2019届高三英语二轮复习课件：第一部分 语法专题 第六节 情态动词和虚拟语气(共65张PPT)

课件65张PPT。 第六节　情态动词和虚拟语气
情态动词
　考点一　情态动词的基本用法
1. can和could的用法
(1)表示“能力”，意为“能，会”。
◆(2017·北京卷) Samuel, the tallest boy in our class，can easily reach the books on the top shelf.
Samuel是我们班最高的男孩，他能轻易地够着书架顶层的书。
◆(浙江卷)It was so noisy that we couldn't hear ourselves speak.
这里如此嘈杂以至于我们无法听到自己说话。
(2)表示理论上的可能性，意为“有时候可能会”，用于肯定句。
◆(2018·北京卷)In today's information age, the loss of data can cause serious problems for a company.
在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。
(3)表示礼貌地请求，意为“能，可以”。在疑问句中could可代替can, 语气更委婉。
◆(2016·江苏卷)—Can you tell us your recipe for happiness and a long life?
——你能告诉我们你的幸福和长寿的秘诀吗？
—Living every day to the full, definitely.
——过好每一天。
(4)用于固定句式中：cannot... too/enough “无论……也不过分”；“越……越好……”。
◆(陕西卷)I can't thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.
我非常感谢你，在我们不在家时帮助我的儿子。
2. may和might的用法
(1) 表示许可和请求，在疑问句中might比may的语气更委婉。
◆(北京卷)Might/May I have a word with you? It won't take long.
我可以和你说句话吗？不会耽误很长时间。
(2)表示推测，意为“可能，或许”，通常不用于疑问句中。
◆(北京卷)—You needn't take an umbrella. It isn't going to rain.
——你不必带伞。不会下雨的。
—Well, I don't know. It might do.
——嗯，我不知道，可能会下吧。(3)用于固定句式：may as well＋动词原形 “最好；倒不如……”。
◆Since it is raining hard, you may as well stay here.
既然雨下得这么大，你倒不如待在这儿。
3. must的用法
(1)表示义务、必要性等，意为“必须”。其否定式mustn't 意为“禁止”。
◆(湖北卷)We must act quickly as possible now. Just tell us whether you can undertake the task or not.
现在我们必须尽快采取行动。你就告诉我们你能否承担这项任务。
(2)表示偏执，固执，意为“非得，偏要”。
◆(辽宁卷)If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over.
如果你非要走，至少要等到暴风雨停了。
4. shall的用法
(1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
◆ Henry is waiting outside. Shall he come in, sir?
亨利正在门外等着，要他进来吗？
(2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
◆(辽宁卷)One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.
我们有一条规定，那就是每名学生在校期间都必须穿校服。
5. should 的用法
(1)表示劝告和建议，意为“应该”。
◆I don't think you should give up the opportunity to go to university which you have been dreaming about.
我认为你不应该放弃你一直以来梦想的上大学的机会。
(2)表示推测、可能性或预期，意为“应该；可能”。
◆(朗文辞典)Try phoning Robert—he should be home by now.
给罗伯特打个电话试试，他现在应该到家了。
(3)用于表示感情或意志等的that从句中，意为“竟然……；居然……”。
◆(江苏卷)It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves，should bring me food.
让我难过的是，如此贫穷的他们竟然给我带来了食物。
6. will和would的用法
(1)表示意志或意愿。will指现在，would指过去。
◆I have told him again and again to stop smoking, but he will not listen.
我已再三告诉他戒烟，但是他就是不听。
◆(江苏卷)Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but wouldn't say where he was.
几天后，我哥哥打电话说他一切都好，但不愿意说他在哪儿。
(2)表示习惯性动作，意为“总是”，will指现在，would指过去。
◆(四川卷)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother would take me to Disneyland at weekends.
我仍旧记得快乐的童年，那时我妈妈经常在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。
(3)表示征求意见或提出请求，多用于第二人称疑问句中。would比will语气委婉。
◆Will/Would you please let me have a look at your new watch?
请让我看看你的新表好吗？
7．need 的用法
need表示必要性，常用于疑问句和否定句中，needn't表示“不必”。need 作实义动词时，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中，有人称、数和时态的变化；其后可接名词、代词、带to的不定式或动名词作宾语。
◆(2017·天津卷)My room is a mess, but I needn't clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
我的房间里乱糟糟的，不过我今天晚上出门之前没必要打扫，我可以上午再打扫。
8．dare的用法
dare意为“敢，敢于”，没有人称、数和时态的变化，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中，后接动词原形。作实义动词时，在肯定句中通常接带to的不定式，在疑问句和否定句中，dare之后的不定式可省略。
◆How dare you leave your home without your parents' permission?
在没有征得你父母的同意的情况下你怎么敢离开家？
　[对点演练]——单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(2016·天津卷)It was really annoying；I _______ not get access to the data bank you had recommended.
2．(重庆卷)You ______ be Carol. You haven't changed a bit after all these years.
3．(湖南卷)—I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.
—Do you mean we needn't brought anything with us?
________________

could mustbrought→bring考点二　情态动词＋have done
　　◆(2016·浙江卷)George can't have gone too far. His coffee is still warm.
乔治不可能走得太远。因为他的咖啡还是热的呢。
◆(陕西卷)The children must have got lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.
孩子们一定在森林里迷路了；否则，他们会按照计划在湖边露营。
◆(福建卷)—Sorry, Mum！I failed the job interview again.
——对不起，妈妈！我工作面试又失败了。
—Oh, it's too bad. You should have made full preparations.
——哦，太糟糕了。你本应该做好充足的准备。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(天津卷)I ________ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
2．(2018·江苏启东中学月考)We ______ have faced the difficulty together, but why didn't you tell me?
3．(陕西卷)My book，The House of Hades，is missing. Who must have taken it? ________________
needn'tcouldmust→could/can 虚拟语气
考点一　if条件句中的虚拟语气
◆(2018·北京卷)They might have found a better hotel if they had driven a few more kilometers.
如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。
◆(北京卷)We would be back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map.
如果你没有把地图丢了的话，我们现在就回到旅馆了。
◆(安徽卷)Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often.
格蕾丝不想搬到纽约，因为她认为如果住在那里，她就不能经常看到她的父母了。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空
1．(2018·天津卷)If we __________(catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach.
2．(2018·天津十二区县联考)If he had spent more time practising speaking English before, he __________(be) able to speak it better now.
3．(2018·江苏97校联考)—Why didn't you call me then?
—Oh, my cell-phone was power off. I _________________(call) you otherwise.
had caughtwould bewould have called考点二　含蓄条件句的虚拟语气
有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，或隐含在上下文中，这叫含蓄虚拟语气。常用的这类词或短语有：without(要是)没有；but for要不是；otherwise/or否则等。
◆(2017·天津卷)—Do you have Betty's phone number?
——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？
—Yes.Otherwise，I wouldn't have been able to reach her yesterday.
——是的，不然我昨天就不可能联系上她了。
◆(江苏卷)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but for Thomas Edison.
要不是托马斯·爱迪生，我们现在从中获益的很多东西就不会存在。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(安徽卷)It is lucky we booked a room, or we ___________(have) nowhere to stay now.
would have2．(江西卷)We _____________(put) John's name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
3．(福建卷)We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we will have visited more places of interest yesterday.
_____________

would have putwill→would考点三　虚拟语气在从句中的运用
一、 在名词性从句中的运用
1．在表示要求、命令、建议、请求等动词后接宾语从句中，以及这些动词的名词后接同位语或表语从句中的谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。常见的此类动词：一坚持(insist)、二命令(order，command)、三要求(require, demand，request)、四建议(suggest，advise，propose，recommend)。
◆(江苏卷)She suggested that Dale join the debating team，believing that practice in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.
她建议戴尔参加辩论队，她认为辩论队里的演讲练习会给予他所需要的信心和认可。
◆(湖北卷)He insisted that the problem (should) be discussed at the meeting.
他执意要求在会上讨论这个问题。
◆My suggestion was that necessary measures (should)be taken to protect the children from dangerous situations.
我的建议是采取必要措施来保护孩子远离危险的境遇。
2．在“It is/was＋adj./done＋that...”句型中，从句中的谓语动词用(should)＋动词原形。常见的形容词或过去分词有：important, necessary, strange, suggested, ordered, advised, requested, demanded 等。
◆It is necessary that we (should) clean the room every day.
我们每天打扫房间是有必要的。
◆It is required that middle school students (should) take at least one hour exercise every day.
中学生被要求每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼。
3．wish后的宾语从句中的谓语可用一般过去时，had＋过去分词和could/might/would＋动词原形，分别表示与现在、过去和将来情况相反。
◆(天津卷)I wish I had been at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.
我多么希望上周二参加了我妹妹的婚礼，但是当时我在纽约出差。
◆(陕西卷)Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I danced as well as her.
埃伦是一个极出色的舞者。我希望能够跳得和她一样好。
◆I wish you could give me the book you borrowed from me last week tomorrow.
我希望你明天把你上周从我这儿借的书还给我。
4．would rather所接的宾语从句中，从句的谓语如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生过的动作，从句用过去完成时。
◆(陕西卷)We would rather our daughter stayed at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
我们宁愿女儿待在家，陪在我们身边，但是选择权在她手上，毕竟她不再是个孩子了。二、三个固定句式中的虚拟语气◆(重庆卷)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had done it?
打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的？
◆It is high time that we took/should take some measures to solve the problem.
确实到了我们采取措施解决问题的时候了。
◆Look at the trouble we are in.If only we had taken our teacher's advice!
看看我们所处的困境，要是我们当初听从老师的建议该多好！
[对点演练]——单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(2018·山西太原外国语月考)Though his face suggested that there _____(be) nothing serious, the doctor still suggested he ____________(stay) in bed for a few days.
was(should) stay2．(2018·江苏运河中学诊断)If only he ________(lie) quietly as instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
3．It is high time that we ____________________(devote) ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.
4．(2018·山东曲阜师大附中模拟)I believe we'll turn our school into a better place. How I wish we can enjoy a better school life. _____________
5．They met for the first time, but they talked happily as if they have been good friends for a long time. __________
had lainshould devote/devotedcan→couldhave→hadⅠ.单句语法填空
1．(2018·包头市模拟)As Father and Mother thought it was a big occasion for me, they suggested I________(hold) a birthday party at home to celebrate it.
【解析】 考查虚拟语气。suggest表示“建议”时后面宾语从句的谓语动词应用(should)＋动词原形，故填(should) hold。
【答案】 (should) hold
2．(2018·重庆市第一次质量抽测)If the new safety system________(bring) into use, the accident would never have happened.
【解析】 句意：如果新的安全系统已经投入使用，事故就不会发生了。根据句意、句子结构以及主句中的would never have happened可知，句中If引导的是虚拟条件句，且表示与过去的事实相反的假设，故从句时态应用过去完成时。
【答案】 had been brought
3．(2018·北京朝阳区期中统考)If we________(take) another road, we wouldn't have been stuck in the traffic jam for so long.
【解析】 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们走了另一条路，我们就不会在交通堵塞中被困这么久。此处是对过去情况的假设，所以从句谓语用had done形式。
【答案】 had taken
4.(2018·湖南长沙四校模拟)—I________thank you enough for what you have done for me.
—You're welcome.
【解析】 句意：——你为我做的一切我无论怎么感谢都不为过。——不用谢。can not...enough表示“再……也不为过”。
【答案】 can't
5．(2018·安徽江淮十校联考)As the deadline is drawing near, no one________leave with his own work uncompleted.
【解析】 句意：因为截止日期即将到来，不完成工作，任何人不许离开。shall用于第三人称陈述句中，表示命令、警告，符合句意。
【答案】 shall
6．(2018·湖北四地七校联考)It is high time that you________(consider) that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little.
【解析】 在It is high time that...句式中，从句用虚拟语气，即：谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形。
【答案】 considered/should consider
7．(2018·广东实验中学月考)—Why are your eyes so red? You________have slept well last night.
—Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report.
【解析】 句意：——你的眼为什么这么红？你昨晚一定睡得不好。——是的，我熬夜写报告了。此处表示对过去的否定情况把握比较大的推测，故用can't have done不可能做了某事。
【答案】 can't
8．(2018·江西师大附中等五校联考)It has been accepted that all the students________put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with flu virus.
【解析】 在第三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示规定、制度，应用shall。
【答案】 shall
9．(2018·浙江杭州地区七校模拟)When you phoned me, I was having a meeting; how I wish I________(answer) your call.
【解析】 句意：当你给我打电话的时候，我正在开会。我多么希望我(之前)接了你的电话。wish后的从句中用虚拟语气，根据句意可知是对过去情况的虚拟，所以谓语动词用had done形式。
【答案】 had answered
10．(2018·广东惠州高三二调) Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He________have drunk too much at the party last night.
【解析】 句意：Harry觉得不舒服，他昨晚在聚会上肯定喝太多了。由last night及语境可知，此处表示对过去的肯定情况把握较大的推测。must have done sth.“一定做了某事”。
【答案】 must
11．(2018·西安工大附中第四次训练)I should not have laughed if I________(think) you were serious.
【解析】 句意：如果我(当时)认为你是认真的，我就不会笑了。主句中谓语动词使用should not have laughed，表明与过去的事实相反，从句谓语动词应该使用had done形式。
【答案】 had thought
12．(2018·山东高三模拟)She is a quiet girl at school, but sometimes she________be very naughty.
【解析】 语境表示她有时候会很顽皮，此处应用can表示对某人一时的特征，意为“有时会”。
【答案】 can
13．(2018·东北三校联考)The order came that the medical supplies________(send) to the earthquake-stricken area soon.
【解析】 表示建议、要求、命令等的名词suggestion，order，request，advice等的表语从句、同位语从句中谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形。
【答案】 (should) be sent
14．(2018·陕西渭南一模)It is required by law that a driving test________(take)before a man gets a license.
【解析】 句意：法律规定，一个人在获得驾照之前要先参加驾照考试。It is required that...中，that从句的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略；又因为test与take之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，即(should)be taken。
【答案】 (should)be taken
15．(2018·天津七校4月联考)I was ill that day，otherwise I ________(take) part in the sports meet.
【解析】 句意：那天我病了，否则我就参加运动会了。根据语境可推知，设空处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为would have taken。
【答案】 would have taken
16.(2018·江苏苏州调研)John wants to see me now, but I have so much work on hand that I would rather he__________(come) tomorrow than today.
【解析】 句意：约翰现在想看我，但是我手头有很多工作要做，我宁愿他明天来不是今天。would rather后面接从句，用虚拟语气，和现在和将来相反用一般过去式，和过去相反用过去完成时，选came。
【答案】 came
17．(2018·江苏南京二模)He was greatly shocked at the man's taking office. Never did he expect that the voters________be so unreasonable.
【解析】 句意：他对那个人的就职大为震惊。他从未料到选民竟然如此不理智。根据前面的greatly shocked可知，他感到出乎意料，故填should，表示惊讶和意外，意为“竟然”。
【答案】 should
18．(2018·湖南十三校第一次联考)I________thank you too much because without your help I wouldn't have won the first prize.
【解析】 句意：我再谢也不为过，因为没有你的帮助，我不可能获得一等奖。can't...too much 表示“再……也不为过”。
【答案】 can't
19．(2018·山西省省级名校联考) This printer is of good quality. If it__________(break) down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
【解析】 考查虚拟语气用法。前句表示打印机质量好，按道理第一年内不可能出故障，所以下句提出了一种将来的可能性不大的假设，由此判断为与将来事实相反的假设。
【答案】 should break/were to break/ broke
20．(2018·湖北七市教科研协作体联考)I________(go)to my cousin's birthday party last night, but I was not available.
【解析】 句意：要不是昨晚抽不出时间，我就去参加我堂弟的生日聚会了。结合句意和句中的but I was not available可知，题干前半句为含蓄条件句；由last night可知，该含蓄条件句表示对过去情况的虚拟，故谓语形式为would/should/could＋ have done。
【答案】 would/could/might have goneⅡ.单句改错
1．(2018·安徽合肥期中) When I got the papers, I realized that things would be better if I listened to the teacher attentively. __________
【解析】 根据语境和主句中的谓语realized可知，if引导的条件状语从句所叙述的事情与过去的事实相反，应用虚拟语气，故if条件状语从句的谓语动词应用过去完成时。
【答案】 listened前加had
2．(2018·石家庄市一模)Whenever I made mistakes and felt discouraged, my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I must have avoided them. __________
【解析】 根据语境可知，该句表示“过去本能够做但却未做”，故用could have done。
【答案】 must→could
3．(2018·成都经开区实验高级中学模拟)Therefore, we strongly suggested that similar events held more and more in the future! __________
【解析】 suggest在此处表示“建议”，后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“(should)＋动词原形”，其被动语态为(should) be done。
【答案】 held前加be
4．(2018·成都市模拟)In my opinion, by doing part-time jobs, college students must gain some social experience and broaden their outlooks. __________
【解析】 根据语境可知，此处表示通过做业余工作能够获得社会经验，而不是一定获得。
【答案】 must→can
5．(2018·银川一中二模)I suggest that our school must take measures to encourage more students to take part in sports. __________
【解析】 suggest在此处表示“建议”，后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“(should)＋动词原形”，should可省略。
【答案】 must→should或去掉must
6．(2018·云南省11校跨区调研考试)A real eco-travel should like this: take nothing away but your good memory; leave nothing behind but all clean water and green trees. __________
【解析】 此处like this为介词短语作表语，前面少了系动词be。
【答案】 should后加be
7. (2018·四川成都摸底考试)I believe everyone must have a bright future, as long as he or she makes an effort, taking an optimistic view of life. __________
【解析】 根据句中的as long as he or she...life(只要他或她努力，对生活持乐观的态度)可知，此处指“我相信每个人都会有一个美好的未来”，believe后的宾语从句应表示“有可能；会”，从句中可用情态动词can或will。must 表示“必须”，不符合语境。
【答案】 must→can/will
8．(2018·南昌十校二模)As a result，I suggest we are given less homework and more time for out-of-classroom activities. Only in this way can we live a happy and healthy life. __________
【解析】 虚拟语气错误。suggest在此处表示“建议”，因此后跟的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋do”形式，且should可以省略。故此处应把are改为be。
【答案】 are→be9．(2018·河北邯郸联考)When you walk into the gallery, you feel as if you are inside a fragile, white seashell.
__________
【解析】 as if后接表语从句， 根据句意“你感觉自己像是身处于一枚易碎的白色贝壳之内”可知，此处是对现在事实的虚拟，从句应用一般过去时。
【答案】 are→were
10．(2018·山东曲阜模拟)We needn't to do so much homework. Therefore, we have more time for after-school activities. __________
【解析】 need可作实义动词，有时态和数的变化；也可作情态动词，后接动词原形。根据needn't可知，need在此为情态动词，后接动词原形。
【答案】 去掉to