专题一 2019名词四大高频易考点
考点扫描☆名师点拨
名词是中考的常考点也是必考点，主要考查学生是否掌握名词复数的规则变化和不规则变化、可数名词和不可数名词的区分及不可数名词的运用，以及名词所有格的运用、名词词义的辨析等。
高频考点一：名词的单复数变化，主要涉及以下考点：
1. 可数名词复数的判断。
2. 可数名词与不可数名词的判断及变形。
3. 不可数名词的数量表达，用：基数词/冠词＋数量词＋of。
高频考点二 名词的所有格，主要涉及以下考点：
1. 有生命的名词及表时间、距离、国家等常用-'s。
2. 无生命的名词一般用：of＋名词。
3. 表两个人共同拥有，用“A and B's”。
4. 表两个人各自拥有，用“A's and B's”。
高频考点三：名词词义的辨析，主要涉及以下考点：
语境辨析。
2. 近义词辨析。
3. 固定搭配。熟记各类常见短语的含义及用法。
高频考点四：名词作定语，主要涉及以下考点：
1. 名词作定语，一般用单数。
2. man和woman作定语，其单复数与被修饰词的单复数保持一致。
3. 复合形容词作定语，结构为：数字＋(连字符即“-”)＋名词单数。
纵观近几年名词的中考考题，试题大多分布在词汇应用、单项选择以及书面表达中，我们只要掌握了试题特点，抓住试题考点，就能给出正确答案，所以在今后的复习中，我们必须紧扣高频考点，进行专项练习。
考点剖析☆聚焦高频
高频考点剖析一 名词的数
一、可数名词的复数
1.名词变复数的规则形式
1).一般情况下直接加s如：book------books ，cup-----cups
2).以辅音字母+y结尾的，先变y为i再加es 如：city-------cities ，family-----families
3).以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es如： bus-----buses ，wish------wishes ，watch------watches
4).以o结尾的多数加s初中阶段只有三个单词加es如：tomato-----tomatoes，potato------potatoes ， hero-----heroes
（我们可以用一句话记忆：英雄（hero）爱吃西红柿（tomato）和土豆（potato））
.以f或fe 结尾的，先把f、fe变成v再加es 如：leaf----leaves，self---selves，shelf----shelves，life----lives，thief---thieves .
（我们可以用一句话记忆：树叶（leaf）半数（half）自己（self）黄，妻子（wife）拿刀（knife）去杀牛（calf）；架（shelf）后窜出一只狼（wolf），就像小偷（thief）逃命（life）忙））
2.名词变复数的不规则形式
（1）man----men woman---women child----children foot-----feet tooth----teeth mouse---mice
（2）单复同形 如： deer---deer fish----fish sheep----sheep Chinese ----Chinese Japanese---Japanese
（我们可以用一句话记忆：中（Chinese）日（Japanese）警察（police）好友（people）来聚会，鹿（deep）、羊（sheep）、鱼（fish）、牛（cattle）齐齐把家回）
（3）与?man?和?woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是?-men?和-women. 如：Englishman----Englishmen Frenchman----Frenchmen
（我们可以用一句话记忆：男士(man)、女士(woman)a变e;鹅(goose)牙(tooth)脚(foot)双o双e;孩子们(child)想去天安门，原形后面r、e、n）
二、不可数名词的复数
不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特殊用法:
（1）同一个词,变成复数形式, 意义不同。eg. food 食物--- foods 各种食物time 时间 --- times 时代
（2）有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物eg. hope ---hopes 希望 hardship --- hardships 艰苦
（3）物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示 eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several bags of rice, …
高频考点剖析二： 名词的所有格
1. ’s所有格(主要表示有生命的人或物的名词)
（1）一般情况（包括单数名词和不带词尾s的复数名词）加’s如：the?child’s?bag?这个孩子的书包?children’s?books?儿童用书??
（2）带词尾s的复数名词只加省字撇(’)如：girls’?school?女子学校?the?smiths’?car?史密斯家的小汽车??带词尾s的单数，通常仍加’s，如the?boss’s?new?car
（3）带词尾s的人名，可加’s或只加省字撇(’)如：Dickens’?novels?狄更斯的小说?Charles’?job?查理斯的工作，不带词尾s，却以[s]结尾，一律加’s,如Marx’s?马克思的著作
（4）用and连接的的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加’s，表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加’s。
如：Tom’s?and?Jack’s?room?汤姆和杰克（各自）的房间。Tom?and?Jack’s?room?汤姆和杰克（共同）的房间。
【注意】表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词， 也可以用’s 所有格。如：
Today’s newspaper 今天的报纸 the world’s biggest problem 世界最大的问题
an hour’s walk/ride 走路/开车一小时的路程 eight days’ holiday = an eight-day holiday 八天的假期
2.“of ”所有格的构成。
（1）于无生命的东西。如：a map of the world一张世界地图 the CEO of the IBM IBM的首席执行官
（2）用于名词化的词。如：the livelihood of the poor穷人的生计
（3）修饰语较多时。如：the very long and graceful tail of the old black cat老黑猫又长又优雅的尾巴
（4）用于代词宾格之前。如：five of us.我们当中的五个
3. 双重所有格：表某整体的一部分，强调部分与整体的关系。
（1）a/an/数词/any/some/several/no/few/another/all/many + 名词+of + 名词’s。如：a friend of my father’s
（2）名词+ of + 名词性物主代词。如：a friend of mine
高频考点三 词义辨析
几组常考的名词词义辨析
1、sport、game、match、race 的区别：sport通常指“户外运动”，以锻炼为主，概念较大；game意思是“运动、比赛”，不管户内户外还是脑力体力，指以胜负为主的运动；match意为“竞赛、比赛”，多指正式比赛；race主要表示“赛跑、赛马、赛车”。如：People all around the world enjoy sports.（全世界的人都喜爱运动） / The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.（2008奥运会将在北京举行）（被动句） / Our school football team won the league match（联赛）。（我们学校足球队取得了联赛冠军） / They were strong and won the boat race.（汤他们很棒，赢得了划艇比赛）
2、festival、holiday、vacation的区别：festival“节日”，指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文娱活动；holiday（假日、休息日），指法定假日或风俗习惯，复数可以表示一个较长的假期；vacation“假期”，指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。如：The Shanghai Television Festival will be held next month.（上海电视节将在下个月举行） / Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.（星期天是个假日，多数人不工作） / What are you going to do during the summer vacation/holidays？（在暑期你打算做什么事情？）
3、journey、tour、trip、travel的区别：journey指在陆地上（或海上或空中）进行的长途旅行，不知终点，含有辛苦的意思；tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行，强调游览多处，常用来指观光等；trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行，如出差度假等；travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行，尤其指到国外，没有明确目的地，也作不可数名词，指旅行这一行为。如：He made up his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.（他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行）/ He has gone on a walking tour.（他步行观光去了） / He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar.（去年他去了上海好几次） / Did you go to Santiago（圣地亚哥） during your travels？（旅行期间你去圣地亚哥了吗？） / Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.（在密林里边穿行是很危险的）
4、sound、noise、voice的区别：sound指各种声音；noise主要指“噪音”；voice指人的“嗓音”。如：The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.（街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠） / All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.（突然间传来几声枪响和一声尖叫） / The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.（因为感冒的缘故，这个歌唱家失去了她银铃般的嗓音）
5、fish的问题：指许多条鱼且不管种类时，用fish，单复数相同；fishes 指许多种类的鱼；fish指“鱼肉”时是不可数名词。如：There are many kinds of fishes in the pool. （池子里有很多种类的鱼）I prefer fish to meat.（与肉相比我更喜欢鱼）
高频考点四：名词作定语
1. 名词作定语，一般用单数。
2. man和woman作定语，其单复数与被修饰词的单复数保持一致。
3. 复合形容词作定语，结构为：数字＋(连字符即“-”)＋名词单数。
考点过关☆专项突破
类型一 名词的数
( )1. (2018宜宾)Yibin is one of the most beautiful ________ in Sichuan.
A. city B. cities C. citys
( )2. (2018广安)—Have you heard of Lin Zexu and Zhan Tianyou?
—Of course. They are our national ________．
A. hero B. heros C. heroes D. hero's
( )3. (2018昆明)Each couple in China can have two ________ from January 1st, 2018.
A. boy B. girl C. children D. child
( )4. ( 2018广东)The broken ________ may cut into your hand if you touch it. You should be careful.
A. glass B. glasses C. candle D. candles
( )5. (2018南宁)These ________ in beautiful dresses will have a party this evening.
A. man B. men C. woman D. women
( )6. (2018怀化)—Mum, I'm hungry. May I have some________？
—Sure. But don't eat too much.
A. hamburgers B. milks C. cake
( )7. (2018来宾)—There are many ________ about this farm.
—Yes, lots of ________ are planted on it.
A．photo; potato B．photos; potatos C．photos; potatoes D．photoes; potatoes
( )8. (2018巴中)Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous ________ in American________．
A. symbol; culture B. symbols; cultures C. symbols; culture
( )9. (2018天水)There are many websites on the Internet and there ________ a lot of useful ________ on the websites.
A. are; informations B. are; information C. is; information D. is; informations
类型二 名词所有格
( )1. (2018天水)It's about ________ from our school to my house.
A. 20 minutes' walk B. 20 minute's walk C. walk of 20 minutes D. 20 minutes' walks
( )2. (2018绥化)________ room is big and nice.
A. Kate's and Jane's B. Kate's and Jane C. Kate and Jane's
( )3. (2018新疆建设兵团)This is ________ bedroom. It's tidy and nice.
A. Lily's and Lucy's B. Lily and Lucy's C. Lily's and Lucy D. Lily and Lucy
( )4. (2018东营)—Are you sure this is a photo ________， the famous comedy actress?
—It surprised you, didn't it? But she was once really thin.
A. Jia Ling B. Jia Ling's C. of Jia Ling D. of Jia Ling's
( )5. (2018安顺)There'll be a ________ meeting next week, and my parents will ________ come for it.
A. parents'; all B. parents'; both C. parent's; all D. parent's; both
( )6. (2018河池)—There is an MP5 on the desk, whose is this?
—It can be my ________， she bought one yesterday.
sister B. sister's C. sisters' D. sisters
( )7. (2018武威)_____ mothers can't go to the parents' meeting because they are too busy.
A. Jack's and Paul B. Jack's and Paul's C. Jack and Paul's D. Jack and Paul
类型三 名词词义辨析
( )1. (2018天津)Every year many foreign friends come to see the ________ of Tianjin, such as Tianjin Eye and Haihe River.
A. concerts B. plays C. cartoons D. sights
( )2. (2018重庆A卷)—It's hot today. Have some ________， please.
—No, thanks. I'm not thirsty at all.
A. water B. potatoes C. bread D. cakes
( )3. (2018重庆B卷)It's cold today. Take your ________ with you when you go out.
A. knife B. coat C. brush D. key
( )4. (2018河北)Your________ is very helpful. I guess I'll take it.
A. secret B. advice C. promise D. purpose
( )5. (2018河南)—Are you going out with Jade tonight?
—That's my ________. Mind your own!
A. offer B. business C. question D. chance
( )6. (2018山西)During the next few days, I decide to have a good ________ by taking a walk or seeing a movie. I really need to relax.
A. meal B. sleep C. rest
( )7. (2018 安徽)Cathy has such a good____ that she won many prizes in singing competitions last year.
A. sleep B. idea C. voice D. time
( )8. (2018江西)Some old people need a ________ because they feel lonely.
A. gift B. stick C. pet D. watch
( )9. (2018福州)—Who is the person you admire the most?
—Qian Xuesen, the Father of China's Missiles. He is the ________ of China.
A. leader B. pride C. voice
( )10. (2018武汉)—Look, the boss is angry with Alex.
—Well, he came late again. But that's no ________ to shout at him.
A. problem B. lesson C. excuse D. reason
( )11. ( 2018大连)Cambridge is famous for its ________. Many famous people studied there.
A. university B. hospital C. bank D. museum
( )12. (2018大连)It might be cool in the evening. You'd better take a(n)________．
A. umbrella B. sweater C. wallet D. camera
( )13. (2018黄冈)—Could you take out the rubbish and do the dishes, Tony?
—Sure. Mom will be mad if she sees this________， I think.
A. matter B. mess C. trouble D. difficulty
( )14. (2018滨州)—Do you know about the scientist Tu Youyou?
—Yes, she won the 2015 Nobel Prize in medicine because of her great ________．
A. surprise B. achievement C. education D. satisfaction
( )15. (2018德州)Bill will be a /an ________ to interview the football players in the coming Rio 2018 Olympics.
A. guest B. reporter C. tourist D. engineer
( )16. (2018达州)—Why did Lucy look unhappy?
—Because she was so careless that she made many spelling ________ in her homework.
A. friends B. plans C. decisions D. mistakes
( )17. (2018温州)When an earthquake happens, I think the most important safety ________ is to keep calm.
A. rule B. doubt C. condition D. problem
( )18. (2018衡阳)—The last bus has left. What should we do?
—Let's take a taxi. We have no other ________ now.
A. choice B. reason C. habit
( )19. (2018自贡)—How can I get some ________ about the 2018 Olympic Games?
—Why not search the Internet?
A. information B. experience C. practice
( )20. (2018咸宁)—Tu Youyou received the Nobel Prize for her ________ of artemisinin(青蒿素)．
—And she was the first Chinese who won the prize in science.
A. design B. thought C. invention D. discovery
( )21. (2018襄阳)—Look! So many colorful bicycles in two lines over there.
—They're for public. This ________ of green smart traffic is everywhere in Xiangyang city.
A. number B. pair C. kind D. piece
( )22. (2018东营)—Why do people never cut up the ________ on their birthdays?
—Because they are a symbol of long life.
A. eggs B. cakes C. noodles D. dumplings
( )23. (2018淮安)Lily often helps her mother do some cooking in the ________．
A. kitchen B. garden C. bathroom D. bedroom
( )24. (2018泰州)—What ________ will you get after winning the competition in the programme Stay to the end(一站到底)?
—A free trip to Bali Island.
A. award B. attention C. advice D. ability
( )25. (2018吉林)The ________ pollution is becoming more and more serious. We haven't seen blue skies for several days.
A. noise B. water C. air
( )26. (2018徐州)My cousin works for an airline. He flies planes. He is ________．
A. an inventor B. a scientist C. an explorer D. a pilot
( )27. (2018抚顺)Your English is really good. What's your ________？
A. secret B. service C. spirit D. science
( )28. (2018厦门)—The milk shake tastes good. How do you make it?
—It's easy, just follow the ________．
A. discussions B. instructions C. resolutions
( )29. (2018甘肃通用卷)People usually touch something with their ________．
A. eyes B. noses C. mouths D. fingers
( )30. (2018泉州)—The water in the glass is sweet. Did you put any ________ in it?
—Yes. I added some to it just now.
A. sugar B. salt C. oil
( )31. (2018葫芦岛)—Which city do you prefer to visit, Hangzhou or Shanghai?
—I've no idea. It's hard to make the ________．
A. report B. project C. decision D. speech
( )32. (2018 阜新)—I hear you have to get up early every morning.
—Right. It's one of the ________ in my family.
A. rules B. orders C. reasons D. experience
( )33. (2018齐齐哈尔)The mobile phone sells for ￥5000, it is much more than its real________．
A. cost B. value C. price
( )34. (2018绵阳)He was born in Germany, but he has made China his ________．
A. family B. address C. house D. home
( )35. (2018东营)Great ________ for football lovers—more than 50，000 soccer schools will be built in our country by the end of 2025.
A. news B. message C. situation D. information
( )36. (2018朝阳)I think computers are very useful. They can help us get much ______ on the Internet.
A. game B. information C. exchange D. message
( )37. (2018青岛)Nancy took her temperature and found she had a ________．
A. cough B. toothache C. cold D. fever
( )38. (2018宿迁)When the man went through the forest alone, he lost his ________ and felt afraid.
A. task B. work C. way D. job
( )39. (2018盐城)Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your _______， you must keep moving.
A. promise B. position C. balance D. ability
( )40. (2018孝感)—Mom, I will eat less fast food this year, believe me.
—If you make a ________， you must keep it.
A. joke B. noise C. mistake D. promise
( )41. (2018西宁)A smart phone makes a big ________ to our life.
A. difference B. decision C. progress D. prediction
( )42. (2018随州)Peter didn't tell his parents that he was going home because he wanted to give them a ________．
A. note B. surprise C. call D. gift
( )43. (2018苏州)Steve Jobs was full of ________ — always coming up with new ideas which led to great changes in society.
A. instruction B. invitation C. introduction D. invention
( )44. (2018扬州)—Why not buy a second-hand flat first if you don't have enough money?
—That's a good ________．
A. saying B. question C. suggestion D. decision
( )45. (2018连云港)—It's useful for the deaf people to learn sign language.
—Yes, it's a major way of ________ for them.
A. suggestion B. vacation C. production D. communication
( )46. (2018鄂州)—Could you show me the method of cooking the tasty cookies?
—Please follow the ________ on the cookbook.
A. direction B. attention C. introduction D. instruction
类型四 名词作定语
( )1. (2018重庆A卷)It's sports time. Most________ students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground.
A. boy B. boys C. boy's D. boys'
( )2. (2018绥化)Our school has fifty-six ________ teachers.
A. woman B. women C. woman's
( )3. (2018贵港)—What would you like for breakfast?
—I'd like ________．
A. tomato noodle B. tomato noodles C. tomatoes noodle D. tomatoes noodles
( )4. (2018连云港)—Yan Jiashuo, a ________ girl, has won the prize of International Master of Memory.
—Wow, she's great, isn't she?
A. ten-year-old B. ten-years-old C. ten year old D. ten years old
( )5. (2018哈尔滨)Xi Jinping, our ________ president, paid a visit to Harbin last month. How encouraging!
63 years old B. 63 years' old C. 63-year-old
综合强化☆聚焦写作
(2018湘西)内容提示：你们的高中生活学习即将开始，新学期的第一天，班主任老师要求同学们自我介绍，以便互相认识。假如你是Steve Clark, 初中在育英中学学习，请写一篇自我介绍的英语作文。
写作要求：1. 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息；
2. 语句通顺，意思连贯；
3. 短文的开头已给出，但不计入总词数，字数不少于80词。
温馨提示：可以介绍自己的爱好、性格、理想等。
Hello, everyone! My name is Steve Clark. I'm from Yuying Middle School____________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
专题一 2019名词四大高频易考点
考点扫描☆名师点拨
名词是中考的常考点也是必考点，主要考查学生是否掌握名词复数的规则变化和不规则变化、可数名词和不可数名词的区分及不可数名词的运用，以及名词所有格的运用、名词词义的辨析等。
高频考点一：名词的单复数变化，主要涉及以下考点：
1. 可数名词复数的判断。
2. 可数名词与不可数名词的判断及变形。
3. 不可数名词的数量表达，用：基数词/冠词＋数量词＋of。
高频考点二 名词的所有格，主要涉及以下考点：
1. 有生命的名词及表时间、距离、国家等常用-'s。
2. 无生命的名词一般用：of＋名词。
3. 表两个人共同拥有，用“A and B's”。
4. 表两个人各自拥有，用“A's and B's”。
高频考点三：名词词义的辨析，主要涉及以下考点：
语境辨析。
2. 近义词辨析。
3. 固定搭配。熟记各类常见短语的含义及用法。
高频考点四：名词作定语，主要涉及以下考点：
1. 名词作定语，一般用单数。
2. man和woman作定语，其单复数与被修饰词的单复数保持一致。
3. 复合形容词作定语，结构为：数字＋(连字符即“-”)＋名词单数。
纵观近几年名词的中考考题，试题大多分布在词汇应用、单项选择以及书面表达中，我们只要掌握了试题特点，抓住试题考点，就能给出正确答案，所以在今后的复习中，我们必须紧扣高频考点，进行专项练习。
考点剖析☆聚焦高频
高频考点剖析一 名词的数
一、可数名词的复数
1.名词变复数的规则形式
1).一般情况下直接加s如：book------books ，cup-----cups
2).以辅音字母+y结尾的，先变y为i再加es 如：city-------cities ，family-----families
3).以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es如： bus-----buses ，wish------wishes ，watch------watches
4).以o结尾的多数加s初中阶段只有三个单词加es如：tomato-----tomatoes，potato------potatoes ， hero-----heroes
（我们可以用一句话记忆：英雄（hero）爱吃西红柿（tomato）和土豆（potato））
.以f或fe 结尾的，先把f、fe变成v再加es 如：leaf----leaves，self---selves，shelf----shelves，life----lives，thief---thieves .
（我们可以用一句话记忆：树叶（leaf）半数（half）自己（self）黄，妻子（wife）拿刀（knife）去杀牛（calf）；架（shelf）后窜出一只狼（wolf），就像小偷（thief）逃命（life）忙））
2.名词变复数的不规则形式
（1）man----men woman---women child----children foot-----feet tooth----teeth mouse---mice
（2）单复同形 如： deer---deer fish----fish sheep----sheep Chinese ----Chinese Japanese---Japanese
（我们可以用一句话记忆：中（Chinese）日（Japanese）警察（police）好友（people）来聚会，鹿（deep）、羊（sheep）、鱼（fish）、牛（cattle）齐齐把家回）
（3）与?man?和?woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是?-men?和-women. 如：Englishman----Englishmen Frenchman----Frenchmen
（我们可以用一句话记忆：男士(man)、女士(woman)a变e;鹅(goose)牙(tooth)脚(foot)双o双e;孩子们(child)想去天安门，原形后面r、e、n）
二、不可数名词的复数
不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。他们前面不能用a/an,没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特殊用法:
（1）同一个词,变成复数形式, 意义不同。eg. food 食物--- foods 各种食物time 时间 --- times 时代
（2）有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物eg. hope ---hopes 希望 hardship --- hardships 艰苦
（3）物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示 eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several bags of rice, …
高频考点剖析二： 名词的所有格
1. ’s所有格(主要表示有生命的人或物的名词)
（1）一般情况（包括单数名词和不带词尾s的复数名词）加’s如：the?child’s?bag?这个孩子的书包?children’s?books?儿童用书??
（2）带词尾s的复数名词只加省字撇(’)如：girls’?school?女子学校?the?smiths’?car?史密斯家的小汽车??带词尾s的单数，通常仍加’s，如the?boss’s?new?car
（3）带词尾s的人名，可加’s或只加省字撇(’)如：Dickens’?novels?狄更斯的小说?Charles’?job?查理斯的工作，不带词尾s，却以[s]结尾，一律加’s,如Marx’s?马克思的著作
（4）用and连接的的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加’s，表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加’s。
如：Tom’s?and?Jack’s?room?汤姆和杰克（各自）的房间。Tom?and?Jack’s?room?汤姆和杰克（共同）的房间。
【注意】表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词， 也可以用’s 所有格。如：
Today’s newspaper 今天的报纸 the world’s biggest problem 世界最大的问题
an hour’s walk/ride 走路/开车一小时的路程 eight days’ holiday = an eight-day holiday 八天的假期
2.“of ”所有格的构成。
（1）于无生命的东西。如：a map of the world一张世界地图 the CEO of the IBM IBM的首席执行官
（2）用于名词化的词。如：the livelihood of the poor穷人的生计
（3）修饰语较多时。如：the very long and graceful tail of the old black cat老黑猫又长又优雅的尾巴
（4）用于代词宾格之前。如：five of us.我们当中的五个
3. 双重所有格：表某整体的一部分，强调部分与整体的关系。
（1）a/an/数词/any/some/several/no/few/another/all/many + 名词+of + 名词’s。如：a friend of my father’s
（2）名词+ of + 名词性物主代词。如：a friend of mine
高频考点三 词义辨析
几组常考的名词词义辨析
1、sport、game、match、race 的区别：sport通常指“户外运动”，以锻炼为主，概念较大；game意思是“运动、比赛”，不管户内户外还是脑力体力，指以胜负为主的运动；match意为“竞赛、比赛”，多指正式比赛；race主要表示“赛跑、赛马、赛车”。如：People all around the world enjoy sports.（全世界的人都喜爱运动） / The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.（2008奥运会将在北京举行）（被动句） / Our school football team won the league match（联赛）。（我们学校足球队取得了联赛冠军） / They were strong and won the boat race.（汤他们很棒，赢得了划艇比赛）
2、festival、holiday、vacation的区别：festival“节日”，指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文娱活动；holiday（假日、休息日），指法定假日或风俗习惯，复数可以表示一个较长的假期；vacation“假期”，指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。如：The Shanghai Television Festival will be held next month.（上海电视节将在下个月举行） / Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.（星期天是个假日，多数人不工作） / What are you going to do during the summer vacation/holidays？（在暑期你打算做什么事情？）
3、journey、tour、trip、travel的区别：journey指在陆地上（或海上或空中）进行的长途旅行，不知终点，含有辛苦的意思；tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行，强调游览多处，常用来指观光等；trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行，如出差度假等；travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行，尤其指到国外，没有明确目的地，也作不可数名词，指旅行这一行为。如：He made up his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.（他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行）/ He has gone on a walking tour.（他步行观光去了） / He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar.（去年他去了上海好几次） / Did you go to Santiago（圣地亚哥） during your travels？（旅行期间你去圣地亚哥了吗？） / Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.（在密林里边穿行是很危险的）
4、sound、noise、voice的区别：sound指各种声音；noise主要指“噪音”；voice指人的“嗓音”。如：The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.（街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠） / All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.（突然间传来几声枪响和一声尖叫） / The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.（因为感冒的缘故，这个歌唱家失去了她银铃般的嗓音）
5、fish的问题：指许多条鱼且不管种类时，用fish，单复数相同；fishes 指许多种类的鱼；fish指“鱼肉”时是不可数名词。如：There are many kinds of fishes in the pool. （池子里有很多种类的鱼）I prefer fish to meat.（与肉相比我更喜欢鱼）
高频考点四：名词作定语
1. 名词作定语，一般用单数。
2. man和woman作定语，其单复数与被修饰词的单复数保持一致。
3. 复合形容词作定语，结构为：数字＋(连字符即“-”)＋名词单数。
考点过关☆专项突破
类型一 名词的数
( )1. (2018宜宾)Yibin is one of the most beautiful ________ in Sichuan.
A. city B. cities C. citys
【解析】考查名词单复数。句意：宜宾是四川最美丽的之一。“one of the ＋形容词最高级＋名词复数”，表示“最……之一”，city的复数是y变i加es。故选B。
【答案】B
( )2. (2018广安)—Have you heard of Lin Zexu and Zhan Tianyou?
—Of course. They are our national ________．
A. hero B. heros C. heroes D. hero's
【解析】考查名词单复数。句意“你听说过林则徐和詹天佑吗？”“当然，他们是我们的民族。”分析句意，they作主语，指代林则徐和詹天佑，因此hero用复数，正确形式为heroes，故选C。
【答案】C
( )3. (2018昆明)Each couple in China can have two ________ from January 1st, 2018.
A. boy B. girl C. children D. child
【解析】考查名词单复数。句意：在中国，从2018年1月1日起，每一对夫妇可以有两个。根据空前two可知用名词复数，选项中只有children是可数名词复数，故选C。
【答案】C
( )4. ( 2018广东)The broken ________ may cut into your hand if you touch it. You should be careful.
A. glass B. glasses C. candle D. candles
【解析】考查名词单复数。句意：如果你动它，这破碎的 可能刺进你的手。你应该小心。 glass玻璃； glasses眼镜；candle蜡烛；candles蜡烛，复数。根据句中的it可知表示单数，排除B、D；能划伤手的应该是“玻璃”，故选A。
【答案】A
( )5. (2018南宁)These ________ in beautiful dresses will have a party this evening.
A. man B. men C. woman D. women
【解析】考查名词词义与单复数。句意：这些穿着漂亮裙子的今晚要参加晚会。man男人；men是man的复数形式；woman女人；women是woman的复数形式。由“in beautiful dresses”可排除A和B；these修饰复数名词，故选D。
【答案】D
( )6. (2018怀化)—Mum, I'm hungry. May I have some________？
—Sure. But don't eat too much.
A. hamburgers B. milks C. cake
【解析】考查名词单复数。句意“妈妈，我饿了。我可以吃些吗？”“当然了。但是不要吃得太多。”hamburgers汉堡包，可数名词复数；milks，表达错误；cake蛋糕，不可数名词。由答语中的关键词“too much”可知用不可数名词。故选C。
【答案】C
( )7. (2018来宾)—There are many ________ about this farm.
—Yes, lots of ________ are planted on it.
A．photo; potato B．photos; potatos C．photos; potatoes D．photoes; potatoes
【解析】考查名词单复数。句意“这里有很多关于这个农场的照片。”“是的。这个农场上种了很多土豆。”根据many及lots of可知两空都用复数。正确书写形式分别是photos和potatoes，故选C。
【答案】C
( )8. (2018巴中)Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous ________ in American________．
A. symbol; culture B. symbols; cultures C. symbols; culture
【解析】考查名词单复数。句意：米老鼠在美国上是最有名的之一。“one of the＋形容词最高级＋复数名词”，表示“最……之一”，故第一空为复数symbols；且culture(文化)常用作不可数名词。故选C。
【答案】C
( )9. (2018天水)There are many websites on the Internet and there ________ a lot of useful ________ on the websites.
A. are; informations B. are; information C. is; information D. is; informations
【解析】考查名词单复数和主谓一致。句意：网站上有很多网页并且这里有很多有用的。information为不可数名词，故谓语动词应用单数is，故选C。
【答案】C
类型二 名词所有格
( )1. (2018天水)It's about ________ from our school to my house.
A. 20 minutes' walk B. 20 minute's walk C. walk of 20 minutes D. 20 minutes' walks
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：从我们学校到我家大约。在名词所有格当中，表示时间等无生命的名词所有格用's，如果是可数名词复数需用s'表示。该题中表示20分钟的路程，用20 minutes' walk。故选A。
【答案】A
( )2. (2018绥化)________ room is big and nice.
A. Kate's and Jane's B. Kate's and Jane C. Kate and Jane's
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：房间又大又漂亮。当and连接两个并列名词表示共有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加“'s”，表示单数意义；当and连接两个并列名词表示各自拥有物品时，两个名词词尾都加“'s”，表示复数意义。根据语境和is可知此处指的是二人共有的房间。故选C。
【答案】C
( )3. (2018新疆建设兵团)This is ________ bedroom. It's tidy and nice.
A. Lily's and Lucy's B. Lily and Lucy's C. Lily's and Lucy D. Lily and Lucy
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：这是房间，它又干净又漂亮。由This is和It's可知是两人共有的房间。故选B。
【答案】B
( )4. (2018东营)—Are you sure this is a photo ________， the famous comedy actress?
—It surprised you, didn't it? But she was once really thin.
A. Jia Ling B. Jia Ling's C. of Jia Ling D. of Jia Ling's
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意“你确信这是那个著名喜剧女演员贾玲的照片吗？”“这出乎你意料了，不是吗？但她曾经确实很瘦。”a photo of Jia Ling和a photo of Jia Ling's都表示“贾玲的照片”，但是前者表示“照片上的人是贾玲本人”，而后者表示“照片属于贾玲，但是照片上的人不一定是贾玲本人”。根据答语可知照片上的人是贾玲本人，故选C。
【答案】C
( )5. (2018安顺)There'll be a ________ meeting next week, and my parents will ________ come for it.
A. parents'; all B. parents'; both C. parent's; all D. parent's; both
【解析】考查名词所有格与普通不定代词辨析。句意：下周有一场家长会，我父母都会来。家长会用复数名词所有格，parents的所有格为parents'；根据parents可知不定代词用both，故选B。
【答案】B
( )6. (2018河池)—There is an MP5 on the desk, whose is this?
—It can be my ________， she bought one yesterday.
sister B. sister's C. sisters' D. sisters
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意“桌上有个MP5，这是谁的？”“它可能是我。她昨天买了一个。”此处表示我妹妹的(MP5)，属于名词所有格，sister的所有格直接加“'s”，故选B。
【答案】B
( )7. (2018武威)_____ mothers can't go to the parents' meeting because they are too busy.
A. Jack's and Paul B. Jack's and Paul's C. Jack and Paul's D. Jack and Paul
【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：妈妈们不能去参加家长会，因为她们太忙了。A项表达有误；B项表达各自拥有的；C项表达共有的；D项不是所有格。根据空后的“mothers”以及句中的“they are...”可知表达各自的妈妈，故选B。
【答案】B
类型三 名词词义辨析
( )1. (2018天津)Every year many foreign friends come to see the ________ of Tianjin, such as Tianjin Eye and Haihe River.
A. concerts B. plays C. cartoons D. sights
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每年许多外国朋友来看天津的，如天津眼和海河。concerts音乐会；plays戏剧；cartoons动画片，漫画；sights风景。根据空格后面的“天津眼和海河”可知此处指风景，故选D。
【答案】D
( )2. (2018重庆A卷)—It's hot today. Have some ________， please.
—No, thanks. I'm not thirsty at all.
A. water B. potatoes C. bread D. cakes
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“今天真热。请喝些。”“不，谢谢。我一点也不渴。”water 水；potatoes 土豆；bread 面包；cakes 蛋糕。根据句中的关键词thirsty可知答案，故选A。
【答案】A
( )3. (2018重庆B卷)It's cold today. Take your ________ with you when you go out.
A. knife B. coat C. brush D. key
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天很冷。当你外出时带上你的。knife刀；coat外套；brush刷子；key钥匙。根据前一句语境可知此处指的是带上衣服，故选B。
【答案】B
( )4. (2018河北)Your________ is very helpful. I guess I'll take it.
A. secret B. advice C. promise D. purpose
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的非常有用。我想我会采纳的。secret秘密；advice建议；promise许诺，允诺；purpose目的。分析句意并结合四个选项可知，此处指你的建议非常有用，故选B。
【答案】B
( )5. (2018河南)—Are you going out with Jade tonight?
—That's my ________. Mind your own!
A. offer B. business C. question D. chance
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“今天晚上你要和杰德一起出去吗？”“那是我的。管好你自己的事吧！”offer提供，给予；business生意，事情；question问题；chance机会。根据句意和语境可知此处应是表示：那是我的事。故选B。
【答案】B
( )6. (2018山西)During the next few days, I decide to have a good ________ by taking a walk or seeing a movie. I really need to relax.
A. meal B. sleep C. rest
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几天里，我决定通过散步或者看电影好好地。我真的需要放松。meal饭；sleep睡眠；rest休息。根据I really need to relax.可知用rest；have a good rest意为“好好休息”。故选C。
【答案】C
( )7. (2018 安徽)Cathy has such a good________ that she won many prizes in singing competitions last year.
A. sleep B. idea C. voice D. time
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：凯茜有如此好的以至于她去年在唱歌比赛中赢得了许多奖项。sleep睡眠；idea主意；voice嗓音；time时间。根据空后句意“在唱歌比赛中赢得了许多奖项”可推知她肯定有一副好嗓音。故选C。
【答案】C
( )8. (2018江西)Some old people need a ________ because they feel lonely.
A. gift B. stick C. pet D. watch
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些老人需要一个因为他们感觉孤单。gift礼物；stick木棍，棍子；pet宠物；watch手表。感觉孤独，因此需要宠物陪伴，故选C。
【答案】C
( )9. (2018福州)—Who is the person you admire the most?
—Qian Xuesen, the Father of China's Missiles. He is the ________ of China.
A. leader B. pride C. voice
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“你最钦佩的人是谁？”“中国导弹之父钱学森。他是中国的。” leader领导；pride骄傲；voice声音。根据句意可知B项正确。
【答案】B
( )10. (2018武汉)—Look, the boss is angry with Alex.
—Well, he came late again. But that's no ________ to shout at him.
A. problem B. lesson C. excuse D. reason
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“看，老板在生亚历克斯的气。”“嗯，他又迟到了。但是那不是朝他大喊的。”problem问题；lesson课；excuse借口；reason原因。 根据答语的意思可知老板朝他大喊的原因不是因为他迟到了，故选D。
【答案】D
( )11. ( 2018大连)Cambridge is famous for its ________. Many famous people studied there.
A. university B. hospital C. bank D. museum
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：剑桥以它的而闻名。许多名人在那儿学习过。university大学；hospital医院；bank银行；museum博物馆。根据关键词studied及常识可知选A。
【答案】A
( )12. (2018大连)It might be cool in the evening. You'd better take a(n)________．
A. umbrella B. sweater C. wallet D. camera
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：晚上可能会冷。你最好带一件。umbrella雨伞；sweater毛衣；wallet钱包；camera相机。根据前一句描述可知此处建议带一件保暖的衣服，故选B。
【答案】B
( )13. (2018黄冈)—Could you take out the rubbish and do the dishes, Tony?
—Sure. Mom will be mad if she sees this________， I think.
A. matter B. mess C. trouble D. difficulty
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“托尼，你可以倒垃圾和洗盘子吗？”“当然可以。我认为如果妈妈看到这么，她会生气的。”matter物质，事件；mess杂乱；trouble问题，麻烦；difficulty困难。根据上句中“倒垃圾和洗盘子”及后一句中“妈妈会生气”可知此处指很杂乱。故选B。
【答案】B
( )14. (2018滨州)—Do you know about the scientist Tu Youyou?
—Yes, she won the 2015 Nobel Prize in medicine because of her great ________．
A. surprise B. achievement C. education D. satisfaction
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“你知道科学家屠呦呦吗？”“知道，她因为伟大的获得了‘2015年诺贝尔医学奖’。”surprise惊奇，惊讶；achievement成就；education教育；satisfaction满意。根据句意可知是伟大的成就，故选B。
【答案】B
( )15. (2018德州)Bill will be a /an ________ to interview the football players in the coming Rio 2018 Olympics.
A. guest B. reporter C. tourist D. engineer
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：比尔将作为一名采访即将到来的2018里约奥运会中足球运动员们。guest客人；reporter记者；tourist游客；engineer工程师。根据“interview ”可知是记者。故选B。
【答案】B
( )16. (2018达州)—Why did Lucy look unhappy?
—Because she was so careless that she made many spelling ________ in her homework.
A. friends B. plans C. decisions D. mistakes
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“为什么露西看起来不高兴？”“因为她是如此粗心以至于她在作业中犯了很多拼写。”friends朋友；plans计划；decisions决定；mistakes错误。根据“so careless”可知表示犯错，故选D。
【答案】D
( )17. (2018温州)When an earthquake happens, I think the most important safety ________ is to keep calm.
A. rule B. doubt C. condition D. problem
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当地震发生的时候，我认为最重要的安全是保持冷静。rule规则；doubt疑惑；condition条件；problem问题。根据句意可知选A。
【答案】A
( )18. (2018衡阳)—The last bus has left. What should we do?
—Let's take a taxi. We have no other ________ now.
A. choice B. reason C. habit
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“最后一班公交车已经走了。我们该怎么办？”“让我们坐出租车吧。我们现在没有其他的。”choice选择；reason理由；habit习惯。此处指没有其他的选择。故选A。
【答案】A
( )19. (2018自贡)—How can I get some ________ about the 2018 Olympic Games?
—Why not search the Internet?
A. information B. experience C. practice
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“我怎么才能得到一些关于2018年奥林匹克运动会的 。”“为什么不上网搜索一下？”information信息；experience经验，经历；practice练习。此处指得到一些关于奥林匹克运动会的信息，故选A。
【答案】A
( )20. (2018咸宁)—Tu Youyou received the Nobel Prize for her ________ of artemisinin(青蒿素)．
—And she was the first Chinese who won the prize in science.
A. design B. thought C. invention D. discovery
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“屠呦呦因为青蒿素获得了诺贝尔奖。”“并且她是中国第一位在科学领域获得诺贝尔奖的人。”design设计；thought思想；invention发明；discovery发现。青蒿素是本来就存在的东西，因此屠呦呦是发现了青蒿素。故选D。
【答案】D
( )21. (2018襄阳)—Look! So many colorful bicycles in two lines over there.
—They're for public. This ________ of green smart traffic is everywhere in Xiangyang city.
A. number B. pair C. kind D. piece
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“看！那边有那么多彩色自行车排成两排。”“它们是公用的。这绿色智能交通工具在襄阳市随处可见。”number数字，号码；pair双；kind种类；piece条，块。分析语境可知此处指这种交通工具，故选C。
【答案】C
( )22. (2018东营)—Why do people never cut up the ________ on their birthdays?
—Because they are a symbol of long life.
A. eggs B. cakes C. noodles D. dumplings
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“在过生日时，人们为什么从来不把 切断？”“因为它们是长寿的象征。”eggs鸡蛋；cakes蛋糕；noodles面条；dumplings水饺。根据常识可知，过生日吃面条意味着长寿。故选C。
【答案】C
( )23. (2018淮安)Lily often helps her mother do some cooking in the ________．
A. kitchen B. garden C. bathroom D. bedroom
【解析】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：莉莉经常在帮助她的妈妈做饭。kitchen厨房；garden花园；bathroom洗手间；bedroom卧室。根据句中“do some cooking”可知，是在厨房做饭。故选A。
【答案】A
( )24. (2018泰州)—What ________ will you get after winning the competition in the programme Stay to the end(一站到底)?
—A free trip to Bali Island.
A. award B. attention C. advice D. ability
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“在《一站到底》的比赛中获胜之后，你将获得什么？”“一次到巴厘岛的免费旅行。”award奖励；attention注意；advice建议；ability能力。根据句意可知，此处表示“获奖”。故选A。
【答案】A
( )25. (2018吉林)The ________ pollution is becoming more and more serious. We haven't seen blue skies for several days.
A. noise B. water C. air
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：污染变得越来越严重。我们已经好几天没看见蓝天了。noise声音，噪音；water水；air空气。根据后一句“看不见蓝天”可知，本题应该是说“空气污染”。故选C。
【答案】C
( )26. (2018徐州)My cousin works for an airline. He flies planes. He is ________．
A. an inventor B. a scientist C. an explorer D. a pilot
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的堂(表)哥(弟)在一家航空公司工作。他开飞机。(所以)他是。an inventor 一位发明家；a scientist一位科学家；an explorer一位探险家；a pilot一位飞行员。根据前句的“flies planes”可知，只有选项D符合。故选D。
【答案】D
( )27. (2018抚顺)Your English is really good. What's your ________？
A. secret B. service C. spirit D. science
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的英语真的很好。你的是什么？secret秘密，秘诀；service接待，服务；spirit精神，勇气，意志；science科学。根据常识可知，称赞完他人学得好，接着应该是询问“秘诀”。故选A。
【答案】A
( )28. (2018厦门)—The milk shake tastes good. How do you make it?
—It's easy, just follow the ________．
A. discussions B. instructions C. resolutions
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“这个奶昔尝起来不错。你怎么做的？”“很简单，就只是按照。”discussions讨论；instructions说明书；resolutions决心，决定。follow the instructions“按照说明书”，故选B。
【答案】B
( )29. (2018甘肃通用卷)People usually touch something with their ________．
A. eyes B. noses C. mouths D. fingers
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们通常用他们的触摸东西。eyes眼睛；noses鼻子；mouths嘴巴；fingers手指。发出“touch”这个动作，只能是“手指”。故选D。
【答案】D
( )30. (2018泉州)—The water in the glass is sweet. Did you put any ________ in it?
—Yes. I added some to it just now.
A. sugar B. salt C. oil
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“杯子里的水是甜的。你给里面放了吗？”“是的。我刚才在里面放了一些。”sugar糖；salt盐；oil油。由常识可知，“水甜”肯定是放了“糖”。故选A。
【答案】A
( )31. (2018葫芦岛)—Which city do you prefer to visit, Hangzhou or Shanghai?
—I've no idea. It's hard to make the ________．
A. report B. project C. decision D. speech
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“你更喜欢游览哪个城市，杭州还是上海？”“我不知道。那很难做。”report报告；project项目，工程；decision决定；speech演讲。上句是选择疑问句，故此处是做决定。make the decision“做决定”，是固定短语。故选C。
【答案】C
( )32. (2018 阜新)—I hear you have to get up early every morning.
—Right. It's one of the ________ in my family.
A. rules B. orders
C. reasons D. experience
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“我听说你每天早上都不得不早起。”“是的。那是我们家的之一。”rules规则，规矩；orders命令，指示；reasons原因；experience经验，经历。结合常识可知，“早起”作为一个家庭的“规矩”最符合。故选A。
【答案】A
( )33. (2018齐齐哈尔)The mobile phone sells for ￥5000, it is much more than its real________．
A. cost B. value C. price
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这部手机卖5000元，这比它实际的贵得多。cost花费；value价值；price价格，表示价格高用high修饰，价值大用much修饰。故选B。
【答案】B
( )34. (2018绵阳)He was born in Germany, but he has made China his ________．
A. family B. address C. house D. home
【解析】考查近义名词辨析。句意：他出生在德国，但是他把中国当作他的。family家庭，家人，多指家庭成员；address地址；house房子，住宅，多指建筑物；home家，居住的地方，有感彩，有团聚、思念之含义。此处指情感意义上的家，富有感彩。故选D。
【答案】D
( )35. (2018东营)Great ________ for football lovers—more than 50，000 soccer schools will be built in our country by the end of 2025.
A. news B. message C. situation D. information
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：足球爱好者的好——到2025年末，我国将会建造超过50000个足球学校。news新闻，侧重“新”字；message消息，一般指口头或书面的消息；situation情况，状态；information信息，通常指在阅读、观察、谈话或书信往来中特别关注的消息、情报、资料等。根据语境可知，本题侧重于新闻性，故选A。
【答案】A
( )36. (2018朝阳)I think computers are very useful. They can help us get much ________ on the Internet.
A. game B. information C. exchange D. message
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为电脑非常有用。它们可以帮助我们从网上获得很多。game游戏；information消息，信息(不可数名词)；exchange交换；message信息；消息(可数名词)。根据句意可知，此处填“信息”；且由句前修饰词much(修饰不可数名词)可知information符合。故选B。
【答案】B
( )37. (2018青岛)Nancy took her temperature and found she had a ________．
A. cough B. toothache C. cold D. fever
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：南希量了她的体温，发现她 。cough咳嗽；toothache牙疼；cold寒冷，感冒；fever发烧，发热。根据“took her temperature”可知她发烧了，故选D。
【答案】D
( )38. (2018宿迁)When the man went through the forest alone, he lost his ________ and felt afraid.
A. task B. work C. way D. job
【解析】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当那个人独自穿越雨林时，他迷失并感到害怕。task任务；work工作；way道路；job工作。根据前一分句“穿越雨林”和后面“感到害怕”推知，他迷路了；lose one's way意为“迷路”。故选C。
【答案】C
( )39. (2018盐城)Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your _______， you must keep moving.
A. promise B. position C. balance D. ability
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活就像骑自行车。要保持你的，你必须不断前行。promise诺言；position位置，地位；balance平衡；ability能力。此处指“为保持平衡，必须往前移动”。故选C。
【答案】C
( )40. (2018孝感)—Mom, I will eat less fast food this year, believe me.
—If you make a ________， you must keep it.
A. joke B. noise C. mistake D. promise
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“妈妈，今年我要少吃快餐，相信我。”“如果你做出，你必须遵守。”joke笑话；noise噪音；mistake错误；promise诺言。根据语境可知妈妈说的是做出了承诺就要遵守它。故选D。
【答案】D
( )41. (2018西宁)A smart phone makes a big ________ to our life.
A. difference B. decision C. progress D. prediction
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一部智能手机对我们的生活会产生很大的。difference差别，不同；decision决定；progress进步；prediction预测。根据句意可知智能手机对人们的生活产生很大的影响，make a difference“有影响；起作用”。故选A。
【答案】A
( )42. (2018随州)Peter didn't tell his parents that he was going home because he wanted to give them a ________．
A. note B. surprise C. call D. gift
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：彼得没有告诉父母他将要回家，因为他想给他们一个。note便条；surprise惊喜；call电话；gift礼物。give sb. a surprise“给某人一个惊喜”，故选B。
【答案】B
( )43. (2018苏州)Steve Jobs was full of ________ — always coming up with new ideas which led to great changes in society.
A. instruction B. invitation C. introduction D. invention
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：史蒂夫·乔布斯充满——他总是想出能引导社会巨大变革的新点子。instruction指南；invitation邀请；introduction介绍；invention发明。根据破折号后的解释，表明乔布斯很有创意，因此他有很多的发明。故选D。
【答案】D
( )44. (2018扬州)—Why not buy a second-hand flat first if you don't have enough money?
—That's a good ________．
A. saying B. question C. suggestion D. decision
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“如果你没有足够的钱，为什么不先买一套二手公寓呢？”“这是一个好。”saying话，格言，谚语；question问题，疑问；suggestion建议，提议；decision决定，决心，决议。上句是一个建议，后者是赞同建议。故选C。
【答案】C
( )45. (2018连云港)—It's useful for the deaf people to learn sign language.
—Yes, it's a major way of ________ for them.
A. suggestion B. vacation C. production D. communication
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“对于聋哑人来说学习手语是很有用的。”“是的，对于他们来说这是一种主要的方式。”suggestion 建议；vacation 假期；production 产量；communication 交流。此处指盲人用手语进行交流。故选D。
【答案】D
( )46. (2018鄂州)—Could you show me the method of cooking the tasty cookies?
—Please follow the ________ on the cookbook.
A. direction B. attention C. introduction D. instruction
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意“你可以向我展示制作这种可口饼干的方法吗？”“请按照食谱上的。”direction方向；attention注意；introduction介绍；instruction说明。follow the instruction“按照说明”，为固定用法。故选D。
【答案】D
类型四 名词作定语
( )1. (2018重庆A卷)It's sports time. Most________ students in Class 1 are playing football on the playground.
A. boy B. boys C. boy's D. boys'
【解析】考查名词作定语。句意：现在是运动时间。一班的大多数男生正在操场上踢足球。一般情况下，合成名词的复数形式，只需将其主体词变为复数形式。故选A。
【答案】A
( )2. (2018绥化)Our school has fifty-six ________ teachers.
A. woman B. women C. woman's
【解析】考查名词作定语。句意：我们学校里有56名女老师。用woman/man作定语修饰名词，当该名词变为复数时，前后两个名词都需要变成复数形式，因此选B。
【答案】B
( )3. (2018贵港)—What would you like for breakfast?
—I'd like ________．
A. tomato noodle B. tomato noodles C. tomatoes noodle D. tomatoes noodles
【解析】考查名词作定语。句意“你早餐想吃什么？”“我想吃西红柿面条。”西红柿面条，只需将“面条”变为复数形式，“西红柿”作定语，用原形，故选B。
【答案】B
( )4. (2018连云港)—Yan Jiashuo, a ________ girl, has won the prize of International Master of Memory.
—Wow, she's great, isn't she?
A. ten-year-old B. ten-years-old C. ten year old D. ten years old
【解析】考查复合形容词作定语。句意“闫家硕，一个10岁的女孩，获得了‘国际记忆大师’称号。”“哇，她太棒了，不是吗？”“数词＋单数名词＋形容词”构成的复合形容词，词与词之间要加连字符，且其中的名词一定要使用单数形式。故选A。
【答案】A
( )5. (2018哈尔滨)Xi Jinping, our ________ president, paid a visit to Harbin last month. How encouraging!
63 years old B. 63 years' old C. 63-year-old
【解析】考查复合形容词作定语。句意：我们63岁的习近平主席，上个月访问了哈尔滨。多令人鼓舞啊！由句意可知此处修饰名词president，应该用复合形容词。故选C。
【答案】C
综合强化☆聚焦写作
(2018湘西)内容提示：你们的高中生活学习即将开始，新学期的第一天，班主任老师要求同学们自我介绍，以便互相认识。假如你是Steve Clark, 初中在育英中学学习，请写一篇自我介绍的英语作文。
写作要求：1. 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息；
2. 语句通顺，意思连贯；
3. 短文的开头已给出，但不计入总词数，字数不少于80词。
温馨提示：可以介绍自己的爱好、性格、理想等。
Hello, everyone! My name is Steve Clark. I'm from Yuying Middle School____________________________
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【精讲点拨】 【审题指导】1.本文要求写一篇说明文，介绍自己。正文提示可以从爱好、性格、理想等方面写。具体要求不限，学生可以有话可说。注意写作时，可以使用定语从句；2.写作时，使用第一人称；时态用一般现在时。
【写作指导】
自我介绍
要点提示
素材串联
爱好
听音乐、阅读，尤其喜欢流行音乐(like...best)
性格
友好的、乐于助人、交友(be ready to help others；make friends with)
理想及愿望
记者(That's why...)和同学们如何相处希望尽快熟悉(be familiar with)希望在未来三年成为亲密的朋友(close friends)
【习作实况】
Hello, everyone! My name is Steve Clark. I'm from Yuying Middle School.
My hobbies are listening to music and reading. I like pop music best. In my spare time, I usually go to the library or listen to music to relax myself. I'm a friendly boy who is always ready to help others. I also like to make friends with others and share different stories with them. That's why I want to be a reporter in the future.
I hope we can be familiar with each other very soon and become close friends in the following years.
