课件77张PPT。Thank You !课件24张PPT。Thank You !课件40张PPT。Thank You !课件29张PPT。Thank You !专题五 短文改错
短文改错4步曲——先看词法
技法一
注意可数名词单复数，不可数名词要记清，谨防名词所有格
(一)可数名词单复数
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.
解析：chicken→chickens 短语dozens of“许多”，后面接可数名词复数，此处应用chicken的复数形式。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.
解析：sort→sorts all 修饰可数名词sort，应用其复数形式sorts。
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.”
解析：mistake→mistakes 根据语境可知，此处表示“从课本和错误中学习”，mistake是可数名词，错误不止一个，因此用复数形式。
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turn left！”
解析：word→words 根据“Speed up！”“Slow down！”“Turn left！”可知，教练发出了三种指令，故用word的复数形式words。
5．(2016·6月浙江高考)When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I remember well years later.
解析：children→child 根据主语I 和冠词a 可知，此处表示“当我是个孩子时”，故用child的单数形式。
6．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.
解析：year→years 根据“from 13 to 19”可知，year用其复数形式。
7．(2018·太原阶段测评)It is one of the official language of the United Nations to develop more effective communication.
解析：language→languages“one of＋可数名词复数”为固定用法，故此处应用language的复数形式。
8．My favourite sport is swimming, so I decided to go swimming in the sea one afternoon with my friend, Wang Fei and Li Lei.
解析：friend→friends 根据该句中的“Wang Fei and Li Lei”可知，作者和两个朋友一起去游泳了。friend为可数名词，故用复数形式。
(二)熟记不可数名词不可加-s或-es
9．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.
解析：informations→information information为不可数名词，没有复数形式。
10．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.
解析：knowledges→knowledge knowledge意为“知识”，为不可数名词，没有复数形式。
11．(2018·山西八校第一次联考)What’s more, I’d like to do some houseworks so that my parents can have a good rest.
解析：houseworks→housework housework意为“家务”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
12．(2018·赣州十四县市联考)Looking back on the progresses that I have made so far, I really appreciate your support.
解析：progresses→progress progress意为“进步，前进”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
(三)注意名词所有格
13．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night.
解析：Friday’s→Friday 名词Friday修饰night，意为“星期五晚上”。
14．(2018·福州质量检测)But with my teammates encouragement, I was able to communicate smoothly with them.
解析：teammates→teammates’ 由语境“在我的队友们的鼓励下”可知，teammates作定语修饰encouragement，故用其所有格形式。
15．(2018·江西五校第一次联考)In addition, the hostess cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food.
解析：hostess→hostess’ 这里指女主人的厨艺，应用名词所有格。
技法二
代词务必梳理句意，分清句子成分是关键
(一)前后逻辑要一致
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.
解析：us→me 根据语境可知，谈话的宾语是“我”，故us应改为人称代词的宾格me。
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school.
解析：all→both或去掉all Mr.and Mrs.Zhang是两个人，应用both作同位语或去掉all。all指三者或三者以上。
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.
解析：yourself→myself 指代关系不一致，根据语境可知表示“我自己”，反身代词应该与I一致，故把yourself改为myself。
4．(2016·四川高考)Dad cleaned the house, and then went shopping.When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.
解析：her→his 句意：爸爸打扫了房子，然后去购物。当他回来时，我发现他的手里拿了一束花。这里指爸爸的手里拿着花，故将her改为his。
5．(2018·合肥市第一次质量检测)But when I saw many people enjoying myself in the water, my fear was reducing.
解析：myself→themselves enjoy oneself为固定搭配，意为“玩得开心”。此处反身代词代指“many people”，故把myself改为themselves。
(二)仔细分析句子成分
修饰名词常用形容词性物主代词，单独使用常用名词性物主代词，宾语常用代词的宾格；注意反身代词。
6．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I had done myself homework, but I was shy.
解析：myself→my/the 此处意为“我的作业或这次作业”，homework应用形容词性物主代词my或定冠词the修饰。
7．When kids are confused about their problems or difficulties, parents’ active involvement in growth can make a great difference.
解析：growth前加their 此处表示父母积极参与他们(孩子)的成长过程有很大作用，故要在growth前加their(代替kids’)以使语意更加明确。
8．(2018·石家庄检测)I just kept feeling sorry for me.However, after a few days, I decided not to let one single loss keep me from doing what I love.
解析：第一个me→myself 句子的主语是I，“我”为“我自己”感到难过，故要用反身代词。
(三)牢记两组代词区别
many代替可数名词，much代替不可数名词；表示“别的；另外的；其他的”用other，表示“(三者或三者以上)另外的一个”用another。
9．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals.
解析：another→other another“又一，再一”，后接单数可数名词；复数可数名词前用other“其他的，别的”，此处表示“有狗、鸭子，还有其他的动物”，所以应该用other。
10．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.
解析：many→much 此处应用代词much指代much money，作动词cost的宾语；many通常指代可数名词复数。
技法三
冠词认定标志词，兼顾读音和意思
(一)看冠词是否错用
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.
解析：第一个a→an/one hour虽然以辅音字母开头，但h不发音，其读音以元音音素开头，故a改为an。表示“一个半小时”可用an/one hour and a half。
2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Tony saw a toy in a shop window ...Tony was scared and began to cry.A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.
解析：outside后的a→the 特指上文提到的这家商店，因此要用定冠词the。故把a改为the。
3．He was an European billionaire who got everything he wanted.
解析：an→a European的读音以辅音音素开头，故用a。
4．(2018·日照联考)I’m delighted to tell you that our school photograph club is going to hold a International Photograph Show.
解析：a→an 根据单词“International”的读音以元音音素开头可知，此处应用an。
5．(2018·福州八县市一中联考)Thirdly, reading may contribute to finding solutions to our own problems.Finally, reading is a enjoyable experience.
解析：a→an enjoyable是读音以元音音素开头的单词，该处表示泛指，故用不定冠词an。
(二)看冠词是否多余
6．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.
解析：去掉the at first“起初；一开始”，为固定短语。
7．(2018·南昌市一模)I think it’s a great fun and I can make more friends.
解析：去掉a fun意为“乐趣”，为不可数名词，故前面不用冠词a。
8．(2018·石家庄检测二)In addition to these tasks, robots will even be able to play the chess and do exercise with people.
解析：去掉the chess“国际象棋”，表示乐器、棋类、球类运动的名词前不用冠词。
9．Thirdly, you’ll have to share with each other and make the good friends.
解析：去掉the friends为名词复数，表示泛指，其前不需要用冠词。
(三)看冠词是否缺失
10．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.
解析：countryside前加the go to the countryside意为“去农村；去乡下”，是固定搭配。
11．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)In the summer holiday following my eighteenth birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was.
解析：first前加the/my 序数词前应加定冠词the；本句中也可用形容词性物主代词，表示“我(学开车)的第一天”。
12．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If we stay at home, it is comfortable and there is no need to spend money.But in that case，we will learn little about world.
解析：world前加the world是独一无二的事物，前面要加定冠词the。
13．(2016·四川高考)I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.
解析：kitchen前加the 此处表示特指“我”家的厨房，故应用定冠词the。
14．(2018·石家庄检测)But I failed to get one.I was really upset.I felt like failure.
解析：failure前加a “我”感觉自己像是一个“失败的人”。failure作“失败的人或事”时为可数名词，此处表泛指且failure的读音以辅音音素开头，故在其前加a。
技法四
介词记准搭配用法，杜绝多余成分的干扰
(一)看介词搭配是否正确
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)They would say to me that playing card games would help my brain. Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.
解析：for→with play games with sb.意为“和某人一起玩游戏”。
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.
解析：on→of in the middle of ...“在……的中间”。此处意为“道路的中央”，表示所属关系，而on后跟地点表示“在……上面”，故把on改为of。
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I showed them I was independent by wearing strange clothes.Now I am leaving home to college.
解析：to→for leave ...for ...“离开某地到另外一个地方”。故to应改为for。
4．It may result in the demands of modern life and some other reasons.
解析：in→from 此处应表示“由……导致或引起的”，故要用result from。result in“导致”。
5．(2019·东北三省四市一模)I realized the experience was in great value and nothing was more exciting than communicating with people.
解析：in→of be of great value为固定搭配，意为“很有意义”。
(二)看介词是否多余或缺失
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies.
解析：去掉第二个of realize表示“认识到，意识到”是及物动词，其后直接跟how引导的宾语从句，故其后的介词of多余。
7．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.
解析：dreams后加of dream of doing sth.“梦想做某事”，为固定用法。
8．(2018·太原二模)Just being active, like when you run around at outside or play basketball at school, is a type of exercise.
解析：去掉第一个at outside为副词，意为“在外面”，可直接作状语，其前不需要介词，故应去掉介词at。
9．(2018·武汉市武昌区调研)As a matter of fact, a great many of big companies in our city are hoping to employ people like you.
解析：去掉第二个of a great many是固定短语，意思是“大量的”，修饰可数名词，后面直接接可数名词的复数形式，不用加介词of。
10．Therefore, I think it’s a good idea for you to return.So what are you waiting？
解析：waiting后加for wait是不及物动词，接宾语时要加介词for，本句中waiting for的宾语是疑问代词what。
11．(2018·安徽名校联考)In the end, I managed to reach on the top of the mountain.
解析：去掉on 句意：最后，我成功到达了山顶。reach为及物动词，后面直接接地点，不用介词。
12．(2018·昆明检测)Certainly, it was an interesting experience! I would thank for those who encouraged me to experience this kind act.
解析：去掉for thank是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语，所以应去掉for。
13．One day when I was on my way to home from school, I found a building on fire.Immediately I called the firefighters.
解析：去掉to on one’s way home意为“在某人回家的路上”。
14．(2018·江西五校第一次联考)I’m very glad to receive your e-mail asking for information about the host family we have arranged you to stay with.
解析：arranged后加for arrange for sb.to do sth.意为“安排某人做某事”，为固定搭配。
15．A big storm destroyed two villages in South Africa on last Friday, causing 4 deaths.
解析：去掉on Friday前有last修饰，前面不用介词。
技法五
形容词副词容易考，成分分析最重要
(一)分析句子成分，看形容词副词是否用错
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved.
解析：happily→happy 本句中felt是系动词，意为“觉得”，后面应用形容词作表语，故happily应改为happy。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.” Immediate, I raised my hand.
解析：Immediate→Immediately 此处为副词作状语，修饰后面的动作raised my hand。
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)A few minutes late，the instructor asked me to stop the car.
解析：late→later late意为“迟，晚”。“一段时间＋later”表示“一段时间之后”，故把late改为later。
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.
解析：suddenly→sudden 该句中的stop是名词，应用形容词修饰，所以把suddenly改为sudden。
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, which is on the rooftop of their house.
解析：interesting→interested 此处是描述主语they的心理状态， be interested in“对……感兴趣”。
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought some gardening tools.
解析：earlier→early 修饰动词或动词短语需用副词，且此处叙述他们经常早起这一事实，没有比较的含义，所以用副词early的原级。
7．First, parents can be close connected with their children through regular communication.
解析：close→closely 此处表示“紧密地联系在一起”，要用副词closely。注意：close作副词时表示距离或者时间上“接近”。
8．Second, parents’ instruction seems to be very importance to their children’ growth.
解析：importance→important 根据前面的“seems to be very”可知此处要用形容词important作表语。
9．For one reason, what you are studying is bad needed nowadays in China.
解析：bad→badly 修饰动词needed，要用副词，而不能用形容词。
10．(2018·昆明检测)It made me delighting that people loved it! Many smiles, free hugs, and photos brought a city of strangers together.
解析：delighting→delighted delight意为“使高兴”，它的形容词有两种形式：delighting“令人高兴的”，一般修饰物，delighted“高兴的”，一般形容人。此处表示“人们喜欢它使我高兴”，形容的是人，所以把delighting改为delighted。
(二)根据语境特殊词汇巧辨比较级结构
11．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I had done my homework, but I was shy. I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.
解析：larger→large 此处指一大群人，与上下文无比较关系。因此将larger改为large。
12．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)They were also the best and worse years in my life.
解析：worse→worst 根据并列连词and前用了最高级“the best”可知，应用最高级worst修饰years。
13．(2015·陕西高考)My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help.
解析：better→best 根据该句中的“in the world”及前面的the可知，此处应用形容词的最高级。
14．(2018·广州调研)Salesmen and waiters are two of the much common jobs that students try to find during the summer months.
解析：much→most 该处指“最常见的”，故用最高级。
15．(2018·太原二模)By using your muscles to do powerful things, you can make them strong than before.
解析：strong→stronger 根据“than”可知此处应用比较级形式，故strong改为stronger。
技法六
非谓语动词不太难，分析成分、看准搭配是关键
(一)看句型/动词搭配是否正确，介词宾语是否为动名词形式
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.
解析：sell→selling 此处动词位于介词by后，应用动名词形式，故sell改为selling。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious.
解析：eager后加to be eager to do sth.意为“渴望做某事”。
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When summer comes, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables！
解析：pick 前加to invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”。
4．(2018·洛阳市第一次统考)They think that my story is well worth read and that I am good at writing.I believe I will achieve my dream.
解析：read→reading be worth doing sth.“值得做某事”，故应把read改为reading。
5．(2018·郑州第一次质量预测)We’re never going to have enough time explore everything！
解析：time后加to 句意：我们永远不会有足够的时间去探索一切。have time to do sth.意为“有时间去做某事”，为固定搭配，故在time后加to。
6．(2018·郑州第一次质量预测)Then someone said, “Why not trying the cave dwellings (住宅) here？” We thought he was joking, but here we are really in a cave dwelling and it’s wonderful.
解析：trying→try 此处为why not句式，why not后跟动词原形。
(二)谓语动词与非谓语动词是否混用
7．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.
解析：wait→waiting 分析句子结构可知，was为谓语动词，主语Everyone与wait之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语，表示伴随，因此将wait 改成waiting。
8．Besides, there is a long holiday waits for me after the College Entrance Examination.And I can travel anywhere I like then.
解析：waits→waiting 分析句子结构可知，wait与其逻辑主语holiday之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。
9．(2018·广州调研)They send letters to businesses, going to job interviews, and ask their friends and relatives for help.
解析：going→go 根据语境可知，该句陈述的是当前的行为，且此处与send, ask并列作谓语，故应用动词原形。
10．Locating in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood, the house is big enough to enable you to have a room of your own.
解析：Locating→Located (be) located in ...意为“坐落于……”，为固定短语，在句中作状语，故应用Located。
11．(2018·湖北八校第一次联考)Second, seeing a film, listening to music or hang out with our friends will also be exciting.
解析：hang→hanging 句意：第二，看电影、听音乐或者和朋友们出去玩也会令人很兴奋。分析句子结构可知，谓语will also be前面的部分为主语；由seeing a film, listening to music可以判断，hang out与它们并列，也应当用动名词作主语。
(三)分词作定语时是否混用
12．At dinner, we said to her, “Happy Mother’s Day！” Mom was grateful and moving.
解析：moving→moved 句意：吃饭的时候，我们跟妈妈说：“母亲节快乐！”妈妈很感激也很感动。moving和moved都是由动词move演变来的形容词，moving表示“(物或事)令人感动的”，moved表示“(人)感动的”。
13．(2018·赣州十四县市联考)However, what still makes me puzzling is how to make my dream to go to a top university come true.
解析：puzzling→puzzled puzzled是过去分词充当形容词，在句子中作宾语补足语，修饰人，意为“困惑的”。
技法七
熟记情态动词后跟动词原形的用法
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not to let me.
解析：去掉not后的to 情态动词would表示意愿，后接动词原形。
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.
解析：chose→choose 在情态动词can之后应用动词原形，故把chose改为choose。
3．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)We must found ways to protect our environment.
解析：found→find 情态动词must后应用动词原形。
1．名词用法要记牢
(1)看到名词，思考它在句子中的成分；
(2)看到名词，思考它是否是可数名词；
(3)看到名词，思考它的单复数是否正确，与修饰语是否一致；
(4)progress, fun, information, news, advice等词是不可数名词，没有复数，其前不用不定冠词。
2．代词前后要一致
(1)看到代词，思考它与指代内容是否一致；
(2)看到代词，思考它的数、所有格是否正确；
(3)看到不定代词，思考它的含义、特点、作用及与其他相近不定代词的区别。
3．冠词用法较灵活，特殊用法要记牢
(1)体会the的特指意义和a/an泛指意义很重要
①若不可数名词不加冠词，则可表泛指；
②若复数名词不加冠词，则可表泛指；
③若单数名词与the连用，则可表特指；
④若单数名词与a/an连用，则可表泛指；
⑤若上下文共指或语境特指，则可用the。
(2)序数词和最高级形式标志要抓牢
序数词和最高级形式前用定冠词the。
注意：序数词表“再一，又一”时前用不定冠词；最高级形式表“非常的”意思时前用不定冠词。
4．介词用法要分清
(1)看到介词，思考与动词搭配是否正确；及物动词后可直接跟宾语，无需加介词；不及物动词不可直接跟宾语，其后要加上相应的介词才能跟宾语。
(2)看到介词，思考与名词搭配是否正确。
(3)留意特殊词。如attitude后加to; leave ...for ...; in all directions; from ... to ...; answer/key/note/solution/approach后加介词to等。
5．细心判定形容词和副词
(1)若作定语、表语、补语，则用形容词。
(2)若修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，则用副词。
6．精准判断非谓语动词
(1)理清两种逻辑关系——主谓和动宾
主谓和动宾关系是处理非谓语动词过去分词和现在分词的相关问题的关键。
(2)牢记一个重要标志——介词
介词就是标志，后接动名词形式。
(3)看牢一个简单单词——to
注意不定式符号to的多余或缺失。
注意两类词：一是使役动词make, let, have (get除外)；二是感官动词see, notice, find, hear, feel ...后面跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。
(4)看到并列结构，则并列词前后形式保持一致。
(5)看到非谓语动词修饰人，则多使用动词-ed形式作定语；看到非谓语动词修饰物，多使用动词-ing形式作定语，但看到smile, face, tears, look等，多使用动词-ed形式作定语。
(6)注意to的介词用法：有些动词短语中的to是介词，后需接动词-ing形式，如look forward to, be/get/become used to, be devoted to, pay attention to, when it comes to, stick to等。
(7)熟知何种情况下使用动词原形：如助动词、情态动词后，有suggest, require等词的从句中，在make, let等使役动词以及see, hear等感官动词后作宾语补足语的动词。
一、
单句对点练——练明考点
1.(2018·武汉市武昌区调研)For another reason, it will be much more convenient for you to look after your parent as they are getting old.
解析：parent→parents 根据从句中的“they are”可知，此处要用parent的复数形式。
2．From this experience I’ve gained several skill for interviewing people as a journalist.
解析：skill→skills several修饰可数名词的复数形式。
3．(2018·昆明检测)We shared a moment of cosplay and happy.I even danced with the crowd.
解析：happy→happiness 由“happy”前的“and”可知，and后与cosplay(名词，动漫角色扮演)为并列结构，词性应相同，所以把happy改为happiness。
4．Some work to help pay their school expenses, others work to gain experience in their chosen professions; still others work just for the funny of it.
解析：funny→fun 根据该句中的定冠词the可知，该处应用名词fun，表示“乐趣”。
5．(2018·惠州第二次调研)Despite of serious illness, he overcame all difficulties and was admitted to Tsinghua University with high marks.
解析：去掉of 此处表示“尽管得了严重的疾病”，despite“尽管”后跟宾语时不需带of。
6．The moment I warned Xiao Ming to take care of, the ice broke and he slipped into the water.
解析：去掉of take care后有宾语时才需加上介词of。
7．(2018·日照联考)It will start from June 15 in next month and last three weeks.
解析：去掉in “next month”在句中作状语，其前不用介词，故删除in。
8．(2018·长沙名校第二阶段诊断)However, parents shouldn’t ignore a significance of accompanying their children.
解析：a→the 此处特指陪伴孩子的重要性，故要用定冠词the。
9．(2019·东北三省四市一模)I was often troubled by lack of confidence.So I applied for a job at an exhibition as reporter last term.
解析：reporter前加a reporter“记者”为可数名词，此处指“一名记者”，表示泛指，用不定冠词a。
10．(2018·长沙第一次联考)After I finished, I returned to my seat.My heart rate was fast than ever until Miss Brown said “Well done”．
解析：fast→faster 根据形容词fast后的“than ever”可知，此处应用fast的比较级形式。
11．(2018·湖北八校第一次联考)First, we can visit our relatives and friends or spend a happily time with our family.
解析：happily→happy 句意：首先，我们能拜访我们的亲朋好友，或者和家人一起度过快乐的时光。修饰句中的名词time用形容词。
12．(2018·太原阶段测评)Chinese is one of the world’s most widely spoken languages.There are much different types of Chinese.
解析：much→many 根据下文的可数名词复数“types”可知，此处应用many修饰。
13．On the other hand, you will have a good mood and enjoy being together.There are several ways create and maintain a harmonious dormitory life.
解析：ways后加to way后用不定式to do作后置定语，表示“做某事的方法”。
14．(2018·江西五校第一次联考)Because all the family members can speak fluent English and have outgoing personalities, I’m sure you will have no trouble communicate with them.
解析：communicate→communicating have no trouble (in) doing sth.意为“做某事没有困难”，为固定搭配。
15．(2018·太原阶段测评)In the early twenty century, a government language policy created Modern Standard Chinese, which is now the official language of China.
解析：twenty→twentieth 此处应用序数词表示“在20世纪早期”。
二、
仿真综合练——练通高考
A
(2018·太原二模) Do you believe love is the most important？In the early twenty century, homeless people were often brought up in orphanages, in that they received little love.At one time, Dr. Skeels took twelve children from an orphanage or had a young girl look them each day.He also studied another twelve children who are left in the orphanage all day long. He followed these children not until they grew up, and the results were shocked. The children staying all day in the orphanage were either dead or suffering from serious illnesses.However, the twelve children loved by the girl were all healthy and independently.The only difference between the life of these children — the love, made a great difference to us.
答案：第二句：twenty→twentieth; that→which
第三句：or→and; look后加after
第四句：are→were
第五句：去掉not; shocked→shocking
第七句：independently→independent
第八句：life→lives; us→them
B
(2018·陕西检测) John went to a doctor because his wife is ill.He called the doctor and made sure they would meet in five.He was arrived at 4：40 and stopped his car before the doctor’s.
He thought it was good to keep the time.He looked around and saw a noise square not far.So she went over to enjoy the last light of an afternoon sun.He saw some children playing happily. Twenty minute later, he hurried to the doctor’s.The doctor asked him angry，“Why did you keep me wait for an hour？” John looked at his watch carefully again and showed “six o’clock”．
答案：第一句：is→was
第二句：in→at
第三句：去掉was
第五句：noise→noisy
第六句：she→he; an→the
第八句：minute→minutes
第九句：angry→angrily; wait→waiting
第十句：and后加it
C
(2018·郑州第一次质量预测) Last year my class went on the trip to the mountains for skiing.We have already been to the same place the year before and it had been a wonderfully experience.
When we arrived at there, it had snowed heavily the day before and there were terrible storm.At breakfast the next day, everyone there told us not to go skiing because of the bad weather, but we decide to go anyway.When we got to the mountain top, that started snowing again.The hotel had given us some sandwiches to take along, so we ate them since we were waiting for the weather to improve.But it didn’t and soon we really felt very frightening.Luckily, I had my cell phone in my bag.I called the emergency services, at last they sent a helicopter to save us.
答案：第一句：第一个the→a
第二句：have→had; wonderfully→wonderful
第三句：去掉at; storm→storms
第四句：decide→decided
第五句：that→it
第六句：since→while/when/as
第七句：frightening→frightened
第九句：at前加and
短文改错4步曲——再看句法
技法一
明确定语从句类型，关系词要分清
(一)确定先行词人或物，辨别关系词成分
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)They also had a small pond which they raised fish.
解析：which→where或which前加in 本句是含有定语从句的复合句，先行词是pond，引导词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导，相当于in which，故which改为where或在其前加in。
2. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.
解析：they→that/which 分析句子结构可知， the things是先行词，其后是定语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，故引导词应用that或which。
3．(2016·四川高考)The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favorite.
解析：what→that/which或去掉what 先行词为The dishes，且定语从句中cooked后缺少宾语，故应用that或which引导定语从句，因其在从句中作宾语，也可省略关系代词。
4．(2018·陕西西安八校联考)I am a 25-year-old young man which graduated from the Foreign Languages Department of Jilin University.
解析：which→who/that 本句中含有定语从句，先行词为man，指人，且在从句中作主语，应用who或that引导。
5．There are many people think that wealth is better than health.
解析：think前加who或think→thinking 分析句子结构可知，people后为定语从句，先行词为many people，故用who引导该定语从句；因many people和think之间是主谓关系，也可以用现在分词thinking作many people的后置定语。
6．(2018·湖北武汉高三调考)At noon, we play Room Escape, an interesting game what challenged our IQ and teamwork.
解析：what→that/which 此定语从句中先行词是game，引导词代替先行词并在句中作主语，故用that或which。
7．He thanked me and jumped quickly in his car and drove off, keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it.
解析：someone后加who someone后的部分为定语从句，修饰someone，指人，应用who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语。
8．(2018·吉林省吉大附中模拟)From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge helps us to seek the truth.
解析：bridge后加that/which 分析句子结构可知，本句主语为I，谓语为have learnt，that引导宾语从句，作learnt的宾语，can serve为宾语从句的谓语，与helps之间无连词连接，由此可判断，bridge后为定语从句，先行词为bridge，指物，在从句中作主语，故用that或which引导该从句。
(二)搞清限制与非限制
9．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.
解析：that→which 分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代their garden，应用which。
10．Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.
解析：that→which that不能引导非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语应用which。
11．This woman has set a good example to her son, whom is a really lucky guy.
解析：whom→who 分析句子结构可知，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为her son，关系代词在从句中作主语，故用who。
12．One day, Margaret told me her grandma was coming and her parents would want my basement room back, what didn’t surprise me.
解析：what→which 分析句子结构可知，应用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容，且在从句中作主语。
13．Altogether I had five roommates, two of which arrived later.
解析：which→whom 分析句子结构可知，应用whom引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作介词of的宾语，修饰先行词five roommates。
14．(2018·江西五校第一次联考)Above all, they hosted an American student last year, through that they gained lots of experience.
解析：that→which 在定语从句中，介词后跟关系代词which/whom。结合语境可知，关系词表示前面整件事，故将that改为which。
15．(2018·湖北八校第一次联考)Finally, it is necessary for us to do some housework, that can help our parents a lot.
解析：that→which 分析句子结构可知，housework后的句子为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代主句的内容，且在从句中作主语，故用which引导该定语从句。
技法二
明确名词性从句类型，句子成分要对应
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.
解析：that→where close to后接宾语从句， I live缺少地点状语，故用where引导宾语从句。
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.
解析：how→what 分析句子结构可知，talking about后为“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”的结构作宾语，且从句中的do后缺宾语，故应用连接代词what作动词do的宾语。
3．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.
解析：where→that或去掉where found后是一个宾语从句，在从句his parents were missing中不缺成分且意思完整，故用that引导，that也可省略。
4．I think that accepting failure is that we need to do first before we succeed eventually.
解析：第二个that→what 分析句子结构可知，此处为表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故将that改为what。that引导表语从句时，只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分。
5．(2018·广西桂林百色模拟)Looking back on which I’ve done will give me some ideas of how to rearrange my time.
解析：which→what 句意：回顾我所做的事情会让我知道如何重新安排我的时间。分析句子结构可知，on后为宾语从句，连接词既引导宾语从句，也作宾语从句中done的宾语，故用what引导该宾语从句。
6．(2018·湖南长郡中学模拟)But they couldn’t understand what she said.I went to the woman and asked her that was happening.
解析：that→what 分析句子结构可知，that was happening是宾语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，故将that改为what。
技法三
状语从句结构长，意思、逻辑要思量
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
解析：where→when 根据语境可知，父母是在我小时候教我玩纸牌的，I was a child表示的是时间而非地点，所以此处应用when引导时间状语从句。
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to where I live.Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area.
解析：去掉but though不能和but连用，though引导的让步状语从句是一个省略句，不能再省略，故去掉but。
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.
解析：whenever后加I 句意：最终，我还是会一个人，但我仍然想在我需要帮助的任何时候有父母可以求助。分析句子成分可知， whenever引导时间状语从句，而从句缺少主语， 故加I作从句的主语。
4．(2015·浙江高考)If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.
解析：If→Although/Though 句意：虽然我在那个教室学习时还是个孩子，但是我永远都忘不了它。分析句子结构可知，前面从句表示对主句的让步，并不存在条件关系。
5．One day, I was skiing down a mountain while I saw a girl aged about 15 who had fallen.
解析：while→when be doing sth.when ...意为“正在做某事，突然……”。故将while改为when。
6．It happens such often that we end up taking our parents for granted.
解析：such→so 在so/such ...that ...句型中，so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词。此处修饰副词，故用so。
7．In my opinion, you should come back before you finish your study abroad.
解析：before→after 根据语境可知，在你完成了国外的学习之后，你应该回来。此处应用连词after表示“在……之后”。
8．Time passes quickly, doesn’t it? It is three years when I became a high school student.
解析：when→since “it is＋时间段＋since＋过去时”为固定句型，意为“做某事多久了”，故用since引导时间状语从句。
9．You will have to attend the meeting if you’re free or busy.
解析：if→whether 引导让步状语从句，表示“是否”之意，且与or连用时，应用whether。
10．(2018·洛阳市第一次统考)I have been writing from I was nine years old.
解析：from→since 此处表示从9岁开始“我”就一直写作。since意为“自……以来”，用来引导时间状语从句。
技法四
虚拟语气、主谓一致和强调句型，标志和意思要兼顾
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.
解析：include→includes 考查主谓一致。该句为一般现在时，that指代learning，谓语动词应用单数形式。
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.
解析：can→should或去掉can 句意：有些同学建议我们去附近的名胜。suggest作“建议”讲，后面的宾语从句应该用虚拟语气，从句谓语的形式是“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略，但不能换成其他的情态动词。
3．(2016·6月浙江高考)He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.
解析：was→were 句意：他会问我们是谁，并且假装不认识我们。ask后的宾语从句的主语是we，所以谓语动词用复数，因为主句用了would ask，所以谓语动词用过去时，故把was改为were。
4．(2015·四川高考)What do you think I should do？If you are me, would you talk to them？
解析：are→were 根据语境可知，此处if引导的虚拟条件句是对现在事实的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词应用过去式。
5．(2018·福建福州十三中期中考试)About one thousand graduates took exams for it, but only a few was chosen and I was one of them.
解析：第一个was→were 根据主语only a few可知，谓语动词应用复数形式。
6．(2018·广州调研)Reasons for wanting a summer job differs from student to student.
解析：differs→differ 该句主语为Reasons，为复数形式，故谓语动词也应用复数形式。
7．A few minutes later, our house fell down.I managed to climb out, but much to my shock, one of my boys were missing.
解析：were→was “one of＋可数名词复数”意为“……之一”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
8．All of us listened attentively and answered questions correctly.The smile on her face suggested that she be satisfied with our performance.
解析：be→was 这里的suggest不表示“建议”，而是表示“显示，表明”，故后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气，而应用陈述语气。
9．(2018·豫北名校质量评估)She demanded that I did something else with that money.
解析：did→do demand “要求”后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句中的谓语动词使用“(should＋)do”的形式，其中should可以省略。故把did改为do。
10．(2018·惠州第二次调研)It is not only the inspiring story but also the warmth from the university which attracts the public’s attention.
解析：which→that 句意：正是他鼓舞人心的经历和来自这所大学的温暖吸引了公众的注意。本句为强调句型“It be＋被强调部分＋that/who ...”，故把which改为that。
1．重点关注定语从句常考点
(1)定语从句中关系代词(副词)的选择取决于句子缺少何种成分和意义是否完整；
(2)that不能引导非限制性定语从句；非限制性定语从句指物用which；
(3)which在引导非限制性定语从句时，可代表主句内容；
(4)where在定语从句中充当(抽象)地点状语；why在定语从句中作原因状语，when在定语从句中作时间状语。
2．悟“一个中心、两个基本点”，解名词性从句
(1)“一个中心”：从句的类型
①若从句是陈述句，则用that引导；
②若从句是一般疑问句，则用whether/if引导；
③若从句是特殊疑问句，则用what, who, which, whose, whom, how, when, where, why等引导。
(2)“两个基本点”
①根据从句的位置，确定从句的类型；
②掌握名词性从句引导词在用法上的区别，尤其是that, what, which在用法上的区别。
3．明晰连词功能，确定答案不用怀疑
如how是副词，作状语；what是代词，可作主语和宾语。
4．虚拟语气注意意义
(1)在虚拟语气中，关键词的意义和“句意”是判断是否为虚拟语气的重点，解决此类问题要重点考虑时间、主从句结构两个方面。
(2)suggest表示“建议”，insist表示“坚持认为”的时候用虚拟语气，从句用“(should＋)动词原形”构成，should可以省略。
(3)if后的句子是不真实的假设，用虚拟语气，与现在相反用一般过去时，与过去相反用过去完成时；否则，要遵循“主将从现”的原则。
5．关注特殊句式的易错点
主谓搭配是否一致、There be结构的含义及be动词的选择、倒装句中助动词的选择和时态的运用、强调句式的运用、省略句中动词形式的运用以及祈使句中句首为动词原形，后半句往往用将来时等需考生重点关注。
一、
单句对点练——练明考点
1.(2018·日照联考)I know you take good pictures and you’ve always wanted to do something what interests you.
解析：what→that 分析句子结构可知，something后的句子为定语从句，先行词为something，故只能用that引导该定语从句，that作从句的主语。
2．As is known to all, a harmonious dormitory life is important to college students and benefit all the members.
解析：benefit→benefits 本句的主语是“a harmonious dormitory life”，为第三人称单数，故用benefits。
3．(2018·合肥市第一次质量检测)It was in a hot summer holiday which I visited Qingdao port city in Shandong Province.
解析：which→that 分析句子结构可知，该句使用了强调句结构“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子的其他成分”；该句被强调的部分是时间状语“in a hot summer holiday”，故此处用that。
4．Tomorrow we’re going to visit a palace in Granada.We’re enjoying it very much that we don’t want to leave this amazing place.
解析：very→so so ...that ...“如此……以至于……”为固定搭配，引导结果状语从句。
5．(2018·长沙名校第二阶段诊断)So just dropping your work and cell phones to enjoy the pleasure of company.
解析：dropping→drop 分析句子结构可知，本句是祈使句，故用动词原形。
6．(2018·福州八县市一中联考)It is strongly suggested that our spare time is made full use of to read as much as possible.
解析：第二个is→be suggest表示“建议”，后接宾语从句时，该从句应用虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词用“(should＋)do”。故用动词原形be。
7．Today the world is paying much more attention to that China says and does.
解析：that→what 句中to为介词，故后面跟的是宾语从句，引导词在从句中作“says and does”的宾语，故应用what。
8．Travelling abroad, you should follow the customs of the country where you are visiting.
解析：where→that/which “...you are visiting”为定语从句修饰先行词the country，从句中缺少宾语。
9．(2019·山东菏泽一模)As is known to us all, some students have breakfast regularly while others don’t. There is several reasons.
解析：第二个is→are 句意：众所周知，一些学生有规律地吃早餐而其他学生并非如此。这有几个原因。there be句型中，be要和后面的主语保持一致，本句中several reasons为复数形式，故将is改为are。
10．(2018·福建福州八中高三质检)Therefore, it was no doubt that I was left alone, suffering from loneliness and failure.
解析：it→there there is no doubt that ...是固定句型，意为“毫无疑问……”。
11．(2018·湖南株洲教学质量检测)How an interesting country to live in！
解析：How→What 分析句子结构可知，该句为感叹句，由感叹句常用句型“What＋a(n)＋adj.＋n.”可知应把How改为What。如用How引导应把冠词an放在形容词interesting之后。
12．(2018·山西重点中学协作体一模)When taken exams, we sometimes cheat in order to get good results to make our parents and teachers pleased.
解析：taken→taking 句意：当我们参加考试时，为了取得好结果来使我们的父母和老师高兴，我们有时会作弊。该从句为省略句，将句子补全后为：When we are taking exams ...时间状语从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可将从句主语和be动词去掉，故将taken改为taking。
13．Each student learn a foreign language, mostly English, from day one of their compulsory education (义务教育)．
解析：learn→learns 主语是Each student，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
14．(2018·吉林长春外国语学校第二次质检)You are the most considerate person who know exactly what I need in our class.
解析：know→knows know是定语从句中的谓语动词，由于先行词person是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
15．Just as the old saying goes, “Happiness lies in contentment.” Only in this way we relax ourselves and achieve more progress.
解析：way后加can/will 当“only＋状语”位于句首时，要用部分倒装。
二、
仿真综合练——练通高考
A
(2018·济南高考模拟) This morning, when I was walking in the street, I saw two traveler were reading a map, looked puzzled.It seemed that we were lost.I went up them and asked how I could help.They told me that they were looking for the Temple of Heaven.I lead them to a nearby bus stop and advised them to take Bus No.20, that could take them there directly.They appreciated my help great.Before long, the bus pulled out.They got on a bus and waved goodbye to me.Seeing them on the bus, and I felt a kind of satisfaction.
答案：第一句：traveler→travelers; looked→looking
第二句：we→they
第三句：up后加to
第五句：lead→led; that→which
第六句：great→greatly
第七句：out→in
第八句：a→the
第九句：去掉and
B
It was my grandfather’s birthday on last Friday.Early in the morning, my parents and I set off for the department store to look at a gift.Eventually a warm sweater is bought. To give my grandpa a surprise, I decided to baking a birthday cake.With mom’s help, it still took me a long time when it was my first homemade cake.The moments the cake was out the oven, the celebration began. Watch Grandpa enjoy the cake, I got a greatly sense of achievement.We took a picture of the whole family to record the happiness moment.
答案：第一句：去掉on
第二句：at→for
第三句：is→was
第四句：baking→bake
第五句：when→because/as
第六句：moments→moment; out后加of
第七句：Watch→Watching; greatly→great
第八句：happiness→happy
C
(2018·湖北七市联考) My name is Lisa, one of you great friends.Glad to see you’ve made rapid progresses in learning Chinese but I am writing to tell you about our next lesson.The lesson will be gave from 3：00 to 5：00 in the afternoon of March 20th in Classroom 301.In the class, what you will mainly learn is Tang Poetry, deep loved by Chinese people.In order to make easy for you to go through the class, you’d better to make full preparations before class.And you should have a brief understanding of the history of the Tang Dynasty, during that several poets became famous.
I am looking forward to meet you!
答案：第一句：you→your
第二句：progresses→progress; but→and
第三句：gave→given; 第一个in→on
第四句：deep→deeply
第五句：make后加it; 去掉better后的to
第六句：that→which
第七句：meet→meeting
短文改错4步曲——再查逻辑
技法一
文意疏通逻辑顺
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed.
解析：but→and “我计划每两年回(乡下的爷爷奶奶家)一次”与“我父亲同意了”之间是顺承关系，不表示转折，故将but改为and。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ) Everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.
解析：and→or 主语是Everyone，此处表示选择而非并列关系，因此应是“读他或她的段落”。因此and改为or。
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.
解析：so→but/yet 句意：上车之前，我以为我已经学会了教练的指令，但一旦我启动了汽车，我的大脑变得一片空白。根据语境可知，前后内容之间表示转折含义，应该用转折连词but或yet。
4．(2018·石家庄检测)However, after a few days, I decided not to let one single loss keep me from doing what I love.But I cheered up and devoted myself to singing again.
解析：But→So 上一句说的是“我决定不让一次失败阻止我做自己喜欢做的事情”，下文是“我振作起来，重新投入唱歌中”，这两句话之间是因果关系，且为前因后果，故将But 改为So。
5．We’re on holiday in Spain now.We spent a few days in Barcelona first.It’s a great place but we had a good time though I didn’t feel well one day.
解析：but→and 此处表示：这是一个很棒的地方，而且我们玩得很开心。根据语境可知前后内容之间是并列关系，故将but改为and。
6．(2018·太原阶段测评)While someone from the north of China may need the speech of someone from the south interpreted, but it is not usually necessary to have written documents translated.
解析：去掉but 句首While意为“尽管，虽然”，不能和but连用。
技法二
固定结构记心中
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I have grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.
解析：and→but not only ...but also ...意为“不但……而且……”，连接并列成分，为固定结构。
2．(2016·四川高考)Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mother’s Day.We got up early in the morning ...
解析：or→and both ...and ...“两者都……”，是固定结构。
3．(2018·石家庄市高三质量检测)He liked the toy very much that he quickly walked into the shop.
解析：very→so 此处为“so ...that ...”固定结构引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。
4．(2018·长沙市统一模拟考试)It was not long after he became used to the life there.
解析：after→before It was not long before ...“没过多久就……”。
5．(2018·武汉市武昌区模拟)They rushed out on the moment they heard the shout for help.
解析：去掉on the moment引导时间状语从句，相当于as soon as。
6．(2018·山东省六校联考)The more choices you have, the best your decisions will be.
解析：best→better the more ..., the better ...为“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构，意为“越……，就越……”。
技法三
是非前后要分清
1.(2015·浙江高考)Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around it.Farther in the distance, I could not enjoy the view of snowy mountains.
解析：去掉not 结合上下文可知，此处表达肯定的意思，所以应去掉否定词not。
2．(2018·广东省七校联考)It’s difficult for teenagers like us to keep a balance between a part-time job and our study, so you need worry too much.
解析：need后加not 分析上下文语境可知，后一分句表示“因此你不必过于担心”，所以此处应用否定形式。
3．(2018·山西省八校联考)Try to find a job that can combine your hobbies with your job, which will make your work more boring.
解析：more→less 根据主句可知，这里指找一份不那么枯燥的工作。
4．(2018·合肥市质检)It’s a good chance to improve my English so I want to take part. I am very excited but nervous because I have no experience and don’t suffer from stage fright.
解析：去掉don’t 根据“I have no experience”及“suffer from”可知，后一分句用肯定形式。
5．(2018·潍坊模拟)During the past two weeks, we have studied in the same classroom and lived in the same dormitory, which has enabled us not to know each other better.
解析：去掉not 根据主句可知后面的定语从句应用肯定形式。
1．逻辑意义前后通，否定肯定要分清
(1)在做短文改错题时应根据前后语境判断是并列关系、选择关系还是转折关系，然后确定用哪个并列连词。
(2)否定副词除了not外，还有hardly/never/seldom/rarely/scarcely/neither/nor/no等。
(3)unless的翻译方法。
不要简单翻译成“除非……”来理解句子意思，而要翻译成“如果不……”来避免跳进句意陷阱。
(4)句间多连词，一些受汉语影响的错误，如though/although ...but, because/since/as ...so等，一般去掉后面的连词but和so。
2．熟记并列连词用法
(1)若表示并列，则使用and, both ... and ..., not ...but ..., either ...or ..., neither ...nor ..., not only ...but also ...；
(2)若表示选择，则使用or；
(3)若表示转折，则使用but；
(4)若表示原因，则使用for；
(5)若表示结果，则使用so；
(6)若表示对比，则使用while。
一、
单句对点练——练明考点
1.(2018·湖南长郡中学模拟)I told the firefighters about it at once, but they immediately ran into the building and rescued the little girl.
解析：but→and 根据语境可知，前后句之间为顺承关系，故将but改为and。
2．(2019·东北三省四市一模)One lady even praised me but asked her son to learn from me.
解析：but→and praised和asked之间是并列关系，用and。
3．In my spare time, I often read some books written by famous writers in or abroad.
解析：or→and in and abroad固定词组，意为“国内外”，故此处应用and表示“和”。
4．In addition, parents’ love shown in this way can also help their children strengthen confidence or hold a positive life attitude.
解析：or→and 此处指帮助孩子增强自信并对生活持积极态度，前后内容之间是并列关系而不是选择关系，故用and不用or。
5．(2016·四川高考)Mom has a full-time job, so she has to do most of the housework.
解析：so→but 前后句之间为转折关系，故应用but连接。
6．Should I tell him the truth, and should I pay to repair it？I wish for your advice.
解析：and→or 根据语境可知，两个问句之间表示逻辑上的选择关系，故用连词or。
7．It was an extremely dark, lonely country road.Neither a single person or any traffic was in sight at all.
解析：or→nor 此处指既看不到一个人，也根本看不到一辆车。neither ...nor ...为固定搭配，意为“既不……也不……”。
8．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.
解析：but→and 由句意可知comfortable与“no need to spend money”之间是顺承关系，而非转折关系。
9．Standing on the Great Wall, I felt very proud.I thought of the old saying that “One who fails to reach the Great Wall is not a hero.” Although I was tired, but I really had a good time.
解析：去掉but或but→yet although不能和but连用，但能和yet连用。
10．(2018·郑州第一次质量预测)She was born into a poor family or she worked very hard to be successful.
解析：or→and/so 根据语境可知，前后表示逻辑上的并列或因果关系，故用and或so。
二、
仿真综合练——练通高考
A
(2018·安徽省重点中学盟校模拟) A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, called on us to take part the action for a greener earth.Our class came up with the idea of making a better use of used materials.We bring worn-out clothes and empty plastic bottles but turned them into dolls and handbags.That weekends, we went to a nearby neighborhood and gave away that we had made to the people there.Everyone was very happily with those gifts, especially little kids and elderly people.We did such well that we were invited by our headmaster to share this meaningful experience and our ideas with all the students of their school.
答案：第一句：called→calling; part后加in
第二句：去掉a
第三句：bring→brought; but→and
第四句：weekends→weekend; that→what
第五句：happily→happy
第六句：such→so; their→our
B
(2018·长春监测) One day, when I was about 5 or 6 years old, my parents went to a trip.Grandma seemed so happy to take care of me which she made me a special breakfast. Therefore, I complained about the food she cooked.Grandma quiet put down the bowl and went into the living room.I followed and saw tear in her eyes.It was the first time that I have ever seen my strong grandmother to cry.And I knew I was the one who had caused it.I apologized and asked her to forgive me.She smiled and told me I was good boy even if I didn’t feel like one then.That memory will stay in her heart forever, because I learn that ask for forgiveness helps me to learn and grow.
答案：第一句：to→on/for
第二句：which→that
第三句：Therefore→However
第四句：quiet→quietly
第五句：tear→tears
第六句：have→had; 去掉to
第九句：good前加a
第十句：her→my; ask→asking
C
(2018·福州期末) Six-year-old Ismail Zulfic was born without arms and used to be scary of going into the water after a incident in a pool. So that changed when the little boy met Amel Kapo.He sets up a local swimming club after noticing how disabled kids struggled to swim in pools for lack of special equipments for them.
Kapo taught Zulfic swim.Zulfic was able to swim well after a little months of practice.He even won a gold medal in a local swimming competition for disabled people, finish well ahead of other swimmers.
This butterfly without wings shows up that desire, will and perseverance are things that real pay off.
答案：第一句：scary→scared; 第一个a→an
第二句：So→But
第三句：sets→set; equipments→equipment
第四句：swim前加to
第五句：little→few
第六句：finish→finishing
第七句：去掉up; real→really
短文改错4步曲——后思时态
技法一
看动词时态和时间状语是否一致，主从句时态是否合乎语法
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.
解析：find→found 根据前一句中的时间状语“During my last winter holiday”可知，本句讲述的是去年寒假的事情，所以此处应用一般过去时，故把find改为found。
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.
解析：are→were 根据主句的谓语“didn’t realize”和until引导的时间状语从句的谓语“entered”可知此处说的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin.
解析：begin→begun 根据语境可知，此处是过去完成时，故begin应用过去分词形式。
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables！
解析：came→comes 主句为一般将来时，when引导的时间状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来；summer为可数名词单数，故用comes。
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.
解析：had→have 由时间状语in the past few years可知，此处应用现在完成时。
6．This summer, I attended a journalism-themed summer camp, where I learn a lot.
解析：learn→learned/learnt 根据“This summer”和“attended”可知，learn所表示的动作发生在过去，故把learn改为learned或learnt。
7．When I was in high school, I wanted to get a scholarship to a university.I liked singing, so I try out for a scholarship for music.
解析：try→tried 根据“was” “wanted” “liked”可知，这里讲述的是当“我”在中学的时候发生的事情，应该用一般过去时。
8．(2018·郑州第一次质量预测)Anyway, after we left Barcelona, we come to spend several days in Granada.
解析：come→came 根据“left”可知此处叙述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故将come改为came。
9．(2018·山西八校第一次联考)The Spring Festival is approaching and many students want to go travelling.But I had made up my mind not to go anywhere.The reasons are as follows.
解析：had→have 根据前一句中的“want to”可知，此处应用现在完成时。故把had改为have。
10．They laughed out happily when they read the short story I write about robots.
解析：write→wrote 此处讲述的是过去的事情，且根据“laughed out”为一般过去时可知，此处也应用一般过去时。
技法二
看并列动词形式是否一致
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.
解析：become→became 根据时间状语“About one month after this photo was taken”可知，此句应使用一般过去时，且句中and连接两个并列的成分，前后时态应保持一致，由entered可知应把become改为became。
2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.
解析：telling→told “telling”和“saw”是并列关系，故时态需要和saw保持一致。
3．Finally, I work harder than ever and made great progress in my math.
解析：work→worked 由后面的“made”可知，此处讲述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。
4．(2018·河南天一大联考)Seeing this, I was touched and appreciate the kindness he brought to the world.
解析：appreciate→appreciated 句意：看到这个，我很受感动，对他给世界带来的善良表示感谢。根据“was touched”和and可知需要用appreciated。
5．I step to the front quickly and began to repeat the story with confidence.
解析：step→stepped 根据began可知，此处讲述的是过去的事，故此处应用一般过去时。step的过去式是双写词尾的p，然后再加-ed。
6．(2018·惠州第二次调研)In the reply, the school promises to satisfy all his requirements and encouraged him to have a strong belief in life.
解析：promises→promised 叙述的是过去的事情，且and 后encourage使用的是一般过去时，故此处用promised。
技法三
主谓、动宾要分明，时态、语态勿混用
1.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.
解析：using→used 分析句子结构可知， oil 和use 之间是被动关系， 故应该用被动语态。
2．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.
解析：去掉been studies与show之间为主动关系，不需要用被动语态。
3．(2018·广州调研)By June the students usually have been found their jobs and then they begin preparing to enter the world of work.
解析：去掉been 此处表示：到了六月，学生们通常已经找到了工作。该句主语the students和动词find之间为主动关系，故用主动语态。
4．(2018·昆明检测)I would thank those who encouraged me to experience this kind act.All the cards, candies and clothes donated by them.
解析：donated前加were donate sth.意为“捐献某物”，分析句子结构可知，该句应用被动语态；讲述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，所以在donated前加were。
5．I finally realized that something necessary had to done.It was time for a change.
解析：to后加be 此处表示：我意识到，必须要做一些必要的事情。不定代词“something”和动词“do”之间为被动关系，表示“被做”，故用被动语态。
6．(2018·广西桂林百色模拟)This will give me a head start on the day.I have also been decided to keep a record of what I do and when I do it.
解析：去掉been 此处表示：我还决定记录我做了什么和何时做的。主语“I”和动词“decide”之间为主动关系，故用主动语态。
技法四
铭记描述客观事实、客观真理用一般现在时
1.(2018·太原阶段测评)There are many different types of Chinese.For example, one type known as Mandarin had almost a billion speakers.
解析：had→has 根据语境可知， 此处描述客观情况，故用一般现在时。
2．(2018·安徽名校联考)Last month, our class climbed Mount Tai, which was more than 1,500 meters above sea level.
解析：was→is 此处表示“泰山海拔超过1 500米”，这里陈述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时。
牢记动词的时态和语态常考点
1.掌握五种基本时态：
一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时。
2.写准动词三种形式：要写准动词的过去式、过去分词和现在分词形式，重点记牢不规则动词的变化形式。
3.动词时态的分析主要从两个角度入手：动作与时间。在解题过程中，要着重分析动作是“正在进行、完成或经常性”，时间是“现在、过去或将来”，由此确定时态。短文改错的首句或相关句也往往起提示作用，应特别注意一些动词的过去式形式：burn (burnt), learn (learnt/learned), build (built), pay (paid), feel (felt), catch (caught), hold (held), shoot (shot), eat (ate), ride (rode), ring (rang), sing (sang), sink (sank)等。
4.明确语态的三个基本点：①被动语态的构成形式为“be＋过去分词”；②系动词没有被动语态；③不及物动词或短语无被动语态。
5.准确判断动词语态：动词的语态主要分析句子主语与谓语动词之间的关系，且特别注意有关语态的一些特殊现象，如be worth doing(无被动形式)，不定式主动形式表被动含义，need/want/require doing(＝to be done)。最常考的是被动语态中be动词的遗漏。
一、
单句对点练——练明考点
1.(2018·兰州诊断)At last, Xiao Ming was saved but the young man left without saying anything.We were all deeply moved by what he has done.
解析：has→had 根据上文中的“were”可知，此处表示动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时。
2．(2018·东北三省四市一模) At that time, I was responsible for interviewing parents who bought the learning tools.While talking with him, I found it was not so hard as I think.
解析：think→thought 根据主句的谓语动词“found”可知，从句也用一般过去时。
3．(2018·豫北名校质量评估)I am about to remove items embarrassedly from the bag when another shopper handed me a $20 note.
解析：am→was 根据句中“handed”可知，此处是在描述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。
4．Third, we should take more exercise to keep healthy.What’s more, we’d better review what we had learned at school.
解析：had→have 前句使用的时态为现在时，因此该处应用现在完成时，而不是过去完成时。
5．Over 200 people became homeless as a result of the storm.A farmer said the storm began early in the morning and last one hour.
解析：last→lasted 由连词“and”和上文中的“began”可知，last的时态应该和began一致，故用一般过去时。
6．(2018·河南毕业班适应性考试)The incident had happened on my way to a bookstore on a rainy Sunday afternoon.
解析：去掉had 句意：事情发生在一个下着雨的周日下午我去一家书店的路上。根据时间状语“on a rainy Sunday afternoon”可知本句谓语动词应该用一般过去时而非过去完成时，故将had去掉。
7．(2018·安徽师大附中高三阶段性测试)This morning, I got an e-mail from the library.It said the book I reserved was ready to be picking up.
解析：picking→picked 根据语境可知，pick up和句子主语book之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。
8．(2018·贵阳监测)Once I went to the market with my mum for a big dinner on Saturday.When we were walking past the stalls, a loud noise was caught my attention.
解析：去掉was 主语a loud noise与catch之间构成主谓关系，表示主动，故去掉was。
9．(2018·江西红色七校二联)We spend a few hours digging holes and planting the young seedlings.Then we wrote our wishes on cards one by one and buried them under the roots of the trees.
解析：spend→spent 句意：我们花了几个小时挖坑，种幼苗。然后我们一个接一个地将我们的愿望写在卡片上并将其埋在树根下面。根据“wrote” “buried”可知，spend发生在过去，需用一般过去时，故将spend改为spent。
10．When I get home, I said to my parents, “Everything was great about the camping.I want to be a teacher like Anna in the future.”
解析：get→got 由“said”可知，此处表示过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
二、
仿真综合练——练通高考
A
Dear Mom，
I’m now in the United States, a country so differently from China.Everything is fresh but interesting! I have made some friends there and they are very kind.Still, you know how much I miss you and your cooking.The mere thought of the dishes you prepare makes my mouth to water.My friends had some strange ways of describing their hungry.For instance, “I can eat a horse！” It’s a little confused, hmm? I’
