课件12张PPT。专题五 短文改错
2018－2016年短文改错考情一览表
短文改错属于英语写作的考查范畴。试题给出一篇约100个单词的短文，文中有10处错误，错误类型包括词法、句法、行文逻辑等。分析近三年全国卷可知该题型所考查的词类覆盖面广，却有所侧重：动词的考查频率最高，包括时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致和情态动词等；其他常考点有名词的单复数、形容词与副词的误用、介词、连词、冠词、代词等方面的错误。命题形式涉及错词、多词和少词，比例一般为8∶1∶1。
第一节 真题演练
短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
A
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.
【答案】
B
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank. I forgot what he had said to me altogether. The instructor kept repeating the word，“Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！” I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.
【答案】
C
(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. Though not very big，but the restaurant is popular in our area.It is always crowded with customers at meal times.Some people even had to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead，he hopes that our business will grow steady.
【答案】
课件49张PPT。第二节 考法分析
考法一 词法错误
命题点1 谓语动词
【典题1】(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)．..，my parents would not to let me.________
【解析】 考查情态动词。would是情态动词，表意愿，后需接动词原形，故to多余。
【答案】 去掉to
【典题2】(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Still I unwilling to play the games with them sometimes.________
【解析】 考查谓语动词。此句缺谓语动词，be willing to do sth.是固定用法，表示“不愿做某事”。结合语境和时态可知，应用一般过去时，故在I后面was。
【答案】 在I后加was
【典题3】(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin.________
【解析】 考查时态。根据语境可知，此处为过去完成时，故应用过去分词。故把begin改为begun。
【答案】 begin→begun
命题点2 非谓语动词
【典题1】(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me.________
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。ask to do sth.表示“要求做某事”，为固定用法。故watching改为watch。
【答案】 watching→watch
【典题2】(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.________
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。此处表示伴随，且与Everyone为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词。故wait改为waiting。
【答案】 wait→waiting
【典题3】(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious.________
【解析】 考查固定搭配。be eager to do sth.“渴望做某事”为固定搭配，故在eager后加to。
【答案】 eager后加to
命题点3 冠词
【典题1】(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.________
【解析】 考查冠词。因为hour的发音以元音音素开头，所以其前用an。此处也可用one表示数量“一”。故a改为an/one。
【答案】 第一个a改为an/one
【典题2】(2017·全国卷Ⅲ) Around me in picture are the things which were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments.________
【解析】 考查冠词或限定词。picture作“照片”之意时是可数名词，因为上文已提到过这张照片，因此要用定冠词the或限定词this。
【答案】 picture前加the/this
命题点4 名 词
【典题1】(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)When I was little, Friday's night was our family game night.________
【解析】 考查名词作定语。“星期五晚上”习惯上说Friday night。故Friday's改为Friday。
【答案】 Friday's→Friday【典题2】(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.________
【解析】 考查名词的单复数。由前面的all “所有的”可知，sort应用复数形式，all sorts意为“各种各样”。故sort改为sorts。
【答案】 sort→sorts
【典题3】(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.________
【解析】 考查名词的数。根据语境可知，此处表示“从课本和错误中学习”，mistake“错误”为可数名词，应使用复数形式，即mistakes。故mistake改为mistakes。
【答案】 mistake→mistakes
【典题4】(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.________
【解析】 考查可数与不可数名词的误用。information为不可数名词，没有复数形式。故把informations改为information。
【答案】 informations→information
命题点5 形容词和副词
【典题1】(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.________
【解析】 考查形容词。此处无比较级含义，故用原级。故larger改为large。
【答案】 larger→large
【典题2】(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Immediate, I raised my hand.________
【解析】 考查副词。此处为副词作状语，修饰后面整个句子。故将Immediate改为Immediately。
【答案】 Immediate→Immediately【典题3】(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes，playing pop music，and collecting the late music albums.________
【解析】 考查形容词和形近词辨析。名词kinds前需要形容词来修饰，因此把名词difference改为形容词different。再结合句意，这里表示收集最新的音乐专辑，故late改为latest。
【答案】 difference→different；late→latest
命题点6 代 词
【典题1】(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.________
【解析】 考查代词。根据行文逻辑可知，此处表示“他们会对我(me)说”。所以用对应的宾格代词me作介词的宾语。故us改为me。
【答案】 us→me
【典题2】(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I had done myself homework, but I was shy.________
【解析】 考查代词或限定词。此处意为“我的作业或这次作业”，homework应用形容词性物主代词my / the修饰。故将myself改为my/the。
【答案】 myself→my/the
【典题3】(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.________
【解析】 考查人称代词指代一致错误。全文介绍的是“我”的故事，因此这里应该是“我”高中时期的回忆。故把your改为my。
【答案】 your→my
【典题4】(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school.________
【解析】 考查不定代词的误用。因为主语是两个人，故用both表示两者都，而all则表示三者或三者以上的全部。因all在此作同位语，故此处也可将all去掉。
【答案】 all→both或去掉all
命题点7 介 词
【典题1】(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.________
【解析】 考查介词。表示“和某人玩……”习惯用play...with sb.，故将for改为with。
【答案】 for→with
【典题2】(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They have also bought for some gardening tools.________
【解析】 考查介词误用。buy为及物动词，表示“买某物”直接用buy sth.。buy还可用于buy sb. sth.或buy sth. for sb.意为“为某人买某物”。故去掉for。
【答案】 去掉for
【典题3】(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Now I am leaving home to college.________
【解析】 考查介词误用。leave...for...表示“离开某地去某地”，college是目的地，故把to改为for。
【答案】 to→for
考法二 句法错误
命题点1 主谓一致
错误类型：(1)主谓在人称或单复数上不一致。(2)在含有定语从句或强调结构中的主谓不一致方面的错误。(3)非谓语动词短语作主语或主语从句作主语时主谓不一致方面的错误。(4)“就近”与“就远”原则的错用。
【典题1】(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.________【解析】 考查主谓一致。该句为一般现在时，主语为that，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故include改为includes。
【答案】 include→includes
【典题2】(2016·浙江卷)He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.________
【解析】 考查主谓一致。根据主语we可知，谓语动词应该用复数形式，而且这篇文章是作者回忆小时候的事情，用一般过去时，故was改为were。
【答案】 was→were
命题点2 主从句连接词误用
【典题1】(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.________
【解析】 考查连词。此处表示“当我还是个孩子的时候”，故将where改为when(引导时间状语从句)。故where改为when。
【答案】 where→when
【典题2】(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.________
【解析】 考查关系代词。此处是非限制性定语从句，且关系代词在从句中作主语，指代上文的garden，所以只能用which来引导该定语从句。故that改为which。
【答案】 that→which
考法三 语篇错误
在短文改错中，有时会碰到词法和句法方面均没有错误的句子，此时就必须从行文逻辑上来判断句子的合理性。
【典题1】(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.________
【解析】 考查上下文的逻辑关系。此处his与her之间表示选择而非并列，故将and改为or。
【答案】 and→or
【典题2】(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.________
【解析】 考查上下文的逻辑关系。根据语境可知，前后两句之间为转折关系，故把so改为but或yet。
【答案】 so→but/yet
【典题3】(2016·全国卷Ⅱ) If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.________
【解析】 考查上下文的逻辑关系。如果我们待在家里，很舒服也没有必要花钱。前后分句之间为并列关系，而不是转折关系，所以使用and连接上下文。故把but改为and。
【答案】 but→and
短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
A
(2018·福建省高三毕业班质检)Mao Zhaomu drop out of high school several years ago.Now the self?taught English learner has been admitted to one of China's top foreign language university，Sichuan International Studies University，that he used to deliver food to students.Mao once worked a delivery man for a restaurant.And he chatted happy with English learners online during her spare time.There were much grammatical mistakes，but that didn't prevent him from chatting.To seize every chance to study English，he would memorize words while wait for customers.Mao said that how he hoped very much to become an interpreter.Whoever have a dream and dares to seek it is the loveliest person.
【答案】
B
(2018·武汉市高中毕业生调研)I once had a bad experience.One day several years ago, I went shop with my friends.As I entered a small shoe store, but I saw two women selecting shoes.Suddenly they raise their voice and began to talk loudly about how beautifully the shoes were and how low the price was.Just then an old couple walked onto the shop.The two women urged her to buy a pair.When the couple left a store with the shoes，I noticed the shop owner gave the two women some cashes.He also promised offer them more unless more people bought his shoes.
【答案】
C
(2018·济南市高考模拟)This morning，when I was walking in the street，I saw two traveler were reading a map，looked puzzled.It seemed that we were lost.I went up them and asked how I could help.They told me that they were looking for the Temple of Heaven.I lead them to a nearby bus stop and advised them to take Bus No.20，that could take them there directly.They appreciated my help great.Before long, the bus pulled out. They got on a bus and waved goodbye to me.Seeing them on the bus, and I felt a kind of satisfaction.
【答案】
D
(2018·成都市第二次诊断性检测)I have always been doing volunteer work，so I had never really thought about doing work abroad until I found some informations on this specific trip.There was a picture attaching to an e?mail, which was sent regarding a trip.It showed two little girls that they needed volunteers.The image makes me fall in love with the idea of going somewhere complete different from my home.What attracted me about the trip was it was to a place I'd never visit by myself.I wanted to go nowhere that would make me step out into my comfort zone.
【答案】
