第四十讲 名人介绍 家乡介绍 写作方法 写作要点与范例
(解析版)
黑龙江哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
在高考英语试卷中，写作不仅是必不可少的考试项目，也是整个英语试卷中最重要的项目之一。阅卷教师通过对考生写作部分的阅卷，可以看出考生对英语语言实际应用的水平。考生对写作内容的把握直接影响着写作部分的质量，而且写作部分也是最能反应考生英语水平的重要环节，对最终英语试卷得分的高低起着举足轻重的作用。高考英语作文一般满分为25分（150字左右），占总分数的16%，如果作文分数能达到20分以上，就可以轻松将许多考生甩在后面。批卷时，阅卷老师阅读速度很快，每篇作文大概以平均一分钟左右的速度审核，老师首先会大致读一下作文内容，并在心里给出作文得分的等级。通常，一等分数为21--25分；二等分数为16分--20分；三等分数为11--15分；四等分数在6—10分；最低档分数在6分以下。首先试卷的卷面干净整洁是获取较高的分数的基础，写作部分没有涂抹或修改，没有明显的错误拼写，字迹秀丽工整，用词用句注意短语、谚语等的使用；这些都可以给评卷教师一个良好的印象。因此，教师在辅导学生进行写作练习的时候，要提醒学生注意这些问题。并且辅导学生进行写作技巧的训练，对学生进行写作要点的点拨，指导学生注意运用写作技巧，注意审题立意，确定写作主题；注意拟提纲，定骨架；安排好层次段落；做好段落铺垫的过渡；处理好开头与结尾。同时，还要注意引导学生通过熟练掌握一些常用的短语、习语、谚语等进行书面表达。
I. 写作技巧概述（The Summary of Writing Skill）
在进行写作训练时，要注意提醒学生整篇作文留给评卷教师的第一印象很重要。首先，要保证卷面清爽，减少修改；一般卷面整洁的英语作文分数一般都不会很低，阅卷老师都喜欢阅读字迹工整的文章。卷面让人看上去舒服，尽量减少修改；如果再字体优美，得分就会更占优势。其次，要杜绝错误拼写，尤其是简单的词汇；如有记得不准确的单词应尽量替换为熟悉的单词，否则会影响整体作文分数的等级。再者，要善用实词，替换常用词。在撰写英语作文时，要尽可能多用实词，少用虚词。比如在形容一个人很好的时候，不要总用very nice；very good这类过与简单词汇；应尽量多使用一些有分量的词汇。比如：generous，humorous，interesting，smart，gentle，warm-hearted之类的形容词。作文不能获得高分的一个很重要的原因就是使用重复、简单的词汇。所以，尽量要用不一样的词汇来表达，以便能使作文增加新鲜感，获得高等级的分数。
1. 审题立意准确，确定文章主题
对命题作文必须认真审题，对自由作文必须立好意。文章要有明确的主题，注意用词准确、主题鲜明、内容深刻、叙事集中。对人物的介绍注意人称、时态的使用，一般对逝去的名人用过去时态；对健在的名人根据所叙述的情况确定时态；注意情态动词的恰当运用可以使预期自然、表达准确。对家乡的介绍一般用现在时态，注意对家乡特色的描写。比如：人文景色、特色饮食、特色建筑、特殊节日（如：哈尔滨的冰雪节、欧式建筑、中央大街、大列巴、力道斯……）
2. 拟提纲，定骨架
英语作文审好题，立好意后，就要列提纲，确定文章的骨架。
1）安排好层次段落
2）做好段落铺垫的过渡
3）处理好开头和结尾
如果作文中有提示句，还要从提示句的关键词出发，围绕关键词展幵思路，发挥联想，记录下联想到的内容，记录的方式可以是句子，也可以用单词或词组，可以用英语也可以用汉语。以The Person I Admire Most为例，提纲可以这样写：
1）Who is the person that I admire most
2）My reasons
3）What can I learn from the person
注意结构美，行文条理清晰，避免一段到底，根据写作提示内容与要点，采用三段的段落模式较佳（根据情况也可以采用两段的段落模式）。
3. 写出主题句，理清文章脉络
一篇短文的段落一般分为引导部分、主体部分和结尾部分。每段的主题句非常重要，是作者思维的起点，切题的准绳，阐述的对象。看到段落主题句，读者大致可以了解段落要阐述的内容。段落主题句通常是一个语法结构完整、内容概括、用词简洁明了的简单句。通常将段落主题句罝于段落的开头，可以使文章结构更清晰，更有说服力。
4. 参照提纲，扣主题句，充实内容
有了段落主题句后，还需要顺着段落主题句的方向，参照提纲中的思路，完成各个段落。引导段部分要引起读者的注意和兴趣，特别是要能引起阅卷教师的共鸣，为主题段铺路架桥；主题段要围绕文章和该段的主题来展开。
5. 学会使用过渡词
1）递进：further more；moreover；besides；in addition；then等
2）转折：however；but；nevertheless；after all等
3）总结：finally；at last；in brief；to conclude等
4）强调：really；indeed；certainly；surely；above all等
5）对比：in the same way；just as；on the other hand等
6. 学会正确使用高级词汇
在教师阅卷时，最忌讳的就是大众化的词汇和平庸的表达，考生要想得高分，就得多用高级词汇，注意遣词造句。考生平时需要背诵一些固定词组、习语、谚语以及相对高级一些的词语，有助于考场上能得心应手，手到擒来。避免重复使用同一单词或词组。注意运用固定词组、习语、谚语等替代一些词来表达，以便能增加文采，提高被评分的等级。可采用以下三项原则：
1）弃旧取新：
阅卷老师一般都喜欢见到学生用新学习的词汇进行书面表达，因为学生乐于使用学得比较晚的单词能体现出学生学以致用的意识。例如，表示：美丽的形容词，通常同学们首先想到的基本上是初中的词汇beautiful，而采用高中新学习的词汇appealing，attractive，charming和fascinating等来替换beautiful，就可以为书面表达提高分数。
2）短语优先
高考书面表达中，多使用词组和习语替代一些单词可以起到增加文采的作用。例如：first可用to begin / start with 替换；besides可以用in addition和what is more替换；consider可以用take sth. into consideration/account替换；remember可以用 keep in mind替换。
3）避免重复
考生要想写出一篇好的英语作文，就要尽量避免重复、避免多次使用同一个简单的单词（如：反复使用should）。考生应该充分发散思维，灵活地运用短语be supposed to或had better等进行替换。
II. 记住并使用高中阶段学习的词汇
1. 需要背诵的部分常用的高级词汇的替代词
1）devote替换spend
He spends all his spare time in reading. →
He devotes all his spare time to reading.
他把所有的业余时间都用来读书。
2）average替换ordinary
I’m an ordinary student. →
I’m an average student.
我是个普通的学生。
3）but替换very
The film we saw last night was very interesting. →
The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.
我们昨晚看的那部电影非常有趣。
4）seat 替换sit
On his way to school, he found an old lady sitting by the road, looking worried. →
On his way to school, he found an old lady seated by the road, looking worried.
在上学的路上，他发现一位老奶奶坐在路边，看上去很担心
5）suppose 替换should
He should have driven more slowly. →
He is supposed to have driven more slowly.
他应该开得慢一些。
6）appreciate替换thank
Thank you very much for your help. →
We appreciate your help very much.
非常感谢你的帮助。
7）the case替换true
I don’t think it is true. →
I don’t think it is the case.
我认为这不是真的。
8）on替换as soon as
As soon as he arrived, he began his research. →
On his arrival, he began his research.
他一到那，就开始研究了。
9）due to替换because of
He arrived late because of the storm. →
He arrived late due to the storm.
由于暴风雨，他迟到了。
10）cover替换walk/read
After walking 10 miles, we all felt tired. →
After covering 10 miles, we all felt tired.
走了10英里后，我们都觉得累了。
11）contribute to替换 be helpful/useful
Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. →
Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.
大量的记忆工作无疑将有助于英语学习。
12）round the corner替换coming soon/ nearby
The summer vacation is coming soon. Do you have any plans? →
The summer vacation is round the corner. Do you have any plans?
暑假快到了。你有什么计划吗？
Li Ming studies in a school nearby. →
Li Ming studies in a school round the corner.
李明在附近的一所学校学习。
13）come to light替换discover
The family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels. →
The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.
当丢失的珠宝出现时，全家人都非常高兴。
14）have a ball替换have a good time/ enjoy oneself
After visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a good time. →
After visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a ball.
我们参观完车间后回到了学校。大家都很愉快。
15）come up with替换think of
Jack is very clever. He often thinks of new ideas. →
Jack is very clever. He often comes up with new ideas.
杰克很聪明。他经常想出新主意。
16）set aside替换save
Some students think that they should save some of their pocket money for books. →
Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books.
某些学生认为他们应该把一些零用钱存起来买书。
17）be of + n. 替换adj.
The products are very good and are sold everywhere in China. →
The products are of high quality and are sold everywhere in China.
这些产品质量非常好，销往全国各地。
18）refer to替换talk about/of，mention
The professor you talked about is very famous. →
The professor you referred to is very famous.
你提到的那位教授很有名。
19）lest替换so that /in order that
I wrote down his telephone number so that I would not forget it. →
I wrote down his telephone number lest I forget it.
我把他的电话号码记下来以免忘记。
20）be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替换be interested in
He is interested in collecting stamps. →
He is caught up in collecting stamps.
他对集邮很感兴趣。
21）more than替换very
I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September. →
I’m more than glad to learn that you are coming in September.
得知你九月来，我非常高兴。
22）perfect(ly) 替换good/ very well
He speaks good English./ He speaks English very well. →
He speaks perfect English./ He speaks English perfectly.
他英语说得很好。
23）do sb. a favor替换help
Would you please help me to turn down the radio? →
Would you please do me a favor to turn down the radio?
你能帮我把收音机关小一点吗？
24）in the course of替换during
During the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety. →
In the course of the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.
在爬山过程中，请互相帮助，特别注意您的安全。
25）the majority of替换most
Most of the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema. →
The majority of the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema.
大多数受访者宁愿在家看电视也不愿去看电影。
26）consist of替换be made up of
Our class is made up of 50 students. →
Our class consists of 50 students.
我们班由50名学生组成。
27）be worn out替换 be tired / broken
After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all tired. →
After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all worn out.
连续工作了五个小时，我们都筋疲力尽了。
My shoes are broken. Please buy me a new pair. →
My shoes are worn out. Please buy me a new pair.
我的鞋坏了，请给我买一双新的。
28）attend to替换look after
I have to look after my business.→
I have to attend to my business.
我需要照料我的生意。
29）on condition that替换as long as
As long as we are united, there is no difficulty we cannot overcome.→
On condition that we are united, there is no difficulty we cannot overcome.
只要我们团结一致，就没有克服不了的困难。
30）nevertheless替换however
However hard she tried, nothing seemed to work
Nevertheless hard she tried, nothing seemed to work
尽管她努力了，但似乎也没什么用。
2. 背诵并使用常用的高级句型结构
1）It句型
① It will be + some time + before…
It won’t be long before humans visit the Mars.
人类不久就会造访火星。
② It is + adj./ n.+ for sb to do sth.
It is very important for us to learn computer well, because it has changed our life so much.
学好计算机对我们很重要，因为它已经改变了我们的生活。
③ It is + 被强调部分 + that…
It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot.
杨利伟所做的给我们很大的鼓励。
Those who like reading extensively say it is through reading that we get our knowledge.
喜欢广泛阅读的人说，我们是通过阅读获得知识的。
2）more …than any other 表示最高级
Indian produces more films than any other country in the world.
印度的电影产量超过世界上其他任何国家。
3）名词从句
It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk.
听录音，了解谈话内容对我来说意义重大。
My hometown is no longer what it used to be.
我的家乡不再像以前那样了。
4）（非限制性）定语从句的应用
The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. →
改为：The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.
这套公寓在芳草街的一栋楼里，离建欣汉语学校不远。
It was quite an experience for us both. I’ll never forget it for the rest of my life. →
改为：It was quite an experience for us both, which I’ll never forget for the rest of my life.
这对我们两个人来说都是一次很好的经历，我永远也不会忘记的。
5）分词结构
I don’t know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well.
我不了解其他人，但我以前甚至周末都要学习，永无休止的做作业、没完没了地上课。
We’ll mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people.
我们晚上主要是呆在家里看电视，玩游戏，会见朋友。
Hearing this, a few people began to run after him.
听到这个，有几个人开始追赶他。
Born in America, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor.
托马斯·爱迪生出生于美国，是一位伟大的科学家和发明家。
6）with结构
A terrible accident happened yesterday, with two people killed and more than ten injured.
昨天发生了一起可怕的事故，两人死亡，十余人受伤。
He was carrying a large bag on his shoulder, with a large suitcase in his left hand.
他肩上扛着一个大袋子，左手拿着一个大箱子。
7）倒装句
The library is to the east of the teaching building. →
改为：East of the teaching building is the library.
教学楼的东面是图书馆。
Although we are tired, we are happy. →
改为：Tired as we are, we are happy.
虽然我们很累，但我们很快乐。
He can grow to be a useful man only in this way. →
改为：Only in this way can he grow to be a useful man.
只有这样，他才能成长为一个有用的人。
8）被动语态
Opinions are divided on the question.
在这个问题上意见有分歧。
All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students.
所有的课程都是由有丰富的教外国学生经验的教师来教授的
New factories, houses and roads have been built.
新建了工厂、房屋；新修了道路。
9）巧妙的改写
① Only等于no one but
Only Tom passed the exam last week. →
改为：No one but Tom passed the exam.
只有汤姆通过了考试。
② as soon as …可用No sooner…than… / Hardly…when…代替
As soon as we had arrived at the cinema, the film started. →
改为：No sooner had we arrived at the cinema than the film started.
我们刚到电影院，电影就开始了。
③ have sb /sth / done
The girl was knocked off her bicycle and her leg was broken.→
改为：The girl was knocked off her bicycle and had her leg broken.
那女孩被从自行车上摔下来，摔断了腿。
④ 变换插入语的位置
However, they suggest fees should be charged low. →
They suggest, however, fees should be charged low.
不过，他们建议收费要低一些。
I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese. →
This is a good chance for you, I think, to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese.
我认为，这是一个很好的机会，让你展示你的歌唱天赋，以及你学习汉语的能力。
⑤ 用同位语代替非限制性定语从句
Meimei, who is seven years old, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days. →
改为：Meimei, a girl of seven, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.
梅梅，一个七岁的女孩，已经学骑自行车好几天了。
3. 名人介绍与家乡介绍中常用词语
1）表达兴趣与爱好的常用词汇
Favorite (最喜欢的)；taste (爱好，志趣)；read novels (读小说)；surf the Internet (上网)；chat online (在线聊天)；collect stamps (集邮)；make E-|friends (交网友)；climb mountains (爬山)；enjoy pop music (喜欢流行音乐)；develop an interest in (在……方面培养兴趣)；be fond of(喜欢)；be keen on (对……着迷)；have a taste in (喜爱)；hobby (业余爱好)；be interested in (对……感兴趣)；have a great love for (非常喜爱……)
2）表达性格、外貌的常用词汇
optimistic（乐观）；independent（独立的）；out-going（外向的）；adaptable（适应性强的）；active（主动的，活跃的）；aggressive 有进取心的；ambitious 有雄心壮志的；amiable 和蔼可亲的amicable 友好的；analytical（善于分析的）；aspiring（有志气的，有抱负的）；audacious（大胆的，有冒险精神的）；candid（正直的）；plump（丰满）；skinny（太瘦了）；slim（苗条）；medium height（不胖不瘦）；muscular（强壮）；elegantly（优雅）；good-looking（长的好看）；smartly dressed（穿着得体）；well dressed（穿的漂亮）；competent（能胜任的）；cooperative（有合作精神的）；creative（富创造力的）；dedicated（有奉献精神的）；dependable（可靠的）；diplomatic（老练的,有策略的）；disciplined（守纪律的）；dutiful（尽职的）；well--educated（受过良好教育的）energetic（精力充沛的）；expressivity（善于表达）；faithful（守信的，忠诚的）；frank（坦率的，真诚的）；generous（宽宏大量的）；gentle（有礼貌的）；humorous（幽默的）；impartial（公正的）；independent（有主见的）；industrious（勤奋的）；ingenious（有独创性的）；modest（谦虚的）；precise（一丝不苟的）；（punctual）严格守时的；amiable（和蔼可亲的）；steady（踏实的）；purposeful（意志坚强的）；sweet-tempered（性情温和的）；temperate（稳健的）；adaptable（适应性强的）；adroit（灵巧的，机敏的）；alert（机灵的）；brilliant（有才气的）；charitable（宽厚的）；cheerful（开朗的）；efficient（有效率的）；energetic（精力充沛的）；enthusiastic（充满热情的）；expressive（善于表达）；faithful（守信的，忠诚的）；hard-working（勤劳的）；have an inquiring mind（爱动脑筋的）
3）表达朋友间友谊的常用词汇
make friends with sb. (和某人交朋友)； a strong personality (个性强)； personal matters (私事)； friendly (友好的)； a close friend (一个亲密的朋友)； trust each other (互相信任)； share...with sb. (与某人分享)； keep in touch with sb. (与某人保持联系)； stay best friends with sb. (和某人保持很好的友谊)； a friend in need (患难之交)； get to know sb.(认识某人)；know sb. very well (熟知某人)； precious(珍贵的)； worthy (有价值的)； understanding (善解人意的)； be loyal to (对……忠诚)； keep sb. company (陪伴，做伴)
4）表达家乡环境保护的基本词汇
pollute (污染)； cut down trees (砍伐树木)； waste water (废水)； throw rubbish around (乱扔垃圾)； protect the surroundings (保护周边环境)； protect rare animals (保护稀有动物)； improve the environment (改善环境)；save energy (节省能源)； do great harm to (给……带来很大危害)
5）表达家乡的和谐社会的基本词汇
harmonious (和谐的)； honest (诚实的)； credible (可信的)； balanced (平衡的)；social order (社会秩序)； peaceful (和平的)； sustainable development (可持续发展);help each other (互助)； care for each other (互相关心)； have a liking for (喜爱)；build (创建)； public morals (社会道德)； devote to (献身)； be public|spirited (有公德心的)； be concerned with (关心)； live in harmony (和谐共处)
6）表达家乡城市建设、及其景色的常用词汇
green hills and limpid water（山清水秀）；fantastic（梦幻的）；dreamy（怡然的，恬静的）；marvelous（神奇）；picturesque（如画）；magnificent（壮丽）；warm and hospitable（好客的）；simple natural（纯朴自然）；beautiful environment（环境优美）；amazing（令人惊讶的）；fantastic（梦幻般的）；unbelievable（令人难以置信的）；abundant（丰富的）；birds sing and flowers exude fragrance（鸟语花香）；too many beautiful things for the eye to behold（美不胜收）；have transport facilities（交通便利）；booming（蓬勃发展）；spring up like bamboo shoots after a spring rain（好像雨后春笋般涌现）；beautiful and rich（美丽富饶的）
写作中需要注意的问题
1. 注意句子的开头写法
1) 用with复合结构开头
With the sun setting in the west, we had to wave goodbye to the workers.
太阳落山了，我们不得不向工人们挥手告别。
With his help, we’ve learned how to analyze and settle problems.
在他的帮助下，我们学会了如何分析、解决问题。
2) 用非谓语动词形式开头
In order to improve our English, our school held an English contest.
为了提高英语水平，我们学校举办了一次英语竞赛。（动词不定式）
Walking towards the cinema, he met a foreigner.（动词的-ing形式）
他往电影院走的时候，遇到了一位外国人。
2. 注意在一段文章中，长短句、with短语、非谓语动词短语等交错使用
In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day（长句）. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water（短句）. With this extra evidence（with开始的句子）, John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus. To prevent this from happening again（动词不定式开始的句子）, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.
在伦敦的另一个地区，他发现了与宽街疫情有关的另外两起死亡病例的证据。一个从宽阔的街道搬走的女人非常喜欢水泵里的水，每天都把它送到自己家里。她和女儿喝了水后都死于霍乱。有了这些额外的证据，约翰·斯诺可以肯定地宣布污染的水携带了病毒。为了防止这种情况再次发生，约翰·斯诺建议检查所有水源。水务公司接到指示，不让人们再接触受污染的水。
3. 相关过渡语的顺序表达：
1) 表示时间顺序：first，then，afterwards，meanwhile，later，first of all，finally，at last等。比如：
First of all, …
Secondly, … （Thirdly, …. And then, … Next, … )
Finally, …
2) 表示空间顺序：near，next to，far from，in front of，on the left，on one side等。
3) 表示比较、对照：like，unlike，such as，but，however，on the other hand，on the contrary，nevertheless，otherwise等。
4) 表示因果关系：because，for，as a result，therefore，thus等。
5) 表示递进关系：besides，what’s more，what was worse，moreover，furthermore，in addition等。
6) 表示并列关系：and，as well as，also等。
7) 表示总结性：in general，in a word，in short，on the whole，to sum up，in brief，to conclude等。
一、名人传记、人物介绍的写作方法
（一）写作指导
1．确定体裁：人物介绍属于记叙文，一般要求介绍某个人的成长历程，主要事迹、社会贡献等。
2．确定主体时态：由于某个人的成长、事迹和贡献等都是已经发生的，因此把一般过去时作为主体时态，并要根据实际内容、具体情况随时调整、变换时态。
3．确定中心人称：由于是介绍他人，所以用第三人称。
4．确定结构：一般采用三段式结构或者根据情况分为三个部分。第一段或第一部分引出中心人物；第二段或者第二部分介绍经历和贡献（这一部分也可以分解成2-4个自然段。）；第三段或者第三部分进行总结。如果有具体写作要求，就要按照给出的内容提示进行灵活处理。
（二）常用句式
1．介绍成长经历：
He was born in... and grew up...
He graduated from..., and then...
After graduation, he became a(n)．...
He liked..., and devoted his spare time to...
2．介绍成就和贡献：
He was awarded...
He made a great contribution to...
His discovery has made great progress in....
He is one of the most famous... in China/the world.
His works are popular around the world, such as...
3. 参考短句：
He was born in... and grew up...
He graduated from..., and then...
After graduation, he became a(n)．...
He was awarded...
He made a great contribution to...
His discovery has made great progress in....
He is one of the most famous... in China/the world.
His works are popular around the world, such as...
4. 参考段落：
Para. 1: Make a introductions of the general evaluation of him.
Para. 2: Tell his or her childhood, education, earlier life.
Para. 3: Introduce his research, achievements, or important discovery.
（三）范例
范文一
请根据以下信息介绍一下居里夫人
Name
姓名
Marie Curie （Madam Curie）
玛丽亚·居里（居里夫人）
place of birth
出生地
Warsaw, Poland
波兰，华沙
Time of birth
出生时间
November the 7th, 1867
1867年11月7日
graduate institutions
毕业院校
the University of Paris（Sorbonne）
巴黎大学（既：索邦大学）
Occupation
职业
physicists, chemists, scientists
物理学家、化学家、?科学家
Main achievement
主要业绩
?discovered?two?new?radio active elements,
?radium?and?polonium
发现了两种新的放射性元素镭和钋
The awards received
所获得的奖项
won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903
and the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1911
1903年获诺贝尔物理学奖? 1911年获诺贝尔化学奖
【参考范文】
Madam Curie, The Great Scientist
Madam Curie was a Polish-French physicist and chemist, who is known for discovering the element radium. She discovered two new radio active elements, radium and polonium. She was the only famous woman scientist in the world.
Madam Curie was born into a teacher's family in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland. When she was born, she was given the name Marie Sk?odowska. On September 1891, she went to Paris, France, to study science. in November, she went to the University of Sorbonne (Paris University). She studied at the Department of physics. She devoted all her time to the study of radium. People had no idea of radioactivity before she discovered radium. Madame Curie was a pioneer in the field of radioactivity. She won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903, and won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1911. She was the first twice-honored Nobel Prize laureate and still today the only laureate in two different sciences, and she was the first female professor at the Sorbonne.
“The weak one sits and waits the opportunity, the powerhouse makes the opportunity”. “I must turn the life the science the dream, then turns again the dream the reality.” Madame Curie expressed her thoughts in words much like this.
Madame Curie will always be remembered as the discoverer of the element radium. She was one of the greatest scientists in the world.
【参考译文】
伟大的科学家居里夫人
居里夫人是法国著名波兰裔科学家、物理学家、化学家，她由于发现放射性元素镭而闻名于世。居里夫人发现了两种新的放射性元素镭和钋。她是全世界上唯一著名的女性科学家。
居里夫人于1867年出生在波兰、华沙的一个教师家庭。她出生时取名叫玛丽亚·斯克沃多夫斯卡。1891年9月，居里夫人赴巴黎求学，11月进入索尔本大学（即巴黎大学）理学院物理系。她一生致力于镭的研究，直到她发现镭后，人们才了解放射性。居里夫人是放射性领域的先驱者，她在1903年获得了诺贝尔物理学奖、1911获得了诺贝尔化学奖。她是首位荣获两项诺贝尔奖的得主，也是至今唯一在两个不同学科获得诺贝尔奖的获奖者，她还是在索邦大学任教的第一位女教授。
居里夫人曾用这样的语言来抒发她的思想：“弱者坐待时机；强者制造机会”；“我要把生活变成幻想，再把幻想化为现实”。居里夫人，这位镭元素的发现者，将永远为人们所怀念。她是世界上最伟大的科学家之一。
【写作顺序与方法】
全文分三个部分。第一自然段为第一部分，在这一段中，引出中心人物介绍了居里夫人是著名科学家，由于发现放射性元素镭而闻名于世。第二部分介绍了她的出身、家庭、求学、对世界的贡献；是全世界唯一在两个不同学科的诺贝尔科学奖项得主。第三部分借用她自己的语言做了总结，并在最后一句概括全文。
【温馨提示】
1. 全文主体时态是过去时，中心人称是第三人称；注意文中被动语态的应用；
2. 采用记叙文写作方法，基本上是按照时间顺序和事件的发展进行叙述；
3. 在最后一段，通过居里夫人自己的语言展示出一位伟大科学家的思想情感。同事注意，这里是直接引语，所以用的是一般现在时。
范文二
请根据以下信息写一篇关于纳尔逊·曼德拉的生平简介。
Name
姓名
Nelson Mandela
纳尔逊·曼德拉
place of birth
出生地
Transkei, South Africa
南非，特兰斯凯
Time of birth
出生时间
in 1918
1918年
major at the university
所学专业
law degree at the university
获得了法律学位
when was graduated
毕业年限
in 1940
1940年
Main achievement
主要业绩
He and his colleague founded the ANC Youth League in 1944
他和他的同事1944年成立了非国大青年团
set up law office in Johannesburg in 1952
1952年在约翰内斯堡设立了律师事务所
in 1962 sentenced to five years hard labor for attacked anti-black laws
支持暴力反对黑人法律被判5年苦役
led The ANC Youth League to blow up the government buildings in 1963
1963年领导非国大青年团炸毁了政府大楼
released from prison in 1990, became the President of the ANC in 1991
1990年获释，1991年成为非国大主席
became the President of South Africa in 1994
1994年成为南非总统。
The awards received
所获得的奖项
won the Nobel Prize for peace
1993年获得诺贝尔和平奖
【参考范文】见解析卷
Nelson Mandela The Great Person
Nelson Mandela was a very great person. He was born in Transkei, South Africa in 1918.
When he was 19 years old, he entered …
【写作顺序与方法提示】
全文分三个部分。第一部分用简洁的语言对所要介绍的人物进行概述；引出中心人物。第二部分介绍经历和贡献，介绍他一生中所做的重要事情，请按照时间顺序和事件的发展进行介绍：①介绍他的学业情况；②介绍纳尔逊·曼德拉领导非国大支持暴力反对黑人法律；③介绍他在罗本岛被监禁18年的情况。最后做总结。用简洁的语言介绍他获释后，成为非国大主席、获得诺贝尔和平奖并当选南非总统的情况。
【温馨提示】
1. 全文主体时态是过去时，中心人称是第三人称；注意被动语态的应用；
2. 采用记叙文写作方法，按照时间顺序和事件的发展进行叙述；
3. 注意的使用相应的连词。
【详见解析卷】
二、家乡介绍的写作方法
（一）写作指导
1．确定体裁：人家乡介绍一般可以采用说明文。
2．确定主体时态：一般情况下常把一般现在时作为主体时态，并要根据实际内容、具体情况随时调整、变换时态。
3．确定中心人称：介绍家乡或者旅游胜地多用第三人称。
4．确定结构：一般采用三段式结构，也可以根据情况按照三个部分组织段落，中间一个部分可以分解成2-4个自然段。第一段或第一部分简介明了地介绍家乡的地理位置、人口、面积、别称等情况。第二段或第二部分可以介绍家乡的环境、各方面的发展、旅游景点、建筑特色、饮食文化、人文风俗、新旧对比等。最后一部分用简洁的语言总结，并邀请读者到你的家乡看一看。如果有具体写作要求，就要按照给出的内容提示进行灵活处理。
（二）常用句式
be located in ...
cover an area of ...
The population of …
be rich in ...
be famous for ...
The climate here is ...
There are many famous places of interest in ...
It is historical and modern city, ....
It has many ...
As you known, it is famous for ...
It is one of the most famous... in China/the world.
（三）范例
范文一
请你介绍一下你的家乡（着重介绍旅游特色）。
【参考范文】
Harbin My Hometown
My hometown is Harbin. Harbin is the capital of Heilongjiang Province, it is located in the northeast of China. It is the political, economic and cultural center of Heilongjiang. As you known, Harbin has had "Oriental small Paris", "Oriental Moscow" and the “Pearls under the swan” reputation. The building style of our city is distinctive, it has a long history. Our city is very famous not only because of the history and culture but also the beauty scenery. The summer here is cool, the winter here is beautiful and covered with snow. Every season has its special features.
In summer, you can go to the Sun-island by boat, where is a beautiful place with fascinating scenery, it is the most attractive place of interest. We often go there for leisure and entertainment on weekend or holiday in summer. Every year, there is a Harbin Summer Music Concert which is a national concert festival. During the concert, various evenings, concert, race and activities are held, and the artists come from all over the world.
In winter, you can enjoy the wonderful glittering view of ice lantern. The annual Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival is one of the world's four largest ice and snow festivals. If you come Harbin in winter, you should go to the Harbin Ice and Snow World, where is on the north part of Songhua Rive. People from all over the world come here to celebrate the festival at that time. You will have a lot of fun with the ice and snow there. Covering a big area of 1150 square meters, the Snow Cartoon Castle takes will take you to enter into a fairy world.
There are many places of interest in Harbin, such as Sophia church, the Binzhou Railway Bridge. Solemn magnificent holy Sophia church with elegant chic Gothic building has mysterious atmosphere, the Binzhou Railway Bridge and the Middle-east Railway Park tells the history of the city .
Our city is historical and modern. It has not only many building of Russian style but many modern buildings as well. I think our city will be better and better in the future.
This is my hometown. Do you like it? Welcome to Harbin!
【参考译文】
我的家乡哈尔滨
我的家乡哈尔滨市是黑龙江省的省会，位于祖国的东北部，是黑龙江省的政治、经济、文化中心。众所周知，哈尔滨一直有着“东方小巴黎”、“东方莫斯科”、“天鹅项下的珍珠”之美誉。城市的建筑风格独特、历史悠久。我们的城市不仅因为历史和文化而闻名，还以景色美丽而著称。夏天凉爽，冬天美丽、银装素裹，每个季节都有各自的特色。
夏日里，您可以乘船去太阳岛上游览。太阳岛是一个美丽的地方，有着迷人的景色，是一个非常吸引人的旅游景点。夏天的周末或假日里，我们常常在那里休闲娱乐。这里每年都会举办哈夏音乐会，它是一个国际音乐节。哈夏音乐会期间会举办各种晚会、音乐会、各种音乐比赛及类似的活动，音乐艺术家们来自世界各地。
冬天，您可以尽情地欣赏晶莹、美妙的冰灯美景。一年一度的哈尔滨国际冰雪节是全世界四大冰雪节之一，如果您冬天来哈尔滨，您应该去松花江北岸的冰雪大世界游玩。届时，世界各地的人们都会来这里庆祝这个节日。在那里，您会尽情地享受冰雪的乐趣。占地1150平方米的卡通雪造城堡将带你进入一个神话般的世界。
哈尔滨还有许多风景名胜，比如：圣索菲亚教堂、滨州铁路桥。庄严宏伟的圣索菲亚教堂与优雅别致的哥特式建筑蒙着神秘的面纱；滨州铁路桥与中东铁路公园诉说着这座城市的历史 ……
我们的城市是历史和现代的融合，它不仅有许多俄罗斯风格的建筑，而且还有许多现代建筑。我想将来我们的城市一定会越来越好。
这就是我的家乡，您喜欢吗？欢迎来哈尔滨做客！
范文二
请写一篇在海边度假的短文。
【参考范文】见解析卷
Dalian A Good City with Beautiful Seaside
Last summer, I went Dalian with my family to spend a nice seaside holiday. On our arriving at Dalian, we were …
写作练习一
请根据以下信息，介绍一下爱因斯坦
Name
姓名
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦
Albert Einstein
place of birth
出生地
Ulm, Germany
德国，乌尔姆市
Time of birth
出生时间
March the 14th, 1897
1897年3月14日
graduate institutions
毕业院校
Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich（ETH Zurich）
苏黎世联邦理工学院
Occupation
职业
physicists, scientists
物理学家、?科学家
Main achievement
主要业绩
discovered the theory of relativity ,
published Special Theory of Relativity
发现了相对论，出版了《狭义相对论》
The awards received
所获得的奖项
won the Nobel Physics Prize in 1921
1921年获诺贝尔物理学奖?
【参考范文】见解析卷
写作练习二
请根据以下展示的有关明代万户的话题内容，介绍一下万户。
1. Who’s Wan Hu?
2. What did he do?
3. How did he make the flying chair?
4. Why did he make the flying chair?
5. Were his efforts successful?
6. What happened in the event?
The answers according to the topics above．
1. Wan Hu was a government official in Ming Dynasty.
2. He invented a flying chair.
3. He attached two big kites to the chair, and 47 rockets to the kites.
4. He make the flying chair to tried to fly to the moon.
5. No. His efforts were not successful.
6. The rockets were lit, there was a huge explosion and clouds of thick smoke. When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.
【参考范文】见解析卷
写作练习三
Translate the following into Chinese（英译汉）
1. Harbin is located in the northeast of China, which is the political, economic and cultural center of Heilongjiang province.
2. In winter, you can enjoy the wonderful view of ice lantern.
3. The ice and snow cartoon castle will take you to enter into a fairy world.
4. The city is historical and modern, it has a long history and rich culture.
5. There are many places of interest in the city.
6. This place of interest is heavy with history and culture.
7. The pagoda is reflected upside down in the water.
8. There an ancient legend in the river of our hometown.
9. Along with the river, we can enjoy a number of beautiful places of interest.
10. It is a very good summer resort. The sea was as blue as the sky.
四、Translate the following into English（汉译英）
1. 当他们粘在甲板上欣赏美丽的景色时，西阳正从白塔后面落下。
2. 长江的历史源远流长。
3. 每一块岩石形象各异，像人、像动物、又像植物。
4. 每一条河流都流淌着传奇的故事。
5. 每一座山岗都承载着厚重的历史。
6. 我们能欣赏到西阳在白塔后面沉下，很美。
7. 我们溯流而上、绕道这条美丽之河，观赏了几处小峡谷。
8. 太阳从东边生起，从西边落下
9. 小山岗倒映在水中。
10. 那里气候宜人，阳光明媚，空气清新，令人心情舒畅。
第四十讲 名人介绍 家乡介绍 写作方法 写作要点与范例
(解析卷)
黑龙江哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
在高考英语试卷中，写作不仅是必不可少的考试项目，也是整个英语试卷中最重要的项目之一。阅卷教师通过对考生写作部分的阅卷，可以看出考生对英语语言实际应用的水平。考生对写作内容的把握直接影响着写作部分的质量，而且写作部分也是最能反应考生英语水平的重要环节，对最终英语试卷得分的高低起着举足轻重的作用。高考英语作文一般满分为25分（150字左右），占总分数的16%，如果作文分数能达到20分以上，就可以轻松将许多考生甩在后面。批卷时，阅卷老师阅读速度很快，每篇作文大概以平均一分钟左右的速度审核，老师首先会大致读一下作文内容，并在心里给出作文得分的等级。通常，一等分数为21--25分；二等分数为16分--20分；三等分数为11--15分；四等分数在6—10分；最低档分数在6分以下。首先试卷的卷面干净整洁是获取较高的分数的基础，写作部分没有涂抹或修改，没有明显的错误拼写，字迹秀丽工整，用词用句注意短语、谚语等的使用；这些都可以给评卷教师一个良好的印象。因此，教师在辅导学生进行写作练习的时候，要提醒学生注意这些问题。并且辅导学生进行写作技巧的训练，对学生进行写作要点的点拨，指导学生注意运用写作技巧，注意审题立意，确定写作主题；注意拟提纲，定骨架；安排好层次段落；做好段落铺垫的过渡；处理好开头与结尾。同时，还要注意引导学生通过熟练掌握一些常用的短语、习语、谚语等进行书面表达。
I. 写作技巧概述（The Summary of Writing Skill）
在进行写作训练时，要注意提醒学生整篇作文留给评卷教师的第一印象很重要。首先，要保证卷面清爽，减少修改；一般卷面整洁的英语作文分数一般都不会很低，阅卷老师都喜欢阅读字迹工整的文章。卷面让人看上去舒服，尽量减少修改；如果再字体优美，得分就会更占优势。其次，要杜绝错误拼写，尤其是简单的词汇；如有记得不准确的单词应尽量替换为熟悉的单词，否则会影响整体作文分数的等级。再者，要善用实词，替换常用词。在撰写英语作文时，要尽可能多用实词，少用虚词。比如在形容一个人很好的时候，不要总用very nice；very good这类过与简单词汇；应尽量多使用一些有分量的词汇。比如：generous，humorous，interesting，smart，gentle，warm-hearted之类的形容词。作文不能获得高分的一个很重要的原因就是使用重复、简单的词汇。所以，尽量要用不一样的词汇来表达，以便能使作文增加新鲜感，获得高等级的分数。
1. 审题立意准确，确定文章主题
对命题作文必须认真审题，对自由作文必须立好意。文章要有明确的主题，注意用词准确、主题鲜明、内容深刻、叙事集中。对人物的介绍注意人称、时态的使用，一般对逝去的名人用过去时态；对健在的名人根据所叙述的情况确定时态；注意情态动词的恰当运用可以使预期自然、表达准确。对家乡的介绍一般用现在时态，注意对家乡特色的描写。比如：人文景色、特色饮食、特色建筑、特殊节日（如：哈尔滨的冰雪节、欧式建筑、中央大街、大列巴、力道斯……）
2. 拟提纲，定骨架
英语作文审好题，立好意后，就要列提纲，确定文章的骨架。
1）安排好层次段落
2）做好段落铺垫的过渡
3）处理好开头和结尾
如果作文中有提示句，还要从提示句的关键词出发，围绕关键词展幵思路，发挥联想，记录下联想到的内容，记录的方式可以是句子，也可以用单词或词组，可以用英语也可以用汉语。以The Person I Admire Most为例，提纲可以这样写：
1）Who is the person that I admire most
2）My reasons
3）What can I learn from the person
注意结构美，行文条理清晰，避免一段到底，根据写作提示内容与要点，采用三段的段落模式较佳（根据情况也可以采用两段的段落模式）。
3. 写出主题句，理清文章脉络
一篇短文的段落一般分为引导部分、主体部分和结尾部分。每段的主题句非常重要，是作者思维的起点，切题的准绳，阐述的对象。看到段落主题句，读者大致可以了解段落要阐述的内容。段落主题句通常是一个语法结构完整、内容概括、用词简洁明了的简单句。通常将段落主题句罝于段落的开头，可以使文章结构更清晰，更有说服力。
4. 参照提纲，扣主题句，充实内容
有了段落主题句后，还需要顺着段落主题句的方向，参照提纲中的思路，完成各个段落。引导段部分要引起读者的注意和兴趣，特别是要能引起阅卷教师的共鸣，为主题段铺路架桥；主题段要围绕文章和该段的主题来展开。
5. 学会使用过渡词
1）递进：further more；moreover；besides；in addition；then等
2）转折：however；but；nevertheless；after all等
3）总结：finally；at last；in brief；to conclude等
4）强调：really；indeed；certainly；surely；above all等
5）对比：in the same way；just as；on the other hand等
6. 学会正确使用高级词汇
在教师阅卷时，最忌讳的就是大众化的词汇和平庸的表达，考生要想得高分，就得多用高级词汇，注意遣词造句。考生平时需要背诵一些固定词组、习语、谚语以及相对高级一些的词语，有助于考场上能得心应手，手到擒来。避免重复使用同一单词或词组。注意运用固定词组、习语、谚语等替代一些词来表达，以便能增加文采，提高被评分的等级。可采用以下三项原则：
1）弃旧取新：
阅卷老师一般都喜欢见到学生用新学习的词汇进行书面表达，因为学生乐于使用学得比较晚的单词能体现出学生学以致用的意识。例如，表示：美丽的形容词，通常同学们首先想到的基本上是初中的词汇beautiful，而采用高中新学习的词汇appealing，attractive，charming和fascinating等来替换beautiful，就可以为书面表达提高分数。
2）短语优先
高考书面表达中，多使用词组和习语替代一些单词可以起到增加文采的作用。例如：first可用to begin / start with 替换；besides可以用in addition和what is more替换；consider可以用take sth. into consideration/account替换；remember可以用 keep in mind替换。
3）避免重复
考生要想写出一篇好的英语作文，就要尽量避免重复、避免多次使用同一个简单的单词（如：反复使用should）。考生应该充分发散思维，灵活地运用短语be supposed to或had better等进行替换。
II. 记住并使用高中阶段学习的词汇
1. 需要背诵的部分常用的高级词汇的替代词
1）devote替换spend
He spends all his spare time in reading. →
He devotes all his spare time to reading.
他把所有的业余时间都用来读书。
2）average替换ordinary
I’m an ordinary student. →
I’m an average student.
我是个普通的学生。
3）but替换very
The film we saw last night was very interesting. →
The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.
我们昨晚看的那部电影非常有趣。
4）seat 替换sit
On his way to school, he found an old lady sitting by the road, looking worried. →
On his way to school, he found an old lady seated by the road, looking worried.
在上学的路上，他发现一位老奶奶坐在路边，看上去很担心
5）suppose 替换should
He should have driven more slowly. →
He is supposed to have driven more slowly.
他应该开得慢一些。
6）appreciate替换thank
Thank you very much for your help. →
We appreciate your help very much.
非常感谢你的帮助。
7）the case替换true
I don’t think it is true. →
I don’t think it is the case.
我认为这不是真的。
8）on替换as soon as
As soon as he arrived, he began his research. →
On his arrival, he began his research.
他一到那，就开始研究了。
9）due to替换because of
He arrived late because of the storm. →
He arrived late due to the storm.
由于暴风雨，他迟到了。
10）cover替换walk/read
After walking 10 miles, we all felt tired. →
After covering 10 miles, we all felt tired.
走了10英里后，我们都觉得累了。
11）contribute to替换 be helpful/useful
Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study. →
Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.
大量的记忆工作无疑将有助于英语学习。
12）round the corner替换coming soon/ nearby
The summer vacation is coming soon. Do you have any plans? →
The summer vacation is round the corner. Do you have any plans?
暑假快到了。你有什么计划吗？
Li Ming studies in a school nearby. →
Li Ming studies in a school round the corner.
李明在附近的一所学校学习。
13）come to light替换discover
The family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels. →
The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.
当丢失的珠宝出现时，全家人都非常高兴。
14）have a ball替换have a good time/ enjoy oneself
After visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a good time. →
After visiting the workshop, we went back to school. Every one of us had a ball.
我们参观完车间后回到了学校。大家都很愉快。
15）come up with替换think of
Jack is very clever. He often thinks of new ideas. →
Jack is very clever. He often comes up with new ideas.
杰克很聪明。他经常想出新主意。
16）set aside替换save
Some students think that they should save some of their pocket money for books. →
Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books.
某些学生认为他们应该把一些零用钱存起来买书。
17）be of + n. 替换adj.
The products are very good and are sold everywhere in China. →
The products are of high quality and are sold everywhere in China.
这些产品质量非常好，销往全国各地。
18）refer to替换talk about/of，mention
The professor you talked about is very famous. →
The professor you referred to is very famous.
你提到的那位教授很有名。
19）lest替换so that /in order that
I wrote down his telephone number so that I would not forget it. →
I wrote down his telephone number lest I forget it.
我把他的电话号码记下来以免忘记。
20）be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替换be interested in
He is interested in collecting stamps. →
He is caught up in collecting stamps.
他对集邮很感兴趣。
21）more than替换very
I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September. →
I’m more than glad to learn that you are coming in September.
得知你九月来，我非常高兴。
22）perfect(ly) 替换good/ very well
He speaks good English./ He speaks English very well. →
He speaks perfect English./ He speaks English perfectly.
他英语说得很好。
23）do sb. a favor替换help
Would you please help me to turn down the radio? →
Would you please do me a favor to turn down the radio?
你能帮我把收音机关小一点吗？
24）in the course of替换during
During the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety. →
In the course of the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.
在爬山过程中，请互相帮助，特别注意您的安全。
25）the majority of替换most
Most of the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema. →
The majority of the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema.
大多数受访者宁愿在家看电视也不愿去看电影。
26）consist of替换be made up of
Our class is made up of 50 students. →
Our class consists of 50 students.
我们班由50名学生组成。
27）be worn out替换 be tired / broken
After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all tired. →
After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all worn out.
连续工作了五个小时，我们都筋疲力尽了。
My shoes are broken. Please buy me a new pair. →
My shoes are worn out. Please buy me a new pair.
我的鞋坏了，请给我买一双新的。
28）attend to替换look after
I have to look after my business.→
I have to attend to my business.
我需要照料我的生意。
29）on condition that替换as long as
As long as we are united, there is no difficulty we cannot overcome.→
On condition that we are united, there is no difficulty we cannot overcome.
只要我们团结一致，就没有克服不了的困难。
30）nevertheless替换however
However hard she tried, nothing seemed to work
Nevertheless hard she tried, nothing seemed to work
尽管她努力了，但似乎也没什么用。
2. 背诵并使用常用的高级句型结构
1）It句型
① It will be + some time + before…
It won’t be long before humans visit the Mars.
人类不久就会造访火星。
② It is + adj./ n.+ for sb to do sth.
It is very important for us to learn computer well, because it has changed our life so much.
学好计算机对我们很重要，因为它已经改变了我们的生活。
③ It is + 被强调部分 + that…
It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot.
杨利伟所做的给我们很大的鼓励。
Those who like reading extensively say it is through reading that we get our knowledge.
喜欢广泛阅读的人说，我们是通过阅读获得知识的。
2）more …than any other 表示最高级
Indian produces more films than any other country in the world.
印度的电影产量超过世界上其他任何国家。
3）名词从句
It would mean a great deal to me to listen to the tape and learn what is covered in the talk.
听录音，了解谈话内容对我来说意义重大。
My hometown is no longer what it used to be.
我的家乡不再像以前那样了。
4）（非限制性）定语从句的应用
The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street. It is not far from Jianxin Chinese School. →
改为：The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxin Chinese School.
这套公寓在芳草街的一栋楼里，离建欣汉语学校不远。
It was quite an experience for us both. I’ll never forget it for the rest of my life. →
改为：It was quite an experience for us both, which I’ll never forget for the rest of my life.
这对我们两个人来说都是一次很好的经历，我永远也不会忘记的。
5）分词结构
I don’t know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well.
我不了解其他人，但我以前甚至周末都要学习，永无休止的做作业、没完没了地上课。
We’ll mostly stay at home in the evening watching TV, playing games, and meeting people.
我们晚上主要是呆在家里看电视，玩游戏，会见朋友。
Hearing this, a few people began to run after him.
听到这个，有几个人开始追赶他。
Born in America, Thomas Edison was a great scientist and inventor.
托马斯·爱迪生出生于美国，是一位伟大的科学家和发明家。
6）with结构
A terrible accident happened yesterday, with two people killed and more than ten injured.
昨天发生了一起可怕的事故，两人死亡，十余人受伤。
He was carrying a large bag on his shoulder, with a large suitcase in his left hand.
他肩上扛着一个大袋子，左手拿着一个大箱子。
7）倒装句
The library is to the east of the teaching building. →
改为：East of the teaching building is the library.
教学楼的东面是图书馆。
Although we are tired, we are happy. →
改为：Tired as we are, we are happy.
虽然我们很累，但我们很快乐。
He can grow to be a useful man only in this way. →
改为：Only in this way can he grow to be a useful man.
只有这样，他才能成长为一个有用的人。
8）被动语态
Opinions are divided on the question.
在这个问题上意见有分歧。
All classes are taught by teachers with rich experience in teaching foreign students.
所有的课程都是由有丰富的教外国学生经验的教师来教授的
New factories, houses and roads have been built.
新建了工厂、房屋；新修了道路。
9）巧妙的改写
① Only等于no one but
Only Tom passed the exam last week. →
改为：No one but Tom passed the exam.
只有汤姆通过了考试。
② as soon as …可用No sooner…than… / Hardly…when…代替
As soon as we had arrived at the cinema, the film started. →
改为：No sooner had we arrived at the cinema than the film started.
我们刚到电影院，电影就开始了。
③ have sb /sth / done
The girl was knocked off her bicycle and her leg was broken.→
改为：The girl was knocked off her bicycle and had her leg broken.
那女孩被从自行车上摔下来，摔断了腿。
④ 变换插入语的位置
However, they suggest fees should be charged low. →
They suggest, however, fees should be charged low.
不过，他们建议收费要低一些。
I think this is a good chance for you to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese. →
This is a good chance for you, I think, to show your singing talent, and how well you’ve learned Chinese.
我认为，这是一个很好的机会，让你展示你的歌唱天赋，以及你学习汉语的能力。
⑤ 用同位语代替非限制性定语从句
Meimei, who is seven years old, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days. →
改为：Meimei, a girl of seven, has been learning to ride a bicycle for several days.
梅梅，一个七岁的女孩，已经学骑自行车好几天了。
3. 名人介绍与家乡介绍中常用词语
1）表达兴趣与爱好的常用词汇
Favorite (最喜欢的)；taste (爱好，志趣)；read novels (读小说)；surf the Internet (上网)；chat online (在线聊天)；collect stamps (集邮)；make E-|friends (交网友)；climb mountains (爬山)；enjoy pop music (喜欢流行音乐)；develop an interest in (在……方面培养兴趣)；be fond of(喜欢)；be keen on (对……着迷)；have a taste in (喜爱)；hobby (业余爱好)；be interested in (对……感兴趣)；have a great love for (非常喜爱……)
2）表达性格、外貌的常用词汇
optimistic（乐观）；independent（独立的）；out-going（外向的）；adaptable（适应性强的）；active（主动的，活跃的）；aggressive 有进取心的；ambitious 有雄心壮志的；amiable 和蔼可亲的amicable 友好的；analytical（善于分析的）；aspiring（有志气的，有抱负的）；audacious（大胆的，有冒险精神的）；candid（正直的）；plump（丰满）；skinny（太瘦了）；slim（苗条）；medium height（不胖不瘦）；muscular（强壮）；elegantly（优雅）；good-looking（长的好看）；smartly dressed（穿着得体）；well dressed（穿的漂亮）；competent（能胜任的）；cooperative（有合作精神的）；creative（富创造力的）；dedicated（有奉献精神的）；dependable（可靠的）；diplomatic（老练的,有策略的）；disciplined（守纪律的）；dutiful（尽职的）；well--educated（受过良好教育的）energetic（精力充沛的）；expressivity（善于表达）；faithful（守信的，忠诚的）；frank（坦率的，真诚的）；generous（宽宏大量的）；gentle（有礼貌的）；humorous（幽默的）；impartial（公正的）；independent（有主见的）；industrious（勤奋的）；ingenious（有独创性的）；modest（谦虚的）；precise（一丝不苟的）；（punctual）严格守时的；amiable（和蔼可亲的）；steady（踏实的）；purposeful（意志坚强的）；sweet-tempered（性情温和的）；temperate（稳健的）；adaptable（适应性强的）；adroit（灵巧的，机敏的）；alert（机灵的）；brilliant（有才气的）；charitable（宽厚的）；cheerful（开朗的）；efficient（有效率的）；energetic（精力充沛的）；enthusiastic（充满热情的）；expressive（善于表达）；faithful（守信的，忠诚的）；hard-working（勤劳的）；have an inquiring mind（爱动脑筋的）
3）表达朋友间友谊的常用词汇
make friends with sb. (和某人交朋友)； a strong personality (个性强)； personal matters (私事)； friendly (友好的)； a close friend (一个亲密的朋友)； trust each other (互相信任)； share...with sb. (与某人分享)； keep in touch with sb. (与某人保持联系)； stay best friends with sb. (和某人保持很好的友谊)； a friend in need (患难之交)； get to know sb.(认识某人)；know sb. very well (熟知某人)； precious(珍贵的)； worthy (有价值的)； understanding (善解人意的)； be loyal to (对……忠诚)； keep sb. company (陪伴，做伴)
4）表达家乡环境保护的基本词汇
pollute (污染)； cut down trees (砍伐树木)； waste water (废水)； throw rubbish around (乱扔垃圾)； protect the surroundings (保护周边环境)； protect rare animals (保护稀有动物)； improve the environment (改善环境)；save energy (节省能源)； do great harm to (给……带来很大危害)
5）表达家乡的和谐社会的基本词汇
harmonious (和谐的)； honest (诚实的)； credible (可信的)； balanced (平衡的)；social order (社会秩序)； peaceful (和平的)； sustainable development (可持续发展);help each other (互助)； care for each other (互相关心)； have a liking for (喜爱)；build (创建)； public morals (社会道德)； devote to (献身)； be public|spirited (有公德心的)； be concerned with (关心)； live in harmony (和谐共处)
6）表达家乡城市建设、及其景色的常用词汇
green hills and limpid water（山清水秀）；fantastic（梦幻的）；dreamy（怡然的，恬静的）；marvelous（神奇）；picturesque（如画）；magnificent（壮丽）；warm and hospitable（好客的）；simple natural（纯朴自然）；beautiful environment（环境优美）；amazing（令人惊讶的）；fantastic（梦幻般的）；unbelievable（令人难以置信的）；abundant（丰富的）；birds sing and flowers exude fragrance（鸟语花香）；too many beautiful things for the eye to behold（美不胜收）；have transport facilities（交通便利）；booming（蓬勃发展）；spring up like bamboo shoots after a spring rain（好像雨后春笋般涌现）；beautiful and rich（美丽富饶的）
写作中需要注意的问题
1. 注意句子的开头写法
1) 用with复合结构开头
With the sun setting in the west, we had to wave goodbye to the workers.
太阳落山了，我们不得不向工人们挥手告别。
With his help, we’ve learned how to analyze and settle problems.
在他的帮助下，我们学会了如何分析、解决问题。
2) 用非谓语动词形式开头
In order to improve our English, our school held an English contest.
为了提高英语水平，我们学校举办了一次英语竞赛。（动词不定式）
Walking towards the cinema, he met a foreigner.（动词的-ing形式）
他往电影院走的时候，遇到了一位外国人。
2. 注意在一段文章中，长短句、with短语、非谓语动词短语等交错使用
In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day（长句）. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water（短句）. With this extra evidence（with开始的句子）, John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus. To prevent this from happening again（动词不定式开始的句子）, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.
在伦敦的另一个地区，他发现了与宽街疫情有关的另外两起死亡病例的证据。一个从宽阔的街道搬走的女人非常喜欢水泵里的水，每天都把它送到自己家里。她和女儿喝了水后都死于霍乱。有了这些额外的证据，约翰·斯诺可以肯定地宣布污染的水携带了病毒。为了防止这种情况再次发生，约翰·斯诺建议检查所有水源。水务公司接到指示，不让人们再接触受污染的水。
3. 相关过渡语的顺序表达：
1) 表示时间顺序：first，then，afterwards，meanwhile，later，first of all，finally，at last等。比如：
First of all, …
Secondly, … （Thirdly, …. And then, … Next, … )
Finally, …
2) 表示空间顺序：near，next to，far from，in front of，on the left，on one side等。
3) 表示比较、对照：like，unlike，such as，but，however，on the other hand，on the contrary，nevertheless，otherwise等。
4) 表示因果关系：because，for，as a result，therefore，thus等。
5) 表示递进关系：besides，what’s more，what was worse，moreover，furthermore，in addition等。
6) 表示并列关系：and，as well as，also等。
7) 表示总结性：in general，in a word，in short，on the whole，to sum up，in brief，to conclude等。
一、名人传记、人物介绍的写作方法
（一）写作指导
1．确定体裁：人物介绍属于记叙文，一般要求介绍某个人的成长历程，主要事迹、社会贡献等。
2．确定主体时态：由于某个人的成长、事迹和贡献等都是已经发生的，因此把一般过去时作为主体时态，并要根据实际内容、具体情况随时调整、变换时态。
3．确定中心人称：由于是介绍他人，所以用第三人称。
4．确定结构：一般采用三段式结构或者根据情况分为三个部分。第一段或第一部分引出中心人物；第二段或者第二部分介绍经历和贡献（这一部分也可以分解成2-4个自然段。）；第三段或者第三部分进行总结。如果有具体写作要求，就要按照给出的内容提示进行灵活处理。
（二）常用句式
1．介绍成长经历：
He was born in... and grew up...
He graduated from..., and then...
After graduation, he became a(n)．...
He liked..., and devoted his spare time to...
2．介绍成就和贡献：
He was awarded...
He made a great contribution to...
His discovery has made great progress in....
He is one of the most famous... in China/the world.
His works are popular around the world, such as...
3. 参考短句：
He was born in... and grew up...
He graduated from..., and then...
After graduation, he became a(n)．...
He was awarded...
He made a great contribution to...
His discovery has made great progress in....
He is one of the most famous... in China/the world.
His works are popular around the world, such as...
4. 参考段落：
Para. 1: Make a introductions of the general evaluation of him.
Para. 2: Tell his or her childhood, education, earlier life.
Para. 3: Introduce his research, achievements, or important discovery.
（三）范例
范文一
请根据以下信息介绍一下居里夫人
Name
姓名
Marie Curie （Madam Curie）
玛丽亚·居里（居里夫人）
place of birth
出生地
Warsaw, Poland
波兰，华沙
Time of birth
出生时间
November the 7th, 1867
1867年11月7日
graduate institutions
毕业院校
the University of Paris（Sorbonne）
巴黎大学（既：索邦大学）
Occupation
职业
physicists, chemists, scientists
物理学家、化学家、?科学家
Main achievement
主要业绩
?discovered?two?new?radio active elements,
?radium?and?polonium
发现了两种新的放射性元素镭和钋
The awards received
所获得的奖项
won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903
and the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1911
1903年获诺贝尔物理学奖? 1911年获诺贝尔化学奖
【参考范文】
Madam Curie, The Great Scientist
Madam Curie was a Polish-French physicist and chemist, who is known for discovering the element radium. She discovered two new radio active elements, radium and polonium. She was the only famous woman scientist in the world.
Madam Curie was born into a teacher's family in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland. When she was born, she was given the name Marie Sk?odowska. On September 1891, she went to Paris, France, to study science. in November, she went to the University of Sorbonne (Paris University). She studied at the Department of physics. She devoted all her time to the study of radium. People had no idea of radioactivity before she discovered radium. Madame Curie was a pioneer in the field of radioactivity. She won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903, and won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1911. She was the first twice-honored Nobel Prize laureate and still today the only laureate in two different sciences, and she was the first female professor at the Sorbonne.
“The weak one sits and waits the opportunity, the powerhouse makes the opportunity”. “I must turn the life the science the dream, then turns again the dream the reality.” Madame Curie expressed her thoughts in words much like this.
Madame Curie will always be remembered as the discoverer of the element radium. She was one of the greatest scientists in the world.
【参考译文】
伟大的科学家居里夫人
居里夫人是法国著名波兰裔科学家、物理学家、化学家，她由于发现放射性元素镭而闻名于世。居里夫人发现了两种新的放射性元素镭和钋。她是全世界上唯一著名的女性科学家。
居里夫人于1867年出生在波兰、华沙的一个教师家庭。她出生时取名叫玛丽亚·斯克沃多夫斯卡。1891年9月，居里夫人赴巴黎求学，11月进入索尔本大学（即巴黎大学）理学院物理系。她一生致力于镭的研究，直到她发现镭后，人们才了解放射性。居里夫人是放射性领域的先驱者，她在1903年获得了诺贝尔物理学奖、1911获得了诺贝尔化学奖。她是首位荣获两项诺贝尔奖的得主，也是至今唯一在两个不同学科获得诺贝尔奖的获奖者，她还是在索邦大学任教的第一位女教授。
居里夫人曾用这样的语言来抒发她的思想：“弱者坐待时机；强者制造机会”；“我要把生活变成幻想，再把幻想化为现实”。居里夫人，这位镭元素的发现者，将永远为人们所怀念。她是世界上最伟大的科学家之一。
【写作顺序与方法】
全文分三个部分。第一自然段为第一部分，在这一段中，引出中心人物介绍了居里夫人是著名科学家，由于发现放射性元素镭而闻名于世。第二部分介绍了她的出身、家庭、求学、对世界的贡献；是全世界唯一在两个不同学科的诺贝尔科学奖项得主。第三部分借用她自己的语言做了总结，并在最后一句概括全文。
【温馨提示】
1. 全文主体时态是过去时，中心人称是第三人称；注意文中被动语态的应用；
2. 采用记叙文写作方法，基本上是按照时间顺序和事件的发展进行叙述；
3. 在最后一段，通过居里夫人自己的语言展示出一位伟大科学家的思想情感。同事注意，这里是直接引语，所以用的是一般现在时。
范文二
请根据以下信息写一篇关于纳尔逊·曼德拉的生平简介。
Name
姓名
Nelson Mandela
纳尔逊·曼德拉
place of birth
出生地
Transkei, South Africa
南非，特兰斯凯
Time of birth
出生时间
in 1918
1918年
major at the university
所学专业
law degree at the university
获得了法律学位
when was graduated
毕业年限
in 1940
1940年
Main achievement
主要业绩
He and his colleague founded the ANC Youth League in 1944
他和他的同事1944年成立了非国大青年团
set up law office in Johannesburg in 1952
1952年在约翰内斯堡设立了律师事务所
in 1962 sentenced to five years hard labor for attacked anti-black laws
支持暴力反对黑人法律被判5年苦役
led The ANC Youth League to blow up the government buildings in 1963
1963年领导非国大青年团炸毁了政府大楼
released from prison in 1990, became the President of the ANC in 1991
1990年获释，1991年成为非国大主席
became the President of South Africa in 1994
1994年成为南非总统。
The awards received
所获得的奖项
won the Nobel Prize for peace
1993年获得诺贝尔和平奖
【参考范文】
Nelson Mandela The Great Person
Nelson Mandela was a very great person. He was born in Transkei, South Africa in 1918.
When he was 19 years old, he entered university to study for the law degree, but he did not complete degree because he took part in the activities of anti-black laws. He completed his law degree at the university in 1940.
He and his colleague founded the ANC Youth League in 1944. In order to help poor black people, he set up law office in Johannesburg in 1952. His law office was closed by government because he attacked anti-black laws. In 1962, he was sentenced to five years hard labor for encouraging violence against anti-black laws. However, he was determined to insist on his ideas and he led The ANC Youth League to blow up the government buildings in 1963.
In 1964, Nelson Mandela was sentenced to prison for life on Robben Island for being one of the ANC leaders. After he had been in prison on Robben Island for 18 years, he was moved to a prison in Cape Town.
After he was released from prison in 1990, he became the President of the ANC in 1991. In 1993, Nelson Mandela won the Nobel Prize for peace and he became the President of South Africa in 1994. Five years later, Nelson Mandela was retired as President and returned to live in his hometown in the Transkei, South Africa in 1999. Although Nelson Mandela retired, his idea of reconciliation and compromise spread widely. This idea supports South Africa through the most difficult period and effectively avoids large-scale ethnic conflicts.
【参考译文】
伟大的纳尔逊·曼德拉
纳尔逊·曼德拉非常伟大。他1918年出生于南非特兰斯凯。
他19岁时进入大学攻读法律学位，但由于参加了反黑法活动，没有完成学位。他于1940年在大学获得了法律学位。
他和他的同事于1944年成立了非国大青年团。为了帮助贫困的黑人，他于1952年在约翰内斯堡设立了律师事务所。他的律师事务所因攻击反黑人法律而被政府关闭。1962年，他因支持暴力反对黑人法律而被判5年苦役。然而，他决心坚持自己的理想，并在1963年领导非国大青年团炸毁了政府大楼。
1964年，纳尔逊·曼德拉因成为非国大领袖之一，在罗本岛被判终身监禁。他在罗本岛坐牢18年后，被转移到开普敦的一所监狱。
他于1990年获释，1991年成为非国大主席。1993年，纳尔逊·曼德拉获得诺贝尔和平奖，1994年成为南非总统。五年后，纳尔逊·曼德拉作为总统退休，并于1999年返回家乡南非特兰斯凯。尽管纳尔逊·曼德拉退休了，但他和解与妥协的思想却广泛传播。这一理念支持南非度过最困难的时期，有效避免了大规模的民族冲突。
【写作顺序与方法】
全文分三个部分。第一自然段为第一部分，在这一段中，首先用简洁的语言对所要介绍的人物进行概述；引出中心人物。然后，第二部分介绍经历和贡献，分别用三个自然段（第二、三、四自然段）介绍了他一生中所做的重要事情，这四个自然段是按照时间顺序和事件的发展进行介绍的：①介绍他的学业情况；②介绍纳尔逊·曼德拉领导非国大支持暴力反对黑人法律；③介绍他在罗本岛被监禁18年的情况。在最后一个自然段（既：全文的第三部分）做了总结。用简洁的语言介绍他获释后，成为非国大主席、获得诺贝尔和平奖并当选南非总统的情况。
【温馨提示】
1. 全文主体时态是过去时，中心人称是第三人称；注意文中被动语态的应用；
2. 采用记叙文写作方法，按照时间顺序和事件的发展进行叙述；
3. 注意第二自然段when和连词but的使用；
4. 注意第三自然段中应用非谓语动词（不定式）开始的句子“In order to …”； 此外还有“However, …”和“…led … to do …“的应用；
5. 非谓语动词（动词的-ing形式）“for being … ”的应用；
6. 注意最后一句的谓语动词用的是一般现在时态，“This idea supports …”，因为他的理念一直在支持着南非人民……。
二、家乡介绍的写作方法
（一）写作指导
1．确定体裁：人家乡介绍一般可以采用说明文。
2．确定主体时态：一般情况下常把一般现在时作为主体时态，并要根据实际内容、具体情况随时调整、变换时态。
3．确定中心人称：介绍家乡或者旅游胜地多用第三人称。
4．确定结构：一般采用三段式结构，也可以根据情况按照三个部分组织段落，中间一个部分可以分解成2-4个自然段。第一段或第一部分简介明了地介绍家乡的地理位置、人口、面积、别称等情况。第二段或第二部分可以介绍家乡的环境、各方面的发展、旅游景点、建筑特色、饮食文化、人文风俗、新旧对比等。最后一部分用简洁的语言总结，并邀请读者到你的家乡看一看。如果有具体写作要求，就要按照给出的内容提示进行灵活处理。
（二）常用句式
be located in ...
cover an area of ...
The population of …
be rich in ...
be famous for ...
The climate here is ...
There are many famous places of interest in ...
It is historical and modern city, ....
It has many ...
As you known, it is famous for ...
It is one of the most famous... in China/the world.
（三）范例
范文一
请你介绍一下你的家乡（着重介绍旅游特色）。
【参考范文】
Harbin My Hometown
My hometown is Harbin. Harbin is the capital of Heilongjiang Province, it is located in the northeast of China. It is the political, economic and cultural center of Heilongjiang. As you known, Harbin has had "Oriental small Paris", "Oriental Moscow" and the “Pearls under the swan” reputation. The building style of our city is distinctive, it has a long history. Our city is very famous not only because of the history and culture but also the beauty scenery. The summer here is cool, the winter here is beautiful and covered with snow. Every season has its special features.
In summer, you can go to the Sun-island by boat, where is a beautiful place with fascinating scenery, it is the most attractive place of interest. We often go there for leisure and entertainment on weekend or holiday in summer. Every year, there is a Harbin Summer Music Concert which is a national concert festival. During the concert, various evenings, concert, race and activities are held, and the artists come from all over the world.
In winter, you can enjoy the wonderful glittering view of ice lantern. The annual Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival is one of the world's four largest ice and snow festivals. If you come Harbin in winter, you should go to the Harbin Ice and Snow World, where is on the north part of Songhua Rive. People from all over the world come here to celebrate the festival at that time. You will have a lot of fun with the ice and snow there. Covering a big area of 1150 square meters, the Snow Cartoon Castle takes will take you to enter into a fairy world.
There are many places of interest in Harbin, such as Sophia church, the Binzhou Railway Bridge. Solemn magnificent holy Sophia church with elegant chic Gothic building has mysterious atmosphere, the Binzhou Railway Bridge and the Middle-east Railway Park tells the history of the city ...
Our city is historical and modern. It has not only many building of Russian style but many modern buildings as well. I think our city will be better and better in the future.
This is my hometown. Do you like it? Welcome to Harbin!
【参考译文】
我的家乡哈尔滨
我的家乡哈尔滨市是黑龙江省的省会，位于祖国的东北部，是黑龙江省的政治、经济、文化中心。众所周知，哈尔滨一直有着“东方小巴黎”、“东方莫斯科”、“天鹅项下的珍珠”之美誉。城市的建筑风格独特、历史悠久。我们的城市不仅因为历史和文化而闻名，还以景色美丽而著称。夏天凉爽，冬天美丽、银装素裹，每个季节都有各自的特色。
夏日里，您可以乘船去太阳岛上游览。太阳岛是一个美丽的地方，有着迷人的景色，是一个非常吸引人的旅游景点。夏天的周末或假日里，我们常常在那里休闲娱乐。这里每年都会举办哈夏音乐会，它是一个国际音乐节。哈夏音乐会期间会举办各种晚会、音乐会、各种音乐比赛及类似的活动，音乐艺术家们来自世界各地。
冬天，您可以尽情地欣赏晶莹、美妙的冰灯美景。一年一度的哈尔滨国际冰雪节是全世界四大冰雪节之一，如果您冬天来哈尔滨，您应该去松花江北岸的冰雪大世界游玩。届时，世界各地的人们都会来这里庆祝这个节日。在那里，您会尽情地享受冰雪的乐趣。占地1150平方米的卡通雪造城堡将带你进入一个神话般的世界。
哈尔滨还有许多风景名胜，比如：圣索菲亚教堂、滨州铁路桥。庄严宏伟的圣索菲亚教堂与优雅别致的哥特式建筑蒙着神秘的面纱；滨州铁路桥与中东铁路公园诉说着这座城市的历史 ……
我们的城市是历史和现代的融合，它不仅有许多俄罗斯风格的建筑，而且还有许多现代建筑。我想将来我们的城市一定会越来越好。
这就是我的家乡，您喜欢吗？欢迎来哈尔滨做客！
范文二
请写一篇在海边度假的短文。
【参考范文】
Dalian A Good City with Beautiful Seaside
Last summer, I went Dalian with my family to spend a nice seaside holiday. On our arriving at Dalian, we were all filled with excitement, since this was our first trip to the seaside. Dalian is an excellent seaside resort indeed. There the sky was clean and bright, the wind was mild and pleasant, the sandy beach was soft and comfortable, and the sea was so magnificent. We felt refreshed at that moment. It seemed as if we traveled in the heaven.
We did many kinds of activities at the seaside. My brother went surfing and swimming in the sea; my dad dived underwater; my mother had a walk along the seashore; my grand parents and I were bathing in the sunshine on the beach, which was really an enjoyable thing. We took many photos of the beautiful scenery on the beach. All of us had a happy time.
The beautiful sea scenery deeply attracted us. We all expected for our next coming. And I should tell you the truth that the seaside holiday was both relaxing and wonderful.
【参考译文】
美丽的海滨城市大连
去年夏天，我和家人在大连的海边度过了一个愉快的假期。到达大连后，我们都很兴奋，因为这是我们第一次去海边旅行。大连的确是一个很好的海滨度假胜地。那里天空晴朗，微风和煦宜人，沙滩柔软舒适，大海波澜壮阔。那一刻我们感到精神振奋。我们好像在天堂旅行。
我们在海边做了许多活动。我哥哥在海里冲浪、游泳；我爸爸在水下潜水；我妈妈沿着海岸散步；我和我的祖父、祖母在海滩上沐浴阳光，这一切真令人愉快。我们拍了许多海滩上美丽景色的照片。全家人都很开心。
美丽的海景深深地吸引了我们，我们都期待着下一次能再来。我告诉你吧，事实上，在海滨度假真是既轻松又美妙。
写作练习一
请根据以下信息，介绍一下爱因斯坦
Name
姓名
阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦
Albert Einstein
place of birth
出生地
Ulm, Germany
德国，乌尔姆市
Time of birth
出生时间
March the 14th, 1897
1897年3月14日
graduate institutions
毕业院校
Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich（ETH Zurich）
苏黎世联邦理工学院
Occupation
职业
physicists, scientists
物理学家、?科学家
Main achievement
主要业绩
discovered the theory of relativity ,
published Special Theory of Relativity
发现了相对论，出版了《狭义相对论》
The awards received
所获得的奖项
won the Nobel Physics Prize in 1921
1921年获诺贝尔物理学奖?
【参考范文】
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein was a great physical scientist, who was famous for theory of relativity. He discovered the theory of relativity which is Einstein's theory concerning space, time, and motion. His discoveries and theories have greatly influenced science in many fields.
Einstein was born in 1879 in Ulm, a city in Germany. As a boy, he was slow to learn to talk, but later in his childhood he showed great curiosity about nature and ability to solve difficult mathematical problems. He was gradusted from ETH Zurich in 1900.
His Special Theory of Relativity was published in1905 and he began to publish a series of papers which shook the whole scientific and intellectual world, and he won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. Albert Einstein was considered the greatest scientist of the 20th century and one of the greatest of all time.
【参考译文】
爱因斯坦
爱因斯坦是一位伟大的物理科学家，以相对论闻名。他发现了相对论，这是爱因斯坦关于空间、时间和运动的理论。他的发现和理论在许多领域对科学产生了重大影响。
爱因斯坦1879年出生于德国乌尔姆市。小时候，他学说话很慢，但在童年后期，他表现出对自然的强烈好奇心和解决数学难题的能力。他于1900年从苏黎世ETH毕业。
他的狭义相对论发表于1905年，他开始发表一系列震撼整个科学和智力世界的论文，并于1921年获得诺贝尔物理学奖。爱因斯坦被认为是20世纪最伟大的科学家，也是有史以来最伟大的科学家之一。
写作练习二
请根据以下展示的有关明代万户的话题内容，介绍一下万户。
1. Who’s Wan Hu?
2. What did he do?
3. How did he make the flying chair?
4. Why did he make the flying chair?
5. Were his efforts successful?
6. What happened in the event?
The answers according to the topics above．
1. Wan Hu was a government official in Ming Dynasty.
2. He invented a flying chair.
3. He attached two big kites to the chair, and 47 rockets to the kites.
4. He make the flying chair to tried to fly to the moon.
5. No. His efforts were not successful.
6. The rockets were lit, there was a huge explosion and clouds of thick smoke. When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.
【参考范文】
Wan Hu, a Hero in Ming Dynasty
Wan Hu was a government official in Ming Dynasty, he invented a flying chair. Most of us are familiar with the story of Wan Hu, who tried to fly to the moon, becoming the world's first "astronaut".
He was the first hero to use rockets to fly into the space in the world. He attached two big kites to the chair, and 47 rockets to the kites. The rockets were lit, there was a huge explosion and clouds of thick smoke. When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.
We don’t know what happened at that time. Wan Hu must die in the explosion. And we wish he might be carried miles into the space, becoming the world's first astronaut.
Though his efforts were unsuccessful, his idea that lifting off with the help of the rocket was the first in the world. He is recognized as the real space ancestor in the whole world .
【参考译文】
明朝英雄万户
万户是明朝的一位政府官员，他发明了一把飞椅。我们大多数人都很熟悉万户的故事，他试图飞向月球，成为世界上第一个“宇航员”。
他是世界上第一个使用火箭飞入太空的英雄。他把两个大风筝放在椅子上，把47个火箭放在风筝上。火箭被点燃了，爆炸声很大，浓烟密布。烟雾散去后，万虎和他的椅子也不见了。我们不知道当时发生了什么。万户一定是死于爆炸。我们希望他能被带到数英里外的太空中，成为世界上第一位宇航员。
尽管他的努力没有成功，但他认为借助火箭升空是世界上第一次。他被公认为全世界真正的太空祖先。
写作练习三
Translate the following into Chinese（英译汉）
1. Harbin is located in the northeast of China, which is the political, economic and cultural center of Heilongjiang province.
哈尔滨位于祖国的东北部，是黑龙江省的政治、经济、文化中心。
2. In winter, you can enjoy the wonderful view of ice lantern.
在冬天，你可以欣赏到冰灯的美妙奇景。
3. The ice and snow cartoon castle will take you to enter into a fairy world.
冰雪卡通城堡会把带你进入一个美妙的童话世界。
4. The city is historical and modern, it has a long history and rich culture.
这座城市是历史和现代的融合，历史悠久、文化丰富。
5. There are many places of interest in the city.
这座城市有许多风景名胜。
6. This place of interest is heavy with history and culture.
这处景点充满了厚重的历史文化。
7. The pagoda is reflected upside down in the water.
宝塔的影子倒立在水里。
8. There an ancient legend in the river of our hometown.
我家乡的那条小河流传着一个古老的传说。
9. Along with the river, we can enjoy a number of beautiful places of interest.
沿着这条江，我们可以欣赏到许多著名的美丽景点。
10. It is a very good summer resort. The sea was as blue as the sky.
那可真是一个非常好的避暑胜地，海天一色，碧水蓝天。
四、Translate the following into English（汉译英）
1. 当他们粘在甲板上欣赏美丽的景色时，西阳正从白塔后面落下。
The sun is setting behind the white pagoda when they stand on the deck to enjoy the beautiful scenery.
2. 长江的历史源远流长。
There was so much history along the Yangtze River.
3. 每一块岩石形象各异，像人、像动物、又像植物。
Every rock looked like a person, an animal or a plant.
4. 每一条河流都流淌着传奇的故事。
Every stream that joined the great river carried its legends.
5. 每一座山岗都承载着厚重的历史。
Every hill was heavy with the past.
6. 我们能欣赏到西阳在白塔后面沉下，很美。
We could see the sun setting behind the white pagoda. It was beautiful.
7. 我们溯流而上、绕道这条美丽之河，观赏了几处小峡谷。
We made a detour up the beautiful river to see some of the smaller gorges.
8. 太阳从东边生起，从西边落下
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
9. 小山岗倒映在水中。
The hills reflected upside down in the water.
10. 那里气候宜人，阳光明媚，空气清新，令人心情舒畅。
The climate is pleasant, the sunshine is bright, the air is fresh and comfortable.
