2019届高三英语二轮复习课件：第一部分 语法专题 第十节 主谓一致和特殊句式(共63张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2019届高三英语二轮复习课件：第一部分 语法专题 第十节 主谓一致和特殊句式(共63张PPT) |  | |
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课件63张PPT。 第十节 主谓一致和特殊句式
主谓一致
考点一 语法一致
1．不定式、动名词和名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于作表语的名词的单复数。
◆(湖南卷)All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our health.
所有的科学证据都表明，在农业中使用的越来越多的化学品正在危害着我们的健康。
◆What he has said leaves much for us to think about.
他说的话发人深省。
2．表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常被看作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
◆Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.
对一个男孩来说，3000美元是一笔大数目。
3．如果主语后面带有as well as，with，along with，together with，rather than，but，except，besides，including，in addition to，in common with等加其他名词时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
◆(福建卷)The famous musician，as well as his students，was invited to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
那个著名的音乐家和他的学生应邀在2012年台北花卉博览会开幕式上表演。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(2018·湖南浏阳一中月考)A survey of the opinions of experts ________ (show) that three hours of outdoor exercise a week __ (be) good for one's health.
showsis2.What they need most ___ (be) money while what we need most ____(be) textbooks.
3．(2018·河南郑州一中质检)John as well as the other children who have no parents are being taken good care of in the village now. ________
考点二 意义一致
1. “分数/百分数/a lot of/plenty of/ the rest of/the majority of/half of/most of/some of...＋名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词由短语中的名词来确定。
isare→isare◆The factory used three fifths of the raw materials, the rest of which were saved for other purposes.
工厂用了这种原材料的五分之三，剩余部分节省出来作为他用。
◆Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.
总共有超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖。
2．“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。
◆The young, on the one hand, often think of the old conservative. On the other hand, the old always consider the young inexperienced.
一方面，年轻人常认为老年人保守；另一方面，老年人总是认为年轻人缺乏经验。
3. people，police等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；family，team，class，audience等作主语时，若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若指组成集体的成员，则用复数形式。
◆The class is made up of twenty boys and fifteen girls.
这个班由20个男生和15个女生组成。
◆The whole class were told to stay behind after school to have an important meeting.
全班学生被告知放学后留下开一个重要的会。
4. “a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，意为“许多”；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，意为“……的数量”。
◆The number of people invited was one hundred, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.
收到邀请的总共有100人，但很多人因为各种原因缺席了。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空/单句改错
1．The majority of visitors ______ (be) in favor of his conclusion that the number of books published on the subject _____ (be) simply surprising.
2．(2018·福建清流一中段考)As a result of people's destroying the forest, a larger quantity of desert ___________(cover) the earth in recent years.
werewashas covered3．(2018·陕西西安二模)The earth looks like a big blue ball, which is because two thirds of the earth's surface are made up of vast oceans. ________
考点三 就近一致
1．由or，nor，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数常和它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
◆(2018·贵州遵义二模)Not only John and Tom but also their sister，Mary，takes great interest in the piano lessons.
不仅是约翰和汤姆，就连他们的妹妹玛丽，也对钢琴课有极大的兴趣。are→is2. 在倒装句中谓语常与后面最接近的主语一致。
◆In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.
远处传来拍手声和人们的喊叫声。
3. There be 句式中，主语是两个或多个并列名词时，be的形式与最邻近的主语保持一致。
◆There are three chairs, a desk and a computer in my new office.
在我的新办公室里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空/单句改错
1．There ___ (be) a dog and three ducks in the yard, in the middle of which ____ (be) two tall trees with great shade.
2．(2018·江西南昌一模)Either you or one of your students __ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
3．(2018·聊城二模)Between the two rows of trees stand the teaching building. _____________
isareisstand→stands 特殊句式
考点一 倒装句
◆(2016·江苏卷)Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist?related activities in the rural areas.
直到近期，他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。
◆(湖南卷)Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.
他们讨论了那个问题几个小时之后才作出决定。◆(四川卷)We laugh at jokes, but seldom do we think about how they work.
我们听到笑话时会笑，却很少去考虑它们是如何让我们发笑的。
◆(陕西卷)John opened the door.There stood a girl he had never seen before.
约翰打开门，一个他以前从未见过的女孩站在那里。[对点演练]——单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(重庆卷)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _____ (lie) Chongqing, one of the ten largest cities in China.
2．(2018·广东执信中学期中)So difficult ____ I find it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.
3．(福建卷)Not until he went through real hardship he realize the love we have for our families is important.
_________________
liesdid在hardship后加 did考点二 强调句
1. 陈述句式：It is/was... that/who...(强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只用that)
一般疑问句：Is/Was ＋it＋... that/who...?
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋ it＋ that...?
◆(2017·天津卷)It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.
正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。
◆(四川卷)Was it on a longly island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?
他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗？
2．“not... until...”的强调句：It is/was not until... that...(注意时态)
◆(湖南卷)It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美，还因为它的天气。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(重庆卷)It was with the help of the local guide _____ the mountain climber was rescued.
2．(2018·北京海淀一模)Could it be in the restaurant where you had dinner with me yesterday _____ you lost your handbag?
thatthat 3．(2018·江苏泰州中学月考)It is the talent and hard work of the musical group which allow them to win over many fans.
___________
考点三 其他特殊句式
一、省略
1．状语从句的省略
当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词＋形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。
which→that◆(湖南卷)Children，when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
当孩子有父母陪伴的时候，他们是被允许进入体育馆的。
2．不定式的省略
(1) 在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语), 只保留不定式符号to。常用在expect, hope, intend, mean, try, want, wish等词后。
◆(2016·江苏卷)Firstly, people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don't want to.首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时，他们会感到是被迫的。
(2) but用作介词，意为“除……之外”时，前面有实义动词do, 后接不定式时，要省略to；但前面没有实义动词do时，后接的不定式不省略 to。
◆(陕西卷)If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.
如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之外他别无选择。
二、感叹句
1．what引导的感叹句
(1)What＋a/an＋(adj.)＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
(2)What＋(adj.)＋不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！
2. how引导的感叹句
(1)How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！
(2) How＋adj.＋a/an＋单词名词＋主语＋谓语！
(3) How＋主语＋谓语！
◆(辽宁卷)What a strange plant(＝How strange a plant)! I've never seen it before.
这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。
◆The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.
这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。三、祈使句
祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you(常省略)。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加don't, 也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。与祈使句有关的常考句型：
(1)祈使句＋and/or＋简单句
(2)名词词组(多含有more, another)＋and＋简单句◆(2018·北京卷) In any unsafe situation, simply press the button and a highly?trained agent will get you the help you need.
在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。
◆Start out right away，or we'll miss the first train.
立刻出发，否则的话，我们将要错过首班车。
四、there be句型
1．there be 句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。并且be有时可用 live, remain, stand, lie, exist, seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be等替换。
◆There have been many great changes in our country since then.
自从那时起我国发生了很多大的变化。
◆Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。
2．there be句型的常考句型：
There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义
There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事
There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing/ with sth.做某事(没)有困难
There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that...(做)某事(没)有可能性
[对点演练]——单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(北京卷)If __________ (accept) for the job, you'll be informed soon.
2．(2018·山西太原调研)______ seems to be much more support for the new policy among college students than among officials.
3．(2018·福建质检)Failing for the first time has made him come to know what important a second chance is.___________
4．Standing on the top of the tower and you'll enjoy the scenery of the whole city. _______________
acceptedTherewhat→howStanding→StandⅠ.单句语法填空
1．(2018·湖北八校第一次联考)The publication of Great Expectations，which________(be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist.
【解析】 句意：受到广泛好评和高度称赞的《远大前程》的出版巩固了狄更斯作为一名杰出小说家的地位。分析句子结构可知，which引导定语从句，其先行词是Great Expectations，这是一本书，所以定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式，另根据strengthened可知，此处应用一般过去时，故用was。
【答案】 was
2．(2018·广西梧州高三一模)Freddy gave him a job and housing and lent him pocket money while________(train) him.
【解析】 考查状语从句的省略。根据宾语him判断，train在此是动词，其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致，且二者为主动关系，故填现在分词。
【答案】 training
3．(2018·江苏四市调研)One has reason to believe that China's anti?corruption over the past few years，tough________it is，has achieved inspiring progress.
【解析】 句意：有理由相信在过去的几年里中国的反腐活动取得了令人鼓舞的成就，虽然该活动很艰难。as/though引导让步状语从句时采用了形式倒装。
【答案】 as/though
4．(2018·甘肃兰州一中高三月考)Each student________(learn) a foreign language, mostly English, from Day One of their compulsory education.
【解析】 主语是each student，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
【答案】 learns5．(2018·湖南怀化一模)More than one doctor________(be) involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.
【解析】 句意：许多医生都加入到了震后的营救工作中。“more than one＋可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。根据从句用一般过去时可知，主句也应用一般过去时。故填was。
【答案】 was
6．(2018·浙江金、温、台三市部分学校联考)A pair of glasses________(be)on the table, but the glasses________(be) yours.
【解析】 glasses前有A pair of修饰，表单数概念，a pair of glasses作主语时谓语动词用单数形式；glasses单独作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。又因句中有but，表示转折，故用否定形式。
【答案】 is; aren't
7．(2018·湖南益阳箴言中学模拟)He has donated some money to those who live in poverty, which________(be) of great help.
【解析】 句意：他给那些生活贫困的人捐了一些钱，这帮了大忙。which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代前面主句的内容，故从句谓语动词应用单数；根据空前的has donated可知此处应用一般现在时。故填is。
【答案】 is
8．(2018·湖南师大附中月考)Professor James will give us a lecture on Western culture, and he as well as his assistants________(be) to arrive by air.
【解析】 句意：詹姆斯教授将给我们做一次关于西方文化的演讲，他和他的助理将乘飞机到达。as well as连接并列成分时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与前面主语保持一致。
【答案】 is
9．There is a house near the river. There lives a man in the house and there________(be) a lot of fish in the river.
【解析】 此处表示河里有很多鱼。此处fish指的是鱼不是鱼肉，fish单复数同形，故谓语动词用复数are。
【答案】 are
10．(2018·四川部分名校联测)At the top of the hill________(lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.
【解析】 当介词短语置于句首时，句子应用完全倒装，去除修饰部分which has a wonderful view of the whole city后，还原成正常语序为：An old cottage________(lie) at the top of the hill.句意：山顶上坐落着一间能一览全城美景的古老小屋。结合定语从句的时态可以判断，此处应用一般现在时，故填lies。
【答案】 lies
11．(2018·湖北荆州中学质检)Only then________we realize there was an earthquake. I was too frightened to move.
【解析】 句意：只有在那时我们才意识到地震发生了。我太害怕了以至于一动不动。“only＋状语”位于句首，后面的句子需要部分倒装。本句介绍的是过去的事情，需用一般过去时，故填did。
【答案】 did
12．(2018·山东部分重点中学联考)Yes, of course they celebrate Christmas here, and there are obviously displays in shops and Christmas markets, but________seem to be no signs of Christmas adverts.
【解析】 句意：当然他们在这里庆祝圣诞节，而且很明显商店和圣诞节市场里有很多展览品，但是似乎没有圣诞广告的迹象。考查there be句型，be动词可用lie，exist，seem，remain等替代。
【答案】 there
13．(2018·贵州黔东南州第一次联考)However, don't feel disappointed or even doubt yourself as you are not the only one who________(find) it difficult to write well.
【解析】 句意：然而，不要失望或者甚至怀疑自己，因为你不是唯一觉得“写好很难”的人。the only one为who引导的定语从句的先行词，who在从句中作主语，其谓语动词的数要和先行词保持一致。故填finds。
【答案】 finds
14．(2018·温州十校联考)Not a single word________he say when he was asked, which made his parents angry.
【解析】 否定副词not位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，由when he was asked可知应用助动词did倒装。
【答案】 did
15．(2018·聊城市模拟)Not only________it lay stress on the natural beauty of a female figure, but it makes women's legs appear slimmer.
【解析】 考查助动词。not only位于句首，后面的句子应用部分倒装，根据后面的动词makes可判定时态为一般现在时，故填does。
【答案】 does
16．(2018·衡水中学模拟)In my life, it is music which is extremely important__________brings me closer to my friends and family.
【解析】 考查强调句型。根据强调句型的构成可知此处填that。
【答案】 that
17．(2018·陕西西安八校联考)As far as I can see，________is no possibility that he will win the tennis match this time.
【解析】 句意：依我看，他没有赢得这次网球比赛的可能性。There is no possibility that...意为“没有……的可能性”，为there be 句型。故填there。
【答案】 there
18．(2018·湖北四地七校联考)Not until the motorbike looked almost new________he stop repairing and cleaning it.
【解析】 句意：直到摩托车看起来几乎是新的时，他才停止修理和清洗它。not until...位于句首时，主句要部分倒装，再结合“looked”可知时态为一般过去时，故此处填助动词did。
【答案】 did
19．(2018·湖北襄阳四校联考)The little boy came riding at full speed down the motorway on his bicycle.________a dangerous scene it was!
【解析】 分析句子结构可知该句为感叹句，题干属于what＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语结构，故用What。
【答案】 What
20．(2018·江西九江高三一模)I was in trouble in overcoming my addiction to cowputer games, and________was my brother Bob.
【解析】 根据句意判断，所填的词要能表达出后一种情况与前面情况相同这一意义，故用so，构成“so＋谓语动词＋主语”这种倒装结构，表示“……也……”。
【答案】 soⅡ.单句改错
1．(2018·湖北省八校联考)Not until then I know my senior high school life had really begun. __________
【解析】 Not until置于句首，其后的主句应用部分倒装。
【答案】 I前加did
2．(2018·福州八中质检)As the saying go，“United we stand; divided we fall.” __________
【解析】 句子的主语 the saying是单数，谓语应用第三人称单数，故go改为goes。
【答案】 go→goes
3．(2018·西安市模拟)Then a foreigner and the boss was having a conversation, but the boss didn't know what the foreigner said. __________
【解析】 句子的主语a foreigner and the boss是两个人，故was改为were。
【答案】 was→were
4．(2018·甘肃张掖中学月考)None of the farmers in the small village can read or write, or can they speak the official language. __________
【解析】 语境表示“不……也不”，应该用“nor＋倒装句”结构。
【答案】 第二个or→nor
5．(2018·河南百校联盟教学质量检测)There was many tasks I had to finish. Besides，I attended English and Math training classes because of my weaknesses in the two subjects. __________
【解析】 考查there be...句型的主谓一致。be动词的单复数取决于后面紧邻的主语的单复数，此处主语为复数，be动词应用复数，故将was改为were。
【答案】 was→were
6．(2018·河北承德第一中学第三次月考)It was a year ago when Joshua got a bike at Christmas, and he rode it every day. __________
【解析】 句意：正是在一年前乔舒亚在圣诞节获得了一辆自行车，并且他每天都骑着这辆自行车。这是一个强调句，句中强调了时间状语“a year ago”。
【答案】 when→that
7．(2018·广东湛江调研)I'd like to invite you to the coming Christmas party, which will take place on the second floor of the dining hall as expect. __________
【解析】 句意：我想邀请你参加即将举行的圣诞晚会，晚会将在餐厅的二楼如期举行。根据句意以及句子结构可知，句中的as expect是as it is expected的省略形式。状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或其主语是it并且从句谓语是be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
【答案】 expect→expected
8．(2018·湖南长沙一模)Doing as well as you can today, and perhaps you may be able to do better tomorrow.
__________
【解析】 该句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，祈使句首应用动词原形，故将Doing改为Do。
【答案】 Doing→Do
9．(2018·江西省重点中学协作体联考)Not only our parents give us life, but they also give us endless love and support, always sharing our happiness and sorrow. __________
【解析】 not only位于句首时其后的句子用部分倒装，此处缺少助动词，故在not only后加助动词do。
【答案】 Not only后加do
10．(2018·江西省名校联盟质检)It seems to be much more support for the new policy among college students than among officials. __________
【解析】 句意：大学生对这项新政策的支持似乎比官员的支持要多一些。这里用了There be句式的变形——There seems to be。
【答案】 It→There
主谓一致
考点一 语法一致
1．不定式、动名词和名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于作表语的名词的单复数。
◆(湖南卷)All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our health.
所有的科学证据都表明，在农业中使用的越来越多的化学品正在危害着我们的健康。
◆What he has said leaves much for us to think about.
他说的话发人深省。
2．表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常被看作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
◆Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.
对一个男孩来说，3000美元是一笔大数目。
3．如果主语后面带有as well as，with，along with，together with，rather than，but，except，besides，including，in addition to，in common with等加其他名词时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
◆(福建卷)The famous musician，as well as his students，was invited to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.
那个著名的音乐家和他的学生应邀在2012年台北花卉博览会开幕式上表演。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(2018·湖南浏阳一中月考)A survey of the opinions of experts ________ (show) that three hours of outdoor exercise a week __ (be) good for one's health.
showsis2.What they need most ___ (be) money while what we need most ____(be) textbooks.
3．(2018·河南郑州一中质检)John as well as the other children who have no parents are being taken good care of in the village now. ________
考点二 意义一致
1. “分数/百分数/a lot of/plenty of/ the rest of/the majority of/half of/most of/some of...＋名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词由短语中的名词来确定。
isare→isare◆The factory used three fifths of the raw materials, the rest of which were saved for other purposes.
工厂用了这种原材料的五分之三，剩余部分节省出来作为他用。
◆Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.
总共有超过70%的地球表面被水覆盖。
2．“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。
◆The young, on the one hand, often think of the old conservative. On the other hand, the old always consider the young inexperienced.
一方面，年轻人常认为老年人保守；另一方面，老年人总是认为年轻人缺乏经验。
3. people，police等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；family，team，class，audience等作主语时，若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若指组成集体的成员，则用复数形式。
◆The class is made up of twenty boys and fifteen girls.
这个班由20个男生和15个女生组成。
◆The whole class were told to stay behind after school to have an important meeting.
全班学生被告知放学后留下开一个重要的会。
4. “a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，意为“许多”；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，意为“……的数量”。
◆The number of people invited was one hundred, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.
收到邀请的总共有100人，但很多人因为各种原因缺席了。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空/单句改错
1．The majority of visitors ______ (be) in favor of his conclusion that the number of books published on the subject _____ (be) simply surprising.
2．(2018·福建清流一中段考)As a result of people's destroying the forest, a larger quantity of desert ___________(cover) the earth in recent years.
werewashas covered3．(2018·陕西西安二模)The earth looks like a big blue ball, which is because two thirds of the earth's surface are made up of vast oceans. ________
考点三 就近一致
1．由or，nor，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，not...but...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数常和它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
◆(2018·贵州遵义二模)Not only John and Tom but also their sister，Mary，takes great interest in the piano lessons.
不仅是约翰和汤姆，就连他们的妹妹玛丽，也对钢琴课有极大的兴趣。are→is2. 在倒装句中谓语常与后面最接近的主语一致。
◆In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.
远处传来拍手声和人们的喊叫声。
3. There be 句式中，主语是两个或多个并列名词时，be的形式与最邻近的主语保持一致。
◆There are three chairs, a desk and a computer in my new office.
在我的新办公室里有三把椅子、一张桌子和一台电脑。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空/单句改错
1．There ___ (be) a dog and three ducks in the yard, in the middle of which ____ (be) two tall trees with great shade.
2．(2018·江西南昌一模)Either you or one of your students __ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
3．(2018·聊城二模)Between the two rows of trees stand the teaching building. _____________
isareisstand→stands 特殊句式
考点一 倒装句
◆(2016·江苏卷)Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist?related activities in the rural areas.
直到近期，他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。
◆(湖南卷)Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.
他们讨论了那个问题几个小时之后才作出决定。◆(四川卷)We laugh at jokes, but seldom do we think about how they work.
我们听到笑话时会笑，却很少去考虑它们是如何让我们发笑的。
◆(陕西卷)John opened the door.There stood a girl he had never seen before.
约翰打开门，一个他以前从未见过的女孩站在那里。[对点演练]——单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(重庆卷)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _____ (lie) Chongqing, one of the ten largest cities in China.
2．(2018·广东执信中学期中)So difficult ____ I find it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.
3．(福建卷)Not until he went through real hardship he realize the love we have for our families is important.
_________________
liesdid在hardship后加 did考点二 强调句
1. 陈述句式：It is/was... that/who...(强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只用that)
一般疑问句：Is/Was ＋it＋... that/who...?
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋ it＋ that...?
◆(2017·天津卷)It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.
正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。
◆(四川卷)Was it on a longly island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?
他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗？
2．“not... until...”的强调句：It is/was not until... that...(注意时态)
◆(湖南卷)It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美，还因为它的天气。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(重庆卷)It was with the help of the local guide _____ the mountain climber was rescued.
2．(2018·北京海淀一模)Could it be in the restaurant where you had dinner with me yesterday _____ you lost your handbag?
thatthat 3．(2018·江苏泰州中学月考)It is the talent and hard work of the musical group which allow them to win over many fans.
___________
考点三 其他特殊句式
一、省略
1．状语从句的省略
当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词＋形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。
which→that◆(湖南卷)Children，when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
当孩子有父母陪伴的时候，他们是被允许进入体育馆的。
2．不定式的省略
(1) 在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语), 只保留不定式符号to。常用在expect, hope, intend, mean, try, want, wish等词后。
◆(2016·江苏卷)Firstly, people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don't want to.首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时，他们会感到是被迫的。
(2) but用作介词，意为“除……之外”时，前面有实义动词do, 后接不定式时，要省略to；但前面没有实义动词do时，后接的不定式不省略 to。
◆(陕西卷)If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.
如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之外他别无选择。
二、感叹句
1．what引导的感叹句
(1)What＋a/an＋(adj.)＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
(2)What＋(adj.)＋不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！
2. how引导的感叹句
(1)How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！
(2) How＋adj.＋a/an＋单词名词＋主语＋谓语！
(3) How＋主语＋谓语！
◆(辽宁卷)What a strange plant(＝How strange a plant)! I've never seen it before.
这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。
◆The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.
这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。三、祈使句
祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you(常省略)。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加don't, 也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。与祈使句有关的常考句型：
(1)祈使句＋and/or＋简单句
(2)名词词组(多含有more, another)＋and＋简单句◆(2018·北京卷) In any unsafe situation, simply press the button and a highly?trained agent will get you the help you need.
在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅摁一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。
◆Start out right away，or we'll miss the first train.
立刻出发，否则的话，我们将要错过首班车。
四、there be句型
1．there be 句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。并且be有时可用 live, remain, stand, lie, exist, seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be等替换。
◆There have been many great changes in our country since then.
自从那时起我国发生了很多大的变化。
◆Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。
2．there be句型的常考句型：
There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义
There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事
There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing/ with sth.做某事(没)有困难
There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that...(做)某事(没)有可能性
[对点演练]——单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(北京卷)If __________ (accept) for the job, you'll be informed soon.
2．(2018·山西太原调研)______ seems to be much more support for the new policy among college students than among officials.
3．(2018·福建质检)Failing for the first time has made him come to know what important a second chance is.___________
4．Standing on the top of the tower and you'll enjoy the scenery of the whole city. _______________
acceptedTherewhat→howStanding→StandⅠ.单句语法填空
1．(2018·湖北八校第一次联考)The publication of Great Expectations，which________(be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist.
【解析】 句意：受到广泛好评和高度称赞的《远大前程》的出版巩固了狄更斯作为一名杰出小说家的地位。分析句子结构可知，which引导定语从句，其先行词是Great Expectations，这是一本书，所以定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式，另根据strengthened可知，此处应用一般过去时，故用was。
【答案】 was
2．(2018·广西梧州高三一模)Freddy gave him a job and housing and lent him pocket money while________(train) him.
【解析】 考查状语从句的省略。根据宾语him判断，train在此是动词，其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致，且二者为主动关系，故填现在分词。
【答案】 training
3．(2018·江苏四市调研)One has reason to believe that China's anti?corruption over the past few years，tough________it is，has achieved inspiring progress.
【解析】 句意：有理由相信在过去的几年里中国的反腐活动取得了令人鼓舞的成就，虽然该活动很艰难。as/though引导让步状语从句时采用了形式倒装。
【答案】 as/though
4．(2018·甘肃兰州一中高三月考)Each student________(learn) a foreign language, mostly English, from Day One of their compulsory education.
【解析】 主语是each student，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
【答案】 learns5．(2018·湖南怀化一模)More than one doctor________(be) involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.
【解析】 句意：许多医生都加入到了震后的营救工作中。“more than one＋可数名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。根据从句用一般过去时可知，主句也应用一般过去时。故填was。
【答案】 was
6．(2018·浙江金、温、台三市部分学校联考)A pair of glasses________(be)on the table, but the glasses________(be) yours.
【解析】 glasses前有A pair of修饰，表单数概念，a pair of glasses作主语时谓语动词用单数形式；glasses单独作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。又因句中有but，表示转折，故用否定形式。
【答案】 is; aren't
7．(2018·湖南益阳箴言中学模拟)He has donated some money to those who live in poverty, which________(be) of great help.
【解析】 句意：他给那些生活贫困的人捐了一些钱，这帮了大忙。which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代前面主句的内容，故从句谓语动词应用单数；根据空前的has donated可知此处应用一般现在时。故填is。
【答案】 is
8．(2018·湖南师大附中月考)Professor James will give us a lecture on Western culture, and he as well as his assistants________(be) to arrive by air.
【解析】 句意：詹姆斯教授将给我们做一次关于西方文化的演讲，他和他的助理将乘飞机到达。as well as连接并列成分时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与前面主语保持一致。
【答案】 is
9．There is a house near the river. There lives a man in the house and there________(be) a lot of fish in the river.
【解析】 此处表示河里有很多鱼。此处fish指的是鱼不是鱼肉，fish单复数同形，故谓语动词用复数are。
【答案】 are
10．(2018·四川部分名校联测)At the top of the hill________(lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.
【解析】 当介词短语置于句首时，句子应用完全倒装，去除修饰部分which has a wonderful view of the whole city后，还原成正常语序为：An old cottage________(lie) at the top of the hill.句意：山顶上坐落着一间能一览全城美景的古老小屋。结合定语从句的时态可以判断，此处应用一般现在时，故填lies。
【答案】 lies
11．(2018·湖北荆州中学质检)Only then________we realize there was an earthquake. I was too frightened to move.
【解析】 句意：只有在那时我们才意识到地震发生了。我太害怕了以至于一动不动。“only＋状语”位于句首，后面的句子需要部分倒装。本句介绍的是过去的事情，需用一般过去时，故填did。
【答案】 did
12．(2018·山东部分重点中学联考)Yes, of course they celebrate Christmas here, and there are obviously displays in shops and Christmas markets, but________seem to be no signs of Christmas adverts.
【解析】 句意：当然他们在这里庆祝圣诞节，而且很明显商店和圣诞节市场里有很多展览品，但是似乎没有圣诞广告的迹象。考查there be句型，be动词可用lie，exist，seem，remain等替代。
【答案】 there
13．(2018·贵州黔东南州第一次联考)However, don't feel disappointed or even doubt yourself as you are not the only one who________(find) it difficult to write well.
【解析】 句意：然而，不要失望或者甚至怀疑自己，因为你不是唯一觉得“写好很难”的人。the only one为who引导的定语从句的先行词，who在从句中作主语，其谓语动词的数要和先行词保持一致。故填finds。
【答案】 finds
14．(2018·温州十校联考)Not a single word________he say when he was asked, which made his parents angry.
【解析】 否定副词not位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，由when he was asked可知应用助动词did倒装。
【答案】 did
15．(2018·聊城市模拟)Not only________it lay stress on the natural beauty of a female figure, but it makes women's legs appear slimmer.
【解析】 考查助动词。not only位于句首，后面的句子应用部分倒装，根据后面的动词makes可判定时态为一般现在时，故填does。
【答案】 does
16．(2018·衡水中学模拟)In my life, it is music which is extremely important__________brings me closer to my friends and family.
【解析】 考查强调句型。根据强调句型的构成可知此处填that。
【答案】 that
17．(2018·陕西西安八校联考)As far as I can see，________is no possibility that he will win the tennis match this time.
【解析】 句意：依我看，他没有赢得这次网球比赛的可能性。There is no possibility that...意为“没有……的可能性”，为there be 句型。故填there。
【答案】 there
18．(2018·湖北四地七校联考)Not until the motorbike looked almost new________he stop repairing and cleaning it.
【解析】 句意：直到摩托车看起来几乎是新的时，他才停止修理和清洗它。not until...位于句首时，主句要部分倒装，再结合“looked”可知时态为一般过去时，故此处填助动词did。
【答案】 did
19．(2018·湖北襄阳四校联考)The little boy came riding at full speed down the motorway on his bicycle.________a dangerous scene it was!
【解析】 分析句子结构可知该句为感叹句，题干属于what＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语结构，故用What。
【答案】 What
20．(2018·江西九江高三一模)I was in trouble in overcoming my addiction to cowputer games, and________was my brother Bob.
【解析】 根据句意判断，所填的词要能表达出后一种情况与前面情况相同这一意义，故用so，构成“so＋谓语动词＋主语”这种倒装结构，表示“……也……”。
【答案】 soⅡ.单句改错
1．(2018·湖北省八校联考)Not until then I know my senior high school life had really begun. __________
【解析】 Not until置于句首，其后的主句应用部分倒装。
【答案】 I前加did
2．(2018·福州八中质检)As the saying go，“United we stand; divided we fall.” __________
【解析】 句子的主语 the saying是单数，谓语应用第三人称单数，故go改为goes。
【答案】 go→goes
3．(2018·西安市模拟)Then a foreigner and the boss was having a conversation, but the boss didn't know what the foreigner said. __________
【解析】 句子的主语a foreigner and the boss是两个人，故was改为were。
【答案】 was→were
4．(2018·甘肃张掖中学月考)None of the farmers in the small village can read or write, or can they speak the official language. __________
【解析】 语境表示“不……也不”，应该用“nor＋倒装句”结构。
【答案】 第二个or→nor
5．(2018·河南百校联盟教学质量检测)There was many tasks I had to finish. Besides，I attended English and Math training classes because of my weaknesses in the two subjects. __________
【解析】 考查there be...句型的主谓一致。be动词的单复数取决于后面紧邻的主语的单复数，此处主语为复数，be动词应用复数，故将was改为were。
【答案】 was→were
6．(2018·河北承德第一中学第三次月考)It was a year ago when Joshua got a bike at Christmas, and he rode it every day. __________
【解析】 句意：正是在一年前乔舒亚在圣诞节获得了一辆自行车，并且他每天都骑着这辆自行车。这是一个强调句，句中强调了时间状语“a year ago”。
【答案】 when→that
7．(2018·广东湛江调研)I'd like to invite you to the coming Christmas party, which will take place on the second floor of the dining hall as expect. __________
【解析】 句意：我想邀请你参加即将举行的圣诞晚会，晚会将在餐厅的二楼如期举行。根据句意以及句子结构可知，句中的as expect是as it is expected的省略形式。状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致，或其主语是it并且从句谓语是be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。
【答案】 expect→expected
8．(2018·湖南长沙一模)Doing as well as you can today, and perhaps you may be able to do better tomorrow.
__________
【解析】 该句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，祈使句首应用动词原形，故将Doing改为Do。
【答案】 Doing→Do
9．(2018·江西省重点中学协作体联考)Not only our parents give us life, but they also give us endless love and support, always sharing our happiness and sorrow. __________
【解析】 not only位于句首时其后的句子用部分倒装，此处缺少助动词，故在not only后加助动词do。
【答案】 Not only后加do
10．(2018·江西省名校联盟质检)It seems to be much more support for the new policy among college students than among officials. __________
【解析】 句意：大学生对这项新政策的支持似乎比官员的支持要多一些。这里用了There be句式的变形——There seems to be。
【答案】 It→There