2019年中考二轮专题系列语法复习:介词 课件+学案+练习

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名称 2019年中考二轮专题系列语法复习:介词 课件+学案+练习
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更新时间 2019-02-18 13:12:58

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中考英语复习介词学案
考情分析
介词一般用于名词前,和名词组成介词短语。各地中考试题中,介词是一个重要考点。测试内容包括:时间介词的用法,地点介词的用法,介词的固定搭配,易混介词的区别等。考查题型主要有单项选择,完成句子,句型转换,完型填空等。
学习目标
1. 掌握时间介词的用法;
2. 掌握地点、方位介词的用法;
3. 掌握介词的固定搭配;
4. 掌握易混介词的区别
5. 准确完成介词的相关练习。
介词的分类
分类
说明
例词
按照构词分类
简单介词
由一个单词构成的介词
at在……;before在…..之前,beside在……旁边; between在…中间;for为了,对于;in在··…里面,
by在……附近;;on在……上;with和……,用……
合成介词
由两个词合成在一起构成的介词
into到……里; inside在……里面; onto在之上;nearby在……附近; without没有,不;within在……之内
短语介词
由一个词组构成的
起介词作用的短语
From...to到……里,inside在…….里面,;because of因为:in front of在……中间next to紧挨着;in the middle在……..中间
按照词义分类
时间介词
after在……之后;at在……(点),before在……之前; by到…... ; during在……期间;;in在……(段)) ;until直到…
地点介词
above在……上方;among在……中间;behind在……后面;below在……下方;off从……离开;above:在……正上方;under在……下面
方向介词
across横穿……;into到……里;onto到……之上;through穿过……,to到;
;towards朝
方式介词
by借助,in用,with用……
考点一 时间介词
1. at
多用于具体钟点前,如:at seven, at a quarter to one; 也可用于固定搭配中。
如:at noon, at night
例:(2018· 四川凉山)30. Our classes are over noon and then we go to have a rest 1: 00 in the afternoon.
A. at; at B. in; in C. In; at D. at; in
2. in
表示一段时间,用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指的一天的上午、下午、晚上等前。
如:in the twenty-first century在21世纪,in autumn 在秋天,in the morning 在早晨
还可用于表示“从现在起,多长时间以后或多久之后”的短语中。
例:(2018?上海中考)Karen and Lily will go to Russia to watch the 2018 World Cup______July.
A.on B.in C.at D.of
3. on
主要用在星期几、具体某一天或某一天的早、中、晚或节日前。
如:on Mid-Autumn Day 在中秋节 on June 1st 在6月1日
例1:(2018?贵州黔南)My parents often go to the movies________ Saturday evenings.
A. on B. in C. for D. at
例2: (2018·湖南湘西) —When is your birthday, Mike?
—My birthday is ___ June 3rd.
A. on B. in C. at
4. by + 时间点
表示“到……时为止”,如果by后跟一个过去的时间点,句子应用过去完成时。
如:We had learned 1,000 English words by the end of last term. 到上个学期末,我们已经学了1,000个英语单词。
during
后接时间段,与延续性动词连用表示某期间的动作。
如:He lives with us during these years. 这些年他跟我们一起住。
例:(2018·山东东营) —It is said that children in South Korea have to hike and walk through mountains at night _________ their military (军事的) training.
—Really? So their training is much harder than ours.
? ?? ? A. after? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???B. since? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? C. during? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?D. before
until
用于否定句中,意为“直到……才”,其前的谓语动词多用瞬间性动词;用于肯定句中,意为“直到……为止”,其前的谓语动词须用延续性动词。
如:I didn’t leave until my mother came home.
I waited for my mother until she came home.
7. since,from与for
(1)since指从某时一直延续至今,后接时间点,与完成时连用。
如:He has lived here since 1993.
(2)from说明开始的时间,谓语可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态。
如:From now on,I will learn English in the morning.
(3)for指动作延续贯穿整个过程,后接时间段,表示“持续……时间”。常与完成时连用。
如:I have studied English for six years.
8. after与in
(1)after与时间段连用,用于过去时。
如:They finished the work after two years.
(2)after与时间点连用,用于将来时。
如:I’ll ring you up after two o’clock.
(3)in与时间段连用,指“在……之后”,表示从说话起的一段时间后,常与将来时连用。
如:The bus will be here in ten minutes.
例: (2018·广东省)—How soon will we get the offer from a new high school?
— about two months.
A. In B. For C. Among D. During
▲注:不用介词表达时间的几种情况
1.当表示时间的词前有this, that时,其前面不用介词,如:this morning
2.当表示时间的词前有next时,其前面不用介词,如:next Sunday
3.当表示时间的词前有last时,其前面不用介词,如:last Sunday
4.当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时,其前面不用介词
考点二 地点介词与方位介词
1.方位介词on, over, above
(1)介词on表示一物放在另一物上面,两者紧贴在一起
如:The book is on the table.
(2)介词over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系,即“在…上方”
如:Is there any bridge over the river?桥在河流之上吗?
(3)介词above表示一般的“高于…”,“在…之上”
如:There was an electric clock电子钟 above his bed.
2.方位介词under与below
(1)介词under是over的反义词即“在…下方”
如:They were seen under the tree.
(2)介词below是above的反义词即“低于…”,“在…之下”
如:They live below us.他们住在我们下面(楼下)
3.方位介词across, through,over
(1)介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”,强调从表面穿过。 如:She went across the street to do some shoppng.
(2)介词through着重于“穿越”,强调从一定的空间内部穿过。
如:The sunlight was coming in through the window.
(3)介词over多表示从“上方越过”
如:He failed to go over the mountain穿越大山; he had to go round it.
4. 方位介词in, on和to
in表示在某一地区之内(属于该范围);to表示在某一地区之外(不属于改范围);on表示与某地的毗邻关系。
如:Fujian Province is in the south-east of China. 福建省位于中国的东南部。
China is to the west of Japan. 中国在日本的西边。
地点介词at, in和on
at与较小的地点连用;in与较大的地点连用;on表示在一个平面上。
如:at home 在家;in China 在中国;on the farm 在农场
6. in front of, in the front of和before
(1)in front of表示“在……的前面”(范围外)。
如:There are some trees in front of the classroom. 教室前面有一些树。
(2)in the front of表示“在……的前部”(范围内)。
如:Put the shortest flowers in the front of the bunch. 把最短的花放在花束的靠前位置。
(3)before所表示的位置关系和in front of相同,表示“在……前面”。
如:He sits before me. 他坐在我前面。
考点三 方式介词
1. by+动词-ing 表示“通过……方式”
如:The blind learn something by touching. 盲人通过触摸学习东西。
2. by+交通工具 表示“搭乘……”
如:by bus乘公共汽车   by ship乘船
by taxi乘出租车  by train乘火车
by plane乘飞机
▲注:by car=in a/his car 坐车;by plane=in a plane坐飞机;by bike=in a bike骑自行车
例:(2018·山东青岛中考)More and more people in Qingdao go to work ______ subway now.
A. with B. on C. in D. by
3.“by+水陆空状态词”也表示交通方式。
如:by road公路运输;乘汽车  by land陆地运输
by sea海路运输;乘船 by water水路运输;乘船
by air航空运输;坐飞机
4. by+通讯方式 表示“用……作为联系方式”
如:by letter书信联系;以书信的方式
by express快递    by e-mail邮件联系
5. by固定搭配:
by hand手工制作;用手   by far到目前为止
by the time到……的时候 by name用……的名字
by the name of名叫……的
in+语言 表示“用……语言”
如:in Chinese 用中文
7. in固定搭配
如:in time及时       on time准时
in the sun在阳光下 in a moment立刻
in no time立刻 in life在生活中
in a low/high voice低声说/高声说
8. with+具体的工具或五官 表示“用……”
如:eat with a spoon用勺子吃
write with a pencil用铅笔写
We see with our eyes,and hear with our ears. 我们用眼睛看,用耳朵听。
9. be made of/from由……制成
如:The desk is made of wood. 这个书桌是用木头做的。
Bread is made from wheat. 面包是小麦做的。
10. be made in+地名在某地制造
如:Most of the phones are made in China. 大多数手机在中国制造。
例:(2018?湖北十堰)29. –Your sweater looks nice. Is it made of wool?
—Yes, and it’s made ______ Shanghai.
A. by B. in C. for D. from
考点四 易混介词的区别
1.表示计量的介词:at, for, by
(1) at表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。
如:It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。
I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。
for表示“用……交换,以……为代价”。
如:He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。
▲注:at表示单价(price) ,for表示总钱数。  
(3)by表示“以……计”,后跟度量单位。
如:They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。
Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。
2.表示好像或当作的介词:like, as
(1)like表示“像……一样”,其实不是。
如:Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud.
彼得大帝像他的国家一样强健和自豪。
(2)as表示“作为,以……身份”,其实也是。
如:He talked to me as a father. 他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。
▲注:as作连词时,可表示“好像……”。
如:The work is not so difficult as you imagin这工作不像你想像的那么困难。
3.表示支持或反对的介词:against, for
against反对,for支持,互为反义词。
如:Are you for my idea or against it? 你赞同还是反对我的想法?
例: (2018·安徽)Our class are much sure to win the basketball game ______ Class Three.
A. of B. in C. against D. from
4.原因介词because、as、for的用法辨析
(1)介词because表示“因为;由于”指直接的,用来回答why的问句,语气最强。 如:The boy didn’t go to school yesterday because he was ill.
(2)介词as表示“由于”指一种显而易见、谈话双方已知的理由。 如:She stayed at home as she had no car.
(3)介词for表示 “因为,由于”指一种间接原因,
如:It must have rained last night, for the road is wet路面湿滑.
5.表示“用”的介词in、with、by的用法辨析
介词in表示“用材料、声音,语言”
介词with表示“用工具、某物”
介词by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”
如:Can you say it in English?用英语说
I draw a picture with a color pen.用彩色笔写字
The girl made money by selling flowers.女孩通过卖花来赚钱
例1:(2018·广西河池) 33. You can improve your English ________ listening to English songs.
A. by B. with C. for D. in
例2:(2018山东潍坊)Students here often do physics experiments _______small groups.
A. by B. in C. for D. at
6.介词between与among的用法辨析
介词between 表示“在两者之间”
介词among表示“在…当中(三者或以上)之间
如:Don’t sit between the two girls.
The bad news spread among the students quickly.
例:(2018·浙江嘉兴舟山)语法填空
At a zoo in Germany, an unusual friendship developed 46 a cat and a bear.
7.介词besides与except的用法辨析
介词besides表示“除…之外(全部包括在内)”
介词except表示“除…之外(不计算在内)
如:We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang.
We are all Chinese except Tom in our class.
8. in和on的区别
(1)on the tree 表示枝、叶、果实等长“在树上”
如:in the tree表示人或其他东西“在树上”
(2)on the wall 表示东西粘贴或挂“在墙上”
如:in the wall 表示门、窗等嵌“在墙上”
9. across, through, over和past的区别
across和through都用于表示“穿过”。across着重指从一条直线或一物体表面的一边到另一边,表示游渡、乘船过海或过河时用across;through含有“从……中间穿过”之意。
如:He can swim across the river. 他能游过这条河。
She had to push her way through the crowd to get to her son.
她必须挤过人群才能到她的儿子跟前。
over多指在空间范围上“穿越”,而past指“经过”。
如:The plane flew over a line of mountain in the southeast. 飞机从东南部的一座座山上飞过。
They walked past a tall tree. 他们从一棵大树旁走过。
例:(2018·江苏连云港) — Bill, did you see Tom?
— Yes, he just parked his car here and then hurried ______ the street.
A. through B. over C. past D. across
10. for, to和towards的区别
(1)for常用在leave, start后,表示运动的方向或目的。
如:They’ll leave for Beijing to attend a meeting next month.
他们下月将出发去北京参加一个会议。
(2)to接在go, come, return, move等词之后,表示目的地。
如:When did you return to Guangzhou after the holiday? 假期后你何时回广州的?
(3)towards意为“朝、向”,只说明运动的方向,没有“到达”的意思。
如:They are running towards the sea. 他们跑向大海。
11. with与without的区别
(1)with意为“和、对、附带、有”
如:with the help of…, play with, talk with。
(2)without意为“没有”
如:without saying a word, without breakfast。
例1:(2018·湖南怀化)23.______your help, I can’t get good grades.
A.With B. without C. For
例2:(2018·四川达州)—I’m thirsty.I’d like a glass of orange juice.What about you,Andy?
—I prefer a cup of tea ______ nothing in it.
A.with B.for C.to D.without
12. of sb.与for sb.的区别
(1)of sb. 用于“It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth.”句型中,形容词为clever, kind, nice等描述人物性格特征的词,of后的人物与形容词有主表关系。
如:It is kind of you to help me. 你能帮助我真好。
(2)for sb. 用于“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”句型中,形容词为easy, important等描述真正的主语不定式特征的词,形容词表示的是主语对于for后的人物来说的性质。
如:It is important for us to learn English well. 对我们来说学好英语很重要。
13. to既是介词,又是动词不定式符号
是动词不定式符号时,后面跟动词原形;是介词时,后面跟名词、代词或动名词。
下面含有to的词组中to都是介词,在使用时应特别注意,如果它们后面跟的是动词,则用动名词形式。
pay attention to, make a contribution to, according to, get used to, prefer…to…, look forward to
考点五 介词的固定搭配
1. 介词与动词的固定搭配
laugh at 嘲笑 take part in 参加
think of 想出 go on with 继续
worry about 为……担心 look after 照看,照料
look like 看起来像 look for 寻找
hear from 收到……的来信 listen to 听
arrive in 到达(大地方) arrive at 到达(小地方)
get to 到达 wait for 等候
agree with 同意,赞同 think about 考虑
catch up with 赶上,追上 come from 来自
pay for 付钱买…… shout at 对……叫嚷
talk about 谈论 play with 与……玩耍
point at 指向 point to 指向,暗示
hear of 听说 look forward to 盼望
do well in 在……学/做的好 fall behind 落后
ask for 要求,请求 take away 拿走,带走
turn…into…把……变成…… help…with… 帮助……做……
take/ catch hold of 抓住 decide on 决定
take care of 照顾 hand in 上交
have nothing to do with 与….无关 base on 以……为根据
keep…out of 不让……进入 leave for 离开去(另一地)
talk to 与……谈话 go in for 爱好
look at (有意识地)看 speak to sb. 对某人说
deal with 处理 tie…to… 把……系在……上
pass on 传递 smile at 对……微笑
believe in 信任 belong to 属于
look around 向四周看 write to 给……写信
regard…as 把……看作
例1:(2018·湖北武汉中考) —What are you doing?
—I’m looking the kids. They should be back for lunch now.
A. after B.at C. for D. up
例2:(2018·广西桂林)完形填空
Instead, they search 47 information that can only be gathered through firsthand experiences.
47.A. for B. to C. of D. at
2.介词与名词的固定搭配
in a word 总而言之 in life 一生中
in time 及时 at sea 在海上
on time 准时,按时 in town 在城里
on foot 步行 in English 用英语
in a low voice 小声地 in the distance 在远处
in public 公开地 in the middle of… 在……中间
in trouble 处于困境 of course 当然(可以)
in fact 事实上 in surprise 惊奇地
in a hurry 匆忙,急忙 in the street 在街上
by the way 顺便说 at the meeting 在会上
in the end 最后 in space 在太空
in order 适宜,正常 on display 陈列,展出
in the day 在白天 at the foot of 在……脚下
at the table 在桌子旁 on show 展出
day by day 逐日 at school 在上学
in silence 安静的 at the back of 在……后面
in this way 用这种方法 out of breath 上气不接下气
at the same time 同时 on one’s way to 在某人去……的路上
by hand 手工,(信件)亲手交付 by the end of 到……结束时,
in the air 在空中 out of sight 消失,看不见
on duty 值日 out of work 失业
on top of 除……之外 on the left/ right 在左/右边
on the other side of 在……的另一边 to one’s surprise/ joy 使某人吃惊/高兴的是
例1:(2018福建A卷) 27. Blue whales are ________. We should try to protect them.
A. in time B. in public C. in danger
例2:(2018·山西)27. In China, we are using the FAST to find stars ________. Now more and more people want to know about the largest radio telescope(望远镜) in the world.
A. in person B. in public C. in space
3. 介词与形容词的固定搭配
careful about 小心 sure about/ of 肯定
certain about/ of 确定 good at 擅长
good for 对……有好处 surprised at 对……惊奇
famous for 因……而出名 ready for 为……做好了准备
known for 因……而出名 late for 迟到
different from 与……不同 successful in 在……成功
interested in 对……感兴趣 disappointed in 对……失望
proud of 为……感到骄傲 tired of 厌倦
afraid of 害怕 short of 短缺
full of 充满 similar to 与……相似
familiar to 为……所熟悉 satisfied with 对……满意
busy with 忙于 friendly to 对……友好
angry with 生……的气 strict with sb. 对某人要求严格
例1:(2018?上海中考)Frank is an independent boy. His parents are proud ____ him.
A.On B.to C. in D.of
例2:(2018·四川乐山)The program I’m a singer is quite popular ______ students these days. They often talk about it between classes.
A. for B. with C. in
中考英语复习介词学案
考情分析
介词一般用于名词前,和名词组成介词短语。各地中考试题中,介词是一个重要考点。测试内容包括:时间介词的用法,地点介词的用法,介词的固定搭配,易混介词的区别等。考查题型主要有单项选择,完成句子,句型转换,完型填空等。
学习目标
1. 掌握时间介词的用法;
2. 掌握地点、方位介词的用法;
3. 掌握介词的固定搭配;
4. 掌握易混介词的区别
5. 准确完成介词的相关练习。
介词的分类
分类
说明
例词
按照构词分类
简单介词
由一个单词构成的介词
at在……;before在…..之前,beside在……旁边; between在…中间;for为了,对于;in在··…里面,
by在……附近;;on在……上;with和……,用……
合成介词
由两个词合成在一起构成的介词
into到……里; inside在……里面; onto在之上;nearby在……附近; without没有,不;within在……之内
短语介词
由一个词组构成的
起介词作用的短语
From...to到……里,inside在…….里面,;because of因为:in front of在……中间next to紧挨着;in the middle在……..中间
按照词义分类
时间介词
after在……之后;at在……(点),before在……之前; by到…... ; during在……期间;;in在……(段)) ;until直到…
地点介词
above在……上方;among在……中间;behind在……后面;below在……下方;off从……离开;above:在……正上方;under在……下面
方向介词
across横穿……;into到……里;onto到……之上;through穿过……,to到;
;towards朝
方式介词
by借助,in用,with用……
考点一 时间介词
1. at
多用于具体钟点前,如:at seven, at a quarter to one; 也可用于固定搭配中。
如:at noon, at night
例:(2018· 四川凉山)30. Our classes are over noon and then we go to have a rest 1: 00 in the afternoon.
A. at; at B. in; in C. In; at D. at; in
A 考查介词。第一空是固定搭配,at noon在中午;第二空后面1:00是具体某一时刻,用介词at,故答案选A。
2. in
表示一段时间,用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指的一天的上午、下午、晚上等前。
如:in the twenty-first century在21世纪,in autumn 在秋天,in the morning 在早晨
还可用于表示“从现在起,多长时间以后或多久之后”的短语中。
例:(2018?上海中考)Karen and Lily will go to Russia to watch the 2018 World Cup______July.
A.on B.in C.at D.of
B【解析】考查介词的用法。句意:卡伦和莉莉将会去俄罗斯观看2018年世界杯的2018年世界杯。月份前面用介词in,故选B。
3. on
主要用在星期几、具体某一天或某一天的早、中、晚或节日前。
如:on Mid-Autumn Day 在中秋节 on June 1st 在6月1日
例1:(2018?贵州黔南)My parents often go to the movies________ Saturday evenings.
A. on B. in C. for D. at
A【解析】考查介词的用法辨析。句意:我的父母周六晚上经常去看电影。Saturday evenings指的是周六的晚上,表示在具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上时间介词应该用on,故选A。
例2: (2018·湖南湘西) —When is your birthday, Mike?
—My birthday is ___ June 3rd.
A. on B. in C. at
A【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:——迈克,你的生日是什么时候?——我的生日是6月3日。具体到某月的某一天,用介词on引导。故选A。
4. by + 时间点
表示“到……时为止”,如果by后跟一个过去的时间点,句子应用过去完成时。
如:We had learned 1,000 English words by the end of last term. 到上个学期末,我们已经学了1,000个英语单词。
during
后接时间段,与延续性动词连用表示某期间的动作。
如:He lives with us during these years. 这些年他跟我们一起住。
例:(2018·山东东营) —It is said that children in South Korea have to hike and walk through mountains at night _________ their military (军事的) training.
—Really? So their training is much harder than ours.
? ?? ? A. after? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???B. since? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? C. during? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?D. before
C 【解析】考查介词用法辨析。句意:——据说韩国的孩子们在晚上不得不徒步旅行,穿过高山_________ 他们的军事训练。——真的吗?这么说他们的训练要比我们的更艰苦得多。after 在……之后;since自从……以来;during在……期间;before在……之前。根据“their training is much harder”可知是指“在军训期间艰苦行军”。故选C。
until
用于否定句中,意为“直到……才”,其前的谓语动词多用瞬间性动词;用于肯定句中,意为“直到……为止”,其前的谓语动词须用延续性动词。
如:I didn’t leave until my mother came home.
I waited for my mother until she came home.
7. since,from与for
(1)since指从某时一直延续至今,后接时间点,与完成时连用。
如:He has lived here since 1993.
(2)from说明开始的时间,谓语可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态。
如:From now on,I will learn English in the morning.
(3)for指动作延续贯穿整个过程,后接时间段,表示“持续……时间”。常与完成时连用。
如:I have studied English for six years.
8. after与in
(1)after与时间段连用,用于过去时。
如:They finished the work after two years.
(2)after与时间点连用,用于将来时。
如:I’ll ring you up after two o’clock.
(3)in与时间段连用,指“在……之后”,表示从说话起的一段时间后,常与将来时连用。
如:The bus will be here in ten minutes.
例: (2018·广东省)—How soon will we get the offer from a new high school?
— about two months.
A. In B. For C. Among D. During
A考查介词的用法。句意:——我们需要多久才能得到一所新高中的录取通知书?——大约两个月之后吧。在一般将来时态的句子中,引导时间状语用介词in,表示“……之后”。故选A。
▲注:不用介词表达时间的几种情况
1.当表示时间的词前有this, that时,其前面不用介词,如:this morning
2.当表示时间的词前有next时,其前面不用介词,如:next Sunday
3.当表示时间的词前有last时,其前面不用介词,如:last Sunday
4.当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时,其前面不用介词
考点二 地点介词与方位介词
1.方位介词on, over, above
(1)介词on表示一物放在另一物上面,两者紧贴在一起
如:The book is on the table.
(2)介词over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系,即“在…上方”
如:Is there any bridge over the river?桥在河流之上吗?
(3)介词above表示一般的“高于…”,“在…之上”
如:There was an electric clock电子钟 above his bed.
2.方位介词under与below
(1)介词under是over的反义词即“在…下方”
如:They were seen under the tree.
(2)介词below是above的反义词即“低于…”,“在…之下”
如:They live below us.他们住在我们下面(楼下)
3.方位介词across, through,over
(1)介词across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”,强调从表面穿过。 如:She went across the street to do some shoppng.
(2)介词through着重于“穿越”,强调从一定的空间内部穿过。
如:The sunlight was coming in through the window.
(3)介词over多表示从“上方越过”
如:He failed to go over the mountain穿越大山; he had to go round it.
4. 方位介词in, on和to
in表示在某一地区之内(属于该范围);to表示在某一地区之外(不属于改范围);on表示与某地的毗邻关系。
如:Fujian Province is in the south-east of China. 福建省位于中国的东南部。
China is to the west of Japan. 中国在日本的西边。
地点介词at, in和on
at与较小的地点连用;in与较大的地点连用;on表示在一个平面上。
如:at home 在家;in China 在中国;on the farm 在农场
6. in front of, in the front of和before
(1)in front of表示“在……的前面”(范围外)。
如:There are some trees in front of the classroom. 教室前面有一些树。
(2)in the front of表示“在……的前部”(范围内)。
如:Put the shortest flowers in the front of the bunch. 把最短的花放在花束的靠前位置。
(3)before所表示的位置关系和in front of相同,表示“在……前面”。
如:He sits before me. 他坐在我前面。
考点三 方式介词
1. by+动词-ing 表示“通过……方式”
如:The blind learn something by touching. 盲人通过触摸学习东西。
2. by+交通工具 表示“搭乘……”
如:by bus乘公共汽车   by ship乘船
by taxi乘出租车  by train乘火车
by plane乘飞机
▲注:by car=in a/his car 坐车;by plane=in a plane坐飞机;by bike=in a bike骑自行车
例:(2018·山东青岛中考)More and more people in Qingdao go to work ______ subway now.
A. with B. on C. in D. by
D【解析】考查介词的用法辨析。句意:现在越来越多的青岛人乘坐地铁上班了。表示“乘坐……交通工具”用by+交通工具名称。故选D。
3.“by+水陆空状态词”也表示交通方式。
如:by road公路运输;乘汽车  by land陆地运输
by sea海路运输;乘船 by water水路运输;乘船
by air航空运输;坐飞机
4. by+通讯方式 表示“用……作为联系方式”
如:by letter书信联系;以书信的方式
by express快递    by e-mail邮件联系
5. by固定搭配:
by hand手工制作;用手   by far到目前为止
by the time到……的时候 by name用……的名字
by the name of名叫……的
in+语言 表示“用……语言”
如:in Chinese 用中文
7. in固定搭配
如:in time及时       on time准时
in the sun在阳光下 in a moment立刻
in no time立刻 in life在生活中
in a low/high voice低声说/高声说
8. with+具体的工具或五官 表示“用……”
如:eat with a spoon用勺子吃
write with a pencil用铅笔写
We see with our eyes,and hear with our ears. 我们用眼睛看,用耳朵听。
9. be made of/from由……制成
如:The desk is made of wood. 这个书桌是用木头做的。
Bread is made from wheat. 面包是小麦做的。
10. be made in+地名在某地制造
如:Most of the phones are made in China. 大多数手机在中国制造。
例:(2018?湖北十堰)29. –Your sweater looks nice. Is it made of wool?
—Yes, and it’s made ______ Shanghai.
A. by B. in C. for D. from
B 【解析】考查介词的用法 句意:—你的毛衣看起来很漂亮。它是纯毛的?—是的,在上海制造的。表示“在某地制造”用be made in。故选B。
考点四 易混介词的区别
1.表示计量的介词:at, for, by
(1) at表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。
如:It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。
I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。
for表示“用……交换,以……为代价”。
如:He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。
▲注:at表示单价(price) ,for表示总钱数。  
(3)by表示“以……计”,后跟度量单位。
如:They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。
Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。
2.表示好像或当作的介词:like, as
(1)like表示“像……一样”,其实不是。
如:Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud.
彼得大帝像他的国家一样强健和自豪。
(2)as表示“作为,以……身份”,其实也是。
如:He talked to me as a father. 他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。
▲注:as作连词时,可表示“好像……”。
如:The work is not so difficult as you imagin这工作不像你想像的那么困难。
3.表示支持或反对的介词:against, for
against反对,for支持,互为反义词。
如:Are you for my idea or against it? 你赞同还是反对我的想法?
例: (2018·安徽)Our class are much sure to win the basketball game ______ Class Three.
A. of B. in C. against D. from
C 考查介词词义辨析。句意:我们班相当有把握战胜三班而赢得这次篮球赛。表“迎战……”用介词against。故选C。
4.原因介词because、as、for的用法辨析
(1)介词because表示“因为;由于”指直接的,用来回答why的问句,语气最强。 如:The boy didn’t go to school yesterday because he was ill.
(2)介词as表示“由于”指一种显而易见、谈话双方已知的理由。 如:She stayed at home as she had no car.
(3)介词for表示 “因为,由于”指一种间接原因,
如:It must have rained last night, for the road is wet路面湿滑.
5.表示“用”的介词in、with、by的用法辨析
介词in表示“用材料、声音,语言”
介词with表示“用工具、某物”
介词by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”
如:Can you say it in English?用英语说
I draw a picture with a color pen.用彩色笔写字
The girl made money by selling flowers.女孩通过卖花来赚钱
例1:(2018·广西河池) 33. You can improve your English ________ listening to English songs.
A. by B. with C. for D. in
A【解析】考查介词的用法辨析。句意:你可以通过听英文歌曲来提高你的英语。by意为“用……方式,借助于”;with“和……一起;用……工具、材料”;for“为了”;in“在……里;用某种语言”。这里应该是“借助于听这一方式”。故选A。
例2:(2018山东潍坊)Students here often do physics experiments _______small groups.
A. by B. in C. for D. at
B 【解析】考查介词用法。句意:这里的学生经常以小组的形式进行物理实验。“(表示手段、方法、材料)用,以”用介词in。选择B。
6.介词between与among的用法辨析
介词between 表示“在两者之间”
介词among表示“在…当中(三者或以上)之间
如:Don’t sit between the two girls.
The bad news spread among the students quickly.
例:(2018·浙江嘉兴舟山)语法填空
At a zoo in Germany, an unusual friendship developed 46 a cat and a bear.
between句意:在德国的一个动物园里,猫与熊之间形成了一种不寻常的友谊。考查固定短语between A and B,意为“在A和B之间”。故答案是between。
7.介词besides与except的用法辨析
介词besides表示“除…之外(全部包括在内)”
介词except表示“除…之外(不计算在内)
如:We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang.
We are all Chinese except Tom in our class.
8. in和on的区别
(1)on the tree 表示枝、叶、果实等长“在树上”
如:in the tree表示人或其他东西“在树上”
(2)on the wall 表示东西粘贴或挂“在墙上”
如:in the wall 表示门、窗等嵌“在墙上”
9. across, through, over和past的区别
across和through都用于表示“穿过”。across着重指从一条直线或一物体表面的一边到另一边,表示游渡、乘船过海或过河时用across;through含有“从……中间穿过”之意。
如:He can swim across the river. 他能游过这条河。
She had to push her way through the crowd to get to her son.
她必须挤过人群才能到她的儿子跟前。
over多指在空间范围上“穿越”,而past指“经过”。
如:The plane flew over a line of mountain in the southeast. 飞机从东南部的一座座山上飞过。
They walked past a tall tree. 他们从一棵大树旁走过。
例:(2018·江苏连云港) — Bill, did you see Tom?
— Yes, he just parked his car here and then hurried ______ the street.
A. through B. over C. past D. across
D 【解析】考查介词。句意:—比尔,你看见汤姆了吗?—是的,他刚才把车停在这儿然后急忙穿过街道。through “穿过”,表示从内部穿过;over “在……上面”;past “经过”;across “穿过”,强调从物体表面穿过。“穿过大街”强调从一端到另一端,用across表示,故选D。
10. for, to和towards的区别
(1)for常用在leave, start后,表示运动的方向或目的。
如:They’ll leave for Beijing to attend a meeting next month.
他们下月将出发去北京参加一个会议。
(2)to接在go, come, return, move等词之后,表示目的地。
如:When did you return to Guangzhou after the holiday? 假期后你何时回广州的?
(3)towards意为“朝、向”,只说明运动的方向,没有“到达”的意思。
如:They are running towards the sea. 他们跑向大海。
11. with与without的区别
(1)with意为“和、对、附带、有”
如:with the help of…, play with, talk with。
(2)without意为“没有”
如:without saying a word, without breakfast。
例1:(2018·湖南怀化)23.______your help, I can’t get good grades.
A.With B. without C. For
B【解析】考查介词的用法辨析。句意:没有你的帮助,我不会取得好成绩。with your help是在你的帮助下,不符合逻辑,故用without,选B。
例2:(2018·四川达州)—I’m thirsty.I’d like a glass of orange juice.What about you,Andy?
—I prefer a cup of tea ______ nothing in it.
A.with B.for C.to D.without
A 考查介词词义辨析。句意:——我渴了。我想要一杯橙汁。你呢,安迪?——我更想要一杯什么都不加的茶。由句意知,这里说的是“什么都不含的茶”。故选A。
12. of sb.与for sb.的区别
(1)of sb. 用于“It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth.”句型中,形容词为clever, kind, nice等描述人物性格特征的词,of后的人物与形容词有主表关系。
如:It is kind of you to help me. 你能帮助我真好。
(2)for sb. 用于“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”句型中,形容词为easy, important等描述真正的主语不定式特征的词,形容词表示的是主语对于for后的人物来说的性质。
如:It is important for us to learn English well. 对我们来说学好英语很重要。
13. to既是介词,又是动词不定式符号
是动词不定式符号时,后面跟动词原形;是介词时,后面跟名词、代词或动名词。
下面含有to的词组中to都是介词,在使用时应特别注意,如果它们后面跟的是动词,则用动名词形式。
pay attention to, make a contribution to, according to, get used to, prefer…to…, look forward to
考点五 介词的固定搭配
1. 介词与动词的固定搭配
laugh at 嘲笑 take part in 参加
think of 想出 go on with 继续
worry about 为……担心 look after 照看,照料
look like 看起来像 look for 寻找
hear from 收到……的来信 listen to 听
arrive in 到达(大地方) arrive at 到达(小地方)
get to 到达 wait for 等候
agree with 同意,赞同 think about 考虑
catch up with 赶上,追上 come from 来自
pay for 付钱买…… shout at 对……叫嚷
talk about 谈论 play with 与……玩耍
point at 指向 point to 指向,暗示
hear of 听说 look forward to 盼望
do well in 在……学/做的好 fall behind 落后
ask for 要求,请求 take away 拿走,带走
turn…into…把……变成…… help…with… 帮助……做……
take/ catch hold of 抓住 decide on 决定
take care of 照顾 hand in 上交
have nothing to do with 与….无关 base on 以……为根据
keep…out of 不让……进入 leave for 离开去(另一地)
talk to 与……谈话 go in for 爱好
look at (有意识地)看 speak to sb. 对某人说
deal with 处理 tie…to… 把……系在……上
pass on 传递 smile at 对……微笑
believe in 信任 belong to 属于
look around 向四周看 write to 给……写信
regard…as 把……看作
例1:(2018·湖北武汉中考) —What are you doing?
—I’m looking the kids. They should be back for lunch now.
A. after B.at C. for D. up
C 考查介词用法。句意:—你在干嘛?—我正在寻找孩子们。他们应该回来吃午饭了。
look after“照顾”,look at “看”,look for “寻找”,look up“查阅”。故选C。
例2:(2018·广西桂林)完形填空
Instead, they search 47 information that can only be gathered through firsthand experiences.
47.A. for B. to C. of D. at
A考查介词。search for意为“搜寻;查找”,为固定搭配。
2.介词与名词的固定搭配
in a word 总而言之 in life 一生中
in time 及时 at sea 在海上
on time 准时,按时 in town 在城里
on foot 步行 in English 用英语
in a low voice 小声地 in the distance 在远处
in public 公开地 in the middle of… 在……中间
in trouble 处于困境 of course 当然(可以)
in fact 事实上 in surprise 惊奇地
in a hurry 匆忙,急忙 in the street 在街上
by the way 顺便说 at the meeting 在会上
in the end 最后 in space 在太空
in order 适宜,正常 on display 陈列,展出
in the day 在白天 at the foot of 在……脚下
at the table 在桌子旁 on show 展出
day by day 逐日 at school 在上学
in silence 安静的 at the back of 在……后面
in this way 用这种方法 out of breath 上气不接下气
at the same time 同时 on one’s way to 在某人去……的路上
by hand 手工,(信件)亲手交付 by the end of 到……结束时,
in the air 在空中 out of sight 消失,看不见
on duty 值日 out of work 失业
on top of 除……之外 on the left/ right 在左/右边
on the other side of 在……的另一边 to one’s surprise/ joy 使某人吃惊/高兴的是
例1:(2018福建A卷) 27. Blue whales are ________. We should try to protect them.
A. in time B. in public C. in danger
C 考查固定短语辨析。句意:蓝鲸处境危险,我们应该尽力保护它们。in time及时,in public当众,在公共场所,in danger处于危险中。故选C。
例2:(2018·山西)27. In China, we are using the FAST to find stars ________. Now more and more people want to know about the largest radio telescope(望远镜) in the world.
A. in person B. in public C. in space
C 考查介词短语。句意:在中国,我们正在使用 FAST 射电望远镜去找太空中的星星。现在越来越多的人想要了解这台世界上最大的射电望远镜。in person亲自;in public在公共场合;in space在太空。根据事实“星星在太空中”,故选 C。
3. 介词与形容词的固定搭配
careful about 小心 sure about/ of 肯定
certain about/ of 确定 good at 擅长
good for 对……有好处 surprised at 对……惊奇
famous for 因……而出名 ready for 为……做好了准备
known for 因……而出名 late for 迟到
different from 与……不同 successful in 在……成功
interested in 对……感兴趣 disappointed in 对……失望
proud of 为……感到骄傲 tired of 厌倦
afraid of 害怕 short of 短缺
full of 充满 similar to 与……相似
familiar to 为……所熟悉 satisfied with 对……满意
busy with 忙于 friendly to 对……友好
angry with 生……的气 strict with sb. 对某人要求严格
例1:(2018?上海中考)Frank is an independent boy. His parents are proud ____ him.
A.On B.to C. in D.of
D【解析】考查介词的用法。句意:弗兰克是个独立的男孩。他的父母为他感到骄傲。这里是短语be proud of(以....为骄傲)的固定搭配。
例2:(2018·四川乐山)The program I’m a singer is quite popular ______ students these days. They often talk about it between classes.
A. for B. with C. in
B 考查介词的用法。句意:《我是歌手》这个节目现在在学生中很流行。他们经常在课间谈论它。be popular with sb意为“在某人中很流行”,是固定搭配,故选B。
介词专项练习
时间介词
1. (2018南京)Yingqi Bird Nest Library, the smallest library in the world, was opened to the public in Nanjing's Huashu Village ________ the World Reading Day this year.
A. on      B. in      C. at      D. as
2. (2018哈尔滨)Don't stay inside ________ such a sunny morning. Let's go out to enjoy the gentle wind and the sweet flowers.
A. on      B. in        C. from
3. (2018沈阳)The group had to wait ________ after 12 to check in at the hotel.
A. from     B. until     C. for      D. at
4. (2018株洲)Her birthday is ________ winter, the most beautiful season in a year.
A. in      B. at         C. on
5. (2018大连)Disney opened a park in Shanghai ________ 16th June, 2018.
A. in B. on C. at D. of
6. (2018雅安)I have been in China ________ 1997.
A. since B. for C. in D. until
7. (2018永州)Look out! Look at the traffic lights ________ crossing the road.
A. before     B. after       C. since
8. (2018重庆A卷)Our reading club share ideas with each other________ one hour every Tuesday.
A. to B. on C. at D. for
9. (2018东营)Stephen Hawking got more than 380,000 followers in two hours ________ he put his first message on Weibo.
A. before B. since C. after D. until
10. (2018呼和浩特)I'm looking after Tom today. He's been in my house ________ 8:00 this morning.
A. at B. since C. for D. till
11. (2018黄冈)—Junior high school days will be over ________ a week. How are you feeling?
—I'm trying to keep my cool because we've been together ________ three years.
A. in; in B. for; in C. in; for D. for; for
地点介词
1. (2018北京)Paul's mother is a nurse. She works ________ a hospital.
A. with B. on C. of D. in
2. (2018重庆B卷)Jim lives ________ a small village and the air there is very fresh.
A. on B. in C. under D. from
3. (2018桂林)Mr Green is writing ________ the blackboard.
A. in      B. on        C. at
4. (2018达州)—Where is Marry flying?
—She is flying to France soon. She will arrive ________ Paris ________ the morning of July 2.
A. to; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on
方式介词
1. (2018河北)Class, let's see who can spell the most words________ these letters.
A. at B. into C. on D. with
2. (2018湘潭)—How do you learn English?
—________ listening to tapes.
A. By      B. With       C. For
3. (2018广东)Could you please give me a hand? I can't complete the task on time ________ your help.
A. without B. under C. with D. for
介词固定搭配
1. (2018上海)The local community center is open ________ Monday to Saturday.
A. in B. from C. for D. on
2. (2018天津)You can buy almost everything ________ the Internet, and it's very easy.
A. into B. for C. at D. on
3. (2018陕西)It's a good idea to send the old books ________ the children who need them.
A. at B. of C. to D. by
4. (2018苏州)A good student connects what he reads ________ what he sees around him.
A. for B. with C. in D. on
5. (2018扬州)—Hi, guys. Where were we yesterday?
—We learned the differences ________ fact and opinion.
A. between B. among C. during D. beyond
6. (2018攀枝花)My English teacher is always strict ________ us.
A. in B. at C. with D. about
7. (2018济宁)We should be kind to the old and take care________ them in daily life.
A. of B. for C. with D. about
8. (2018郴州)—The summer vacation is coming. I'm looking forward ________ it.
—Me too.
A. at      B. to        C. on
9. (2018孝感)Xiaogan is well known ________ the culture of “Xiao”.
A. in B. for C. at D. on
10. (2018襄阳)—Who is Dave looking ________?
—His mother. She's been in hospital for a few days.
A. for B. after C. at D. up
其他介词
1. (2018兰州)—Alice, would you like to go hiking with us?
—What a pity! I'm free every day ________ today.
A. for B. except C. besides D. among
2. (2018绵阳)—What did you get for your birthday, Tony?
—An iPad4, ________ my aunt.
A. to B. from C. with D. for
3. (2018内江)________ all the students, the two boys wrote the article best.
A. With B. For C. Of D. From
4. (2018滨州)The “teacher-free exam” means that students take their exams ________ teachers. Students must be more honest.
A. without B. against C. through D. by
5. (2018齐齐哈尔)________ Journey to the West, she has also read Little Women.
A. Besides    B. But      C. Except
6. (2018无锡)Although he was________ my opinion, the old professor didn't come up with his own.
A. against B. on C. for D. in
介词短语
1. (2018 安徽)Many wild animals are________, and it's time for us to do whatever we can to protect them.
A. on duty B. on show C. in order D. in danger
2. (2018福州)—Sally is my best friend. She is always there whenever I'm________.
—Yeah. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
A. in order    B. in trouble     C. in public
3. (2018云南)We will spend the coming week together. So ________, let's know each other's names.
A. in the end B. all the time C. first of all D. as a result
4. (2018南宁)He left school and began work ________ twelve.
A. at the age of B. at the beginning of C. at the top of D. at the bottom of
5. (2018绥化)Jim sits behind me, so I sit ________ him.
A. at the end of   B. in front of     C. in the middle of
6. (2018德州)It's dangerous for you to go out for a walk in the forest ________ at night.
A. on business B. by the way C. on your own D. on the top
7. (2018鄂州)—Who looked after your sick grandmother in hospital?
—My father did that ________. He didn't want anybody else's help.
A. in fact B. in person C. in total D. in disagreement
答案与解析
时间介词
1.A【解析】考查介词表示时间的用法。句意:世界上最小的图书馆,嘤栖鸟巢图书馆于今年的“世界读书日”那天在南京桦墅村对公众开放。具体到某一天用介词on。故选A。
6.A【解析】考查介词的用法。句意:1997年,我就一直在中国。从“I have been in China”可知,本句用的是现在完成时,而since是现在完成时的标志词。故选A。
地点介词
1.D【解析】考查介词表示地点的用法。句意:保罗的妈妈是一名护士,她在医院上班。with带有,和……一起;on表示和物体表面接触;of表示所属;in在……里。“in a hospital在医院上班”,固定搭配。故选D。
2. B【解析】考查介词表示地点的用法。句意:吉姆住在一个小山村,那里的空气非常清新。分析语境可知本句中介词表示在一个空间范围内,故用in,且live in为固定搭配。故选B。
2.A【解析】考查介词表示方式的用法。句意“你怎么学习英语?”“听磁带。”By通过,表示通过某种方式;With用,表示用某种工具;For为了,对于。根据语境可知所填介词表示通过某种方式,故选A。
3.A【解析】考查介词词义辨析。句意:请问你能帮我吗?你的帮助,我不能准时完成这项任务。结合句意可知没有你的帮助我就不能准时完成这项任务。故选A。
介词固定搭配
6.C【解析】考查介词固定搭配。句意:我的英语老师总是严格要求我们。be strict with sb.“对某人严格要求”;be strict in sth.“在某方面或某事上要求严格”。根据后面“us”可知选C。
其他介词
介词短语
1.D【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:许多野生动物,是该尽我们所能做点事情去保护它们的时候了。on duty值日;on show展览中;in order井然有序;in danger处在危险中。分析:野生动物处在危险中才会需要我们去保护。故选D。
2.B【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意“萨莉是我最好的朋友。无论何时我她总是在那里。”“是的,患难见真情。” in order井然有序;in trouble处于困境中;in public在公共场合。根据答语可知应选B。
课件60张PPT。中考英语复习
——介词考点一 时间介词1.at,in,on表示时间的区别
(1)at表示具体的时间点,常用于表示钟点及某些词组中。如:at six o'clock(在6点钟); at night(在晚上);
at the end of(在……结束时); at the age of(在……岁时);
at last(最终,最后); at Christmas(在圣诞节).(2)in用于表示世纪、年、月、季节、在上午/下午/晚上/白天等。
如:in 1995 (在1995年);
in the 1980s (在20世纪80年代);
in May,1992 (在1992年5月); in the morning/afternoon/evening(在上午/下午/晚上);
in spring/summer/autumn/winter(在春季/夏季/秋季/冬季)。(3)on用于表示确定的时间,具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上或一般节日等。
如:on December 1st,1994 (在1994年12月1日);
on Monday morning(在星期一上午);
on a cold morning(在一个寒冷的早晨);
on the night of October 22nd(在10月22日晚上);
on Christmas Day(在圣诞节);
on Teachers' Day(在教师节)。2. since, from和for
(1)since指从某时一直延续至今,后接时间点,主句用完成时。
(2)from说明开始的时间,谓语可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态。
(3)for指动作延续贯穿整个过程,后接时间段,主句用完成时。3.by
表示“不迟于”(not later than),常与完成时连用。
如:by then到那时,by now到目前为止。
They had seen four English films by the end of last night.
到昨天晚上为止他们已经看过四部英语电影。4.during
表示“在……期间”,强调“自始至终”。
如:
During those three months, he asked a lot of questions.
在那三个月期间,他问了许多问题。5.until/till
用于否定句中,意为“直到……才”,其前的谓语
动词多用瞬间性动词;用在肯定句中,意为“直到……为止”,其前谓语动词须用延续性动词。
如:I didn’t leave until my mother came home.
I waited for my mother until she came home. 6.in, after
in和after后都可以接时间段,表示“……(时间)之后”,in用于将来时,after用于过去时。
I'll come in an hour.我一小时后回来。
He got back after 10 years.十年后他回来了。考点二 地点、方位介词1.in,at,on
(1)in表示地点,意为“在……内”,用于内部。
如:He put his hands in his pockets.他把手放进口袋。
(2)on意为“在……上面”,用于表面接触,指在一个平面上。
如:There was a carpet on the floor.地板上铺着一块地毯。(3)表示“在某地”时,at后接小地方,in后接大地方。如:
When did you arrive at the station?
你什么时候到车站的?
He was born in Wuhan.他出生在武汉。
(4)at还有“在……旁边”之意,
如:at the table在桌子旁边。2.above,below
above的意思是“在……之上” “高于……”,与物体表面不接触,表示相对高度,不一定是在正上方,它的反义词是below。
如:There was an electric clock above his bed.
They live below us.3.through, across, cross
(1)through介词,纵穿(从空间穿过)。如:
The soldiers went through the forest.
那些士兵穿过树林离开了。
(2)across介词,横穿(横过某个平面)。
如:He is walking across the street.他正在横穿马路。
(3)cross动词,横穿(横过某个平面)。
如:He is crossing the street.他正在横穿马路。4.among, between
among表示“在(三者或三者以上)之间”;between表示“在(两者)之间”,常用词组:between…and…。
如:The man who is standing among the students is Lily's
father.站在学生中间的是莉莉的父亲。
I will be back between five and six.
我将在5点到6点之间回来。
5.in,on,to
in表示在范围之内(属于该范围);on表示与某一地区接壤;to表示隔海相望。
如:
Guangdong is in the south of China.
(广东属于中国)广东位于中国南部。 Guangdong is on the south of Hunan.
(广东不属于湖南,但与湖南是毗邻关系)广东在湖南
的南边。
Japan is to the east of China.
(日本不属于中国,而且隔海相望)日本在中国东边。6.in front of,in the front of
in front of表示“在……之前(范围外)”;
in the front of表示“在……的前部(范围内)”。
如:
There are some trees in front of the classroom.
教室前面有一些树。
Our teacher usually sits in the front of the classroom.
我们的老师经常坐在教室的前面。
考点三 方式介词1.by,in,on表交通方式
用by时,交通工具前不用任何限定词;用on或in时,
交通工具前要用限定词。
如:
Jenny goes to school by bike.詹妮骑自行车去上学。
(by bike=on a bike)
Mr.Green goes to work by car.格林先生开车去上班。
(by car=in a car)2.by,in,with表示手段或工具
(1)with后跟具体的工具。
如:I often do my homework with a pen.
我经常用钢笔做作业。
(2)in表示使用某种语言或使用某种材料,语言、材料前不加冠词。
如:Can you say it in English?
你能用英语说吗?(3)by表示用某种方式或手段,在名词前不加冠词,若后接动词,需将动词变为动名词形式。
如:
This pair of shoes is made by hand.
这双鞋是手工做的。
He makes a living by teaching.
他靠教书为生。
考点四 易混介词辨析1.except, besides, beside与but2.with与without3.for与against4.like与as5.within与beyond考点五 介词固定搭配1.介词与名词的搭配
at+名词
2.介词与动词的搭配
listen to 听 write to 给……写信
look for 寻找 look after 照顾
look over 仔细检查 hear from 收到……的来信
wait for 等待 get on 上车
get off 下车 put off 推迟take off 脱下;起飞 turn on 打开
turn off 关闭 turn up 调大
turn down 调低 talk about 谈论
think of 考虑 worry about 为……担忧
learn from 向……学习 knock at/on 敲(门)
regard/take …as 把……当做3.介词与形容词的搭配
afraid of 害怕…… pleased with 对……感到满意
good at 擅长 friendly to 对……友好
good for 对……有好处 full of 充满
angry with 生……的气 interested in 对……感兴趣
busy with 忙于 ready for 为……做准备famous for 因……出名 strict with 对……要求严格
far from 离……远 kind to 对……和蔼
proud of 以……自豪 surprised at 对……感到惊奇4.其他常见搭配
because of 因为,由于 thanks to 幸亏
in charge of 负责 on a visit to 去参观易错点提示1.在this, that, next, last, one, every, some, any, each, all等词之前,介词at, on, in要省略。
如:I saw the man was doing sports under the tree this morning. 今天早上,我看到这个人在树下做运动。2.在today, tonight, tomorrow, yesterday, tomorrow morning等表示时间的 名词之前的介词省略。
如:
My father is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow morning.
我爸爸明天上午去上海。3. “for + 时间或距离”时,在口语中常被省略,但for短语在句首时,不能省略。
如:
He has been at home (for) all day.
他在家里待了一整天。
For years he has been in America.
他在美国待了多年。4.“of + 大小、形状、年龄、面积、材料”结构中,of常省略掉。特别是of后面有the same时。
如:
He is (of) the same height as his father.
他和他爸爸一样高了。5.在某些固定短语或习惯用法中省略
spend… (in) doing 在……花费(时间、金钱)
be busy (in) doing 忙于做……
have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doing…
做……有困难/问题have fun (in) doing… 做……有乐趣
prevent/stop … (from) doing sth. 阻止……做……
(in) this/ that way 以这种/那种方法
There is no use/ good (in) doing sth. 做……没有好处练一练1.(2018·重庆)—Excuse me,is there a computer room in your school?
—Yes.It's________the fifth floor.
A.on B.in C.at D.toA【点拨】表示在第几楼使用介词on。2.(2018·南京)Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon ________20 July 1969.
A.in B.on C.at D.forB 【点拨】句意:Neil Armstrong是第一个于1969年7月20日在月球上行走的人。具体的某一天用on,故选B。3.(2018·白银)The earth goes ________the sun.
A.around B.through C.between D.acrossA 【点拨】A.around围绕、环绕;B.through穿过,表示从事物内部穿过;C.between在……两者之间;D.across横穿,表示从事物外部一边到另一边。根据句意“地球绕着太阳转。”可知是around符合题意。故选A。4.(2018·上海)Karen and Lily will go to Russia to watch the 2018 World Cup ________July.
A.on B.in C.at D.ofB 【点拨】介词表示时间,月份前应用in,故选B。5.(2017·河北)Just walk down this road and you'll see the museum________ your right.
A.on B.in
C.at D.byA 【点拨】on one's right/left在右/左边。 6.(2018·乐山)The program I am a singer is quite popular ________ students these days.They often talk about it between classes.
A.for B.with C.inB 【点拨】be popular with受……欢迎,固定短语。7.(2018·山西)In China,we are using the FAST to find stars________.Now more and more people want to know about the largest radio telescope(望远镜)in the world.
A.in person   B.in public   C.in spaceC 【点拨】考查介词短语。句意:在中国,我们正在使用FAST去找________的星星。现在越来越多的人想要了解这台世界上最大的射电望远镜。A.亲自。B.在公共场合。C.在太空。根据题意,选C。8.(2018·山西)Except for working hard,we should give more attention to proper exercise and enough sleep.________,health always comes first.
A.For example   B.After all   C.So farB 【点拨】考查介词短语。除了努力工作以外,我们应该更加关注适当的锻炼和足够的睡眠。________健康总是第一位。9.(2017·青岛)—Which is your new English teacher?
— The young lady________ red over there.
A.with B.in C.on D.forB 【点拨】in+颜色词,表示“穿……颜色的衣服”。谢谢21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) 中小学教育资源网站 有大把高质量资料?一线教师?一线教研员?
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