2019届高三英语二轮复习课件：第一部分 语法专题 第四节 动词时态和语态(共66张PPT)

课件66张PPT。 第四节　动词时态和语态
考点一　一般时态
一、 一般现在时
1．一般现在时的构成
2.表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, never, sometimes, usually, every day/night等连用。
◆(陕西卷)On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work though the actual distance is only 20 miles.
周一早晨开车上班我一般要花费一个小时，虽然实际距离只有20英里。
3．按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于go, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, come等动词。
◆Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18：20.
看看时间表。快点儿吧！4026航班18：20起飞。
4．用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。
◆(新课标全国卷Ⅰ)If we don't act now to protect the environment, we'll live to regret it.
如果我们现在不行动起来保护环境，将来我们会后悔的。
二、一般过去时
1．一般过去时的构成
一般过去时由动词的过去式表示，规则动词的过去式一般由动词原形加-ed构成，不规则动词的过去式及过去分词变化详见附录。
2.表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often, usually, seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday, the other day, last week, the day before yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。
◆(2018·北京卷)—Hi, I'm Peter. Are you new here? I haven't seen you around.
——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。
—Hello, Peter. I'm Bob. I just started on Monday.
——你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。
三、一般将来时
1．“shall/will＋动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow, next year, in＋一段时间等连用。其中shall通常用于第一人称，will通常用于各种人称。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。
◆(2016·北京卷)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.
学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报。
◆(北京卷)—What time is it？——几点了？
— I have no idea. But just a minute, I will check it for you.
——我不知道。你稍等，我给你查查。
2．“be going to＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。
◆Look, dark clouds are gathering. It is going to rain soon, I think.
瞧，乌云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。
◆(天津卷)Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.
无论是在家里还是在工作场所，在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。
3．“be to＋动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。
◆You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.
到10点你得交上试卷。
4．“be about to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。
◆Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird.
汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空
1．(2018·广东惠州高三调)Bike-sharing is a greener method of transportation and ________(provide) a more friendly experience.
2.(2018·福建厦门双十中学模拟)Life is about giving and taking，and it's generally true that if you give, you ___________(receive)．
3.(2018·湖北重点中学高三联考)In Tsinghua, he met his wife Yang Jiang, who was to become a successful playwright and translator, and _________(marry) her in 1935.
provideswill receivemarried考点二　进行时态
一、进行时的构成
现在进行时由“am/ is/are＋现在分词”构成；过去进行时由“was/were＋现在分词”构成；将来进行时由“will/shall＋be＋现在分词”构成。其变化规则如下：
二、现在进行时
1．表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。
◆(江苏卷)We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.
我们今天面对的是一个陌生的新世界，并且我们都在想我们要做什么。
2．表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用于go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, sleep, stay, have, wear, run out等动词。
◆(重庆卷)Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out. We must act immediately before there's none left.
洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前马上行动。
三、过去进行时
1．表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time, at that moment, at this time yesterday, at ten o'clock yesterday等连用。
◆(2018·北京卷) Susan had quit her well-paid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
苏珊已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候，她正在一个社区里做志愿者。
2．表示一个过去的动作正在进行时，另一个过去的动作发生了，常与when, while引导的时间状语从句连用。
◆(2016·北京卷)Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.
突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。
四、将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如：at this time tomorrow，by then, from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。
◆(天津卷)Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time.
简不能参加今天下午三点的会，因为她那个时间段有课。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空
1．(2017·北京卷)People have better access to health care than they used to, and they ___________(live) longer now as a result.
are living2．(2018·河北正定中学高三期中)A woman who ___________(sit) with her son made eye contact with me and asked me to come to her.
3.(陕西卷)—Can I call you back at two o'clock this afternoon?
—I'm sorry, but by then I ___________(fly) to Beijing. How about five?
was sittingwill be flying考点三　完成时态
一、现在完成时
1．表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语：already, just, yet, never, before, lately, recently, in the last(past) few days/years, up to now, till now, so far等。
◆(2018·北京卷) China's high-speed railways have grown from 9，000 to 25，000 kilometers in the past few years.
在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9，000公里增长到25，000公里。
◆(2016·江苏卷)He has already received three similar invitations this week.
本周他已经收到了三个相似的邀请。
2．表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：since＋时间点； for＋时间段等。
◆(湖南卷)—I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me?
——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？
—Sorry, I haven't played the piano for years.
——抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。
3．在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。
◆Will you come to my office when you have finished your work?
你完成工作后到我办公室来一下，好吗？
二、过去完成时
1．表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。
◆(2016·天津卷) When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I hadn't seen for years.
当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的戴维。
2．表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语：before, by then, by that time, by the end of, by the time＋从句等。
◆(北京卷)It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done for me.
很久以后我才能够完全领会到他们为我做的一切。3．表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, plan, intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。
◆I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.
昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空
1.(2016·北京卷)I __________(read) half of the English novel, and I'll try to finish it at the weekend.
2．(北京卷)—Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house?
—Not really. She _________(give) us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.
3．(2018·成都七中诊断)This is the first time I ___________(come) to Chengdu and I am truly impressed by the lifestyle of people here.
have readhad givenhave come考点四　完成进行时
考纲对完成进行时要求考生掌握的是现在完成进行时。其构成为：have/has been＋现在分词。
1．表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常见的时间状语：all this morning, this month, these few days, since和for引导的状语从句等。
◆(2016·北京卷)—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?
——打扰了，你们在等哪部电影？
—The new Star Wars. We have been waiting here for more than two hours.
——新上映的《星球大战》，我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。
2．所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。
◆(2016·北京卷)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.
学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报的。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空
1.(2016·江苏卷)Dashan, who ________________(learn) crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.
2．(福建卷)—Where is Peter？I can't find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and ________________(write) his essay there ever since.
has been learninghas been writing3．(2018·浙江瑞安四校联考)They ________________(work) on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we ____________(work) on it as no good results have come out so far.
考点五 动词语态
一、被动语态的构成和基本用法
1．被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下：
had been workingare working◆(2018·北京卷) A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.
一个救援人员冒着生命危险，挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。
◆(2018·天津卷)My washing machine is being repaired this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。
◆ (安徽卷)While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted, Henry did his best to perform his duty.
在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。
2．被动语态的使用场合：(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；(2)强调动作的承受者时。
◆(安徽卷)It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.
据报道，人们在接下来的几年里将在月球上建一个空间站。
二、主动表示被动意义
1．“系动词feel, sound, taste, look, smell, appear, seem, turn, stay, become, get, grow, keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。
◆This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well.
这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。
2．当sell, read, cut, wash, write, open, wear, run, burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。
◆Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers.
你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空/单句改错
1．(2018·江苏卷)I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ________________(carry) out in the past two years.had been carried2．(2017·江苏卷)He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he __________________(follow)．
3．(2016·江苏卷)More efforts, as reported, _____________(make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
4．(2017·北京卷) In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones hadn't invented yet. _________________
was being followedwill be made在invented前加beenⅠ.单句语法填空
1．(2018·湖南长沙长郡中学月考)The beauty of the views couldn't ______(imagine) and they left me with many great memories.
【解析】 句意：这些景色的美是无法想象的，它们给我留下了许多美好的回忆。imagine和The beauty of the views之间为动宾关系，且根据句意可知应用被动语态；含情态动词的被动语态的构成是：情态动词＋be done。
【答案】 be imagined
2．(2018·山西运城期中)The first electrical air conditioner ______(invent) by Willis Haviland Carrier in 1902.
【解析】 句意：第一台电动空调是由威利斯·哈维兰·开利于1902年发明的。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语；根据时间状语in 1902可知，此处应用一般过去时；invent与air conditioner之间存在动宾关系，故用被动语态。
【答案】 was invented
3．(2018·浙江嘉兴基础测试)By that time，she ______(accept) by Yale University and Harvard University in the U．S.
【解析】 根据by that time可知，此处用过去完成时，she与accept之间为被动关系，故填had been accepted。
【答案】 had been accepted
4．(2018·聊城检测)Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also ______(give) us a sense of fair play and team spirit.
【解析】 考查时态。not only...but also连接两个平行结构，因此所填动词与makes一致，故填gives。
【答案】 gives
5．(2018·广东深圳二模)It ______(rain) at that time and the streets were full of holes which were full of water.
【解析】 根据时间状语at that time可知，当时正在下雨，即“下雨”这一动作在过去某段时间内正在进行。故用过去进行时。
【答案】 was raining
6．(2018·沈阳监测一)This is the first time I ________ (experience) sandstorms and I don't ever want to be in one again.
【解析】 考查动词的时态。根据“This is the first time”可知，从句用现在完成时。
【答案】 have experienced
7．(2018·贵州适应性测试)Hardly had I got home when the rain__________(pour) down.
【解析】 hardly...when...意为“刚……就……”，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
【答案】 poured8．(2018·梧州一模)I say to him with a cheerful smile, “Go to exercise and you______(feel) better.”
【解析】 此题考查时态，祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时。
【答案】 will feel
9．(2018·浙江台州期末考试)We______(reduce) emission of air pollutants in recent years, but cars are still major source of them.
【解析】 由句中的时间状语in recent years可知，应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
【答案】 have reduced/have been reducing
10．(2018·江西南昌一模)At a young age, he______(move) to Spain and now plays professionally for the FC Barcelona.
【解析】 根据时间状语at a young age可知，此处表示过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
【答案】 moved
11．(2018·浙江金丽衢州十二校联考)I just graduated from West Coast University. I______(receive) job skill training just before that, but I had never worked.
【解析】 此处根据just before that可知，我在之前受过职业技能的培训，根据上句中的一般过去时可知，此处应用过去完成时。
【答案】 had received
12．(2018·浙江金华十校模拟)Doctors and scientists ______(learn) a great deal about sleep in the last thirty years.
【解析】 根据in the last thirty years可知，本句应用现在完成时。
【答案】 have learned
13．(2018·合肥第一次检测)It's fun for amateurs to try, but to become good at it, not only years of practice but also natural talent______(need)．
【解析】 考查主谓一致和被动语态。“not only...but also...”作主语，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则，故此处谓语动词应用单数。natural talent与动词need之间是动宾关系，故用is needed。
【答案】 is needed
14．(2018·重庆巴蜀中学一诊)For more than 50 years，travelers______(use)the international driver's license to travel in foreign countries.
【解析】 句意：50多年来，游客们一直在使用国际驾照到外国游玩。根据时间状语for more than 50 years可知， 此处应该用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时。
【答案】 have used/have been using
15．(2018·吉林长春外国语学校)It was the fourth time she______(shop) online for hours. I had already reminded her to think twice before buying anything，but my wife ignored what I had said.
【解析】 “It was＋第几次＋过去完成时”是固定句式。
【答案】 had shopped
16．(2018·湖南郴州第一次质检)The first practical cooling system for use in industry______(invent)by Willis Carrier in New York，the USA.
【解析】 设空处是句子的谓语动词，动作与主语之间是被动关系，此处描述过去的事实，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
【答案】 was invented
17．(2018·山西太原期末)The reason for this is that Britain's supermarkets______(experience) huge changes in the past decades.
【解析】 根据题干中的时间状语in the past decades可知，此处应该用现在完成时。
【答案】 have experienced
18．(2018·辽宁东北育才中学五模)In today's world we are constantly surrounded by technology. It's true to say that technology ______(make) our lives easier.
【解析】 句意：在当今世界上我们始终被科技包围着。说科技让我们的生活变得更容易这是真的。设空处是从句的谓语动词，根据语境和are constantly surrounded可知，此处应该是现在时，由于描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为不可数名词，故填makes。
【答案】 makes
19. (2018·安徽合肥重点中学联考)The full railway, which includes 72-kilometer section through Beijing, ______ (complete) in four and a half ago.
【解析】 句意：这一整条铁路，其中有72千米经过北京，将在四年半内完工。设空处作主句的谓语，根据时间状语in four and a half years可知，应用一般将来时；且主语The full railway与complete之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。
【答案】 will be completed
20．(2018·辽宁六校期末联考)When we got home，she was fine except that all her books______(throw)out of the window.
【解析】 句意：当我们到家时，她一切都好，就是把她所有的书都扔到了窗外。设空处是that从句的谓语动词，与从句主语all her books是被动关系，且该动作发生在got之前，是过去的过去。所以此处要用过去完成时的被动语态。
【答案】 had been thrown【答案】 lighting→lighted/lit/light
2．(2018·长沙市联考)To collect opinions from the public, an online survey has made these days. __________
【解析】 an online survey与make之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。
【答案】 has后加been
3．(2018·周口市模拟)I'm glad to know you are interested in Chinese songs and wanted to learn them. __________
【解析】 and前的动词am，are说明句子整体时态为一般现在时，根据时态的一致性，把wanted改为want。
【答案】 wanted→want
4．(2018·河北邯郸一模)It has been a long time since we meet in China last time. __________
【解析】 It has been＋一段时间＋since...句式中时间状语用过去时。
【答案】 meet→met
5．(2018·贵阳监测)Once I went to the market with my mum for a big dinner on Saturday. When we were walking past the stalls，a loud noise was caught my attention.
__________
【解析】 考查动词语态。主语a loud noise与catch之间构成主谓关系，表主动，故删除was。
【答案】 删除was
6．(2018·洛阳统一考试)When Dad came home, he noticed my uneasiness and asked me what has happened.
__________
【解析】 考查动词时态。与asked呼应可知，此处应用过去完成时，表示过去的过去。
【答案】 has→had7．(2018·重庆西北狼教育联盟联考)Although the best doctors called for him, he could still find no relief. I have realized that health is worth all the money in the world.
__________
【解析】 考查主谓一致、时态和语态。主语the best doctors为复数且和动词call之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态；这里讲述的是过去发生的事情，故用were。
【答案】 called前面加were
8．(2018·安徽马鞍山期中测试)With the development of technology, more and more consumers are given up traditional payment methods for digital currency. __________
【解析】 句意：随着科技的发展，越来越多的消费者正在放弃传统的支付方式，转而使用数字货币。这里表示当前阶段正在发生的动作，应用现在进行时，且主语与give up之间是主动关系，应用主动语态。
【答案】 given→giving
9．(2018·福建福州十三中期中考试)Today I've got wonderful news to tell you.I had been offered a job at a company in England for my good performance. __________
【解析】 根据句意可知，指过去的动作对现在造成的结果，应用现在完成时。
【答案】 had→have
10. (2018·山东青岛模拟)What's more, thousands of tourists from the world came here every year, which is really splendid. __________
【解析】 根据时间状语every year及从句为一般现在时可知，主句应用一般现在时，故将came改为come。
【答案】 came→come