专题七 动词&动词词组（解析版）
在英语学习和考试中，我们会遇到大量的动词短语，短语不同于单词，它们的意思因其相互之间的搭配不同而千变万化，绝不可望文生义。掌握动词短语的意义及其用法对英语听说、阅读、写作的提高有极其重要的作用。动词短语也是历年高考中的热点之一，总结起来主要有以下几点：(1)动词的词义；(2) 动词短语；(3) 动词的搭配。
一、考查动词词义辨析
【考例1】（2018·天津8）It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
A. display B. acquire C. teach D. test
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display显示；B. acquire获得；C. teach教；D. test测试。根据语境，故答案选B。
【考例2】（2018·江苏2）Kids?shouldn’t?have?access?to?violent?films?because?they?might?_______ the?things?they see.
A. indicate B. investigate C. imitate D. innovate
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们所见的事情。A. indicate指示；B. investigate调查；C. imitate模仿；D. innovate改革。根据语境，故答案选C。
【考例3】(2018天津春，5)It’s easy to get lost when you drive in a new city， so it’s important to ????a good map before you set out.
A.study B. display C. deliver D. publish
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：在一座陌生的城市开车时很容易迷路，因此出发前仔细看一份好地图是很重要的。A：仔细看；B：展示，陈列；C：递送，发表；D：出版。根据语境，故答案选A。
【考例4】Emergency line operators must always _____ calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help.
A. grow B. appear C. become D. stay
【答案】D
【解析】考查连系动词辨析。句意：应急线路操作员必须保持冷静，并确保他们得到所有的信息，他们需要发送帮助。become, grow表示状态的变化，stay calm 保持冷静，沉着。
【考例5】The evening news comes on at Seven o' clock and ________ only thirty minutes.
A. keeps B. continues C. finishes D. lasts
【答案】 D。
【解析】根据后面的时间状语“only thirty minutes” 先排除“finish”为瞬间动词；keep“保留，保存”；continue意为“继续”； last“持续，继续”，根据题意“晚间新闻每天7：00开始，持续10分钟。”可知，正确选项为D。
【考例6】(2018天津河西区二模，3)In a low voice she ????that someone was moving about upstairs.
A.shouted B. told C.spoke D.whispered
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：她低声说有人在楼上走动。shout喊叫；tell告知；speak说，讲；whisper“低声说，私语”。根据语境，故答案选D。
【考例7】 (2017·江苏高考卷)A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help________ your year ahead.
A．shape B．switch C．stretch D．sharpen
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：年终时快速回顾一年的成功和失败将有助于你决定来年的发展。shape“决定……的形成，影响……的发展”，符合句意。switch“转变，改变”；stretch“变大，拉长”；sharpen“(使)变得锋利，变得清晰”。 根据语境，故答案选A。
?方法探究?语境词义辨析的关键是要理解句意以及上下文语境。其次要注意以下两点：一是要注意该动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，是延续性动词还是终止性动词；二是要注意一些特殊的动词，如连系动词等。这样就能做到有的放矢。对于动词短语来说，平时一定要注意积累，这样在具体的语境中才能够灵活地使用。
★知识链接★
动词的分类：
①行为动词(又称实义动词)，可分及物(vt．)和不及物动词(vi．) 表示动作或状态，在句中独立作谓语。vt．后须跟宾语；vi．本身词义完整，其后无须再跟宾语，但可有状语。
We study English.我们学习英语。
My father works in a small factory in Beijing.我父亲在北京的一家小工厂里工作。
②连系动词 (link-v) 本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成(复合)谓语。常见的有：be，look，become，get，turn等。
We are students.我们都是学生。
③助动词(aux．v．) 本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。用来表示否定、疑问、时态等其他语法形式。常见的有：be，do，have等。
He does not study French.他不学习法语。
Did you go by bus? 你是乘公共汽车去的吗？
The building was built by workers.那座大楼是工人们盖的。
④情态动词 (modal v．) 本身有一定意义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。常用来表示说话人的语气和情态，它没有人称和数的变化。常见的有：can，must，may，need，might，ought to，should等。
He can speak English.他会讲英语。
May I come in? 我可以进来吗？
I could do it before.以前我会做。
二、考查动词短语
【考例1】（2018·天津3）At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving， but eventually he___________ as she was so confidence about her skills.
A. gave in B. dressed up C. broke in D. turned up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿意让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对她的技能是如此有把握。A.gave in屈服，让步；B.dressed up打扮；C.broken in 闯入；打断；D.turned up出现。根据转折词but及原因as she was so confident about her skills可知，最终他让步了。根据语境，故答案选A。
【考例2】（2018·江苏5）Developing?the?Yangtze?River?Economic?Belt?is?a?systematic?project?
which?_______ a clear road map and timetable.
A. calls?for B. calls?on C. calls?off D. calls?up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls for需要；B. calls on号召；C. calls off取消；D. calls up使想起。根据语境，故答案选A。
【考例3】(2018天津春，12)When people want to expand their knowledge， they usually ????books that offer useful information.
point to B. turn to C. attend to D. belong to
?【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当人们想要拓展他们的知识时，他们通常求助于能够提供有用信息的书。turn to求助于，转向；point to指向，提到；attend to照料，处理；belong to属于。根据语境，故答案选B。
【考例4】(2018江苏苏锡常镇四市二模，9)It’s reported that in many countries there are rescue centers for girls who are forced into early marriages， and boys who ????to look after farm animals.
drop in B. drop away C. drop off D. drop out
【答案】D
【解析】句意：据报道，在很多国家都有帮助被迫早婚的女孩和辍学照看农场上的动物的男 孩的救助中心。考查动词短语。drop in顺便拜访；drop away陡降；drop off减少，(开车)顺便把……送到(某处)，打盹；drop out“辍学”。根据语境，故答案选D。
【考例5】(2018天津高考压轴卷，1)I could not ????my tears when I saw the picture of my father working at the quake zone.
A. bring in B. turn up C. take off D. hold back
?【答案】?D
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意：当我看到我父亲在地震灾区工作的照片时，我不禁流下了眼泪。bring in引进；turn up出现，调高；take off 脱下；hold back“控制，抑制”。根据语境，故答案选D。
【考例6】 (2017·扬、泰、通、淮、宿、徐高三二模)Roger trained hard for the tournament for months，but unfortunately he had to________ due to a knee injury.
A．pull out B．work out C．try out D．give out
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：Roger为了锦标赛努力训练了几个月，可不幸的是由于膝盖上的伤他不得不退出。pull out意为“(使)撤离，退出，(火车)驶出”；work out意为“解决，锻炼”；try out意为“试行，试用，试验，参加选拔”；give out意为“用完，停止运行，停止起作用”。根据句中的a knee injury可知，A项符合语境，pull out在这里意为“退出”。
【考例7】 (2017·盐城市高三三模)Teenage girl Wu Yishu won the final round of Chinese Poetry Conference's second season，________ from 100 poetry enthusiasts.
A．working out B．dropping out C．checking out D．standing out
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：参加第二季《中国诗词大会》的少女武亦姝从100个诗词爱好者中脱颖而出，赢得了决赛。work out“锻炼”；drop out“退出”；check out“结账离开”；stand out“突出，显眼”。 根据语境，故答案选D。
?方法探究? 此类试题要求学生重点掌握一些常用的动词和动词短语的用法，熟记它们在不同语境中的意义。同学平时多注意积累，做题时要求考生理解题意 。
★知识链接★
一、同一动词和不同介词或副词搭配
同一动词和不同介词或副词搭配时在意义上的差异，常见的这些动词有：break，die，call，cut，come，get，go，look，put，set，turn，take，pay，pick，make等。
1）break+介词／副词的短语有：
break down击败，摧毁；发生故障，(身体)垮掉；break out爆发；break through突破，突围；break off中断，突然停止；break up打碎；分解；驱散；break in打断；break into破门而人；break away突然离开；逃脱；脱离等。
2）bring+介词的短语有：
bring about使发生；bring back拿回来，使恢复；bring down打倒，降低；bring in引进；bring out出版，生产；bring up培养，养育；bring over使相信，征服等。
3）call+介词／副词的短语有：
call after以……的名字命名；call back叫回，召回，使回忆起；call up征召入伍，给某人打电话，使想起；call on号召，拜访某人．call in召集；call off取消等。
4）come+介词／副词的短语有：
come in进来；come from；来自于……；come about产生；come over过来：come out出来，出现；come by从旁经过；come up上来，走进；come across偶遇；come along发生，进步；come after跟着……来；come back回来；come around恢复知觉；回来；come down下来，倒塌等。
5）cut+介词的短语有：
cut in插嘴，插入；cut across抄近路；cut back减少；cut off切断；cut up切碎，cut away砍掉；cut down砍倒，削减等等；cut out切掉，裁剪出，停止；cut throug通过，穿过等。
6）get+介词／副词的短语有：
get about传播；走动；get through到达，做完，通过，度过，打通(电话)；get in进入，陷入；get on上车，进展，融洽相处；get off下车，下来；get across通过，被理解；get along进展，融洽相处；get away离开，脱身等。
7）give+介词／副词的短语有：
give up放弃；give in屈服，投降；give away赠送，捐赠；泄漏；give over移交，交出，give off放出，发出，排出；give out分发，散发，放出(光，热)；give back归还等。
8）go+介词／副词的短语有：
go ahead着手，开始(做)，进行；go along 进展，前进；go around到处走动；顺便访问；go away离去，走开；go beyond超过；go by过去，流逝；go down下降；go up上升；go for喜欢；go off离开，停止；go over复习，温习；go through经历，穿过等。
9）1ook+介词／副词的短语有：
look after照顾，照料；look away把目光移开；1ook around环顾；look at看；look down朝下看；look for寻找；look into调查；look out当心；look through浏览，检查；等。
10）put+介词／副词的短语有：
put aside把……放在一边，积蓄；put back把……放回原处；put down放下，镇压；put forward提出，建议；put in放进；put off迟，拖延；put on穿上，戴上，增加，上演，put out生产出，出版；put up举起，张贴等。
11）turn+介词／副词的短有：
turn about／round(使)向后转，回头，转身；turn against(使)反对(某人)；turn away转过脸去，拒绝；turn back往回走；turn down调低，关小，拒绝；turn in上缴，上交；turn into(使)变成；turn off关掉；turn on打开；rum out'熄灭，生产；turn to求助于，转向；turn up
调高，到达，出现等。
12）be／get／become+过去分词／形容词+介词的短语有：
be dressed in穿着；be fond of爱好，喜爱；be lost in沉溺于；be located in位于；be addicted to沉溺于．be used to习惯于；be curious about对……好奇；be engaged in忙于……，be glad to乐意……；be convinced of确信，认识到；be aware of意识到；be worried about担心等。
二、不同的动词，后面加上相同的介词或副词
使用频率较高的这类动词有：call，cut，come，go，get，look，put，set，turn，take，pay，pick，make等。常见的介词或副词有：in，off，out，up，away，for，on，over，等。
1）后跟介词about的动词
boast～吹嘘；bother～烦恼；care～关心 complain～抱怨；dream～梦见／想； go～着手做；hear～听说； see～负责，安排；talk～谈论； wonder～疑惑；想知道；gossip～闲聊；说长道短
2）后跟介词against的动词
bump～碰撞；遭到； compete～竞争；go～反对；对……不利； guard～防范；make～与……相违背； offend～违反；protest～抗议；run～不利于；违反；stand～抵御；反对； struggle一同……斗争；turn～背叛 ；witness～作不利于……的证明
3）后跟介词at的动词
aim～目标为； arrive～到达；bark～吠叫； call～访问；catch～抓住； come～袭击；赶上；gaze～凝视；laugh～嘲笑；make～扑向，袭击；point～指向；shoot～向……射击；smile～对……微笑；stare～注视； wonder～惊讶。
4）动词+away构成的短语有：
throw away扔掉；put away把……收拾好；give away捐赠，分发；carry away运走；run away，潜逃；跑开；go away走开等。
5）动词+for构成的短语有：
account～解释；导致； apply～申请；answer～负有责任；apologize～道歉；appeal～呼吁；bargain～想廉价得到；call～要求；需要；care～喜欢；照顾；fight～奋斗；support～支持；争取；head～走向；hunger～渴望；leave～动身前往；live～为……而生活；long～渴望； make～走向；扑向；prepare～做准备；provide～供养；做准备；regret～后悔； run～奔逃；竞争；search～搜寻；send～派人去请；stand～代表； wait～等待。
6）后跟介词from
adapt～改编；come～来自；date～追溯depart～离开；背；die～死于；differ～不同于；dissuade～劝阻；hear～收到……的来信；keep～避开；克制 recover～恢复；result～起因于；shelter～躲避；suffer～遭受
7）后跟介词in的动词
agree～想法一致； arrive～到达；believe～坚信； belong～适合于；consist～在于；deal～经营；interfere～干预； lie～在于；persevere～锲而不舍；persist～坚持不懈；result～导致； share～分享；分担；succeed～成功；trade～做生意。
8）动词+on构成的短语有：
try on试穿，试验；put on穿上，上演；have on穿着，戴着；pull on穿，戴；hold on不挂断，停止；carry on继续开展，坚持；keep on继续；go on继续；get on上(车、船)；come on赶快 ；agree～达成一致 ；call～拜访；号召；concentrate～集中注意力；decide～决定；depend～取决于；get～上马，上车等；hang～取决于；comment～评论；insist～坚决要求；坚持认为；keep～不停；lean～依靠；勒索；live～以……为食；look～看待；rely～依赖；remark～评论；turn～打开；strike～突然想到／发现；work～从事于；wait～服侍。
9）动词+over构成的短语有：
come over过来；hand over移交；go over仔细检查，复习；get over克服，恢复；look over检查；think over仔细考虑；take over接受，接管；turn over翻转等。
10）动词+out构成的短语有：
go out出去，熄灭；look out留神，当心；walk out走出；set out出发，开始：put out扑灭，生产；give out发出，发表；hand out分发；pick out挑选：find out找出，发现；speak out大声地说出；turn out生产，打扫；get out出去，离开；work out计算出，解决，锻炼；carry out实现，执行；bring out出版，start out出发，动身等。
11）后跟介词to的动词
adapt～适应； add～增力；admit～通向；承认 agree～答应；amount～共计； apply～适用；attend～照料；留意 ；belong～属于come～达到；结果是 get～到达；happen～发生；hold～紧握；坚持；keep～遵守；坚持； object～反对；occur～被想起；point～表明；refer～参考；提到； reply～回答；respond～回答；反应； see～办理；保证；stick～粘贴；坚持；turn～求助于
12）动词+up构成的短语有：
come up走进，上来； make up虚构；弥补，组成；put up举起，搭建；pick up捡起，(开车)接某人，偶然得到；set up建立，创(纪录)；send up发射；show up揭露，露面；turn up出现，把……调高一点；take up占据，开始从事等。
add up合计；break up，分裂；解散；bring up抚育，培养；call up召唤，打电话给；come up走近；上来；cut up切碎；dress up打扮；装饰；eat up吃光；吃完；fix up. 修理；give up放弃；go up上升，增长；grow up长大；hold up支撑；hurry up赶快；keep up维持；继续； look up尊敬；向上看；查寻；make up弥补；虚构； pick up捡起；获得；put up抬起；举起；send up发出；射出；set up设立； stay up熬夜；take up开始从事；专注于；wake up醒来；warm up热身
13）后跟介词with的动词
agree～同意；begin～开始；bother～烦恼；combine～联合；化合；communicate～交流； cooperate～合作；cope～对付；处理；deal～处理；交往；do～对付；忍耐； go～相配；一起去；hold～赞同；meet～遇见；遭遇；part～断绝关系；start～开始；sympathize ～同情
三、考查动词搭配
【考例1】(2018天津耀华中学二模，4)You have to be a fairly good speaker to ????listeners’ interest for over an hour.
A.hold B. make C .improve D. receive
?【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：为了使听众保持兴趣一个多小时，你必须是一个相当优秀的演讲者。hold在此处意为“使保持”，hold one’s interest/attention“使某人保持兴趣/注意力”，为固定搭配，故选A。
【考例2】Mary, I _________John of his promise to help you.
A. told B. reminded C. warned D. advised
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词固定搭配。句意：玛丽，我已经提醒约翰注意他帮助你的承诺了。remind… of…?意为“就……提醒(某人)，使(某人)想起……”；warn…of…意为“就……警告(某人)”。
【考例3】In recent years, parents have been _______ a great deal of importance to the education of their children.
A. attaching B. attracting C. attacking D. assigning
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词固定搭配。attach importance to 为固定搭配，意思是：重视。句意为：最近几年，父母非常重视他们孩子的教育。attract吸引；attack袭击；assign 分配，指派。
【考例4】I’m not good at ________ people’s mind, so if you should have some requests, let me know.
A.reading B. crossing C. occupying D. changing
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词固定搭配。 句意：我不擅长猜测别人的心思， 所以如果你有要求的话， 请告诉我。 read one’s mind“猜测某人的心思”， 为固定搭配， 符合句意。
. ?方法探究? 辨析动词短语没有捷径可走，要加强平时的背诵，包括词组本身的含义，一词多义，以及词组和动词的搭配，做题时弄懂句意和上下文的逻辑关系，进行判断。尤其是比较生僻的词组和短语，学生平时要特别注意这方面的积累。
★知识链接★
动词+副词+介词的短语有：
add up to合计达；break away from从……脱离开；come up with想出；catch up with赶上；get down to开始认真地做某事；go in for参加，追求；keep away from远离；keep up with跟上；date back to追溯到；put up with忍受，容忍·；run out of用完；watch out for当心；look down upon瞧不起；go ahead with开始，着手；go along with一起去，同意；hold on to坚持等。
一、选择题（Choose the best answer）
1.(2018江苏南京、盐城二模，8)—When will you ????travelling?
—Maybe next week.
A. go in for B. get around to C. look forward to D. hold on to
2.(2018天津河东区一模，7)Playing with the foreign visitors， my cousin is beginning to ???? several different languages.
A. pick up B. pick out C. turn up D. show out
3.(2018天津河西区一模，6)The latest model of the washing machine is very popular with women because it is lighter and ????less space as well.
A. marks out B. takes up C. goes through D. comes into
4. (2018江苏南京三模，12)We watched the harbour and then the coastline ????into the morning mist.
A. turn away B. fade away C. wear away D. break away
5. (2018天津六校二月联考，9)My mother’s health ????under the pressure of a big project and she had to see the doctor.
A. broke up B. broke away C. broke out D. broke down
6. 【南京市 2019 届高三年级学情调研】---What’s up， Kim? You look very excited!
---Sorry， just a moment ago I ran into Tayor Swift so I was a bit .
A.Given up B. have their hands up C. carried away D. driven away
7.(2018天津南开中学4月月考，6)—Have you heard of the French baccalaureate exam?
—Yes. It roughly ????English A levels or the college entrance examination in China.
A. relates to B. contributes to C. caters to D. corresponds to
8. 【南京市 2019 届高三年级学情调研】What a lucky dog! He’s just a starring role in Spielberg’s next movie.
A.landed B. lost C. arranged D. accepted
9.(2018天津市第一中学下学期第四次月考，7)The young man who was expected to ???? his father’s company made an unusual decision that he would start his own business.
A. hand over B. think over C. go over D. take over
10. Facebook has recently________ a string of Facebook groups committed to illegally sharing copyrighted music.
A．cracked down on B．fallen back on
C．kept up with D．got away with
11. We arranged to meet at the cinema at 7：10， but Jack failed to ????.
A. break up B. set up C. turn up D. give up
12. The young man was ????by his grandma in London， so he can speak standard British English.
A. brought up B. caught up C. made up D. showed up
13.(2018天津十二所重点中学高三一联，3)—Peter has spent too much time on novels recently.
—That may ????his poor grade in the exam.
A. account for B. answer for C. apply for D. stand for
14.(2018天津红桥区3月模拟，7)I’d prefer to ????my judgement until I find all the evidence.
A.show B. express C.pass D.reserve
15.(2018天津南开区一模，1)We all ????goodbye to my father as he was on the train to Beijing.
A.made B. shook C.paid D.waved
二、句型训练（Choose the right words in brackets）
1.Body language can ________ （泄露）a lot about your mood，so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
2.In the literature class， our teacher asked us to________（挑出，选出）all the words in the poem that suggest homesickness.
3.—Is there any hope of saving his life?
—His injuries are extremely serious but he's expected to________（康复，痊愈）．
4.A grandmother in Chengdu， Sichuan Province， who has________（开始从事；学着做）pole－dancing is living proof that life doesn't have to gradually stop when you're old.
5. A great part of the information I have was________（获得，得到）by looking up something and finding something else on the way.
6. The Chinese garden architectures are characterized by ________（利用） the environment so that the natural scenes and human interests could be joined together.
7. —Do you know the story of Niulang and Zhinv?
—Of course.Their love story was________（举出例子，提出作为榜样）as an example for hundreds of years in China.
8. What you said doesn’t ???? (与……相符/一致)what the police have told us, so we have to find more evidence.
9. Readers can ????(对付,应付)quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.
10. A new law which bans teenagers from smoking will ???? (开始生效)90 days after the governor signs it.
三、完形填空
（衡水中学2019届高三开学二调）
I am an educator born to make a difference. I have spent my entire life at the ___1___. And we know why kids drop out. But one of the things that we never discuss or we ___2___ discuss is the value and importance of human ___3___.
A colleague said to me, “They don’t pay me to ___4___ the kids. They pay me to teach a ___5___.” Well, I said to her, “You know, kids don’t learn from people they don’t like.” Some think that you can either have it in you to build a ___6___, or you don’t. I have had classes that were so ___7___ that I cried. I wondered, “How am I going to ___8___ this group, in nine months, from where they are to where they need to be? It was difficult, awfully ___9___. How do I ___10___ the self-esteem (自尊) of a child and his academic achievement at the same time?”
One year I ___11___ a bright idea. I told my students, “You were ___12___ to be in my class because I am the best and you are the best.” One of the students said, “Really?” I said, “Really. We have to show the other classes how to do it, so when we walk down the hall, people will ___13___ us, so you can’t make noise.” And I gave them a saying to say: “I am ___14___. I was somebody when I came. I’ll be a better somebody when I leave. I ___15___ the education that I get here. I have things to do, people to impress, and places to go.”
Teaching and learning should ___16___ joy. How ___17___ would our world be if we had kids who were not afraid to take risks, who were not afraid to think, and who had a ___18___? Every child deserves a champion. An educator should be an adult who will never ___19___ on them, who understands the power of connection, and insists that they become the ___20___ that they can possibly be.
1. A. school building B. college C. community center D. prison
2. A. frequently B. partly C. finally D. rarely
3. A. relative B. connection C. experience D. understanding
4. A. please B. satisfy C. like D. treat
5. A. lesson B. joke C. way D. class
6. A. friendship B. bridge C. gap D. relationship
7. A. excellent B. low C. sad D. adaptable
8. A. join B. own C. take D. manage
9. A. upset B. boring C. frustrated D. hard
10. A. raise B. arise C. show D. control
11. A. came out B. came to C. came up with D. came about
12. A. led B. placed C. chosen D. thrown
13. A. notice B. look C. find D. call
14. A. nothing B. somebody C. anybody D. something
15. A. reserve B. expect C. observe D. deserve
16. A. catch B. bring C. express D. indicate
17. A. powerful B. magical C. fearful D. imaginative
18. A. prize B. supporter C. teacher D. champion
19. A. put up B. depend C. give up D. refuse
20. A. bright B. best C. confident D. determined
四、 语法填空
（云南省昆明市2019届高三摸底调研）
Lions，tigers and other animals are staying awake at night___1___（avoid）human beings，a new study finds．
Scientists have known that human activities can lead to changes in nature．Many animals may move around less or travel to far places to keep away___2___people．By being awake at night，animals can also be on guard against possible enemies and spend less time___3___（look）for food．
The latest research found even activities like farming and camping can___4___（fright）animals and cause them to become more active at night．___5___had been studied were lions in Tanzania，tigers in Nepal and monkeys in Brazil．Researchers compared___6___（careful）how much time those animals were active at night in areas of human activities，such as hunting and farming．___7___was human activities that caused an increase of about 20 percent in night time activities，even in creatures that usually sleep at night．Results___8___（publish）in the journal Science two months ago．
The new findings are___9___（usual）because no one else has looked at it in such detail before Ecologist Marlee Tucker was___10___（surprise）that any kind of human activities is enough for anuimals to see people as a threat．
专题七 动词&动词词组（解析版）
在英语学习和考试中，我们会遇到大量的动词短语，短语不同于单词，它们的意思因其相互之间的搭配不同而千变万化，绝不可望文生义。掌握动词短语的意义及其用法对英语听说、阅读、写作的提高有极其重要的作用。动词短语也是历年高考中的热点之一，总结起来主要有以下几点：(1)动词的词义；(2) 动词短语；(3) 动词的搭配。
一、考查动词词义辨析
【考例1】（2018·天津8）It took him a long time to___________ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
A. display B. acquire C. teach D. test
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display显示；B. acquire获得；C. teach教；D. test测试。根据语境，故答案选B。
【考例2】（2018·江苏2）Kids?shouldn’t?have?access?to?violent?films?because?they?might?_______ the?things?they see.
A. indicate B. investigate C. imitate D. innovate
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们所见的事情。A. indicate指示；B. investigate调查；C. imitate模仿；D. innovate改革。根据语境，故答案选C。
【考例3】(2018天津春，5)It’s easy to get lost when you drive in a new city， so it’s important to ????a good map before you set out.
A.study B. display C. deliver D. publish
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：在一座陌生的城市开车时很容易迷路，因此出发前仔细看一份好地图是很重要的。A：仔细看；B：展示，陈列；C：递送，发表；D：出版。根据语境，故答案选A。
【考例4】Emergency line operators must always _____ calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help.
A. grow B. appear C. become D. stay
【答案】D
【解析】考查连系动词辨析。句意：应急线路操作员必须保持冷静，并确保他们得到所有的信息，他们需要发送帮助。become, grow表示状态的变化，stay calm 保持冷静，沉着。
【考例5】The evening news comes on at Seven o' clock and ________ only thirty minutes.
A. keeps B. continues C. finishes D. lasts
【答案】 D。
【解析】根据后面的时间状语“only thirty minutes” 先排除“finish”为瞬间动词；keep“保留，保存”；continue意为“继续”； last“持续，继续”，根据题意“晚间新闻每天7：00开始，持续10分钟。”可知，正确选项为D。
【考例6】(2018天津河西区二模，3)In a low voice she ????that someone was moving about upstairs.
A.shouted B. told C.spoke D.whispered
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：她低声说有人在楼上走动。shout喊叫；tell告知；speak说，讲；whisper“低声说，私语”。根据语境，故答案选D。
【考例7】 (2017·江苏高考卷)A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help________ your year ahead.
A．shape B．switch C．stretch D．sharpen
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：年终时快速回顾一年的成功和失败将有助于你决定来年的发展。shape“决定……的形成，影响……的发展”，符合句意。switch“转变，改变”；stretch“变大，拉长”；sharpen“(使)变得锋利，变得清晰”。 根据语境，故答案选A。
?方法探究?语境词义辨析的关键是要理解句意以及上下文语境。其次要注意以下两点：一是要注意该动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，是延续性动词还是终止性动词；二是要注意一些特殊的动词，如连系动词等。这样就能做到有的放矢。对于动词短语来说，平时一定要注意积累，这样在具体的语境中才能够灵活地使用。
★知识链接★
动词的分类：
①行为动词(又称实义动词)，可分及物(vt．)和不及物动词(vi．) 表示动作或状态，在句中独立作谓语。vt．后须跟宾语；vi．本身词义完整，其后无须再跟宾语，但可有状语。
We study English.我们学习英语。
My father works in a small factory in Beijing.我父亲在北京的一家小工厂里工作。
②连系动词 (link-v) 本身有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成(复合)谓语。常见的有：be，look，become，get，turn等。
We are students.我们都是学生。
③助动词(aux．v．) 本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。用来表示否定、疑问、时态等其他语法形式。常见的有：be，do，have等。
He does not study French.他不学习法语。
Did you go by bus? 你是乘公共汽车去的吗？
The building was built by workers.那座大楼是工人们盖的。
④情态动词 (modal v．) 本身有一定意义，但不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。常用来表示说话人的语气和情态，它没有人称和数的变化。常见的有：can，must，may，need，might，ought to，should等。
He can speak English.他会讲英语。
May I come in? 我可以进来吗？
I could do it before.以前我会做。
二、考查动词短语
【考例1】（2018·天津3）At first Robert wouldn't let his daughter go diving， but eventually he___________ as she was so confidence about her skills.
A. gave in B. dressed up C. broke in D. turned up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿意让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对她的技能是如此有把握。A.gave in屈服，让步；B.dressed up打扮；C.broken in 闯入；打断；D.turned up出现。根据转折词but及原因as she was so confident about her skills可知，最终他让步了。根据语境，故答案选A。
【考例2】（2018·江苏5）Developing?the?Yangtze?River?Economic?Belt?is?a?systematic?project?
which?_______ a clear road map and timetable.
A. calls?for B. calls?on C. calls?off D. calls?up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls for需要；B. calls on号召；C. calls off取消；D. calls up使想起。根据语境，故答案选A。
【考例3】(2018天津春，12)When people want to expand their knowledge， they usually ????books that offer useful information.
point to B. turn to C. attend to D. belong to
?【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当人们想要拓展他们的知识时，他们通常求助于能够提供有用信息的书。turn to求助于，转向；point to指向，提到；attend to照料，处理；belong to属于。根据语境，故答案选B。
【考例4】(2018江苏苏锡常镇四市二模，9)It’s reported that in many countries there are rescue centers for girls who are forced into early marriages， and boys who ????to look after farm animals.
drop in B. drop away C. drop off D. drop out
【答案】D
【解析】句意：据报道，在很多国家都有帮助被迫早婚的女孩和辍学照看农场上的动物的男 孩的救助中心。考查动词短语。drop in顺便拜访；drop away陡降；drop off减少，(开车)顺便把……送到(某处)，打盹；drop out“辍学”。根据语境，故答案选D。
【考例5】(2018天津高考压轴卷，1)I could not ????my tears when I saw the picture of my father working at the quake zone.
A. bring in B. turn up C. take off D. hold back
?【答案】?D
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意：当我看到我父亲在地震灾区工作的照片时，我不禁流下了眼泪。bring in引进；turn up出现，调高；take off 脱下；hold back“控制，抑制”。根据语境，故答案选D。
【考例6】 (2017·扬、泰、通、淮、宿、徐高三二模)Roger trained hard for the tournament for months，but unfortunately he had to________ due to a knee injury.
A．pull out B．work out C．try out D．give out
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：Roger为了锦标赛努力训练了几个月，可不幸的是由于膝盖上的伤他不得不退出。pull out意为“(使)撤离，退出，(火车)驶出”；work out意为“解决，锻炼”；try out意为“试行，试用，试验，参加选拔”；give out意为“用完，停止运行，停止起作用”。根据句中的a knee injury可知，A项符合语境，pull out在这里意为“退出”。
【考例7】 (2017·盐城市高三三模)Teenage girl Wu Yishu won the final round of Chinese Poetry Conference's second season，________ from 100 poetry enthusiasts.
A．working out B．dropping out C．checking out D．standing out
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：参加第二季《中国诗词大会》的少女武亦姝从100个诗词爱好者中脱颖而出，赢得了决赛。work out“锻炼”；drop out“退出”；check out“结账离开”；stand out“突出，显眼”。 根据语境，故答案选D。
?方法探究? 此类试题要求学生重点掌握一些常用的动词和动词短语的用法，熟记它们在不同语境中的意义。同学平时多注意积累，做题时要求考生理解题意 。
★知识链接★
一、同一动词和不同介词或副词搭配
同一动词和不同介词或副词搭配时在意义上的差异，常见的这些动词有：break，die，call，cut，come，get，go，look，put，set，turn，take，pay，pick，make等。
1）break+介词／副词的短语有：
break down击败，摧毁；发生故障，(身体)垮掉；break out爆发；break through突破，突围；break off中断，突然停止；break up打碎；分解；驱散；break in打断；break into破门而人；break away突然离开；逃脱；脱离等。
2）bring+介词的短语有：
bring about使发生；bring back拿回来，使恢复；bring down打倒，降低；bring in引进；bring out出版，生产；bring up培养，养育；bring over使相信，征服等。
3）call+介词／副词的短语有：
call after以……的名字命名；call back叫回，召回，使回忆起；call up征召入伍，给某人打电话，使想起；call on号召，拜访某人．call in召集；call off取消等。
4）come+介词／副词的短语有：
come in进来；come from；来自于……；come about产生；come over过来：come out出来，出现；come by从旁经过；come up上来，走进；come across偶遇；come along发生，进步；come after跟着……来；come back回来；come around恢复知觉；回来；come down下来，倒塌等。
5）cut+介词的短语有：
cut in插嘴，插入；cut across抄近路；cut back减少；cut off切断；cut up切碎，cut away砍掉；cut down砍倒，削减等等；cut out切掉，裁剪出，停止；cut throug通过，穿过等。
6）get+介词／副词的短语有：
get about传播；走动；get through到达，做完，通过，度过，打通(电话)；get in进入，陷入；get on上车，进展，融洽相处；get off下车，下来；get across通过，被理解；get along进展，融洽相处；get away离开，脱身等。
7）give+介词／副词的短语有：
give up放弃；give in屈服，投降；give away赠送，捐赠；泄漏；give over移交，交出，give off放出，发出，排出；give out分发，散发，放出(光，热)；give back归还等。
8）go+介词／副词的短语有：
go ahead着手，开始(做)，进行；go along 进展，前进；go around到处走动；顺便访问；go away离去，走开；go beyond超过；go by过去，流逝；go down下降；go up上升；go for喜欢；go off离开，停止；go over复习，温习；go through经历，穿过等。
9）1ook+介词／副词的短语有：
look after照顾，照料；look away把目光移开；1ook around环顾；look at看；look down朝下看；look for寻找；look into调查；look out当心；look through浏览，检查；等。
10）put+介词／副词的短语有：
put aside把……放在一边，积蓄；put back把……放回原处；put down放下，镇压；put forward提出，建议；put in放进；put off迟，拖延；put on穿上，戴上，增加，上演，put out生产出，出版；put up举起，张贴等。
11）turn+介词／副词的短有：
turn about／round(使)向后转，回头，转身；turn against(使)反对(某人)；turn away转过脸去，拒绝；turn back往回走；turn down调低，关小，拒绝；turn in上缴，上交；turn into(使)变成；turn off关掉；turn on打开；rum out'熄灭，生产；turn to求助于，转向；turn up
调高，到达，出现等。
12）be／get／become+过去分词／形容词+介词的短语有：
be dressed in穿着；be fond of爱好，喜爱；be lost in沉溺于；be located in位于；be addicted to沉溺于．be used to习惯于；be curious about对……好奇；be engaged in忙于……，be glad to乐意……；be convinced of确信，认识到；be aware of意识到；be worried about担心等。
二、不同的动词，后面加上相同的介词或副词
使用频率较高的这类动词有：call，cut，come，go，get，look，put，set，turn，take，pay，pick，make等。常见的介词或副词有：in，off，out，up，away，for，on，over，等。
1）后跟介词about的动词
boast～吹嘘；bother～烦恼；care～关心 complain～抱怨；dream～梦见／想； go～着手做；hear～听说； see～负责，安排；talk～谈论； wonder～疑惑；想知道；gossip～闲聊；说长道短
2）后跟介词against的动词
bump～碰撞；遭到； compete～竞争；go～反对；对……不利； guard～防范；make～与……相违背； offend～违反；protest～抗议；run～不利于；违反；stand～抵御；反对； struggle一同……斗争；turn～背叛 ；witness～作不利于……的证明
3）后跟介词at的动词
aim～目标为； arrive～到达；bark～吠叫； call～访问；catch～抓住； come～袭击；赶上；gaze～凝视；laugh～嘲笑；make～扑向，袭击；point～指向；shoot～向……射击；smile～对……微笑；stare～注视； wonder～惊讶。
4）动词+away构成的短语有：
throw away扔掉；put away把……收拾好；give away捐赠，分发；carry away运走；run away，潜逃；跑开；go away走开等。
5）动词+for构成的短语有：
account～解释；导致； apply～申请；answer～负有责任；apologize～道歉；appeal～呼吁；bargain～想廉价得到；call～要求；需要；care～喜欢；照顾；fight～奋斗；support～支持；争取；head～走向；hunger～渴望；leave～动身前往；live～为……而生活；long～渴望； make～走向；扑向；prepare～做准备；provide～供养；做准备；regret～后悔； run～奔逃；竞争；search～搜寻；send～派人去请；stand～代表； wait～等待。
6）后跟介词from
adapt～改编；come～来自；date～追溯depart～离开；背；die～死于；differ～不同于；dissuade～劝阻；hear～收到……的来信；keep～避开；克制 recover～恢复；result～起因于；shelter～躲避；suffer～遭受
7）后跟介词in的动词
agree～想法一致； arrive～到达；believe～坚信； belong～适合于；consist～在于；deal～经营；interfere～干预； lie～在于；persevere～锲而不舍；persist～坚持不懈；result～导致； share～分享；分担；succeed～成功；trade～做生意。
8）动词+on构成的短语有：
try on试穿，试验；put on穿上，上演；have on穿着，戴着；pull on穿，戴；hold on不挂断，停止；carry on继续开展，坚持；keep on继续；go on继续；get on上(车、船)；come on赶快 ；agree～达成一致 ；call～拜访；号召；concentrate～集中注意力；decide～决定；depend～取决于；get～上马，上车等；hang～取决于；comment～评论；insist～坚决要求；坚持认为；keep～不停；lean～依靠；勒索；live～以……为食；look～看待；rely～依赖；remark～评论；turn～打开；strike～突然想到／发现；work～从事于；wait～服侍。
9）动词+over构成的短语有：
come over过来；hand over移交；go over仔细检查，复习；get over克服，恢复；look over检查；think over仔细考虑；take over接受，接管；turn over翻转等。
10）动词+out构成的短语有：
go out出去，熄灭；look out留神，当心；walk out走出；set out出发，开始：put out扑灭，生产；give out发出，发表；hand out分发；pick out挑选：find out找出，发现；speak out大声地说出；turn out生产，打扫；get out出去，离开；work out计算出，解决，锻炼；carry out实现，执行；bring out出版，start out出发，动身等。
11）后跟介词to的动词
adapt～适应； add～增力；admit～通向；承认 agree～答应；amount～共计； apply～适用；attend～照料；留意 ；belong～属于come～达到；结果是 get～到达；happen～发生；hold～紧握；坚持；keep～遵守；坚持； object～反对；occur～被想起；point～表明；refer～参考；提到； reply～回答；respond～回答；反应； see～办理；保证；stick～粘贴；坚持；turn～求助于
12）动词+up构成的短语有：
come up走进，上来； make up虚构；弥补，组成；put up举起，搭建；pick up捡起，(开车)接某人，偶然得到；set up建立，创(纪录)；send up发射；show up揭露，露面；turn up出现，把……调高一点；take up占据，开始从事等。
add up合计；break up，分裂；解散；bring up抚育，培养；call up召唤，打电话给；come up走近；上来；cut up切碎；dress up打扮；装饰；eat up吃光；吃完；fix up. 修理；give up放弃；go up上升，增长；grow up长大；hold up支撑；hurry up赶快；keep up维持；继续； look up尊敬；向上看；查寻；make up弥补；虚构； pick up捡起；获得；put up抬起；举起；send up发出；射出；set up设立； stay up熬夜；take up开始从事；专注于；wake up醒来；warm up热身
13）后跟介词with的动词
agree～同意；begin～开始；bother～烦恼；combine～联合；化合；communicate～交流； cooperate～合作；cope～对付；处理；deal～处理；交往；do～对付；忍耐； go～相配；一起去；hold～赞同；meet～遇见；遭遇；part～断绝关系；start～开始；sympathize ～同情
三、考查动词搭配
【考例1】(2018天津耀华中学二模，4)You have to be a fairly good speaker to ????listeners’ interest for over an hour.
A.hold B. make C .improve D. receive
?【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：为了使听众保持兴趣一个多小时，你必须是一个相当优秀的演讲者。hold在此处意为“使保持”，hold one’s interest/attention“使某人保持兴趣/注意力”，为固定搭配，故选A。
【考例2】Mary, I _________John of his promise to help you.
A. told B. reminded C. warned D. advised
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词固定搭配。句意：玛丽，我已经提醒约翰注意他帮助你的承诺了。remind… of…?意为“就……提醒(某人)，使(某人)想起……”；warn…of…意为“就……警告(某人)”。
【考例3】In recent years, parents have been _______ a great deal of importance to the education of their children.
A. attaching B. attracting C. attacking D. assigning
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词固定搭配。attach importance to 为固定搭配，意思是：重视。句意为：最近几年，父母非常重视他们孩子的教育。attract吸引；attack袭击；assign 分配，指派。
【考例4】I’m not good at ________ people’s mind, so if you should have some requests, let me know.
A.reading B. crossing C. occupying D. changing
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词固定搭配。 句意：我不擅长猜测别人的心思， 所以如果你有要求的话， 请告诉我。 read one’s mind“猜测某人的心思”， 为固定搭配， 符合句意。
. ?方法探究? 辨析动词短语没有捷径可走，要加强平时的背诵，包括词组本身的含义，一词多义，以及词组和动词的搭配，做题时弄懂句意和上下文的逻辑关系，进行判断。尤其是比较生僻的词组和短语，学生平时要特别注意这方面的积累。
★知识链接★
动词+副词+介词的短语有：
add up to合计达；break away from从……脱离开；come up with想出；catch up with赶上；get down to开始认真地做某事；go in for参加，追求；keep away from远离；keep up with跟上；date back to追溯到；put up with忍受，容忍·；run out of用完；watch out for当心；look down upon瞧不起；go ahead with开始，着手；go along with一起去，同意；hold on to坚持等。
一、选择题（Choose the best answer）
1.(2018江苏南京、盐城二模，8)—When will you ????travelling?
—Maybe next week.
A. go in for B. get around to C. look forward to D. hold on to
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——你什么时候有时间去旅游?——也许下周吧。go in for参加，从事；get around to终于去做(一直想做的事)；look forward to期盼，期待；hold on to守住，保住。故答案选B。
2.(2018天津河东区一模，7)Playing with the foreign visitors， my cousin is beginning to ???? several different languages.
A. pick up B. pick out C. turn up D. show out
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在和外国游客一起玩的过程中，我的表弟在不知不觉中学会了几种不同的语言。表示“无意中学会，在实践中学会，不费力地学会”用pick up。pick out挑出；turn up出现；show out带领……出去。故答案选A。
3.(2018天津河西区一模，6)The latest model of the washing machine is very popular with women because it is lighter and ????less space as well.
A. marks out B. takes up C. goes through D. comes into
【答案】?B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：最新型号的洗衣机非常受女性欢迎，因为它更轻便，占用的空间也更小。take up占据(时间、空间)；mark out画线标出；go through经历，检查；come into进入，卷入。故答案选B。
4. (2018江苏南京三模，12)We watched the harbour and then the coastline ????into the morning mist.
A. turn away B. fade away C. wear away D. break away
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们注视着港口，后来海岸线逐渐消失在清晨的雾里。 fade away“逐渐消失”符合语境；turn away 转过头去，拒绝某人；wear away (使)磨薄；break away 脱离，离开(家、家人或工作)，逃脱。故答案选B。
5. (2018天津六校二月联考，9)My mother’s health ????under the pressure of a big project and she had to see the doctor.
A. broke up B. broke away C. broke out D. broke down
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我母亲在一项重大工程的压力下身体垮了，她不得不去看医生。break down“身体垮掉，精神崩溃”符合语境。break up(使)破碎，结束，(使)散开；break away 摆脱，脱离；break out(战争、火灾、瘟疫等)突然发生。故答案选D。
5.(2018天津红桥区二模，9)Lily felt down because her proposal was ????by the manager with no good reason.
A. turned down B. set down C. put down D. taken down
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：莉莉觉得很沮丧，因为她的提议被经理在没有充分理由的情况下拒绝了。turn down“拒绝”符合语境。set down制定，写下，记下；put down放下， 记下，镇压；take down记录，记下。故答案选A。
6. 【南京市 2019 届高三年级学情调研】---What’s up， Kim? You look very excited!
---Sorry， just a moment ago I ran into Tayor Swift so I was a bit .
A.Given up B. have their hands up C. carried away D. driven away
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语的辨析。A 选项 give up：放弃，辞去，让出；B 选项 hold up：举起，支 撑，耽搁，持械抢劫，举例，经受住；C 选项 carry away： 拿走，使失去自制力；D 选项 drive away： 赶走，离开。根据句意：刚刚我撞见了泰勒 斯威夫特（著名女歌手），我有点儿激动（失去自制力）。故答案选C。
7.(2018天津南开中学4月月考，6)—Have you heard of the French baccalaureate exam?
—Yes. It roughly ????English A levels or the college entrance examination in China.
A. relates to B. contributes to C. caters to D. corresponds to
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——你听说过法国的中学毕业考试吗?——听说过。它大致相当于英国的高级程度考试或中国的高考。 correspond to“相当于”符合语境。relate to与……有关系；contribute to促成，有助于；cater to迎合。故答案选D。
8. 【南京市 2019 届高三年级学情调研】What a lucky dog! He’s just a starring role in Spielberg’s next movie.
A.landed B. lost C. arranged D. accepted
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。A 选项 land：着陆，到达，跌落，谋得（工作、合约）、使…陷入困 境；B 选项 lose：失去，丢失，输掉；C 选项 arrange：安排，整理，准备；D 选项 accept： 接受，容 忍，承担。根据句意：多么幸运啊！他在斯皮尔伯格（美国著名导演）的下一部电影中谋得主演的 角色。故答案选A。
9.(2018天津市第一中学下学期第四次月考，7)The young man who was expected to ???? his father’s company made an unusual decision that he would start his own business.
A. hand over B. think over C. go over D. take over
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：有望接管他父亲的公司的这位年轻人做出了一个不同寻常的决定——自己创业。 take over接管；hand over(to)让……接手，把……移交给；think over仔细考虑；go over仔细检查。故答案选D。
10. Facebook has recently________ a string of Facebook groups committed to illegally sharing copyrighted music.
A．cracked down on B．fallen back on
C．kept up with D．got away with
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：脸谱网最近严厉打击了一批致力于非法分享版权音乐的
脸谱网群体。crack down on意为“严厉打击，镇压”；fall back on意为“求助于，转而依
靠”；keep up with意为“跟上，赶上”；get away with意为“应付过去，(做错事而)不受惩
罚”。 故答案选A。
11. We arranged to meet at the cinema at 7：10， but Jack failed to ????.
A. break up B. set up C. turn up D. give up
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们安排7：10在电影院见面，但杰克没有出现。 turn up(=appear)“出现，露面”符合句意。break up打碎，解散，(使)散开；set up建立；give up放弃。故答案选C。
12. The young man was ????by his grandma in London， so he can speak standard British English.
A. brought up B. caught up C. made up D. showed up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个年轻人是由他的祖母在伦敦带大的，所以他能说标准的英式英语。bring up养育，抚养大；catch up追上，赶上；make up组成，创作；show up到场，出现。故答案选A。
13.(2018天津十二所重点中学高三一联，3)—Peter has spent too much time on novels recently.
—That may ????his poor grade in the exam.
A. account for B. answer for C. apply for D. stand for
【答案】?A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：——彼得最近花了太多时间在看小说上。——这可能是他考试成绩差的原因。 account for说明(原因、理由等)；answer for对……负责；apply for申请；stand for代表，象征。故答案选A。
14.(2018天津红桥区3月模拟，7)I’d prefer to ????my judgement until I find all the evidence.
A.show B. express C.pass D.reserve
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：在我找到所有的证据之前，我宁愿保留我的意见。reserve (one’s)judg(e)ment保留意见。show给……看，表现出，显露出；express表达，表示；pass通过。故答案选D。
15.(2018天津南开区一模，1)We all ????goodbye to my father as he was on the train to Beijing.
A.made B. shook C.paid D.waved
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：在我父亲登上去北京的火车时，我们都向他挥手告别。wave goodbye to sb.“向某人挥手道别”，为固定搭配。故答案选D。
二、句型训练（Choose the right words in brackets）
1.Body language can ________ （泄露）a lot about your mood，so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
【答案】give away
【解析】句意为：身势语能够清楚地泄露出你的情绪，因此双臂交叉站着则表示你正在防御。
2.In the literature class， our teacher asked us to________（挑出，选出）all the words in the poem that suggest homesickness.
【答案】pick out
【解析】句意：在文学课上，老师要求我们挑出诗中所有暗示思乡的词汇。
3.—Is there any hope of saving his life?
—His injuries are extremely serious but he's expected to________（康复，痊愈）．
【答案】pull through
【解析】句意：——还有希望救活他吗？——他伤得特别重，但是有望恢复。
4.A grandmother in Chengdu， Sichuan Province， who has________（开始从事；学着做）pole－dancing is living proof that life doesn't have to gradually stop when you're old.
【答案】taken up
【解析】句意：当你老了人生未必会逐渐停止，四川成都的一位开始跳钢管舞的老奶奶就是活生生的证明。
5. A great part of the information I have was________（获得，得到）by looking up something and finding something else on the way.
【答案】acquired
【解析】句意：我的大部分知识都是这样获得的：在寻找某个资料时意外地发现了另外的资料。
6. The Chinese garden architectures are characterized by ________（利用） the environment so that the natural scenes and human interests could be joined together.
【答案】taking advantage of
【解析】句意：中国园林建筑具有利用环境的特征，这样自然风景和人类的兴趣可以很好地融合在一起。
7. —Do you know the story of Niulang and Zhinv?
—Of course.Their love story was________（举出例子，提出作为榜样）as an example for hundreds of years in China.
【答案】held up
【解析】句意：——你知道牛郎织女的故事吗？——当然。几百年来他们的爱情故事在中国被当作榜样。be held up as an example被当作例子。
8. What you said doesn’t ???? (与……相符/一致)what the police have told us, so we have to find more evidence.
【答案】agree with
【解析】句意：你所说的与警方告诉我们的不一致,所以我们必须找到更多的证据。
9. Readers can ????(对付,应付)quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.
【答案】get along
【解析】句意：读者即便不知道每个词的确切含义也能应付自如。
10. A new law which bans teenagers from smoking will ???? (开始生效)90 days after the governor signs it.
【答案】come into effect
【解析】句意：一项禁止青少年吸烟的新法规将在州长签署后90天生效。
三、【衡水中学2019届高三开学二调】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I am an educator born to make a difference. I have spent my entire life at the ___1___. And we know why kids drop out. But one of the things that we never discuss or we ___2___ discuss is the value and importance of human ___3___.
A colleague said to me, “They don’t pay me to ___4___ the kids. They pay me to teach a ___5___.” Well, I said to her, “You know, kids don’t learn from people they don’t like.” Some think that you can either have it in you to build a ___6___, or you don’t. I have had classes that were so ___7___ that I cried. I wondered, “How am I going to ___8___ this group, in nine months, from where they are to where they need to be? It was difficult, awfully ___9___. How do I ___10___ the self-esteem (自尊) of a child and his academic achievement at the same time?”
One year I ___11___ a bright idea. I told my students, “You were ___12___ to be in my class because I am the best and you are the best.” One of the students said, “Really?” I said, “Really. We have to show the other classes how to do it, so when we walk down the hall, people will ___13___ us, so you can’t make noise.” And I gave them a saying to say: “I am ___14___. I was somebody when I came. I’ll be a better somebody when I leave. I ___15___ the education that I get here. I have things to do, people to impress, and places to go.”
Teaching and learning should ___16___ joy. How ___17___ would our world be if we had kids who were not afraid to take risks, who were not afraid to think, and who had a ___18___? Every child deserves a champion. An educator should be an adult who will never ___19___ on them, who understands the power of connection, and insists that they become the ___20___ that they can possibly be.
1. A. school building B. college C. community center D. prison
2. A. frequently B. partly C. finally D. rarely
3. A. relative B. connection C. experience D. understanding
4. A. please B. satisfy C. like D. treat
5. A. lesson B. joke C. way D. class
6. A. friendship B. bridge C. gap D. relationship
7. A. excellent B. low C. sad D. adaptable
8. A. join B. own C. take D. manage
9. A. upset B. boring C. frustrated D. hard
10. A. raise B. arise C. show D. control
11. A. came out B. came to C. came up with D. came about
12. A. led B. placed C. chosen D. thrown
13. A. notice B. look C. find D. call
14. A. nothing B. somebody C. anybody D. something
15. A. reserve B. expect C. observe D. deserve
16. A. catch B. bring C. express D. indicate
17. A. powerful B. magical C. fearful D. imaginative
18. A. prize B. supporter C. teacher D. champion
19. A. put up B. depend C. give up D. refuse
20. A. bright B. best C. confident D. determined
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. A 11. C 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. D 16. B 17. A 18. D 19. C 20. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇故事。作者通过自己教学的亲身经历告诉我们教育者应该懂得联系的价值和重要性，对学生不放弃，做最好的自己。
1．考查名词辨析。A. school building 教学楼；B. college学院；大学 ；C. community center社区中心；D. prison监狱。根据I am an educator和why kids drop out可知作者是一名教育工作者，所以是一生在学校的教学楼度过，故答案选A。
2.考查副词辨析。A. frequently频繁地；B. partly部分地；C. finally最后；D. rarely很少。句首But意思转折，与or前的we never discuss并列，指我们从未讨论或很少讨论人类关系的价值和重要性。和never意思一致，故选D.
3.考查名词辨析。A. relative亲戚；B. connection关系；C. experience经验；D. understanding理解。根据下文的the self-esteem (自尊) of a child and his academic achievement, Teaching and learning, the power of connection可知是自尊和学业，教和学的这些人类关系。故选B.
4.考查动词辨析。A. please使高兴；B. satisfy满足；C. like喜欢；D. treat治疗，对待。此处指家长花钱不是让我喜欢他们的孩子，而是花钱让我教他们的孩子课程。故选C.
5.考查名词辨析。A. lesson课；B. joke玩笑；C. way方法；D. class班级。此处指家长花钱让老师教他们的孩子课程，故选A.
6.考查名词辨析。A. friendship友谊；B. bridge桥；C. gap间隙；D. relationship关系。有的认为你有能力建立关系，或者不能。与文中的connection意思一致，故选D.
7.考查形容词辨析。A. excellent极好的；B. low低的；C. sad难过的；D. adaptable适合的。我曾经上过水平很低的课，以至于我都哭了。指讲课水平低，故选B.
8.考查动词辨析。A. join参加；B. own拥有；C. take拿，接受；D. manage管理。此处指我怎样接受这群人，在九个月内改变这些人。指接受学生们，故选C.
9.考查形容词辨析。A. upset心烦的；B. boring无聊的；C. frustrated失意的；D. hard困难的。与difficult意思一致，指改变他们很难，非常难。故选D.
10.考查动词辨析。A. raise提高；B. arise出现，上升；C. show显示；D. control控制。此处指怎样同时提高他们的自尊和学业水平，表示提高，故选A.
11.考查动词短语辨析。A. came out结果是；B. came to共计；C. came up with提出；D. came about发生。此处指有一天我提出了一个聪明的想法，come up with idea想出主意，提出想法。故选C.
12.考查动词辨析。A. led领导；B. placed放置；C. chosen选择；D. thrown扔掉。我告诉学生们：“你们被选入我的班级是因为我是最好的，你们也是最好的”。表示选择，故选C.
13．考查动词辨析。A. notice注意；B. look看；C. find找到；D. call呼叫。我们从走廊过时，人们会注意我们，所以我们不能制造噪音。表示注意，故选A.
14.考查代词辨析。 A. nothing无事； B. somebody有人； C. anybody任何人 ； D. something某事。与句中I I was somebody when I came. I’ll be a better somebody when I leave.两次提到的somebody一致，告诉我们应该是什么样的人。故答案选B。
15.考查动词辨析。A. reserve预定；B. expect期望；C. observe观察；D. deserve应受。此处指我应该得到这里的教育，表示应受，应得，故选D.
16.考查动词辨析。A. catch赶上；B. bring带来；C. express表达；D. indicate表明。作者认为教和学应该带来快乐，根据句意选B.
17.考查形容词辨析。A. powerful强大的，强有力的；B. magical有魔力的；C. fearful可怕的；D. imaginative富于想象的。如果我们的孩子不害怕冒险，不害怕思考，世界会多么强大。故选A.
18.考查名词辨析。A. prize奖品；B. supporter支持者；C. teacher教师；D. champion冠军，战士。此处指孩子们是冠军，描述对象是孩子们，下句Every child deserves a champion.给了提示，故选D.
19.考查动词辨析。A. put up建造；B. depend依靠；C. give up放弃；D. refuse拒绝。教育者应该对孩子们永不放弃，故选C.
20.考查形容词辨析。A. bright明亮的；B. best最好的；C. confident自信的；D. determined坚决的。教育者应该坚信他们会成为最好的自己。与上文I am the best呼应，故选B.
四、 语法填空
【云南省昆明市2019届高三摸底调研】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Lions，tigers and other animals are staying awake at night___1___（avoid）human beings，a new study finds．
Scientists have known that human activities can lead to changes in nature．Many animals may move around less or travel to far places to keep away___2___people．By being awake at night，animals can also be on guard against possible enemies and spend less time___3___（look）for food．
The latest research found even activities like farming and camping can___4___（fright）animals and cause them to become more active at night．___5___had been studied were lions in Tanzania，tigers in Nepal and monkeys in Brazil．Researchers compared___6___（careful）how much time those animals were active at night in areas of human activities，such as hunting and farming．___7___was human activities that caused an increase of about 20 percent in night time activities，even in creatures that usually sleep at night．Results___8___（publish）in the journal Science two months ago．
The new findings are___9___（usual）because no one else has looked at it in such detail before Ecologist Marlee Tucker was___10___（surprise）that any kind of human activities is enough for anuimals to see people as a threat．
【答案】1. to avoid 2. from 3. looking 4. frighten 5. What 6. carefully
7. It 8. were published 9. unusual 10. surprised
【解析】本文是一项关于动物的最新研究报道。狮子、老虎和其他动物在夜间保持清醒，以躲避人类。最新的研究发现，即使是像耕作和露营这样的活动也能吓到动物，让它们在夜间变得更加活跃。
1.考查动词不定式。句意：狮子、老虎和其他动物在夜间保持清醒，以躲避人类。结合拘役此处是动词不定式作目的状语，故答案填to avoid。
2．考查固定词组。句意：许多动物可能会更少地移动，或者到很远的地方去远离人群。固定词组：keep away from远离，回避，故答案为from。
3.考查固定结构。句意：通过在夜间保持清醒，动物也可以防备可能的敌人，花更少的时间寻找食物。spend---（in）doing sth.在做---上花费，故答案为looking。
4.考查动词。句意：最新的研究发现，即使是像耕作和露营这样的活动也能吓到动物，让它们在夜间变得更加活跃。情态动词后面跟动词原形，frighten“使害怕”是动词，故答案为frighten。
5.考查主语从句。句意：研究的对象是坦桑尼亚的狮子、尼泊尔的老虎和巴西的猴子。分析句子结构，句子没有主语，此处用主语从句做主语，从句没有主语和引导词，所以应该用what引导主语从句，故答案为what。
6.考查副词。句意：研究人员仔细比较了这些动物在夜间活动的时间，比如狩猎和农耕。此处compare是动词，副词修饰动词，故答案为carefully。
7.考查强调句式。句意：正是人类活动导致夜间活动增加了大约20%，即使是在夜间睡觉的生物中也是如此。此处是强调句型，It was+强调部分+that---，故答案为It。学科&网
8.考查被动语态。句意：研究结果发表在两个月前的《科学》杂志上。根据two months ago且句子主语Results和publish之间是被动关系，所以此处用一般过去时态的被动语态，答案为were published。
9.考查形容词。句意：这些新发现是不同寻常的，因为在生态学家Marlee Tucker惊讶地发现，任何人类活动都足以让动物把人视为威胁。以前没有其他的人这样详细地考虑过。根据句意，故答案填unusual。
10.考查过去分词。句意：这些新发现是不同寻常的，因为在生态学家Marlee Tucker惊讶地发现，任何人类活动都足以让动物把人视为威胁以前，没有其他的人这样详细地考虑它。结合句意可知答案为surprised。
