that he got a rise soon.
那个男孩工作很努力,不久就得到了提升。
2)在that从句中的it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的whether the shape would last or not(主语从句)。
英语中,为了保持句子结构的平衡,常用it做形式主语,而真正的主语如动词不定式、动词-ing形式或主语从句则后置。12345678912101113考点violent adj. 猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的
The boat sank in a violent storm at sea.
船在海上猛烈的风暴中沉没了。
The class were frightened by his violent language.
全班同学都被他激烈的言辞吓到了。
【高考典句】(2016·课标全国高考丙)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and were too violent for use at the table.
孔子认为刀子会提醒人们杀戮,在桌子上用太暴力了。
反义词:non-violent adj. 非暴力的
派生词:violence n.暴力;violently adv.猛烈地;激烈地12345678912101113活学活用
翻译句子
1)这次考试很难,结果很多学生不及格。
2)我不清楚这本书要告诉我们什么。
用violent的适当形式填空
3)Children should not be allowed to watch movies.?
4)They were opposed to the idea.?
5)Whatever happens,they won’t use .?
6)Tom was in pain.As a result,he behaved
and treated everything with .?答案:This exam was so difficult that many students failed. 答案:It’s not clear to me what this book is trying to tell us. violent violently violence violent violently violence 123456789121011135.They were in time to produce carbon dioxide,nitrogen,water vapour and other gases,which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.
它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体,从而形成了地球的大气层。
剖析本句中的which引导的是非限制性定语从句。
About forty people were killed in the accident,which made us sad.
大约四十人在这次事故中丧生,这使我们很难过。12345678912101113考点in time及时;终于
I don’t think you will be in time for the meeting.
我认为你不能及时参加那个会议。
Let’s get up early so as to be in time to catch the first bus.
我们早点起床吧,以便及时赶上第一班公共汽车。
Mike was a strange man,but in time I got to like him.
迈克是个奇怪的人,但是最终我还是喜欢上了他。
归纳:in time后常可接“for+名词”或动词不定式,但不可接“for+doing sth”。123456789121011131)辨析:in time和on time
in time指“及时,在时限到来之前;迟早,终于”。
on time则指“准时,按时”。如:
When you are in trouble,I will come to help you in time.
当你处于困境时,我会及时来帮助你。
Because of the heavy rain,he didn’t arrive there on time.
因为下大雨,他未能按时到那儿。123456789121011132)time重点短语归纳:
ahead of time 提前
in no time 立即;立刻
at no time 决不(放在句首,主句部分倒装)
at one time 曾经;一度
at the same time同时
all the time 一直
kill time 消磨时间
for the time being 暂时
from time to time 偶尔,间或
take one’s time 不着急,慢慢来12345678912101113活学活用
选词填空:in time,on time,in no time,at one time,at no time
1)Don’t worry.I’m sure things will get better .?
2)You can’t imagine this lake used to be a beautiful place in our province .?
3)It is urgent,so we should set off .?
4)Don’t forget to gather at the gate .?
5) shall we give up.?in time at one time in no time on time At no time 123456789121011136.Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but,unlike the earth,it had disappeared later.
在火星这些其他行星上也都出现过水,但和地球不同的是,这些水后来都消失了。
考点unlike prep.与……不同;不像
This book is quite unlike anything I’ve ever read before.
这本书与我以前看过的任何一本书都大不相同。
Unlike Li Ming,Gao Liang does everything carefully.
不像李明,高亮做什么事情都认真。
It is unlike Tom to be late for school.He is usually on time.
上学迟到可不是汤姆平时的样子。他通常很准时。
归纳:句式It is unlike sb to do sth的意义是“做某事可不是某人平时的样子”。123456789121011131)unlike 也可做形容词,含义是“不相像的”。如:
They are so unlike that nobody believes they are brothers.
他们太不相像,没有人相信他们是兄弟。
2)反义词:like12345678912101113活学活用
用like的适当形式填空
1)It is Beth to drink.I wonder if she is all right.?
2)Since their parents strongly disagree,they are to marry.?
3)He is more his mother than his father.?
4)It is that we can find a restaurant there,so we needn’t bring any food.?
翻译句子
5)不像他的父亲,他有幽默感。unlike unlikely like likely 答案:Unlike his father,he has a sense of humour. 123456789121011137.What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.
许多科学家相信,由于地球上长期有水存在,使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。
剖析What many scientists believe是what 引导的主语从句,其中what 在从句中做believe 的宾语。is后的that引导的是表语从句,that 在从句中不做任何成分,只起连接词的作用。
考点harmful adj. 有害的12345678912101113【高考典句】(2016·浙江高考)If we know that gossip can be harmful,then why do so many of us do it?如果我们知道闲话是有害的,那为什么我们中的很多人还要做呢?
Working in such a factory can be harmful to your health.
=Working in such a factory does harm to your health.
在这样的工厂工作对你们的健康有害。
归纳 be harmful to =do harm to,其意义是“对……有害”。?123456789121011131)harm做动词时,含义是“损害,对……有害”;做名词时,含义是“害处”。
I have never harmed anybody.
我从未伤害过任何人。
I know he meant no harm.我知道他没有恶意。
There is no harm in your talking with your friend.
你和朋友谈一谈没有害处。
It does no harm of you to work with him.
你和他一起工作没有害处。12345678912101113归纳:①mean no harm的含义是“没有恶意”。
②句型There is no harm in (one’s) doing sth的含义是“(某人)做某事没有害处”。
③句型It does no harm of sb to do sth的含义是“(某人)做某事没有害处”。
2)反义词:harmless adj. 无害的活学活用
介词填空
1)Drinking is harmful our health.?
2)The acid rain did great harm the crops.?
3)There is no harm writing down your name on the form.?
用harm的适当形式填空,每空一词
4)Too much carbon dioxide is the environment.?
5)More and more people have realized that smoking
our health.?
翻译句子
6)吃得太多对你的健康有害。12345678912101113to to in harmful to is harmful to/does harm to 答案:Eating too much is harmful to your health./Eating too much does harm to your health.123456789121011138.They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.
它们也生蛋,在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。
考点一lay eggs下蛋
The duck laid ten eggs this month.
这只鸭子这个月下了十个蛋。
When does this kind of fish lay eggs?这种鱼何时产卵?
归纳:lay eggs中的lay 为及物动词,意思是“产(卵),下(蛋)”,其过去式和过去分词均为laid。12345678912101113辨析:lay 和lie
lay 是及物动词,其含义是“产卵,下蛋,放置”,其过去式、过去分词均为laid,动词-ing形式是laying。
lie 作“平躺,位于”讲时,是不及物动词,其过去式、过去分词分别为lay,lain,动词-ing形式为lying。
lie作“撒谎”讲时,既是及物动词也是不及物动词,其过去式和过去分词均为lied,动词-ing形式是lying。
The boy lay in bed.那个男孩躺在床上。
She lied to me that she had finished the work.
她向我撒谎说她完成了工作。12345678912101113考点二exist vi.存在;生存
We know problems still exist in our education system.
我们知道我们的教育制度仍旧存在问题。
【高考典句】(2016·课标全国高考乙)If it weren’t for Rachel Carson,the environmental movement might not exist today.
如果没有雷切尔·卡森,环保运动今天可能就不存在。
She exists on a diet of rice.她靠吃大米生活。
归纳 exist为不及物动词,不用于被动结构,也不用于进行时态。词组exist in 的意义是“存在于……”;exist on 的意义是“靠……生存/生活”。123456789121011131)exist常用其动词-ing形式做定语,表示“现存的”“现在的”。如:
Under the existing school rules we must wear school uniforms.
在现行的学校制度下,我们必须穿校服。
2)派生词:existence n.存在
其常用词组有:
in existence 存在;现有
come into existence 开始存在;成立
existent adj.现存的;存在的12345678912101113活学活用
选词填空:lie,lay
1)The naughty boy to me that the hen there just now had two eggs the day before.?
2)By the road a man,who to people that he had been knocked down by a passing bike.?
3)The white hen three eggs last week.?
4)Since the baby falls asleep,please it down on the bed.?
语法填空
5)The Roman Empire (exist) for several centuries.?
6)There (exist) a certain doubt among the workers as to whether he could finish the task in a short time.?lied lying laid lay lie laid lay existed existed 123456789121011137)Nowadays,there are still many people wondering when the world came into (exist).?
完成句子
8)These workers mainly (靠……生存) bread and tea.?
9)Do you know when the new Marriage Law
? ? (出现)??
10) (存在) a good way to solve the problem in geography.?existence exist(ed) oncame into existence There exists 123456789121011139.These animals were different from all life forms in the past,because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.
这些动物(哺乳动物)不同于以往所有的生物形式,因为它们能从体内生产出幼仔并产乳喂养幼仔。
考点一be different from的含义是“与……不同”。如:
The Philippines is different from what I imagine.
菲律宾与我想象的不同。
考点二give birth to产生;分娩
Every year many women go to the USA to give birth to their babies.每年许多妇女到美国去生孩子。123456789121011131)birth常用短语归纳:
at birth在出生时
by birth在血统上;生来;天生地
from birth (从)出生以来 如:
She weighed 8 pounds at birth.
她出生时重8磅。
He was a German by birth.
他在血统上是德国人。
The man has been blind from birth.
这个人从出生以来就看不见东西。123456789121011132)辨析:give birth to和be born
give birth to表示“生产,生下”,其宾语是表示幼崽或婴儿的词语,其主语是表示雌性或人类女性的词语。
be born则表示“出生”,其主语通常是被生下的人或动物,其后不接宾语。如:
The woman has given birth to three children.
这位女士已生了三个孩子。
When was your daughter born?
你的女儿是什么时候出生的? 12345678912101113活学活用
介词填空
1)We should appreciate our mothers on Mother’s Day,because it’s not easy for them to give birth us.?
2)The clothes she wears are always different others’.?
翻译句子
3)昨天他的妻子生了个男孩。
4)这只狗生了四只可爱的小狗。to from 答案:Yesterday his wife gave birth to a boy. 答案:This dog gave birth to four lovely puppies. 1234567891210111310.Thus they have,in their turn,become the most important animals on the planet.
于是,它们继而成为这个行星上最重要的动物。
考点in one’s turn轮到某人
I will clean the blackboard tomorrow in my turn.
明天轮到我擦黑板了。
They finished their work.In their turn,they went to help others.
他们完成了自己的工作, 接着去帮助别人了。12345678912101113阅读下列句子,归纳turn的相关短语:
Tom and Jack drove the car by turns.
汤姆和杰克轮流开车。
He answered the question out of turn.
他不合时宜地回答了问题。
The three brothers took turns to look after their sick mother.
兄弟三人轮流照顾他们生病的妈妈。
Language is the carrier of culture and in turn is influenced by culture.
语言是文化的载体,反过来语言又受文化的影响。12345678912101113归纳:by turns 轮流
out of turn 不合时宜地
take turns 轮流
in turn 轮流;反过来活学活用
完成句子
1)We (轮流) to do the housework.?
2)We read the poem (轮流).?
3) (轮到他) to be on duty.?
翻译句子
4)每一位学生轮流起来发言。take turns by turns It’s his turn Each student in (his) turn gets up and speaks. 1234567891210111311.They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.
他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中,这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。
剖析which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词carbon dioxide。
考点prevent ... from阻止;制止
【高考典句】(2015·重庆高考)In that case,eat before the flight,or an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping.
那样的话,登机前吃点东西,否则空着的胃会让你睡不着觉。
They didn’t prevent him expressing his views.
他们没有阻止他发表自己的观点。
归纳:prevent...from后接动词的-ing形式,在主动句中其中的from可以省略。123456789121011131)prevent...from的同义词组:
stop...from... keep...from...
Seemingly,we can do nothing to stop this (from) happening.
我们似乎没有办法来阻止这件事情的发生。
This medicine helps to keep the teeth from loosening.
这种药有助于防止牙齿松动。
归纳:stop...from...中from可以省略,而keep...from...中的from不能省略。
2)protect...from/against...表示“保护……使之不受……的侵袭/伤害”。如:
She protected her eyes from the sun with her hand.
她用手挡住阳光以保护眼睛。活学活用
语法填空
(1)He made up his mind to devote his life_____________________ (prevent) pollution to live happily.?
(2)His back injury may prevent him from (play) in tomorrow’s game.?
(3)We must do whatever we can (prevent) the river being polluted any more.?
(4)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012,
made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.?12345678912101113to preventing playingto prevent which 1234567891210111312.So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
所以,在未来的数百万年中,生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。
剖析1)本句中,有两个whether引导的从句,其中whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come是主语从句;whether this problem can be solved做介词on的宾语,是宾语从句,此处的whether不能换成if。
2)在表示宇宙间独一无二的天体前,要用定冠词,如本句中的on the earth。
3)to come为动词不定式,做后置定语,修饰millions of years。12345678912101113活学活用
语法填空
1)Can we see sun when we are in space??
选词填空:if,whether
2)His ability is never in doubt—the question is he is prepared to work hard.?
3)Please tell me you will go to the lectures tomorrow.?
4)It depends on the sky is going to clear up.?
5)Look,Kate,I’m calling the doctor. you like it or not.?the whether if/whether whether Whether 1234567891210111313.How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.
生命到底是怎样起源的是科学家们发现难以解决的最大难题之一。
剖析1)How life began on earth是主语从句。
2)that scientists found hard to solve是定语从句,修饰先行词the biggest puzzles。12345678912101113考点puzzle n.谜;难题 vt.& vi. (使)迷惑;(使)为难
It is still a puzzle to me how he solved the problem.
他怎样解决那个问题的对我来说仍是一个谜。
The murder case was a puzzle to the detective.
这宗谋杀案成了侦探的难题。
That’s what puzzles me.
那是使我迷惑的事情。
She puzzled over the postmark on the letter.
她对于信封上的邮戳迷惑不解。
归纳:puzzle做名词时为可数名词。12345678912101113派生词:puzzled adj.迷惑不解的
puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
Hearing the puzzling problem,he felt puzzled and there was a puzzled look on his face.
听了这个让人迷惑的问题,他感到迷惑不解,脸上露出了困惑的表情。
归纳:puzzled多用来修饰表示人的词语;puzzling多用来修饰表示事物的词语;但修饰人的表情则用puzzled。12345678912101113活学活用
语法填空
1)She felt (puzzle) about her future.?
2)The look on her face suggested she was
?by the ?maths problem.(puzzle)?puzzled puzzled puzzled puzzling 课件20张PPT。Section Ⅱ — Learning about Language一二三一、请找出下列句子的主语,并归纳什么可以做句子的主语
1.We see him every day in our everyday life.
2.To see is to believe.
3.Raising pigs is her job.
4.What he wants is some milk.
5.It is important to learn English.答案:We 答案:To see 答案:Raising pigs 答案:What he wants 答案:to learn English 一二三6.The news is exciting.
7.It is necessary that we go to help him.
8.With the help of Xiao Wang,they finished the work on time.
归纳:可以充当句子主语的有:答案:The news 答案:that we go to help him 答案:they 答案:代词、动词不定式、动词-ing(短语)、句子和名词 一二三二、读下列英语谚语,找出其中含有主语从句的句子
1.What is learned in the cradle is carried to the grave.
2.A bad beginning makes a bad ending.
3.Children are what the mothers are.
4.What’s done cannot be undone.
5.What’s lost is lost.
6.Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain.答案:1,4,5 一二三三、欣赏下列幽默故事,画出其中的主语从句
A:What you need now is a doctor.You must see a doctor before dark.
B:Well,whether he is coming or not is a problem.
A:Why do you think so?
B:“An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” And I’ve eaten 13 apples today.
A:Really?But it is said that Doctor Smith is not afraid of apples,which he likes very much.So,don’t worry about whether he is coming.一二三答案:A:What you need now is a doctor.You must see a doctor before dark.?
B:Well,whether he is coming or not is a problem.?
A:Why do you think so?
B:“An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” And I’ve eaten 13 apples today.
A:Really?But it is said that Doctor Smith is not afraid of apples,which he likes very much.So,don’t worry about whether he is coming.?121.As a result of this event,a great dust cloud formed in the sky blocking out the sunlight.
正因为这一事件,天空中形成了一团巨大的尘云,挡住了阳光。
剖析动词-ing短语blocking out the sunlight在句子中做结果状语。
They worked day and night,finishing the work ahead of time.
他们日夜工作,结果提前完成了工作。
考点词组block out的含义是“挡住,遮住(光线和声音);忘掉,抹去(不愉快的事)”。如:
The volcanic ash blocked out the sun.火山灰挡住了太阳。
An ugly building blocked out the view from the window.
一座难看的大楼遮住了窗外的风景。
I try to block out the unpleasant experience.
我尽力去忘记那段不愉快的经历。12阅读下列句子,体会黑体部分的含义
Various barricades block off all the main streets of the city.
各种路障封锁住了城里所有的主要道路。
归纳:block off 封锁,封闭
The traffic is very heavy and has begun to block up the streets.
交通量很大,已经开始把街道阻塞了。
My nose is blocked up with the cold.
由于感冒,我的鼻子不通气。
归纳:block up 阻塞,塞住,封住(孔、洞)12【高考典句】(2016·北京高考)At one point,huge piles of snow blocked his way.
在一个地方,雪堆堵住了他的去路。
归纳 block one’s way 挡住某人的路12活学活用
语法填空
1)More highways have been built in China, (make) it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.?
2)They worked hard every day, (succeed) at last.?
选词填空:block out,block up,block one’s way,block off
3)You can’t leave the village.All the streets are .?
4)A piece of rock had fallen and .We had to stop.?
5)Over the years she had tried to that part of her life.?
6)This pipe(管子) is .There is a piece of wood in it.?making succeeding blocked off blocked our way block out blocked up 122.Grammar:主语从句
考点一 英语中的主语从句(the subject clause)在句中做主语,有以下两种结构:
1)主语从句位于句首。如:
What he wanted to see was an end to all the wars of the world.
他想要看到的是世界上所有战争的结束。
2)主语从句位于句尾,使用it做形式主语。如:
It was right that the temple was rebuilt.
庙被改建了,这很好。
在下列情况下,一般使用形式主语it,而将真正的主语从句放在后面:12①谓语部分含有seem,appear,be (im)possible,be a pity,be a wonder,be likely等。如:
It appeared to scientists on the earth that the stars had moved.
在地球上的科学家看来,这些星球已经移动了。
It’s a wonder that you recognized me.
你能认出我来,真是奇怪。
②在It is known ...;It is said ...;It is hoped ...;It is believed ...等惯用的被动结构中。如:
It is believed that before writing was developed,people used to keep records by putting a number of stones together.
人们认为在文字发明之前,人们靠把许多石头聚集在一起来作记录。12考点二 主语从句的连接词可以分为以下三类:
1)that,whether/if
连接词that本身没有意义,不做句子成分,只表示从句的开始,位于句首时,that不能省略;whether/if含有“是否”的意思,whether可以加上or not,其语意不变。whether和if也有不同的用法,如果主语从句位于句首则必须用连接词whether,不用if。如:
Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
明天我们是否去野营取决于天气情况。
2)what,who,which,whose,when,where,why,how
这一类连接词,除了可以引导主语从句之外,在从句中又分别起代词、副词或形容词的作用,在从句中分别做主语、宾语、表语、状语和定语等。what,who,which,whose等又称为连接代词;when,where,why,how等又称为连接副词。试比较:12Who will do it doesn’t matter.(连接代词who在从句中做主语)
谁要做这件事没关系。
What we need is more water.(连接代词what在从句中做need的宾语)
我们所需要的是更多的水。
Which of the two is better remains to be seen.(连接代词which在从句中做主语)
这两者中哪个更好尚待分晓。
When we will start the work is important.(连接副词when在从句中做时间状语)
我们什么时候开始工作很重要。
Where the library is to be built has not been decided yet.(连接副词where在从句中做地点状语)
图书馆要建在哪里还未决定。12Why she was late for school is quite clear now.(连接副词why在从句中做原因状语)
她上学迟到的原因现在看来很清楚。
Which plan is better will be announced later.(which在从句中做名词plan的定语)
哪个计划更好稍后会宣布。
3)whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever
whatever等连接词与what等连接代词的用法一样,只是具有较强的语意,有“凡是,不管,无论……”等意思。如:
Whatever he said wasn’t true.他说的任何事情都不是真的。
Whoever guesses what I have in my hand may have it.
不管谁猜对了我手里拿的是什么,这东西就给他/她。
Whichever book you choose is yours.无论你选中哪本书,都归你。12活学活用
用主语从句完成句子
1)她是否会来仍是个未知数。
is still a question.(whether)?
2)她能来帮忙使我们很高兴。
made us very happy.(that)?
3)大地震使很多人丧生,令世界人民震惊。
frightened people all over the world.(that)?答案:Whether she will come or not 答案:That she could come to help us 答案:That the big earthquake had killed many people 124)在这部电影中他将扮演什么角色尚未知晓。
hasn’t been known.(what)?
5)我们何时举行会议是个重要问题。
is an important question.(when)?
6)约翰为何上课迟到还没有给出说明。
has been unexplained.(why)?
7)无论他说什么总是让人们感到好笑。
made people amused.(whatever)?答案:What role he will play in the film 答案:When we will have/hold a meeting 答案:Why John was late for class Whatever he said always 128)他为何没说一句话就离开了家很令家人担忧。
worries his family.(why)?
用适当的连接词完成句子
9)Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it was probably around 1565.?
10) the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.?
11) has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.?
12)It is important he should know about this.?
13) they would support us was a problem.?答案:Why he left home without saying a word when When Whoever that Whether 1214) Mike didn’t turn up at the meeting yesterday is unknown.?
15)It is reported China has sent another man-made satellite.?
16) he is still alive is a wonder.?
17) type of computer he will buy needs discussing.?
18) the book will sell depends on its author.And I think it’ll sell well.?
19)It is still a mystery caused the accident.?
20) I told you is true.?Why that That What How what What 12判断下列句子中从句的类型
21)Has it been decided where the players will perform the experiment?
22)I don’t believe they have finished their work yet.
23)Whether he will come is still uncertain.
24)The problem is how we can get the money.
25)It is certain that Jim will do well in the final exam.答案:主语从句 答案:宾语从句 答案:主语从句 答案:表语从句 答案:主语从句 课件23张PPT。Section Ⅲ — Using Language,Summing Up & Learning Tip一二三四一、将单词与相对应的释义搭配起来
A B
1.spaceship a.to shout as a way of showing happiness, praise, encouragement,etc.
2.pull b.a small room on a ship where you live or sleep
3.cheer c.to use your hands to make sth or sb move towards you
4.cabin d.a vehicle for carrying people through space
答案:1.d 2.c 3.a 4.b一二三四二、短语互译
A.温故:从文中找出下列短语并写出它们的汉语意思。
1.rise into air ?
2.get close to ?
3.come on ?
4.enjoy oneself ?
B.知新:从文中找出与下列释义对应的英文。
1.感到高兴;感到振奋 ?
2.既然 ?
3.突发;爆发 ?
4.密切注意;当心;提防 ?升空 接近 快;加油 玩得愉快 cheer up now that break out watch out 一二三四三、补全对话
A: ?
B: Yes.
A: Can you tell me what the sentence means in this passage?
B: ?
A: ?
B: No, because I fell down while playing football and hurt my leg. Then I was sent to hospital.
A: ?
B: Much better. Thank you!
A: Sit down, please. ?
B: Thank you!D E A C B 一二三四A. Didn’t you attend my lesson yesterday?
B. And listen carefully to others.
C. Oh, my God. How are you now?
D. Stand up, please, Chen Yang.
E. Sorry, I can’t.一二三四四、阅读Using Language 中的短文A VISIT TO THE MOON,判断正(T)误(F)
1.The author made his first trip to the moon.
2.While the rocket tried to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity,the author and his friend were talking happily.
3.The spaceship didn’t fall back to the earth because it was too far from the moon.
4.When a person is on the moon,he is lighter than he is on the earth.
5.The author wants to explore other natural satellites like the moon.T F F T F 123451.As the rocket rose into the air,we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity.
随着火箭升空,因为在脱离地球的引力,我们被引力重重地向后推在座位上。
剖析1)as the rocket rose into the air是时间状语从句。
2)because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity是原因状语从句。
考点pull n.& vt. 拉(力);拖;牵引力
He felt a slight pull at his coat.他感觉上衣被轻拉了一下。
The moon’s pull affects the tide on the earth.
月亮的引力影响地球上的潮汐。12345【高考典句】(2015·四川高考)They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled.
他们把绳子的一端缠在了一块石头上,然后开始拉。
1)反义词:push vt.推
He pushed open the library’s door.他推开了图书馆的门。
2)pull还有“穿上或脱下衣服、鞋袜”等的含义,如:
pull on表示“匆忙穿上”;pull off表示“匆忙脱下”。
He pulled on his coat and left quickly.
他匆忙穿上外套迅速离开了。
They pulled off their stockings.他们匆忙脱下长袜。123453)pull重点词组归纳:
pull through渡过难关;恢复健康
pull away脱身;离开
pull in (out) 进站;靠岸(出站;离岸)
pull down摧毁;推翻;拆除
pull up停下;拔起
The doctor is sure that he will pull through.
医生确信他将恢复健康。
She tried to pull away from the man.
她试图挣脱开那个男子。12345
Has the train pulled in (out)?火车进(出)站了吗?
The old house was pulled down.那座老房子被拆了。
The car pulled up outside the inn.
汽车在小酒馆外面停下了。12345活学活用
语法填空
1)He gave a strong (pull) at the rope.?
2)He (pull) as hard as he could.?
用pull的适当短语填空
3)He his coat and joined us in the work.?
4)His home was by fire.?
5)He at the traffic lights.?
翻译句子
6)使我惊讶的是,他们正在拆我的房子。
?
7)当我到达那儿时,火车已经驶出了车站。pull pulled pulled off pulled down pulled up To my surprise,they are pulling down my house. When I arrived there,the train had pulled out of the station. 123452.I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.
我立刻感到很高兴,由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去,我望着(身后的)地球越来越小,而(前方的)月球越来越大。
剖析watching the earth become smaller ...在句中做伴随状语。动词-ing做伴随状语的注意点:动词-ing做伴随状语时,与主句的主语存在主动关系,即主句的主语是动词-ing的逻辑主语。动词-ing所表示的动作通常与主句的谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
People are sitting on the sofa,listening to the news about the star.
人们坐在沙发上,听关于那个明星的新闻。12345考点cheer up 感到高兴;感到振奋
They cheered up at the thought of going home.
他们一想到回家,心里就高兴起来。
I cheered up at the good news.
听到这个好消息,我的精神马上振奋起来。
Cheer up!Things are not so bad as they seem.
振作起来!情况并不像看上去那样糟。
归纳:cheer up既是及物动词短语,也是不及物动词短语,接代词做宾语时,要把代词放在中间。
cheer on为……鼓气,向……喝彩
As the football match was in progress,we kept cheering on both teams.
足球赛进行时,我们不断地为双方加油。12345活学活用
语法填空
1)Sarah pretended to be cheerful, (say) nothing about the argument.?
2)—I’m thinking of the driving test tomorrow.I’m afraid I can’t pass this time.
— (cheer up)!I’m sure you’ll make it.?
3)The support of the students (cheer up) the losing team and they played harder,so in the end they won the game.?
4)All the people (cheer up) at the good news that our country had successfully launched a manned satellite.?saying Cheer up cheered up cheered up 123453.“Oh dear,” I cried,“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”
“天哪,”我大声说,“重力改变了,看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”
剖析句子中的does起加强语气的作用。如:
He does get up early every day.他的确每天起床很早。
考点now that既然
【高考典句】(2016·课标全国高考丙)But now that information is being spread and monitored in different ways,researchers are discovering new rules.
但是由于信息正在以不同的方式传播和监控,研究人员一直在发现新的规则。12345You should act now (that)you have expressed your determination.
既然你表示了决心,就应该行动起来。
归纳 now that引导原因状语从句,在口语中常把that省略。
(1)表示原因的连词:now that,since,because,for,as,considering(that),in that等。
(2)引出原因状语的短语:due to,thanks to,because of,as a result of,owing to,on account of等。12345活学活用
翻译句子
1)既然天气那么好,我们去野餐吧。
2)昨天我们的确在图书馆见到了他。答案:Now that the weather is fine,let’s go for a picnic. 答案:We did see him in the library yesterday. 123454.We watched,amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.
我们惊奇地看着,随着地球引力的增加,宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。
考点break out 突发;爆发(不用于被动语态)
It was almost midnight yesterday that a fire broke out in the neighbourhood.
昨天快半夜了这附近突然发生了火灾。
When the war broke out,the old man was still living there.
战争爆发时,那位老人仍住在那里。
归纳:break out常指火灾、战争等突然爆发。123451)break out in/with突然布满,突然流露出(强烈的感情)。如:
The boy was so frightened that he broke out in/with a cold sweat.那个男孩吓得出了一身冷汗。
2)阅读下列句子,归纳break的相关短语
I can’t have you breaking down in health.
我不能让你的身体垮了。
The secretary broke in to say the guests had arrived.
秘书插嘴说客人们已经到了。
He hopes to break through soon in his experiment.
他希望不久能在他的实验上取得重大成果。
The students will break up next week.
学生们将在下周停课放假。12345归纳:break down(机器、车辆等)坏了;(计划等)失败;(身体)垮了;分解
break in 强行进入;插嘴
break through 突破,打通;取得重大成果
break up 散(会);停课放假;分开,分散12345活学活用
用break的适当短语填空
1)His plan when it was put into practice because he had not given enough attention to details.?
2)The car on halfway so we had to walk to school.?
3)A serious drought (干旱) in the southeastern countries of Asia that year.?
4)When did you with your boyfriend??
5)Peaceful talks between the two sides have .?broke down broke down broke out break up broken down/through 123455.Watch out for...密切注意……;当心……;提防……
Watch out for the stairs—they’re steep.
小心楼梯,这些台阶很陡。
You should watch out for John,who often makes fun of others.
你应该提防约翰,他经常取笑别人。
watch短语归纳:
watch one’s step走路小心;谨慎行事
watch over监视;看守;照顾
The teacher advised Jim to watch his step.
老师建议吉姆谨慎行事。
I am your best friend,and I will always watch over you.
我是你最好的朋友,我将一直照顾你。12345活学活用
完成句子
1)While crossing the street,please (当心) for the coming cars.?
2)Will you (照管) my clothes while I have a swim??
3)There must have been an angel (照顾) me that day.?
4)What problems should I (注意) when buying an old house??watch out watch over watching over watch out for 课件6张PPT。Section Ⅳ— Writing写作指导常用表达写作结构针对训练如何写申请信
申请信属于应用文,宜用第一人称,一般现在时态和一般将来时态。
首先应简单介绍自己的情况。根据写作提示及要求来写(不能涉及个人真实的学校、年龄和姓名等)。个人情况一般包括姓名、出生日期(或年龄)、学历(班级和学校等)、爱好或与申请活动相关的资料,然后明确表达想参加活动或项目的愿望及理由,理由可根据自己的爱好或特长以及对所申请项目的理解等去搜集资料。注意写作要点之间衔接要自然、流畅。写作指导常用表达写作结构针对训练1.I was so excited to hear the news that ...
2.I’m writing to tell you that ...
3.I’m very curious about ...
4.I have a hobby of doing ...
5.I’m very interested in ...
6.I’d like to share my knowledge of ...
7.I’d appreciate it if ...写作指导常用表达写作结构针对训练第一段:写信的目的(I’m writing to let you know that ...)。
第二段:个人情况介绍并表达对想参加活动的愿望和理由。
第三段:表示感谢,也可与第二段合并。写作指导常用表达写作结构针对训练假如你校团委为了提高中学生对太空科学的热爱,准备组织一个太空爱好者的夏令营活动,成员们可以相互交流,并允许去西昌一个发射塔(launching tower)参观。假如你是高二三班的学生李华,对此非常感兴趣,请你用英语写一封申请信。
?写作指导常用表达写作结构针对训练参考范文:
Dear Sir,
I was so excited to hear the news that you are going to organize a summer camp for space lovers.I am writing to let you know that I would like to become a member of it very much.
As a student in Class 3,Senior 2,I am very curious about the mysteries of space.I have had a hobby of collecting various pictures of starry nights since primary school.I would like to communicate with other space lovers, share my knowledge of space with them,and learn more from them.I am also very interested in visiting the launching tower in Xichang.I know it will be very interesting and rewarding.
I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration.
Yours,
Li Hua
