2019届高三英语二轮复习课件：第一部分 语法专题 第三节 形容词和副词(共53张PPT)

课件53张PPT。 第三节　形容词和副词
　考点一　形容词和副词的基本用法
1．形容词的基本用法
形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。
◆(2018·江苏卷)Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is reluctant to invest in sufficient training for his staff.
尽管旅馆服务不好，经理还不愿投入为员工提供足够的培训。
◆(2016·北京卷)Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to find the trail again.
天气状况太差，他想找到雪橇的轨迹是不可能的。
2．副词的基本用法
(1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或修饰整个句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。
◆(安徽卷)They gave money to the old people's home either personally or through their companies.
他们要么是亲自给敬老院钱要么是通过公司给敬老院钱。
◆(安徽卷)Thankfully, I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.
谢天谢地，我终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。(2)常考的连接性副词：though“然而，可是”(用于句末)；meanwhile“在此期间”；therefore/thus/consequently“因此，所以”；moreover/furthermore“此外”；besides“另外，还有”；however“然而”；instead“相反，代替”；anyway/anyhow“尽管，即使这样”；otherwise“否则”。
◆(天津卷)The young man couldn't afford a new car.Instead, he bought a used one.
那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。
◆(江西卷)The house was too expensive and too big. Besides, I'd grown fond of our little rented house.
这个房子太贵、太大了，而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空
1.(2018·沈阳铁路实验中学月考)More than 2，000 years ago, the brave and hard-working people of Eurasia explored and opened up several routes of trade and _________(culture) exchanges that linked the major civilizations of Asia, Europe and Africa.
2．(2018·湖南长沙六校联考)____________ (surprise), when I got home, I found a wet U．S. $20 bill stuck to the ground.
3．(2018·郑州一中调研)They can also make their own special sounds to keep the story ____________(interest) and attractive.
culturalSurprisinglyinteresting考点二　形容词和副词的比较等级
1．比较级和最高级的构成
(1)规则变化
　(2)不规则变化
2.比较等级的用法
(1)同级比较
①as＋adj./adv.(原形)＋as...“和……一样”；not as/so＋adj./adv.(原形)＋as...“和……不一样”。
◆(2018·河南中原名校联考)Since people are fond of humor, it is as welcome in conversation as anywhere else.
因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。
②当as... as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：
as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n.＋as...
as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as...
as＋much＋不可数名词＋as...
◆I'm not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today.
今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我很累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。
(2)比较级
“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”结构，表示“一方不及另一方……”。
◆(2018·桂林联考)To them, life is a competition—they have to do better than their peers to be happy.
对他们来说，生活已经变成了一场竞赛——他们总是在追赶更多的东西才能够真正的快乐。
(3)最高级
①表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构：“the＋最高级＋表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示“……是……中最……的”。
◆(四川卷)Andy is content with the toy. It is the best he has ever got.
安迪很满意这个玩具。这是他至今得到的最好的玩具。
②最高级的其他表达法
a．否定词＋比较级
b．比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词
比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词
比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词
比较级＋than anything/anyone else
◆Your story is perfect；I've never heard a better one before.
你的故事太完美了，我以前从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。
◆The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.
长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。
(4)含有比较等级的特殊句型
①“the＋adj./adv.?-er，the＋adj./adv.?-er” “越……，越……”
②“adj./adv.?-er＋and＋adj./adv.?-er” “越来越……”
③“the＋adj.?-er＋of the two＋名词” “某人或某物是两者中较……的那个”
④no more than“仅仅” not more than“至多；不超过”
⑤more... than...“与其说……不如说……”
⑥no＋比较级＋than “和……一样不……”
⑦not＋比较级＋than “不比……更……”
⑧倍数句型
a．A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
b．A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B
c．A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size, length, height等)＋of＋B
◆(天津卷)The more interaction the robot has with humans，the more it learns.
机器人与人类交流得越多，它学会的就越多。
◆More and more people realize the importance of learning a foreign language well.
越来越多的人认识到学好一门外语的重要性。
◆(江苏卷)The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.
总的来说，电子废弃物正以比传统垃圾快三倍的速度增加。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空
1．(2018·广东湛江调研)The more support you win from others，the _______(fast) you will move toward your goal.
2．(2018·河南南阳一中第三次考试)Secondly, if you don't want to waste time, divide the group task among all group members to make the job _______(easy)．
3．One of the _____(good) things about her lessons was that we didn't always have to study in an ordinary way.
fastereasierbest考点三　形容词和副词的词性转换
形容词和副词的词形变化及词性转换是形容词和副词的考查热点。如果用来修饰名词或在系动词后作表语，应用形容词形式；如果用来修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子，则应用副词形式。正确分析句子结构，判断设空处在句中所作的句子成分，并牢记转换形容词和副词的规则及构词法，是解答此类题目的关键。
1．常见的形容词后缀
(1)?-able：reasonable, comfortable, enjoyable, suitable, adjustable；
(2)?-al：natural, additional, educational, traditional, national；
(3)?-ant/?-ent：significant, important, excellent, different, convenient；
(4)?-ish：foolish, selfish, childish；
(5)?-ive：active, impressive, decisive, attractive, effective, instructive；
(6)?-ly：manly, scholarly, friendly, lively, deadly；
(7)?-ful：beautiful, wonderful, helpful, useful, successful, meaningful, thankful, powerful；
(8)?-ous：dangerous, generous, courageous, various；
(9)?-less：endless, aimless, powerless；
(10)?-y：sunny, windy, funny, cloudy, rainy, healthy, wealthy；
(11)?-d/?ed：united, organized, closed, wounded, developed, appreciated, used, crowded, polluted, worried, married, terrified, satisfied；
(12)?-ing：developing, living, sleeping
2．形容词转换为副词的变化规则
[对点演练]——单句语法填空/单句改错
1．( 2018·云南玉溪一中月考)Increase your exercise levels __________(nature) by walking or biking short distances instead of driving, or by taking the stairs instead of the elevator.
2．Seeing Jack, she ran to him and asked him to play with her for a while. “Sorry, Jane, but I'm _______(terrible) busy tonight.”
3．We are very proudly of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world. _______________
naturallyterriblyproudly→proudⅠ.单句语法填空
1．(2018·安徽合肥六中模拟)It was______(amaze) that our class won second place. Our efforts paid off! Cup in hand, we took a picture together.
【解析】 此处It为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句。
【答案】 amazing
2．(2018·河北名校联考)The spread of the Spring Festival is______(part) due to recent immigration from China. 9.5 million Chinese people have moved abroad since 1978.
【解析】 句意：春节的传播部分原因是近年来的中国移民。 自1978 年以来已经有950万中国人移居海外。空处在短语due to... China 前作状语，因此用副词。
【答案】 partly3．(2018·湖北省四地七校联考)Admittedly, we have the right to do whatever we want.______， violating others' rights is unacceptable.
【解析】 句意：无可否认，我们有权利做任何我们想做的事。然而，侵犯他人权利是不可接受的。根据语境可知，前后为转折关系。
【答案】 However
4．(2018·湖北省武昌区调考)In my opinion, success lies in a series of goals. ______， we should remember to make our targets clear and spare no effort to realize our dreams.
【解析】 句意：在我看来，成功在于制定一系列的目标。因此，我们应该记住，让我们的目标明确，不遗余力地实现我们的梦想。根据语境可知，前后为因果关系。
【答案】 Therefore
5．(2018·辽宁五校期末统考)You can imagine how ______(terrible) shy I was the moment I thought of that.
【解析】 句意：你可以想象，一想到那件事我是多么害羞啊！从设空位置看，空处在之后，要考虑使用形容词或者副词；再由其后的形容词shy可知需要用副词。
【答案】 terribly
6．(2018·广东阳春模拟)According to the Chinese proverb, “It is______( good) to go without food for three days, than without tea for one.”
【解析】 句意：据中国谚语所说，“宁可三日无饭，不可一日无茶。”由关键词than可知此处应用比较级形式。
【答案】 better
7．(2018·河北衡水八模)Nowadays young people never ______ (will) let their creativity be limited by their parents or traditional rules.
【解析】 句意：如今年轻人从不愿意让他们的创造力受到父母或传统规则的限制。空格处用来修饰谓语动词let，应用副词，will 先转化为形容词willing，willing的副词形式是在其后直接加-y。
【答案】 willingly
8．(2018·衡阳市模拟)The festival is one of the four ______ (large) ice and snow festivals in the world!
【解析】 考查比较等级。此处表示四个最大的冰雪节之一，故填largest。
【答案】 largest
9．(2018·宝鸡市模拟)It's natural that young people are often______(comfortable) when they are with their parents.
【解析】 考查派生词。根据句意，年轻人在父母面前应该是有所拘束的，故此处加否定前缀表示“不舒服的”。
【答案】 uncomfortable
10. (2018·长沙一中模拟)But 65% of the people are not in favor of this, because they think studying abroad costs over ten times as much as studying in China. ______， children are too young to take care of themselves.
【解析】 句意：但65%的人不赞成这一点，因为他们认为出国留学费用比在中国学习多十倍。此外，孩子太小，不能照顾自己。根据语境可知，前后为递进关系。
【答案】 Besides/Moreover/Furthermore/Additionally
11．(2018·沈阳监测)I received an ______ (amaze) look because he thought I was crazy. A Chinese workmate joined me.
【解析】 考查形容词。空处修饰名词“look”，形容人的表情，故用amazed。
【答案】 amazed12．(2018·新疆第二次适应性检测)There are many kinds of reference books available in the book market. A smart use of these books is certainly ______(benefit), but the misuse and overuse of them may cause a lot of problems.
【解析】 考查形容词。此处应用形容词作系动词is的表语。
【答案】 beneficial
13．(2018·湖北武汉高三调考)Floating on a pool of water at the base and looking up at the waterfall with a background of blue sky was one of the most ______(relax) experiences of my life.
【解析】 名词前应用形容词作定语，此处修饰experiences，故用relaxing“令人放松的”。
【答案】 relaxing
14．(2018·山东、安徽名校联考)Thinking his key was controversial，I devoted myself to the problem heart and soul, trying to figure it out in a different way. Twenty minutes ______(late), I succeeded in finding, in my opinion, the right key.
【解析】 句意：由于认为他的答案有争议，我全心全意地研究这一问题，试图用不同的方法把它解出来。二十分钟以后，我找到了自己认为正确的答案。late 表示“迟，晚”，later 表示“后来，以后”。
【答案】 later
15．(2018·沈阳监测)We felt safe for the next half hour so we decided to go even ______(far)．
【解析】 考查比较级。根据该句中的“even”可以判断，此处表示“我们决定走得更远一点”，故用far的比较级。
【答案】 farther16．(2018·东北三省四市二模)Uber said its flying vehicles would be much ______(quiet), cost less to operate and produce less pollution than helicopters.
【解析】 考查形容词比较级。根据下文的than可知，此处用比较级。
【答案】 quieter
17．(2018·广东七校联合体第二次联考)I was scanning the restaurant, waiting to sit at the first table that was ______(convenient) than others.
【解析】 考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“than”可知，空处用形容词的比较级。
【答案】 more convenient
18．(2018·福建六校联考)“Staying ______(health) while traveling” can help to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one.
【解析】 句意：“在旅行的过程中保持健康”有助于确保你的旅途开心、愉快。stay为系动词，意为“保持”，其后常接形容词作表语。故填healthy。
【答案】 healthy
19．(2018·广东湛江调研)The more support you win from others, the ______(fast) you will move toward your goal.
【解析】 句意：你赢得别人的支持越多，就会越快地接近你的目标。此处为“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，意为“越……越……”。因此，设空处应用比较级。故填faster。
【答案】 faster
20. (2018·安徽滁州中学模拟)______(obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destinations.
【解析】 句意：很明显，一个好习惯能够帮助我们加速抵达目的地。设空处修饰逗号后面的句子，作状语，应用副词。故填Obviously。
【答案】 Obviously
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2018·福建泉州一模) But I think we'd better have more outdoor activities. As students, we usually sit too longer in the classroom, and as a result our eyes and brains get tired. __________
【解析】 句意：但是我认为，我们最好进行更多的室外活动。作为学生，我们通常在教室里坐的时间太长，结果我们的眼睛和大脑变得疲劳。副词too修饰形容词、副词原级。
【答案】 longer→long
2．(2018·广东湛江模拟)Eventually, members of the English club will exchange gifts. I'm sure it will be a warmly get-together. __________
【解析】 此处修饰名词get-together应用形容词warm。
【答案】 warmly→warm
3．(2018·沈阳监测)Passing through several streets, we saw no one but only rubbish here and there. An hour later, I still couldn't bear to keep my eyes widely open.
__________
【解析】 考查副词。空处修饰形容词open，故用副词形式；wide本身就有副词词性，意为“完全地”。注意：此处不能填widely, widely主要表示距离远、范围大、地域广等。
【答案】 widely→wide
4．(2018·四川绵阳二诊) However, my favourite subject is music, especially classical music which often makes my heart peacefully. __________【解析】 句意：然而我最喜爱的科目是音乐，尤其是常常会使我心情平静的古典音乐。动词make 之后通常有复合宾语结构，即“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，宾语补足语通常由形容词充当。
【答案】 peacefully→peaceful
5．(2018·山西五校联考)It's true that the job market is much harder these days. Therefore, there are certainly some ways to make a living on our own. __________
【解析】 由语境可知，上下文之间有逻辑上的转折关系。句意：的确，近来劳务市形势更加艰难，然而一定有办法自己谋生。
【答案】 Therefore→However
6．(2018·山西五校联考)It's true that the job market is much more harder these days. __________
【解析】 考查形容词、副词比较级的构成。much修饰比较级，hard为单音节形容词，其比较级为harder，因此其前的more多余。
【答案】 删去more7．(2018·山东德州一模)It helps us understand the world better if we know a few geography and have at hand.
__________
【解析】 此处geography为不可数名词，因此其前应用little。(a) few用来修饰可数名词复数，(a) little修饰不可数名词。
【答案】 few→little
8．(2018·淄博市模拟)Personally speaking, the process of fighting for the goal is less important than the result.
__________
【解析】 句意：就我个人而言，奋斗的过程比结果更重要。故less改为more。
【答案】 less→ more
9．(2018·莆田市模拟)He worked hardly and overcame thousands of difficulties. __________
【解析】 hardly意为“几乎不”，而此处表示“努力”，应改为hard。
【答案】 hardly→ hard
10．(2018·河北衡水二调)If you decide to take Dr. Klein's advice, you can make yourself even happy by recommending the technique to others. __________
【解析】 句意：如果你决定采纳Klein博士的建议，你可以通过把这个技巧推荐给其他人而使自己更幸福。even修饰形容词比较级。
【答案】 happy→happier