2019届二轮复习语法专题 介词和介词短语 课件(共75张PPT)

课件75张PPT。2019届二轮复习语法专题介词和介词短语Do the?exercises?individually, and then?check?your?answers?with?your partners.Now check your?answers1-5In; By; for; in; by6-10in; with; in; by; for介词考点题例一1. The meeting lasted _____three hours yesterday.for2. __________ the past 10 years, great changes have taken place in this area.During/Over3. We’ll have finished the work _____ ten o’clock tomorrow.by4. The sunlight came in ______(穿过) the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.through4. Four Chinese models were _____ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition.among5. Mexico is _____ the south of North America.in6. Our office is ____ the 6th floor of a ten-storeyed building.on7.Today, she lives thousands of miles away from me, but she sometimes by emails me about the books she is reading./一、常用介词表示年、月、日、时刻等用at, in, onat用于表示时刻、时间的某一点。
at lunch 午餐时 at breakfast早餐时
at night 在夜间 at first 起初
at times 偶尔，有时 at the same time同时
We usually have lunch at noon/at twelve.
我们通常中午吃午饭(十二点吃午饭)。注意：表示时间的名词前有this, last, next, every等修饰时，其前面不加介词。this morning 今天早上；
last Monday 上周一；
every week 每周。on用于表示某天，某一天的上、下午(指具
体的某一时，一律用on)。
on Monday 在周一 on June 6 在6月6日
on Tuesday morning在周二早上
on May 4, 2003 在2003年5月4日
on Christmas Day 在圣诞节那天
on the night of July (the) first
在七月一日夜晚
We didn’t listen to the lecture on
Wednesday afternoon.
周三下午我们没去听演讲。in用于表示周、月、季节、年和泛指的上
午、下午、晚上(指在一段时间内)。
in May 在五月
in the holiday 在假期中 in summer 在夏季
in September, 1995 在1995年9月
in the morning 在上午
in the 21st century 在二十一世纪
People go skating in winter.
人们冬天去滑冰。
Do they work in the daytime or at night?2.表示时间的前后用before, after两者既可以作介词又可以作连词。
before 在……之前
Wash your hands before dinner.
(before作介词) 吃饭前请洗手。
He will call me before he leaves here/before
ten o’clock.
(前一个before作连词；后一个before作介词)
他离开这儿之前/十点之前，将给我打电
话。B. after 在……之后
Let’s sing some songs after school.
(after作介词)
放学后咱们唱歌吧！
Please close the door after you leave the
room. (after作连词)
离开房间后请关门。3. 表示期限等用by, until, tillA. by 在……前(时间)；截止(到)……
by the end of…在……底(之前)
by then 到那时
by the time + 从句 在……之前
How many English books had you read by
the end of last year?
到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书？
She had left by the time I arrived.
我到时(之前)她已经走了。B. until/till 直到……为止(时间)
We didn’t begin to watch TV until/till
nine o’clock.
一直到九点，我们才开始看电视。
I will wait for him until he comes here.
我将在这儿一直等到他来。4. 表示期间等用for, during, throughfor 达……之久(表示经过了多少时间)
可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连
用，但经常和完成时连用。
He has lived here for 20 years.
他在这儿已经住了二十年了。
We will stay in the city for two days.
我们要在这座城市待两天。B. during 在……期间
They are going to have a good rest during
the summer holidays.
暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。
C. through 一直……(从开始到结束)
They played the cards through the night.
He stayed in London through the winter.
比较：for和during。for之后大多跟表示
时间、具体天数等的数字名词。而during
后决不能跟表数字的名词。5.表示时间的起点等用from, since from 从……起(时间)
表示“从……开始”时，一般都是用词组
from…to…，而单纯表示确切的“从几点开始”时用at。
The meeting will be held from eight to ten.
这个会议将从8点开到10点。
The meeting will be held at eight.
会议将从八点钟开始。B. since 自从……以来 (表示从以前某时一
直到现在仍在继续)
I have been sick since yesterday.
我从昨天起就病了。(强调一直病到现在)
The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he
became a doctor.
(since作连词，引导时间状语从句)
这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多
人的生命。6.表示时间的经过等用in, withinA. in过……后(未来时间), 大多用在将来时(一般将来时和过去将来时)。
in an hour 一小时之后
in a week or so 大约一星期之后
He will be back in five hours.
他五小时之后回来。
注意：如果用于过去式，用after+时间。
She went to Nanjing last May, and she
came back after a month.B. within 不超过……的范围
within 3 hours 3小时之内
within a week 一周之内
I must finish painting the cat within five
minutes.
我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。
比较：within和in。within强调“在……时
间之内”，没有时态的限制。in是以限制
为基础，in an hour是指从现在起一个小
时之后，所以in一般只用于将来时。A. at在某地(表示比较狭窄的场所)
at school 上学 at home 在家
at Baker Street 在贝克街2号
stand at the door 站在门边
at the bottom/back/end/head of
I’ll meet him at the Beijing railway station.
我将去北京站接他。at & inB. in 在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)
in Beijing 在北京 in the world在世界上
in the bed 躺在床上 in China 在中国
in a book/newspaper 在书上/报纸上
His brother is in prison. He was arrested 2
years ago.
Mike works in the prison.
She was born in China. on 在……上面，有接触面。
on the desk 在桌子上面
on the map 在地图上
There are two maps on the wall.
墙上有两张地图。
on 在……靠近……的地方
on the right 在右边 on the river在河边
on the pavement 在人行道上on & above & over & under & belowB. above 在……上方
Our plane flew above the clouds.
我们的飞机在云端上飞行。
C. over 在……正上方，是under的反义词
There is a light over Li Ming.
李明的正上方有一盏灯。
A few birds were flying over the sea.
有几只鸟在海上飞。D. under 在……下面；在……之内
under the table 桌子下面
under the jacket 在夹克内
The dog is under the table.
这只狗在桌子下面。
E. below 在……下方(不一定是正下方)
正下方是under，below是above的反义词。
There are a lot of fishes below the surface
of the water. 水下面有许多各式各样的鱼。 near近的，不远的
near=not far，是far的反义词。
near还可以指时间。
in the near future 在不久的将来
Is there a bus stop near here?
这儿附近有公共汽车站吗？
B. by 在……旁边，距离比near要近
by the window 在窗户边 by me在我旁边
The boy is standing by the window. near & by between 在两者之间
My teacher is sitting between Tom and
Mike. 我们的老师正坐在汤姆和麦克之间。
What’s the difference between A and B？
B. among 在三者或更多的之中
There is a beautiful house among the trees.
在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。
He is very popular among the students.
他在学生之中很受欢迎。
C. around环绕，在……周围，在……四周
The earth moves around the sun.
地球围绕太阳转。between & among & around in (the) front of 在……的前面(前部)。
There is a tree in front of the house.
在房屋前面有一棵树。
There is a big desk for the teacher in the
front of the classroom.
在教室前部有一张大讲桌。
B. behind 在……后面，behind是in front of
的反义词。
There is a tree behind my house.
我家房子后面有一棵树。
C. opposite 在……对面
Our school is opposite a university.
我们学校在一所大学的对面。in front of & behind & opposite in 在……之内，用于表示静止的位置
The students are in the classroom.
学生们在教室里。
B. into 进入
用于表示有特定终点的运动的方向。通常
用于表示动作的动词之后。如：go, come,
walk, run等。
The students run into the classroom.
学生们跑进教室。
He jumped into the water. 他跳入水中。in & into & out of & upC. out of和into一样，也表示有一定的运
动方向
The students rushed out of the room.
学生们冲出房间。
D. up 移动
The children climbed up the tree.
孩子们爬上了树。 along 沿着
I was walking along the river when it
began to rain.
我正沿着河边散步，突然下起雨来了。
B. across 横过
I often swim across the river.
我常游泳横渡这条河。along & across & past & throughC. past 经过
Every day he runs past the city hall.
他每天跑步经过市政府。
D. through 贯穿，通过
The sun shone through the clouds.
阳光穿过云层照射下来。
The river was through the city.
这条河穿过这个城市。 to 到达……地点(目的地)或方向
He came to Japan in 1980.
B. for 表示目的地，“向……”
for表目的时，一般都是和固定动词搭配。
leave for 动身去…… start for 出发去……
I will leave for America next week.
下周我将动身去美国。
C. from 从……地点起
It’s about ten minutes’ walk from here to
the cinema.to & from & forwith & for1.with多用于表示情绪的形容词或身体动作或状态的动词之后，表示某种心理或心理状态的原因。I am satisfied with his service.2. for 多与表示感情的抽象名词或动名词及 reason, famous 等词连用。The West Lake is famous for its scenery.against & foragainst 意为“反对”，指在观点或主张等方面与某人采取对立的态度。
against 还有“倚靠，逆着，相反，在……的衬托下，与……比赛”等意思。for 指在观点或主张等方面与某人采取一致的态度，意思是“支持，赞成”，与in favor of 同义。Are you for or against the new road scheme?
你对修建新道路的计划是赞成还是反对？She was forced to marry against her will.
她被迫违心地嫁了人。That’s against the law.
那是违法的。The skier’s red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.
滑雪者的红衣服在雪的衬托下显得分外醒目。besides & except &but
&other than &except for1. 用于否定句时，besides, except与but 可相互替换。No other students passed the difficult maths exam except/ besides/ but Lin Tao and Wu Dong.
除林涛、吴东外没有别的学生通过那么难的数学考试。2. 用于肯定句时的区别1）except 意为：not including 除……之外（不再有）We all passed the exam except Tom.
除汤姆没及格外，我们都及格了。（汤姆没及格）2）besides意为：in addition to 除……之外（还有）We have lots of things in common besides music.
除了音乐我们还有很多共同点。注意besides在句中的位置较灵活，可放在句首，亦可放在句中；而except多放在句中。except前几乎总有all, any, every, no及其复合不定代词。He answered all the questions except the last one.
除最后一个问题没有回答外，其余所有问题他都回答了。I have a few friends besides you.
除了你之外，我还有几个朋友。3）except for 表示“除了……”之意，它所叙述的事实或细节部分用来修正句子的主要意思。The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.
这篇作文写得很好，只是有些拼写错误。Your coat is good except for its color.
你的外套很好，就是颜色不太好。注意：当except 用于句首时，后面往往要加上for.
Except for this, everything is in good order.
=Everything is in good order except this.
除此之外，一切正常。3. except 和but/other than 都可接名词、代词、动名词，可以互换；但except 后接副词、介词短语、when从句等时， but/other than 不可替换except.He has always been in high spirits except recently.
除近来外，他总是精神饱满。（副词）The window is never opened except in summer.
除夏天外，这扇窗户从来不开。（介词短语）He has always been busy except when it is Sunday.
除星期日外，他总是很忙。（when从句）4. but, except 后都可接that 从句作宾语。I asked for nothing from him but/except that he should write to me every other week.
我对他并无其他要求，只要他每隔一周给我写一封信。5. besides 还可以作副词，相当于
in addition; also; moreover; furthermoreI don’t want to go. Besides, I am too tired.
我不想去。再说，我也太累了。This is my best suit. Besides, I have two others.
这是我最好的一套衣服，我另外还有两套。in& on & to &off四个词都可表示两地之间的位置关系。off 表示海面上靠近海岸的地方；或者强调两地之间隔着一小段距离。New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia.（强调靠近海岸）
They arrived at a house off the main road.（两地隔着一小段距离）举一反三1. _____autumn coming, the trees are abundant in fruit.With2. _____ graduating from college, she found a job as a nurse.After3. It has been snowing _____ Christmas morning.on4.A great person is always putting others’ interests ____ his own.above5.Do you think this shirt is too tight _____ the shoulders?across1. When asked about their opinions about
the schoolmaster, many teachers would
prefer to see him step aside ______
younger men.
A. in terms of B. in need of
C. in favor of D. in praise of考点题例二2.We’d better discuss everything ______
before we work out the plan.
A. in detail B. in general
C. on purpose D. on time3.____ good service, the restaurant offers
different kinds of traditional Fujian
dishes.
A. Far from B. Apart from
C. Instead of D. Regardless of二、介词短语with 短语with anger 生气地
with confidence有信心地
with delight/joy 高兴地
with ease轻而易举地
with satisfaction 满意地
with success 成功地
with kindness 亲切地at 短语at a loss 不知所措 at peace 处于和平中
at rest静止不动 at sea 在海上，在航海
at present 目前 at sunrise 日出时
at the beginning of 在……的开始
at the cost of 以……的代价
at the mercy of 在……的支配下
at the sight of 一看到……就
at the price of 以……的价格on短语on display 陈列 on line 在工作（运行）
on sale 出售，打折 on show 在展出
on the go 在忙碌中 on the march 在进行中
on account of 因为
on behalf of 代表
on condition that 在……的条件下，如果
on no account/condition/occasion 决不
on the basis of 以……为基础
on the occasion of 在……时in短语in cash 用现金付款 in detail 详细地
in shape 在外形上 in anger 生气地
in debt 负债 in delight 高兴地
in despair 绝望 in doubt 不确定
in print 已出版 in prison 在狱中
in rags 穿着破烂 in ruins 成为废墟
in silence 沉默 in trouble 在困难中
in wonder 惊奇地 in view 看得见
in surprise 惊奇地 in order 就绪in短语in the face of 面对 in addition to 另外
in case of 万一；如果；假如
in charge of 掌管
in consequence of 由于
in favor of 支持，赞成
in no case 决不 in no time 立刻
in no way 决不 in spite of 尽管
in honor of 向……表示敬意
in the charge of 在……的管理下by 短语by accident 偶然
by chance 偶然
by coincidence 碰巧
by force 用暴力
by mistake 错误地
by nature 天生地
by air/plane 乘飞机
by radio 通过收音机
by weight/volume/size/number
按重量/体积/大小/数量of 短语of benefit 有益处的
of help 有帮助的
of importance 重要的
of interest 有趣的
of significance 有意义的
of use 有用的
of value 有价值的out of 短语out of balance 失去平衡
out of breath 上气不接下气
out of control 不受控制
out of debt 不欠债
out of order 除故障
out of patience 不耐烦
out of season 过季
out of the question 不可能
out of question 毫无疑问
out of trouble 摆脱困难beyond 短语beyond compare 无与伦比
beyond comprehension 难以理解
beyond description 难以描述
beyond measure 非常，极其
beyond question 无可争辩；毋庸置疑
beyond reach 够不到
beyond words 难以表达
beyond one’s wildest dreams 做梦都没想到， 远远出乎所料from 短语be absent from 缺席
be different from 不同于
be far from 远离
be free from 不受……影响
be safe from 免受……的伤害其它常用短语according to 根据 along with 随着
together with 连同 but for 要不是
owing to 因为 by means of 借助于
for fear of 唯恐
for the good of 为了……的利益
for lack of 因为缺乏
for the purpose of 为了……起见
for life 一生，终身举一反三1. I am lucky. I have my dad in my life and we have a great relationship. Today he’s ____the way ____being a second grandpa and is as proud as he can be.onto2. Jane is ____ a hurry because the train to the airport leaves ____ half an hour.inin考点题例三He worked ____ night and slept ____ day.
他晚上工作，白天睡觉。byby2. The new road will be completed _____ the end of the year.
这条道路将在年底以前建成。before3. An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are _____ it.against三、介词的句法功能★作定语
介词短语作定语时，一律后置。
He stared at the portrait on the wall.
他盯着墙上的画像。
It was a good solution to my difficulty.
这是一个解决我困难的好方案。
Who is the girl with a foreign accent?
带外国口音的那个女孩是谁？★作状语
介词短语作状语时，修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子。
Classes begin at eight. (修饰动词)
八点钟开始上课。
Jane looks young for her age. (修饰形容词)
珍妮看起来比她的实际年龄年轻。
To my surprise, Li Ming passed the exam at all. (修饰全句)
让我惊奇的是，李明通过了考试。★作表语
We are against/for you.
我们反对/支持你。
It was because of the heavy rain that we couldn’t go out.
因为这场大雨，我们出不去了。
★作宾语补足语
I always find her at her studies.
我总发现她在学习。
We found the map quite out of date.
我发现这地图完全过时了。举一反三1. we’ll have finished the work ____ ten o’clock tomorrow.by2. The Scottish girl _____ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.with1. But my connection with pandas goes back____ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, …to2. Most of us are more focused ____ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. onI. Multiple choice. 解析：to。go back to追溯到。解析：on。be focused on ... 集中于……。3. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ____ their hands.with解析：with。句意：在印度，大部分人还是用传统的吃饭方法——用手吃饭，“with＋表示具体工具的名词”表示“用……”。4. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an
hour away ____ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. 5. When a new day breaks, the walls have
given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day; ___the same time, they warm up again for the night. byat6. I got a place next _____ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.to解析：to。next to与……相邻，紧挨着。1. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the (a) short period of time. 2. Now I am leaving home to college. II. Correction 解析：dreams后加of。dream of doing sth. 梦想做某事。解析：to → for。leave … for … 离开某地到另一地。3. Unfortunately, on the development of
industrialization, the environment has been polluted. 4. Tony saw a toy on a shop window. 解析：on → with。
with the development of 随着……的发展。解析：on → in。
Tony是“在商店橱窗里”看到了玩具。5. Nearly five years before (ago), and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes (圣女果) in our back garden. 解析：by → of。
with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下。6. Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities.
解析：with → for。
have time for … 有做……的时间。7. We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sit by the lake listening music. 解析：listening后面加to。listen to 听。III. Fill in the blanks with proper words. Once I stayed _____ home alone. I found it a chance to cook. I put all the food I needed _____ a pot. Then I had to wait _____ it to boil. In order to kill the waiting time, I went to watch TV. Only ___ a few minutes was I fascinated by a wonderful programme. It was about half an hour later that I remembered my food. atintoforinI turned ____ the cooker immediately but unfortunately the food ran over _____ the pot. I was blamed and had to clean the kitchen.
So we should pay attention _____ everything we are doing to avoid accidents.offfromtoThank you!