专题三 代词（原卷版）
代词种类繁多，按照其不同的含义和作用代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用，在各地历年的高考题中都有体现。代词的种类和变化错综复杂，尤其是词义相近或相关的不定代词，在实际应用中往往容易混淆。因此，特别要注意结合具体语言环境区分各类代词的不同用法。
那么关于代词的考查题目主要集中在：(1)代词it的用法；(2)不定代词one的用法；(3)指示代词that的用法；(4)不定代词在具体语境中的区别。
考查人称代词
【考例1】.(2018天津春,2)Professional skills are tools like a knife or a hammer. You need ????to complete the things you want to do.
it B. that C. them D. ones
?【答案】C
【解析】句意:专业技能像刀子和锤子一样是工具。你需要它们来完成你想做的事情。考 查代词。it特指同类同物,用于指代可数名词单数或不可数名词;that同类不同物,特指可数名 词单数或不可数名词;them特指,用于指代可数名词的复数;ones泛指可数名词的复数形式。此处指代可数名词复数“tools”且作宾语,故用them。
【考例2】(2018江苏南京三模,24)We come from different cultures, and carry with ???? different histories.
it B. that C. us D. them
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。 句意:我们来自不同的文化,身上承载着不同的历史。理顺后半句语序and carry different histories with ????,即可得知,设空处在此处作介词宾语,故需用人称代词we的宾格形式, 故答案选C。 。
【方法探究】分析句子，确定缺少的成分。人称代词的主格和宾格在句中充当的成分。
★知识链接★
一、人称代词的主要用法
主语
用主格形式
I think foreign languages are difficult as science subjects.我认为外语和其他自然学科一样难。
宾格
用宾格形式
Uncle Wang was waiting for them outside the factory gate.王大叔正在工厂门口等着他们。
表语
代指主语用主格
I thought it must be she.（我想肯定是她。）
Was it he who phoned？（是他打的电话吗？）
代指宾语用宾格
It was him that we saw just now.（我们看到的就是他。）
I believe the writer to be her.（我看作者是他。）
注意：在并列主语中，出于礼貌的缘故，习惯上是第二、第三人称代词居前，第一人称居后的顺序排列，即常按you，he and I排列。例如：
Pierre and I did have a very good time at the ball.皮埃尔和我在舞会上过得非常愉快。
但在承认错误或承担责任时，英语往往是把 “I” 放在其他人的前面以示勇于认错。例如：
I and Mr. White are to blame.我和怀特先生都应当负责。
I and my brother made the mistakes.我和我兄弟犯了这个错误。
she、 they 可用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等：
China will always do what she has promised to do.中国是说话算数的。
人称代词用法口诀?
人称代词主宾格，作用不同莫用错。?
主格动词前做主，动词介词后宾格。?
You和it主宾同，其他主宾须分清。?
人称代词并列现，尊重他人礼当先。?
单数人称二三一，复数人称一二三。?
若把错误责任担，第一人称我靠前。
二、物主代词的主要用法
类别
句子成分
例句
形容词性物主代词
形容词性的物主代词用来修饰名词作定语
Will you please show me his mobile phone?
Let the past bury its dead.（让过去永远埋葬。）
名词性的物主代词
主语
Ours is the best team in the league.我们队在联赛中是最强的队。（作主语）
宾语
I do my work and the others do theirs.我干我的工作其他人干他们自己的工作。
表语
Look at that book on the desk. May be it's yours.看桌子上的那本书，可能是你的。（作表语）
注意：物主代词巧记口诀：
物主代词分两形，一形二名要记清；
名词要作主表宾，形容词性只作定；
名词性词尾“s”型，除了我的属特型。
三、反身代词的主要用法
表示“我（们）自己，你（们）自己，她、它、他（们）自己”的代词叫反身代词。
单数
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
反身代词的句法功能
句法功能
宾
语
动词后
I’m teaching myself English.我正在自学英语。
介词后
Jim, you must look after yourself and keep healthy.吉姆你得照顾好你自己并保持健康。
同
位
语
主语的
The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。
宾语的
Choosing the right one is a difficult job in itself.选择合适的职业本身就是一件困难的工作。
表语
I haven't been myself since the accident.自从那次事故以来，我的情绪一直不好。
并列主语
My father and myself walked back home that evening.那天晚上我和爸爸步行回家。
与某些介词或动词构成短语
by oneself= alone 独自 for oneself独立、为自己 enjoy oneself玩得愉快
seat oneself坐下 come to oneself苏醒
help oneself to 自行取用、不用客气 make oneself at home 不要客气
注意：反身代词巧记口诀
反身代词莫乱用，句中常作宾表同；
定语成分不能用，固定搭配须记清。
二、代词it的用法
【考例1】(2018天津南开区一模,6)The new online library makes ????possible for students to choose books by smartphone off campus.
it B. one C. that D. this
?【答案】A
【解析】考查代词。句意:新的网上图书馆使学生在校园外也能通过智能手机选择书籍。 固定句型make+it+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.意为“使做……对某人来说……”,其中it为形式宾语, 真正的宾语为不定式短语。one泛指可数名词单数;that特指前面的可数名词单数或不可数名 词;this表近指,“这个”。故答案选A。
【考例2】(2018天津部分区高三质量调查二,1)I like ????when my classmates and I go to a karaoke bar and sing together crazily.
this B. one C. that D. it
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词。句意:我喜欢和同学们去卡拉OK酒吧,一起疯狂地唱歌。固定句型:I like/hate it+when...,其中it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是when引导的从句。故答案选D。
【考例3】(2017天津十二所重点中学一模,8)You look very beautiful in this dress and there is only one of this kind left here. I wonder if you would buy ????.
one B. it C. some D. any
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词。句意:你穿这件连衣裙很漂亮,这儿只有一件这样的了。我不知道你是否会买它。此处特指上句中提到的那件连衣裙,应用it。故答案选B。
【考例4】(2017·连云港、宿迁、徐州高三三模)—What's wrong with him? He seemed upset.
—He had to give up his drawing，not because he wanted _____ that way but because he had to be.
A．this B. one C. it D. such
【答案】C
【解析】考查代词。句意：——他怎么了？看起来有点不开心。——他不得不放弃绘画，不是因为他自己想要放弃而是现实逼得他不得不放弃。it指代前面的放弃绘画。故答案选C。
【考例5】(2016浙江杭州学军中学五月模拟,12)She hurried and made ????home just in time to see her son before he went to bed.
herself B. this C. that D. it
【答案】?D
【解析】考查代词。句意:她匆忙回家刚好赶在儿子睡觉前看到他。make it(尤指在困难情 况下)准时到达。故答案选D。
【方法探究】it除了可以在主语从句和宾语从句中充当形式主语和形式宾语外，还可以替代不定式和动名词作形式主语和宾语。这就要求能够正确分析句子成分，把握it所在位置的功能，判断出it所作的成分。
★知识链接★
①it用来替代前面提到的同一事物时，被替代的名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，要摈除认为it只能代替可数名词的误解。例如：
Have you still kept your old furniture?
一No，I have sold it．(it替代不可数名词furniture)
②it可以替代英语句式中的不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句，在句中作形式主语或形式宾语。例如：
I think it is no good parents doing anything for their children．(it替代动名词的复合结构parents doing anything for their children．)。
③it可以替代前面的某一名词或整个句子的内容，这时可用that替换，也可以改为非限制性定语从句。例如：
He said he had never met her，and it is not true．(it替代前面整个句子He said．“)；
有时it可以前置替代，用以代替后面整个句子的内容，这时不可用that替换。例如：
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full．(it代替后面整个句子when people talk with．”)。
④it指代天气、环境、时间、季节、金钱和距离等。例如：
It was very noise(quiet)at the very moment．中it指代的就是环境，而It is a long way to the schoo1．中it指代的就是距离。
⑤it用在以下几个特殊结构中：
It is time for sb．to do sth．；
It is(high)time that sb．did／should do sth(虚拟语气)；
It is +strange／necessary…+that + sb．(do) sth.(虚拟语气)；
It is no use／good +doing sth．；
It is+被强调部分+that／who+…；
It is／was+时间+since,”；
It is／was the first／second／third time that sb(have／had done sth；
it takes sb．some time to do sth．；
It is up to sb．to do sth．。这些句式在结构上和时态上要灵活把握。
⑥用于情景对话中笼统地谈论某种情况。
例如：I can't make it.我也没办法。
代词it用法巧记口诀
代词it本领大，即可指这又指那；
时间天气均可指，谈到距离也用它；
形主形宾均可做，强调句型紧跟that。
考查不定代词one的用法
【考例1】(2018天津河东区一模,5) ???? who are able to work through the struggle are the ???? who are going to be successful.
A．Someone; one B. Anyone; one C. He; ones D. Those; ones
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词。句意:那些能够克服困难的人是将来会成功的人。句中缺少定语从句 的先行词,根据句中定语从句中的动词are可知,先行词用复数,故选D。
【考例2】(2018第三次全国大联考江苏卷,30)Though a farmer, Zhu Zhiwen has become a huge success as a singer, whose story is really ???? of great inspiration.
A.everything B.nothing C.the one D.one
?【答案】D
【解析】考查不定代词。句意:朱之文虽然是一位农民,但作为一名歌手却取得了巨大的成功。他的故事确实非常鼓舞人心。此处one=a story,表泛指。
【考例3】(2018天津滨海新区七所重点学校毕业联考,23)“Made in China 2025” aims to transform China from a product-making factory into a product-making power, ????driven by innovation and emphasizing quality over quantity.
A. the one that B. one that C. one D. the one
【答案】C
【解析】考查不定代词作同位语。句意:《中国制造2025》旨在将中国从一个制造工厂转变为一个由创新驱动、重质量而非数量的制造强国。此处用代词one作同位语,替代名词短语a product-making power。本题易认为that引导定语从句修饰one而错选B。
【考例4】(2018江苏苏锡常镇四市二模,21)—What do you think of Steven Hawking?
—Well, despite his disabled body, he was a man of scientific nature, ????worthy of admiration.
A.one B.who C.that D.this
【答案】A
【解析】考查不定代词作同位语。句意:——你怎么评价斯蒂芬·霍金?——尽管他身体残疾,但他是一个具有科学天赋的人,值得敬佩。one指代前面所述的a man of scientific nature,在句中作同位语。若选who则要构成非限制性定语从句,设空处后缺少谓语。
【考例5】(2017天津南开区三模,5)A variety of solutions have been provided for us to solve the problem. We can choose ????to start with.
A．it B. that C. each D. one
【答案】D
【解析】考查不定代词。句意:这个问题的各种解决方案已经提供给我们了。我们可以选择其中一种开始。此处one=a solution,表示泛指。
【方法探究】做此类型的题关键在于能够准确判断出所要指代的词是泛指还是特指，如果是泛指可数名词单数，就可以考虑one如果是复数名词，就可考虑ones，如果是特指，则要用that，those或the one， the ones 来替代。
★知识链接★
①one替代由可数名词所表示的一类人或事物中的任何一个，即泛指中的强调。这时，替代词one前面不可加任何限定词。例如：
I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have one。
②one在定语从句中作先行词替代特指的同一类人或事物时，其前面必须用定冠词the来限定，但不可用that替换。如果先行词为“one of…”，其关系代词在定语从句中作主语，从句中的谓语动词常用复数形式。例如：
This is one of the highest buildings that have been built in our city recently.
反之，如果在one前面加修饰语，则从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
He is the only one of t11e students who has worked out the problem.
③one的复数形式为ones，作替代词时，只可替代同一类人或事物的复数名词，其前面必须有限定词，如the，my，all等修饰。但不能用数词或many修饰。例如：
Mr．Zhang gave the textbooks to the pupils except the ones who had already taken them．(句中the ones可用those替代)
三、考查指示代词that的用法
【考例1】(2017·盐城市高三三模)A young person is said to have behavior disorder when his or her behavior is noticeably different from________ expected in the school or community.
A．one B．ones C．that D．those
【答案】C
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意：当一个年轻人的行为明显不同于学校或社会期望的行为时，他(她)就被认为有行为障碍。空处替代the behavior，表示特指，故用that。
【考例2】(2016·浙江高考卷)In many ways，the education system in the US is not very different from ________in the UK.
A．that B．this C．one D．it
【答案】A
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系与英国的并没有很大的不同。A项that代替前面的the education system，符合句意。this这个；one泛指上文提到过的同类事物中的一个；it指代上文提到过的同一事物。
【考例3】(2016北京海淀区二模,23)People expect Shanghai Disneyland Park to offer better service than ???? of Tokyo’s.
A．this B. it C. one D. that
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:人们期望上海迪士尼乐园提供比东京迪士尼乐园更好的服务。 that=the service。
【考例4】(2017·扬州高三一模)The volunteers provided the lonely elders each with an overcoat，________ could help them keep warm through the winter.
A．one B．that C．it D．one that
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词的辨析。句意：志愿者给那些孤独的老人每人提供了一件大衣，一件能够帮助他们保暖过冬的大衣。one用于泛指前面提到过的可数名词，相当于“a/an＋名词”；that特指前面提到的名词，that和被指代的名词并非指同一事物，而是同类事物；it指前面提到过的同一个事物，相当于“the＋名词”。根据语境，此处应用one指代an overcoat，且此处one作an overcoat的同位语，后面的that引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，that不可以省略。
【方法探究】
此类型题的突破点在于明确that所能指代的成分，that所指代的名词既可以是可
数名词又可以是不可数名词，并且前后一般存在相互比较或对照的因素，在比较状语than
后更常用。
★知识链接★
①that用来替代前面提到的特指的事物，所代替的名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数
名词。代替可数名词可以用the one替换。但其前面不可用任何限定词修饰。例如：
The Population Of China is larger than that of Japan(that代替不可数名词population，不可用
the one替换)。／The head teacher in your class is younger and more active than that in
theirs．(that代替可数名词head teacher，可用the one替换)
②that在并列分句中可以替代前面某一个名词或整个句子的内容，这时可用it替换，也可改
为非限制性定语从句。例如：
She heard a terrible noise，and that brought her heart into her mouth．(that替代前面的名词noise，也可用it来替换)
③that在定语从句中可作关系代词，代替某个先行词(人或物)。例如：
The lady that came to our class is from Austrian(that指代先行词lady，也可用who来替换)
④that的复数形式为those，只可替代可教名词复数，在句中相当于the ones。例如：
The nights there in summer are shorter than those in winter．(those替代nights，可用the ones替换)
四、复合不定代词在具体语境中的区别。
【考例1】(2018天津河西区三模,2)If you want to change for a double room, you’ll have to pay ????$25.
A.other B. more C. another D. each
【答案】?C
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:如果你想换一个双人间,你得再付25美元。another“(同类的)另一, 又一”符合语境。other其他的,其余的;more更多;each每个,各自。
【考例2】(2018江苏南京、盐城二模,24)—Metteo’s new album Panama has turned out to be a hit.
—Oh, he is really ????of a lucky dog.
A.nothing B. anything C. everything D. something
【答案】D
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:——Metteo的新专辑《巴拿马》大获成功。——哦,他真的可以说是个幸运儿。something of a...为固定结构,意为“可以说是一个……”。
【考例3】(2018江苏高三压轴冲刺卷,30)Any writer, if concerned with ????but what the critics think of his book, will find it a struggle to put a single word down on the paper.
A.anything B. nothing C. something D. everything
【答案】?B
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:任何一位作家,如果只关注评论家们对他的书的看法的话,那他就会发现很难在纸上写出一个字。nothing but=only只是,仅仅。
【考例4】(2018天津红桥区二模,2)—Did you have any trouble with the western customs?
— ????to speak of.
A.None B. Anything C. Nobody D. No one
【答案】A
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:——你对西方风俗习惯有什么不了解的地方吗?——很少。none/nothing to speak of很少,不值一提。
【考例5】(2018北京海淀区一模,1)The course is designed to help students learn to show respect for ?????.
A.others B. both C. those D. either
【答案】??A
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:设置这门课程是为了帮助学生学会尊重他人。 根据句意“帮助学生学会尊重他人(other people)”,故此处填others (其他人)。both两者都;those那些;either两者中的任何一个。
【考例6】(2018北京朝阳区一模,3)The meal itself was not so good— ???? was boringly brown including vegetables.
A.nothing B. everything C. anything D. something
【答案】B
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:这顿饭本身不是很好——包括蔬菜在内的所有东西都是棕色的,令人生厌。everything每件事,所有事物,一切;nothing没有事,没有一件东西;anything 任何事物/东西;something某事/物。根据句意可知,包括蔬菜在内的每样东西都是棕色的,故选B。
【考例7】(2018天津南开区三模,2)—The little boat is ????safe. Don’t you think so, Mike?
—No worries! I’ve been on this boat dozens of times.
A. something but B. nothing but C. anything but D. everything but
【答案】?C
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:——这条小船一点也不安全。难道你不这么认为吗,迈克?——没问题。我已经乘坐过这条船很多次了。anything but“绝不,根本不”符合语境。nothing but仅仅,只有,只不过。
【方法探究】常用不定代词有: some(something，somebody，someone)，any(anything，anybody，anyone)， no( nothing，nobody，no?one)， every( everything，everybody，everyone，)一般用于肯定句中的不定代词: some, someone, somebody, something；一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中的不定代词:any, anyone, anybody, anything?；一般用于句中表示否定意义的不定代词:no, no?one, nobody, nothing。句意是关键。
★知识链接★
1.由some，any，no，every加上-body，-one，-thing构成的不定代词，叫复合不定代词。
some构成的不定代词一般用于肯定句，意为“某人或某物，重要的人或事”。
You can ask anyone for help. Everyone here is willing to lend you a hand.
你可以向任何人求助，这里的每一个人都愿意帮助你。
2．any构成的不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中，意为“随便某个人或物，无论什么人或物，什么人或物都可以”。
Does anybody else want to go? 还有人想去吗？
3．no构成的不定代词意为“没什么人或物”。
—One week’s time has been wasted.
—I can’t believe we did all that work for nothing.
我简直不敢相信我们所做的一切都是徒劳的。
Nobody can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn't love it.
没有人能40年来做好某件事，如果他不喜欢的话。
4．every构成的不定代词意为“一切人或物，每个人或物”。everything还可表示“最重要的人或物”。如：
Good families are much to all their members, but everything to none.
优秀的的家庭对她们的成员来说意味着很多， 但并不是一切。
【考例1】(2018江苏苏北四市高三一调,30)During the Singles’Day in 2017, the sales of Chinese ecommerce giants such as Alibaba outnumbered ????of Black Friday and Cyber Monday in the US.
A. that B. those C. this D. it
【答案】???B
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:在2017年“双十一”,阿里巴巴等中国电子商务巨头的销售额超过了美国的黑色星期五和网络星期一。设空处替代前面的the sales,故选B。
【考例2】(2017天津南开区二模,12)How could they reach an agreement? Some said one thing, but others__________.
A.other B. another C. the other D. others
【答案】??B
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:他们怎么能达成一致意见呢?一些人说的是一件事,但其他人说的是另一件事。one thing与another对应。
【考例3】(2017北京海淀区二模,23)—Do you have ???ready for the spring outing?
—No, I still have to buy some fruit.
A.everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
【答案】?A
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:——你准备好春游的一切了吗?——没有,我还得买些水果。 由答句“没有,我还得买些水果”可知,问的是“有没有做好一切准备”,故选everything。
【考例4】(2017北京海淀区一模,21)—What do you think of the two designs?
—Frankly, I like ???? of them. Please show me a third one.
A.any B. either C. neither D. both
【答案】?C
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:——你觉得这两个设计怎么样?——说实话,两个我都不喜欢。请给我看看其他的吧。由答语中show me a third one可知,对两个设计都不满意,故选neither(两者都不)。any三者或三者以上中任何一个;either两者中的任何一个;both两者都。
【考例5】(2016天津武清区三调,5)The supermarket has been broken into three times in the last two years, ????resulting in their great loss.
A.each B. every C. any D. either
【答案】A
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:在过去的两年里,这家超市遭窃了三次,每次都造成了巨大的损失。 each指两者或两者以上的人或物中各自/各个/每个。each在此处表示“(三次中的)每一次”。
【考例6】(2016天津十二区县一联,5)I thought there would be many people at the show, but when I arrived, I found ????.
A.nobody B. nothing C. no one D. none
【答案】D????
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:我原以为会有很多人观看表演,但是当我到达的时候,我发现一个人都没有。none指在一定的范围内没有一个人或物,符合语境。nothing指没有任何东西;nobody(=no one)指没有人,用于回答who引导的疑问句。
【考例7】(2017·扬、泰、通、淮、宿、徐高三二模)A lot of suggestions were put forward at the meeting，but ________was practical.
A.nothing B. none C. neither D. no one
【答案】B
【解析】考查不定代词。句意：会议上提出了很多建议，但是没有一个符合实际的。none可用来指代前面提到过的三个或三个以上的人或物，表示一个都没有，强调数量，符合语境 。
【方法探究】
词义相近或相关的不定代词往往容易混淆，这样的代词可以对应记忆，
比如both，either，neither；all和none，other，another和each other等。只有对不定代词的含义有了充分了解才能正确做出此类题目。
★知识链接★
几组常用代词的区别
1．many，much；a few，few，a little，little
许多
有一些／点(表肯定)
几乎没有(表否定)
修饰可数名词
many
A few
few
修饰不可数名词
much
A little
little
句
例
Many hands make light work．(人多好干活。)
There isn’t much water left．(没剩下多少水了。)
I have a few friends besides you．(除你之外，我还有几个朋友。)
I have few friends except you．(除了你，我没有什么朋友了。)
There is a little time．Take it easy． (还有点时间，别慌。)
There is little time．Let's hurry．(快没时间了，我们快点。)
2．another，Other，Others，the Other，the Others
形式
区别
-
单数
复数
作定语
作主语或宾语
泛指及
图示
another[(众多中的)另一个]
o → oooooo
↓ ↓
one another
other…
(其他的……)
others(另一些，其他人)
ooo →ooooooo
↓ ↓
some others
特指及
图示
the other[(两者中的)另外一个]
o ●
↓ ↓
one the other(只限两者中使用)
the other．．．
(其余的……)
the others(其余)
ooo→●●●●●
↓ ↓
some the others
注意：1．有the的指在特定范围中的“剩下的全部”，没加the的指不明确范围中的“剩余中的一部分”。例如：
Don't lend the bike to others．
There are 46 students in our class．Twenty are boys。the others are girls．
2．有-s的后面不能再接名词；无s的后面可接名词。例如：
Many people like sports．Some like running，others(=other people)like football．
3．another原为an other的合成词，因而多接单数名词，但也可接“few／数词+复数名词”，表示累加或更换，意思是“又一，再一；别的，另一个的”。例如：
I want another two helpers．我还要两个帮手。(表示“累加”)
I’ll call you another day．我改天再给你打电话。(表示“更换”)
Saying is one thing and doing is another．(说是一回事，做是另一回事。)
4．注意某些固定短语：the other day(几天前)，every other day(隔天)，
one after another(一个接一个地)，on the other side(另一边)。on the other hand(另一方面)，one．．．another…the other(一个，另一个……第三个)
3．both，either，neither，each，all，every，none
both/(n)either
each
all
none
every
表示范围
二者
二者或以上
三者以上
词性
形容词或名词性
名词性
形容词性
修饰名词
(作adj．)
复数
单数
复数／不可数名词
单数
后跟成分
(作adj．)
名、物代、
指代、the
名词
同both
与of短语连
用，指人或物
名词、数词
other等
谓语形式
复数
单数
复数，单数
单数
例如：
A friend to all is a friend to none．(对所有人都友好的人对哪一个也不是朋友。)
If you full after two hares，you will catch neither．(同时追两兔，哪只也抓不到。)
If the blind lead the blind，both shall fall into the ditch．(盲人领盲人，双双掉沟内。)
The college offers both English and French，but my schedule will let me choose either．not both(大学开设英语和法语，但我的时间表只允许我选择一门，而不是两者。)
There are trees on each side of the street．(街道两旁都有树。)
Each of them has his own duty．(他们各人有各人的责任。)
Not every man can do it well．(并不是每个人都能做好这件事。)
4．this，that，it，one，ones，these，those
用 法
i
举例
this
these
指代单数名词；近指，即指较近的人、物、时间；表示要说或做的事情。其复数是these。
All want to say is this：Live and learn
This is Atlanta．She's been ill these days．
that
those
指代单数名词；远指；表示说过或做过的事情。that和被替代的名词并非指同一事 物，而是指同类事物；多用于事物的比较，以免重复。其复数形式是those。
Which poem do you like，this or that?
He had a cold．That's why he didn’t come．
The boys of this group run faster than those of that one．
it
it所替代的事或物，就是前面提到过的同
一个词，此外它还可以代替上文中的某个
句子或一部分。其前不加修饰语。
I consider it advisable to tell her beforehand．
If he really does this，“shows he hasn't mastered it．
one
ones
替代泛指的可数名词，指被替代名词的同
类当中的一个，而不是被替代名词的本
身。它所替代的名词常有a／an +adj．，
the，this，that，any，some等修饰。ones
是one的复数。
I need a car but I've no money to buy one．
There are more ways to the park than one．
The big fish can eat the small ones．
When you make new friends，don't forget the old Ones．
注意：1．any可以用在肯定句，意为‘‘任何的，随便哪一个，往往与单数名词连用。
Any one will do．任何一个都行。Come any day you like．你想哪天来就哪天来。
some可以用在疑问句，意为请求、建议或者希望对方作出肯定回答等。还可以表示不确定的“某
一个”，相当于a certain，修饰单数名词。如：
Would you lend me some money?你能借给我点钱吗?
Why don't you give him some suggestions?为什么不给他提点建议呢?
2．注意下列问题用不定代词的简略回答。
一Who is in the office? 一Nobody／No one．
一What is there in the box? 一Nothing．
一How much water is there in the cup? 一None．
一How many boys are there in the room?一None．
一、选择题（Choose the best answer）
1.（江苏省扬州中学2018届第四次模考22）The thought flashed across my mind: “By some means or______ she has some information about my engagement. But how?”
A. other B. others C. the other D. the others
2.（2018年江苏省南通,徐州等七市五月联考23）—May I speak to Alan, please?
—Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t Alan ______ here.
A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing
3.（南京师范大学附属中学2018届5月模考25）If you see things in a negative light, you will find faults everywhere and problems where there are really ________．
A. none B. some C. many D. nothing
4.（江苏省苏锡常镇四市2018届5月调研21）. —What do you think of Steven Hawking? —Well, despite his disabled body, he was a man of scientific nature, worthy of admiration.
A. one B. who C. that D. this
5.（北京市精华学校2018年高三考前测试6）I wanted to give you some bread, but ________ was left.
A. neither B. nothing C. none D. no one
6.（北京中国人民大学附属中学2018届高三考前热身1） To his delight, Tom quickly earned the trust of his boss and then of his colleagues.
A. one B. ones C. that D. those
7.（天津市耀华中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考4）
--- I’ve read another book this week.
---Well, maybe ________ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.
A. this B. that C. there D. it
8.(2018·河南南阳模拟)________ is very common for students to be physically present in class, but mentally absent because they are using their mobiles.
A．As B. That C. It D. There
【答案】C
9. (2018·安徽皖南八校联考)From the bottom of our hearts, do we sincerely treat ________ equally?
A．them B. it C. those D. that
10. (2018·宁夏大学附中模拟)After the 1960s, he devoted ________ (him) to Blues and Jazz.
A. him B. he C. himself D. it
二、句型训练（Choose the right words in brackets）
1．Once there lived a rich man who wanted to do ________ for the people of his town.
2．I was blessed with a happy childhood, ________ that most people would want to have.
3．All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove ________.
4． ________ changed colour，one white，the other red.
5．Nowadays，school violence is a hot issue. I think this is a phenomenon，________ calling for our great concern.
6．At the end of the five minutes，no one could find ________(they)own balloon.
7．Dasiree's paintings catch your eyes immediately，and then your eyes lock on ________.
8．She must be shy.You may be shy ________(you)．
9．We valued every chance we could to keep ________(we)both on the right track.
10.—How do you find your new classmate?
—Oh, she is really ________ of a musician, who can not only sing very beautifully, but also compose skillfully.
11. The pronunciation of the speakers living in London is judged to be more native than ________ of the speakers from Liverpool.
12. Equipped with modern facilities, today's hospitals are quite different from ________ of the past.
三、三、完形填空（云南省昆明市2019届高三摸底调研测试）You may always hear about people who knew exactly what they wanted to do with their life from the time they were in kindergarten．I hadn’t considered lots of career___1___when I graduated from high school．Like most students who earn good grades in math and science classes，I found people___2___me to be an engineer．But all of that changed when I went to my___3___．
I will never forget the feeling of walking into my very frrst Biology___4___．I nervously found a seat and waited for the type of___5___you see in TV shows，old and strict．What I got was exactly___6___．Dr．Espinoza was a caring and___7___teacher，and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology．Her exciting classes made me___8___that I had other choices besides being a（n）___9___．It meant I was headed for a career in biological research．
___10___Dr．Espinoza and many other professors like her，I found that scientists aren’t just what you___11___on the National Geographic channel．They are real people who answer real questions and___12___real problems．This led me to seek out___13___to do real science projects and see if I___14___it．While I was at university，I learned how to ask good questions，how to___15___experiments and collect data，and how to share what I learned with people．As it___16___I loved every minute of it．
Falling in love with___17___was a long process for me，but it led me to a job I love．Like the science itself，my journey toward being a scientist was___18___，but helped along by many teachers and professors who___19___me the way．Now，I try my best to learn new things and___20___new knowledge．
四、（安徽省合肥市2019届高三上学期调研性检测）Classical Chinese garden design aims to create a natural landscape on a small scale and emphasize the perfect harmony between man and nature.
A Chinese garden ____1____(be) like a scroll（卷轴）painting, ____2____(show) a series of carefully composed scenes. New views are revealed as one walks along the pathways. In the gardens, ____3____ most frequently meets the eye is winding paths that seemingly lead to nowhere. There, a path seems to end, but all of ____4____ sudden, a new world is rolled out before you: pavilions（亭子）, rock formations, spring waters—all combined to provide a pleasant surprise! At the ____5____(enter) to a Chinese garden, there is usually a huge stone or wall ____6____(use) to screen your view so as to later produce unimaginable delight when you turn around the wall. A Chinese garden may have windows on all ____7____(it) four walls. And it is ____8____(interest) that, through the windows, visitors may see different views at different angles, and thus the composition of the garden becomes enlarged.
A Chinese garden is where culture is both created and enjoyed. All plants mark the shift of the ____9____(season). Similarly, water, a symbol of the ever-changing, ____10____ rocks, a symbol of the eternal（水恒的）, create a harmonious balance of nature's yin and yang.
专题三 代词（解析版）
代词种类繁多，按照其不同的含义和作用代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用，在各地历年的高考题中都有体现。代词的种类和变化错综复杂，尤其是词义相近或相关的不定代词，在实际应用中往往容易混淆。因此，特别要注意结合具体语言环境区分各类代词的不同用法。
那么关于代词的考查题目主要集中在：(1)代词it的用法；(2)不定代词one的用法；(3)指示代词that的用法；(4)不定代词在具体语境中的区别。
考查人称代词
【考例1】.(2018天津春,2)Professional skills are tools like a knife or a hammer. You need ????to complete the things you want to do.
it B. that C. them D. ones
?【答案】C
【解析】句意:专业技能像刀子和锤子一样是工具。你需要它们来完成你想做的事情。考 查代词。it特指同类同物,用于指代可数名词单数或不可数名词;that同类不同物,特指可数名 词单数或不可数名词;them特指,用于指代可数名词的复数;ones泛指可数名词的复数形式。此处指代可数名词复数“tools”且作宾语,故用them。
【考例2】(2018江苏南京三模,24)We come from different cultures, and carry with ???? different histories.
it B. that C. us D. them
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定搭配。 句意:我们来自不同的文化,身上承载着不同的历史。理顺后半句语序and carry different histories with ????,即可得知,设空处在此处作介词宾语,故需用人称代词we的宾格形式, 故答案选C。 。
【方法探究】分析句子，确定缺少的成分。人称代词的主格和宾格在句中充当的成分。
★知识链接★
一、人称代词的主要用法
主语
用主格形式
I think foreign languages are difficult as science subjects.我认为外语和其他自然学科一样难。
宾格
用宾格形式
Uncle Wang was waiting for them outside the factory gate.王大叔正在工厂门口等着他们。
表语
代指主语用主格
I thought it must be she.（我想肯定是她。）
Was it he who phoned？（是他打的电话吗？）
代指宾语用宾格
It was him that we saw just now.（我们看到的就是他。）
I believe the writer to be her.（我看作者是他。）
注意：在并列主语中，出于礼貌的缘故，习惯上是第二、第三人称代词居前，第一人称居后的顺序排列，即常按you，he and I排列。例如：
Pierre and I did have a very good time at the ball.皮埃尔和我在舞会上过得非常愉快。
但在承认错误或承担责任时，英语往往是把 “I” 放在其他人的前面以示勇于认错。例如：
I and Mr. White are to blame.我和怀特先生都应当负责。
I and my brother made the mistakes.我和我兄弟犯了这个错误。
she、 they 可用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等：
China will always do what she has promised to do.中国是说话算数的。
人称代词用法口诀?
人称代词主宾格，作用不同莫用错。?
主格动词前做主，动词介词后宾格。?
You和it主宾同，其他主宾须分清。?
人称代词并列现，尊重他人礼当先。?
单数人称二三一，复数人称一二三。?
若把错误责任担，第一人称我靠前。
二、物主代词的主要用法
类别
句子成分
例句
形容词性物主代词
形容词性的物主代词用来修饰名词作定语
Will you please show me his mobile phone?
Let the past bury its dead.（让过去永远埋葬。）
名词性的物主代词
主语
Ours is the best team in the league.我们队在联赛中是最强的队。（作主语）
宾语
I do my work and the others do theirs.我干我的工作其他人干他们自己的工作。
表语
Look at that book on the desk. May be it's yours.看桌子上的那本书，可能是你的。（作表语）
注意：物主代词巧记口诀：
物主代词分两形，一形二名要记清；
名词要作主表宾，形容词性只作定；
名词性词尾“s”型，除了我的属特型。
三、反身代词的主要用法
表示“我（们）自己，你（们）自己，她、它、他（们）自己”的代词叫反身代词。
单数
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
反身代词的句法功能
句法功能
宾
语
动词后
I’m teaching myself English.我正在自学英语。
介词后
Jim, you must look after yourself and keep healthy.吉姆你得照顾好你自己并保持健康。
同
位
语
主语的
The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。
宾语的
Choosing the right one is a difficult job in itself.选择合适的职业本身就是一件困难的工作。
表语
I haven't been myself since the accident.自从那次事故以来，我的情绪一直不好。
并列主语
My father and myself walked back home that evening.那天晚上我和爸爸步行回家。
与某些介词或动词构成短语
by oneself= alone 独自 for oneself独立、为自己 enjoy oneself玩得愉快
seat oneself坐下 come to oneself苏醒
help oneself to 自行取用、不用客气 make oneself at home 不要客气
注意：反身代词巧记口诀
反身代词莫乱用，句中常作宾表同；
定语成分不能用，固定搭配须记清。
二、代词it的用法
【考例1】(2018天津南开区一模,6)The new online library makes ????possible for students to choose books by smartphone off campus.
it B. one C. that D. this
?【答案】A
【解析】考查代词。句意:新的网上图书馆使学生在校园外也能通过智能手机选择书籍。 固定句型make+it+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.意为“使做……对某人来说……”,其中it为形式宾语, 真正的宾语为不定式短语。one泛指可数名词单数;that特指前面的可数名词单数或不可数名 词;this表近指,“这个”。故答案选A。
【考例2】(2018天津部分区高三质量调查二,1)I like ????when my classmates and I go to a karaoke bar and sing together crazily.
this B. one C. that D. it
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词。句意:我喜欢和同学们去卡拉OK酒吧,一起疯狂地唱歌。固定句型:I like/hate it+when...,其中it为形式宾语,真正的宾语是when引导的从句。故答案选D。
【考例3】(2017天津十二所重点中学一模,8)You look very beautiful in this dress and there is only one of this kind left here. I wonder if you would buy ????.
one B. it C. some D. any
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词。句意:你穿这件连衣裙很漂亮,这儿只有一件这样的了。我不知道你是否会买它。此处特指上句中提到的那件连衣裙,应用it。故答案选B。
【考例4】(2017·连云港、宿迁、徐州高三三模)—What's wrong with him? He seemed upset.
—He had to give up his drawing，not because he wanted _____ that way but because he had to be.
A．this B. one C. it D. such
【答案】C
【解析】考查代词。句意：——他怎么了？看起来有点不开心。——他不得不放弃绘画，不是因为他自己想要放弃而是现实逼得他不得不放弃。it指代前面的放弃绘画。故答案选C。
【考例5】(2016浙江杭州学军中学五月模拟,12)She hurried and made ????home just in time to see her son before he went to bed.
herself B. this C. that D. it
【答案】?D
【解析】考查代词。句意:她匆忙回家刚好赶在儿子睡觉前看到他。make it(尤指在困难情 况下)准时到达。故答案选D。
【方法探究】it除了可以在主语从句和宾语从句中充当形式主语和形式宾语外，还可以替代不定式和动名词作形式主语和宾语。这就要求能够正确分析句子成分，把握it所在位置的功能，判断出it所作的成分。
★知识链接★
①it用来替代前面提到的同一事物时，被替代的名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，要摈除认为it只能代替可数名词的误解。例如：
Have you still kept your old furniture?
一No，I have sold it．(it替代不可数名词furniture)
②it可以替代英语句式中的不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句，在句中作形式主语或形式宾语。例如：
I think it is no good parents doing anything for their children．(it替代动名词的复合结构parents doing anything for their children．)。
③it可以替代前面的某一名词或整个句子的内容，这时可用that替换，也可以改为非限制性定语从句。例如：
He said he had never met her，and it is not true．(it替代前面整个句子He said．“)；
有时it可以前置替代，用以代替后面整个句子的内容，这时不可用that替换。例如：
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full．(it代替后面整个句子when people talk with．”)。
④it指代天气、环境、时间、季节、金钱和距离等。例如：
It was very noise(quiet)at the very moment．中it指代的就是环境，而It is a long way to the schoo1．中it指代的就是距离。
⑤it用在以下几个特殊结构中：
It is time for sb．to do sth．；
It is(high)time that sb．did／should do sth(虚拟语气)；
It is +strange／necessary…+that + sb．(do) sth.(虚拟语气)；
It is no use／good +doing sth．；
It is+被强调部分+that／who+…；
It is／was+时间+since,”；
It is／was the first／second／third time that sb(have／had done sth；
it takes sb．some time to do sth．；
It is up to sb．to do sth．。这些句式在结构上和时态上要灵活把握。
⑥用于情景对话中笼统地谈论某种情况。
例如：I can't make it.我也没办法。
代词it用法巧记口诀
代词it本领大，即可指这又指那；
时间天气均可指，谈到距离也用它；
形主形宾均可做，强调句型紧跟that。
考查不定代词one的用法
【考例1】(2018天津河东区一模,5) ???? who are able to work through the struggle are the ???? who are going to be successful.
A．Someone; one B. Anyone; one C. He; ones D. Those; ones
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词。句意:那些能够克服困难的人是将来会成功的人。句中缺少定语从句 的先行词,根据句中定语从句中的动词are可知,先行词用复数,故选D。
【考例2】(2018第三次全国大联考江苏卷,30)Though a farmer, Zhu Zhiwen has become a huge success as a singer, whose story is really ???? of great inspiration.
A.everything B.nothing C.the one D.one
?【答案】D
【解析】考查不定代词。句意:朱之文虽然是一位农民,但作为一名歌手却取得了巨大的成功。他的故事确实非常鼓舞人心。此处one=a story,表泛指。
【考例3】(2018天津滨海新区七所重点学校毕业联考,23)“Made in China 2025” aims to transform China from a product-making factory into a product-making power, ????driven by innovation and emphasizing quality over quantity.
A. the one that B. one that C. one D. the one
【答案】C
【解析】考查不定代词作同位语。句意:《中国制造2025》旨在将中国从一个制造工厂转变为一个由创新驱动、重质量而非数量的制造强国。此处用代词one作同位语,替代名词短语a product-making power。本题易认为that引导定语从句修饰one而错选B。
【考例4】(2018江苏苏锡常镇四市二模,21)—What do you think of Steven Hawking?
—Well, despite his disabled body, he was a man of scientific nature, ????worthy of admiration.
A.one B.who C.that D.this
【答案】A
【解析】考查不定代词作同位语。句意:——你怎么评价斯蒂芬·霍金?——尽管他身体残疾,但他是一个具有科学天赋的人,值得敬佩。one指代前面所述的a man of scientific nature,在句中作同位语。若选who则要构成非限制性定语从句,设空处后缺少谓语。
【考例5】(2017天津南开区三模,5)A variety of solutions have been provided for us to solve the problem. We can choose ????to start with.
A．it B. that C. each D. one
【答案】D
【解析】考查不定代词。句意:这个问题的各种解决方案已经提供给我们了。我们可以选择其中一种开始。此处one=a solution,表示泛指。
【方法探究】做此类型的题关键在于能够准确判断出所要指代的词是泛指还是特指，如果是泛指可数名词单数，就可以考虑one如果是复数名词，就可考虑ones，如果是特指，则要用that，those或the one， the ones 来替代。
★知识链接★
①one替代由可数名词所表示的一类人或事物中的任何一个，即泛指中的强调。这时，替代词one前面不可加任何限定词。例如：
I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have one。
②one在定语从句中作先行词替代特指的同一类人或事物时，其前面必须用定冠词the来限定，但不可用that替换。如果先行词为“one of…”，其关系代词在定语从句中作主语，从句中的谓语动词常用复数形式。例如：
This is one of the highest buildings that have been built in our city recently.
反之，如果在one前面加修饰语，则从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
He is the only one of t11e students who has worked out the problem.
③one的复数形式为ones，作替代词时，只可替代同一类人或事物的复数名词，其前面必须有限定词，如the，my，all等修饰。但不能用数词或many修饰。例如：
Mr．Zhang gave the textbooks to the pupils except the ones who had already taken them．(句中the ones可用those替代)
三、考查指示代词that的用法
【考例1】(2017·盐城市高三三模)A young person is said to have behavior disorder when his or her behavior is noticeably different from________ expected in the school or community.
A．one B．ones C．that D．those
【答案】C
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意：当一个年轻人的行为明显不同于学校或社会期望的行为时，他(她)就被认为有行为障碍。空处替代the behavior，表示特指，故用that。
【考例2】(2016·浙江高考卷)In many ways，the education system in the US is not very different from ________in the UK.
A．that B．this C．one D．it
【答案】A
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系与英国的并没有很大的不同。A项that代替前面的the education system，符合句意。this这个；one泛指上文提到过的同类事物中的一个；it指代上文提到过的同一事物。
【考例3】(2016北京海淀区二模,23)People expect Shanghai Disneyland Park to offer better service than ???? of Tokyo’s.
A．this B. it C. one D. that
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意:人们期望上海迪士尼乐园提供比东京迪士尼乐园更好的服务。 that=the service。
【考例4】(2017·扬州高三一模)The volunteers provided the lonely elders each with an overcoat，________ could help them keep warm through the winter.
A．one B．that C．it D．one that
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词的辨析。句意：志愿者给那些孤独的老人每人提供了一件大衣，一件能够帮助他们保暖过冬的大衣。one用于泛指前面提到过的可数名词，相当于“a/an＋名词”；that特指前面提到的名词，that和被指代的名词并非指同一事物，而是同类事物；it指前面提到过的同一个事物，相当于“the＋名词”。根据语境，此处应用one指代an overcoat，且此处one作an overcoat的同位语，后面的that引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，that不可以省略。
【方法探究】
此类型题的突破点在于明确that所能指代的成分，that所指代的名词既可以是可
数名词又可以是不可数名词，并且前后一般存在相互比较或对照的因素，在比较状语than
后更常用。
★知识链接★
①that用来替代前面提到的特指的事物，所代替的名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数
名词。代替可数名词可以用the one替换。但其前面不可用任何限定词修饰。例如：
The Population Of China is larger than that of Japan(that代替不可数名词population，不可用
the one替换)。／The head teacher in your class is younger and more active than that in
theirs．(that代替可数名词head teacher，可用the one替换)
②that在并列分句中可以替代前面某一个名词或整个句子的内容，这时可用it替换，也可改
为非限制性定语从句。例如：
She heard a terrible noise，and that brought her heart into her mouth．(that替代前面的名词noise，也可用it来替换)
③that在定语从句中可作关系代词，代替某个先行词(人或物)。例如：
The lady that came to our class is from Austrian(that指代先行词lady，也可用who来替换)
④that的复数形式为those，只可替代可教名词复数，在句中相当于the ones。例如：
The nights there in summer are shorter than those in winter．(those替代nights，可用the ones替换)
四、复合不定代词在具体语境中的区别。
【考例1】(2018天津河西区三模,2)If you want to change for a double room, you’ll have to pay ????$25.
A.other B. more C. another D. each
【答案】?C
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:如果你想换一个双人间,你得再付25美元。another“(同类的)另一, 又一”符合语境。other其他的,其余的;more更多;each每个,各自。
【考例2】(2018江苏南京、盐城二模,24)—Metteo’s new album Panama has turned out to be a hit.
—Oh, he is really ????of a lucky dog.
A.nothing B. anything C. everything D. something
【答案】D
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:——Metteo的新专辑《巴拿马》大获成功。——哦,他真的可以说是个幸运儿。something of a...为固定结构,意为“可以说是一个……”。
【考例3】(2018江苏高三压轴冲刺卷,30)Any writer, if concerned with ????but what the critics think of his book, will find it a struggle to put a single word down on the paper.
A.anything B. nothing C. something D. everything
【答案】?B
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:任何一位作家,如果只关注评论家们对他的书的看法的话,那他就会发现很难在纸上写出一个字。nothing but=only只是,仅仅。
【考例4】(2018天津红桥区二模,2)—Did you have any trouble with the western customs?
— ????to speak of.
A.None B. Anything C. Nobody D. No one
【答案】A
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:——你对西方风俗习惯有什么不了解的地方吗?——很少。none/nothing to speak of很少,不值一提。
【考例5】(2018北京海淀区一模,1)The course is designed to help students learn to show respect for ?????.
A.others B. both C. those D. either
【答案】??A
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:设置这门课程是为了帮助学生学会尊重他人。 根据句意“帮助学生学会尊重他人(other people)”,故此处填others (其他人)。both两者都;those那些;either两者中的任何一个。
【考例6】(2018北京朝阳区一模,3)The meal itself was not so good— ???? was boringly brown including vegetables.
A.nothing B. everything C. anything D. something
【答案】B
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:这顿饭本身不是很好——包括蔬菜在内的所有东西都是棕色的,令人生厌。everything每件事,所有事物,一切;nothing没有事,没有一件东西;anything 任何事物/东西;something某事/物。根据句意可知,包括蔬菜在内的每样东西都是棕色的,故选B。
【考例7】(2018天津南开区三模,2)—The little boat is ????safe. Don’t you think so, Mike?
—No worries! I’ve been on this boat dozens of times.
A. something but B. nothing but C. anything but D. everything but
【答案】?C
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:——这条小船一点也不安全。难道你不这么认为吗,迈克?——没问题。我已经乘坐过这条船很多次了。anything but“绝不,根本不”符合语境。nothing but仅仅,只有,只不过。
【方法探究】常用不定代词有: some(something，somebody，someone)，any(anything，anybody，anyone)， no( nothing，nobody，no?one)， every( everything，everybody，everyone，)一般用于肯定句中的不定代词: some, someone, somebody, something；一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中的不定代词:any, anyone, anybody, anything?；一般用于句中表示否定意义的不定代词:no, no?one, nobody, nothing。句意是关键。
★知识链接★
1.由some，any，no，every加上-body，-one，-thing构成的不定代词，叫复合不定代词。
some构成的不定代词一般用于肯定句，意为“某人或某物，重要的人或事”。
You can ask anyone for help. Everyone here is willing to lend you a hand.
你可以向任何人求助，这里的每一个人都愿意帮助你。
2．any构成的不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中，意为“随便某个人或物，无论什么人或物，什么人或物都可以”。
Does anybody else want to go? 还有人想去吗？
3．no构成的不定代词意为“没什么人或物”。
—One week’s time has been wasted.
—I can’t believe we did all that work for nothing.
我简直不敢相信我们所做的一切都是徒劳的。
Nobody can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn't love it.
没有人能40年来做好某件事，如果他不喜欢的话。
4．every构成的不定代词意为“一切人或物，每个人或物”。everything还可表示“最重要的人或物”。如：
Good families are much to all their members, but everything to none.
优秀的的家庭对她们的成员来说意味着很多， 但并不是一切。
【考例1】(2018江苏苏北四市高三一调,30)During the Singles’Day in 2017, the sales of Chinese ecommerce giants such as Alibaba outnumbered ????of Black Friday and Cyber Monday in the US.
A. that B. those C. this D. it
【答案】???B
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:在2017年“双十一”,阿里巴巴等中国电子商务巨头的销售额超过了美国的黑色星期五和网络星期一。设空处替代前面的the sales,故选B。
【考例2】(2017天津南开区二模,12)How could they reach an agreement? Some said one thing, but others__________.
A.other B. another C. the other D. others
【答案】??B
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:他们怎么能达成一致意见呢?一些人说的是一件事,但其他人说的是另一件事。one thing与another对应。
【考例3】(2017北京海淀区二模,23)—Do you have ???ready for the spring outing?
—No, I still have to buy some fruit.
A.everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
【答案】?A
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:——你准备好春游的一切了吗?——没有,我还得买些水果。 由答句“没有,我还得买些水果”可知,问的是“有没有做好一切准备”,故选everything。
【考例4】(2017北京海淀区一模,21)—What do you think of the two designs?
—Frankly, I like ???? of them. Please show me a third one.
A.any B. either C. neither D. both
【答案】?C
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:——你觉得这两个设计怎么样?——说实话,两个我都不喜欢。请给我看看其他的吧。由答语中show me a third one可知,对两个设计都不满意,故选neither(两者都不)。any三者或三者以上中任何一个;either两者中的任何一个;both两者都。
【考例5】(2016天津武清区三调,5)The supermarket has been broken into three times in the last two years, ????resulting in their great loss.
A.each B. every C. any D. either
【答案】A
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:在过去的两年里,这家超市遭窃了三次,每次都造成了巨大的损失。 each指两者或两者以上的人或物中各自/各个/每个。each在此处表示“(三次中的)每一次”。
【考例6】(2016天津十二区县一联,5)I thought there would be many people at the show, but when I arrived, I found ????.
A.nobody B. nothing C. no one D. none
【答案】D????
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意:我原以为会有很多人观看表演,但是当我到达的时候,我发现一个人都没有。none指在一定的范围内没有一个人或物,符合语境。nothing指没有任何东西;nobody(=no one)指没有人,用于回答who引导的疑问句。
【考例7】(2017·扬、泰、通、淮、宿、徐高三二模)A lot of suggestions were put forward at the meeting，but ________was practical.
A.nothing B. none C. neither D. no one
【答案】B
【解析】考查不定代词。句意：会议上提出了很多建议，但是没有一个符合实际的。none可用来指代前面提到过的三个或三个以上的人或物，表示一个都没有，强调数量，符合语境 。
【方法探究】
词义相近或相关的不定代词往往容易混淆，这样的代词可以对应记忆，
比如both，either，neither；all和none，other，another和each other等。只有对不定代词的含义有了充分了解才能正确做出此类题目。
★知识链接★
几组常用代词的区别
1．many，much；a few，few，a little，little
许多
有一些／点(表肯定)
几乎没有(表否定)
修饰可数名词
many
A few
few
修饰不可数名词
much
A little
little
句
例
Many hands make light work．(人多好干活。)
There isn’t much water left．(没剩下多少水了。)
I have a few friends besides you．(除你之外，我还有几个朋友。)
I have few friends except you．(除了你，我没有什么朋友了。)
There is a little time．Take it easy． (还有点时间，别慌。)
There is little time．Let's hurry．(快没时间了，我们快点。)
2．another，Other，Others，the Other，the Others
形式
区别
-
单数
复数
作定语
作主语或宾语
泛指及
图示
another[(众多中的)另一个]
o → oooooo
↓ ↓
one another
other…
(其他的……)
others(另一些，其他人)
ooo →ooooooo
↓ ↓
some others
特指及
图示
the other[(两者中的)另外一个]
o ●
↓ ↓
one the other(只限两者中使用)
the other．．．
(其余的……)
the others(其余)
ooo→●●●●●
↓ ↓
some the others
注意：1．有the的指在特定范围中的“剩下的全部”，没加the的指不明确范围中的“剩余中的一部分”。例如：
Don't lend the bike to others．
There are 46 students in our class．Twenty are boys。the others are girls．
2．有-s的后面不能再接名词；无s的后面可接名词。例如：
Many people like sports．Some like running，others(=other people)like football．
3．another原为an other的合成词，因而多接单数名词，但也可接“few／数词+复数名词”，表示累加或更换，意思是“又一，再一；别的，另一个的”。例如：
I want another two helpers．我还要两个帮手。(表示“累加”)
I’ll call you another day．我改天再给你打电话。(表示“更换”)
Saying is one thing and doing is another．(说是一回事，做是另一回事。)
4．注意某些固定短语：the other day(几天前)，every other day(隔天)，
one after another(一个接一个地)，on the other side(另一边)。on the other hand(另一方面)，one．．．another…the other(一个，另一个……第三个)
3．both，either，neither，each，all，every，none
both/(n)either
each
all
none
every
表示范围
二者
二者或以上
三者以上
词性
形容词或名词性
名词性
形容词性
修饰名词
(作adj．)
复数
单数
复数／不可数名词
单数
后跟成分
(作adj．)
名、物代、
指代、the
名词
同both
与of短语连
用，指人或物
名词、数词
other等
谓语形式
复数
单数
复数，单数
单数
例如：
A friend to all is a friend to none．(对所有人都友好的人对哪一个也不是朋友。)
If you full after two hares，you will catch neither．(同时追两兔，哪只也抓不到。)
If the blind lead the blind，both shall fall into the ditch．(盲人领盲人，双双掉沟内。)
The college offers both English and French，but my schedule will let me choose either．not both(大学开设英语和法语，但我的时间表只允许我选择一门，而不是两者。)
There are trees on each side of the street．(街道两旁都有树。)
Each of them has his own duty．(他们各人有各人的责任。)
Not every man can do it well．(并不是每个人都能做好这件事。)
4．this，that，it，one，ones，these，those
用 法
i
举例
this
these
指代单数名词；近指，即指较近的人、物、时间；表示要说或做的事情。其复数是these。
All want to say is this：Live and learn
This is Atlanta．She's been ill these days．
that
those
指代单数名词；远指；表示说过或做过的事情。that和被替代的名词并非指同一事 物，而是指同类事物；多用于事物的比较，以免重复。其复数形式是those。
Which poem do you like，this or that?
He had a cold．That's why he didn’t come．
The boys of this group run faster than those of that one．
it
it所替代的事或物，就是前面提到过的同
一个词，此外它还可以代替上文中的某个
句子或一部分。其前不加修饰语。
I consider it advisable to tell her beforehand．
If he really does this，“shows he hasn't mastered it．
one
ones
替代泛指的可数名词，指被替代名词的同
类当中的一个，而不是被替代名词的本
身。它所替代的名词常有a／an +adj．，
the，this，that，any，some等修饰。ones
是one的复数。
I need a car but I've no money to buy one．
There are more ways to the park than one．
The big fish can eat the small ones．
When you make new friends，don't forget the old Ones．
注意：1．any可以用在肯定句，意为‘‘任何的，随便哪一个，往往与单数名词连用。
Any one will do．任何一个都行。Come any day you like．你想哪天来就哪天来。
some可以用在疑问句，意为请求、建议或者希望对方作出肯定回答等。还可以表示不确定的“某
一个”，相当于a certain，修饰单数名词。如：
Would you lend me some money?你能借给我点钱吗?
Why don't you give him some suggestions?为什么不给他提点建议呢?
2．注意下列问题用不定代词的简略回答。
一Who is in the office? 一Nobody／No one．
一What is there in the box? 一Nothing．
一How much water is there in the cup? 一None．
一How many boys are there in the room?一None．
一、选择题（Choose the best answer）
1.（江苏省扬州中学2018届第四次模考22）The thought flashed across my mind: “By some means or______ she has some information about my engagement. But how?”
A. other B. others C. the other D. the others
【答案】A
【解析】考查不定代词。句意为：这个想法在我脑海闪现：通过某种方式她得到了关于我订婚的信息，但是到底是怎么得到的呢？注意固定搭配：some + n单数 + or + other表未知或未确指的人/事物.E.g. She won a competition in some newspaper or other.她在某报举办的竞赛中得了奖。
2.（2018年江苏省南通,徐州等七市五月联考23）—May I speak to Alan, please?
—Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t Alan ______ here.
A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定搭配。There isn’t …… something here，这里没有……。故选A。
3.（南京师范大学附属中学2018届5月模考25）If you see things in a negative light, you will find faults everywhere and problems where there are really ________．
A. none B. some C. many D. nothing
【答案】A
【解析】考查不定代词。根据句意：如果你以一种悲观的方式去看待事物的话，你会发现到处都是错误和问题，而实际却没有。none可以代替前文提及的事物，所以选A代替faults and problems。
4.（江苏省苏锡常镇四市2018届5月调研21）. —What do you think of Steven Hawking? —Well, despite his disabled body, he was a man of scientific nature, worthy of admiration.
A. one B. who C. that D. this
【答案】A
【解析】考查代词。One指代前面所述的a man of scientific nature，若选that或者who则要构成从句，空格后缺少谓语，故不成立，选A。
5.（北京市精华学校2018年高三考前测试6）I wanted to give you some bread, but ________ was left.
A. neither B. nothing C. none D. no one
【答案】C
【解析】考查不定代词。句意：我想给你一些面包，但是没有剩下。neither表两者都不，nothing表示什么东西也没有，none可以指没有一个(事物)，也可指没有一个人。no one只能指没有一个人，故选C。
6.（北京中国人民大学附属中学2018届高三考前热身1） To his delight, Tom quickly earned the trust of his boss and then of his colleagues.
A. one B. ones C. that D. those
【答案】C
【解析】考查代词。句意：让他高兴的是，汤姆很快就获得了女朋友的信任，然后是她父母的信任。根据句意可知此处指代名词不可数名词trust，用that。故选C。
7.（天津市耀华中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考4）
--- I’ve read another book this week.
---Well, maybe ________ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.
A. this B. that C. there D. it
【答案】D
【解析】考查代词。句意为：——这一周我又读了一本书。——或许,重要的不是读了多少内容,而是读了什么内容。这是强调句型.强调句的基本结构为：It is/was + 被强调部分（通常为主语、宾语或状语）+ that + 其它部分。（当强调主语且主语指人时,可用who代替that）
8.(2018·河南南阳模拟)________ is very common for students to be physically present in class, but mentally absent because they are using their mobiles.
A．As B. That C. It D. There
【答案】C
【解析】考查It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.为固定句型，意为“对某人来说，做某事是……”。其中It是形式主语，后面的不定式为真正的主语。句意：对于学生来说，他们人在教室却心不在焉的情况非常普遍，因为他们在玩手机。故选C。
9. (2018·安徽皖南八校联考)From the bottom of our hearts, do we sincerely treat ________ equally?
A．them B. it C. those D. that
【答案】A
【解析】考查代词的用法。句意：从心底里，我们真的平等对待他们吗? treat后面是宾语，用人称代词宾格，故答案选A。
10. (2018·宁夏大学附中模拟)After the 1960s, he devoted ________ (him) to Blues and Jazz.
A. him B. he C. himself D. it
【答案】C
【解析】考查代词的用法。句意：20世纪60年代之后，他致力于布鲁斯和爵士乐。devote oneself to (doing) sth.意为“致力于(做)某事”。故答案选C。
二、句型训练（Choose the right words in brackets）
1．Once there lived a rich man who wanted to do ________ for the people of his town.
【答案】something
【解析】句意：城里曾经有个想为市民做些事情的富翁。结合句意可知，此处表示想要为人们做某事，故填something。
2．I was blessed with a happy childhood, ________ that most people would want to have.
【答案】one
【解析】句意：我非常幸运地拥有一个幸福的童年，一段大多数人都希望拥有的美好时光。空格前为逗号，分析结构可知逗号前的部分是句子的主句，空格后的“that most people would want to have”是定语从句，修饰所填词，能跟定语从句的只有名词和代词；根据句意，所填词作“a happy childhood”的同位语，表示泛指概念，故填one。
3．All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove ________.
【答案】it
【解析】句意：他们都抱怨那块大石头但都不去将它搬开。根据句子意思可知，此处指前面提及的那块大石头，故用it。
4． ________ changed colour，one white，the other red.
【答案】Both
【解析】句意：两人的脸色都变了，一个的脸白了，另一人的脸红了。根据后面的one white，the other可知，此处指两个人，应填both。
5．Nowadays，school violence is a hot issue. I think this is a phenomenon，________ calling for our great concern.
【答案】something
【解析】句意：目前，学校暴力是个热点问题。我认为这是一个现象，需要极大的关注。从句子结构分析可以看出，空格后面的内容对phenomenon进行了解释说明，故用something作phenomenon的同位语。
6．At the end of the five minutes，no one could find ________(they)own balloon.
【答案】their
【解析】句意：五分钟结束时，没有人能够找到自己的气球。与起强调作用的own一起作名词balloon的定语， one's own“某人自己的”。
7．Dasiree's paintings catch your eyes immediately，and then your eyes lock on ________.
【答案】them
【解析】句意：德西里的画立刻吸引了你们的视线，然后你们的视线就锁定了这些画。介词on的宾语指的是前面提到的paintings，故用them代替。
8．She must be shy.You may be shy ________(you)．
【答案】yourself
【解析】句意：她一定很害羞，你自己可能也会害羞。反身代词在句中起强调作用。
9．We valued every chance we could to keep ________(we)both on the right track.
【答案】us
【解析】句意：我们珍惜每一次我们两人能够在正轨上的机会。作动词keep的宾语，指人，所以用人称代词宾格。
10.—How do you find your new classmate?
—Oh, she is really ________ of a musician, who can not only sing very beautifully, but also compose skillfully.
【答案】something
【解析】句意：她真的有点像音乐家，她不仅唱得好而且作曲也很好。something of “有点，有几分，有点像”。
11. The pronunciation of the speakers living in London is judged to be more native than ________ of the speakers from Liverpool.
【答案】that
【解析】句意：住在伦敦的说话者的发音比那些来自利物浦的说话者的发音被认为更具有本地性。that可代替前文提到的“the＋名词”，在本题中that代替the pronunciation以避免前后重复。
12. Equipped with modern facilities, today's hospitals are quite different from ________ of the past.
【答案】those
【解析】句意：由于配备了先进的设备，当今的医院与过去的医院完全不同了。those在此处为替代词，代替特指的复数名词today's hospitals以避免重复。
三、完形填空（云南省昆明市2019届高三摸底调研测试）You may always hear about people who knew exactly what they wanted to do with their life from the time they were in kindergarten．I hadn’t considered lots of career___1___when I graduated from high school．Like most students who earn good grades in math and science classes，I found people___2___me to be an engineer．But all of that changed when I went to my___3___．
I will never forget the feeling of walking into my very frrst Biology___4___．I nervously found a seat and waited for the type of___5___you see in TV shows，old and strict．What I got was exactly___6___．Dr．Espinoza was a caring and___7___teacher，and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology．Her exciting classes made me___8___that I had other choices besides being a（n）___9___．It meant I was headed for a career in biological research．
___10___Dr．Espinoza and many other professors like her，I found that scientists aren’t just what you___11___on the National Geographic channel．They are real people who answer real questions and___12___real problems．This led me to seek out___13___to do real science projects and see if I___14___it．While I was at university，I learned how to ask good questions，how to___15___experiments and collect data，and how to share what I learned with people．As it___16___I loved every minute of it．
Falling in love with___17___was a long process for me，but it led me to a job I love．Like the science itself，my journey toward being a scientist was___18___，but helped along by many teachers and professors who___19___me the way．Now，I try my best to learn new things and___20___new knowledge．
1. A. development B. difficulty C. choices D. requirements
2. A. appointing B. forcing C. allowing D. encouraging
3. A. university B. office C. room D. lab
4. A. experiment B. lecture C. test D. teamwork
5. A. agent B. volunteer C. host D. professor
6. A. opposite B. traditional C. typical D. similar
7. A. average B. casual C. enthusiastic D. severe
8. A. realize B. regret C. refuse D. recall
9. A. lawyer B. educator C. scholar D. engineer
10. A. As to B. Due to C. On behalf of D. In spite of
11. A. take care of B. make fun of C. learn about D. search for
12. A. solve B. bring C. raise D. ignore
13. A. concepts B. opportunities C. faith D. ambition
14. A. enjoyed B. doubted C. recommended D. ackhowledged
15. A. replace B. predict C. conduct D. copy
16. A. came about B. broke up C. set off D. turned out
17. A. literature B. science C. language D. art
18. A. precious B. smooth C. beneficial D. slow
19. A. promised B. showed C. left D. awarded
20. A. record B. admire C. create D. forget
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. B 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. C 16. D 17. B 18. D 19. B 20. C
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者是怎样爱上生物学，成为一位科学家的。就像科学本身一样，作者作为一名科学家的旅程也很缓慢，但在许多老师和教授的帮助下，他们向作者展示了这条路。现在，作者尽最大的努力去学习新的东西，创造新的知识。
考查名词。A. development发展；B. difficulty困难；C. choices选择；D. requirements需要。根据．I hadn’t considered lots of career___1___when I graduated from high school．可知，当我从高中毕业的时候，我没有考虑过很多职业选择。故选C。
考查动词。A. appointing任命； B. forcing强迫；C. allowing允许；D. encouraging鼓励。根据Like most students who earn good grades in math and science classes，I found people___2___me to be an engineer．可知，像大多数在数学和科学课上取得好成绩的学生一样，我发现人们鼓励我成为一名工程师。故选D。
考查名词。A. university大学；B. office办公室；C. room房间；D. lab实验室。根据But all of that changed when I went to my___3___．可知，但当我上大学的时候，一切都变了。故选A。
考查名词。A. experiment实验；B. lecture演讲；C. test 测试；D. teamwork团队合作。根据I will never forget the feeling of walking into my very frrst Biology___4___．可知，我永远不会忘记我第一次生物学讲座的感觉。故选B。
考查名词。A. agent代理人；B. volunteer志愿者；C. host支持人；D. professor教授。根据I nervously found a seat and waited for the type of___5___you see in TV shows，old and strict．可知，我紧张地找到了一个座位，等待着你在电视节目中看到的那种老而严格的教授。故选D。
考查形容词。A. opposite相反的；B. traditional传统的；C. typical典型的； D. similar相似的。根据What I got was exactly___6___．可知，我得到的结果正好相反。故选A。
考查形容词。A. average平均的；B. casual随便的；C. enthusiastic热情的； D. severe严重的。根据Dr．Espinoza was a caring and___7___teacher，and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with Biology．可知，Dr．Espinoza是一位充满爱心和热情的老师，她的两门课让我爱上了生物学。故选C。
考查动词。A. realize意识到；B. regret后悔；C. refuse拒绝；D. recall回想起。根据Her exciting classes made me___8___that I had other choices besides being a（n）___9___．可知，她激动人心的课程让我意识到，除了做工程师之外，我还有其他选择。故选A。
考查名词。A. lawyer律师；B. educator教育家；C. scholar学者；D. engineer工程师。根据Her exciting classes made me___8___that I had other choices besides being a（n）___9___．可知，她激动人心的课程让我意识到，除了做工程师之外，我还有其他选择。故选D。
考查词组。A. As to 至于； B. Due to由于； C. On behalf of 代表； D. In spite of尽管。根据___10___Dr．Espinoza and many other professors like her，I found that scientists aren’t just what you___11___on the National Geographic channel．可知，由于Dr．Espinoza和其他许多像她一样的教授，我发现科学家不仅仅是你在the National Geographic channel学到的东西。故选B。
考查动词词组。A. take care of 照顾；B. make fun of取笑；C. learn about 了解； D. search for寻找。根据___10___Dr．Espinoza and many other professors like her，I found that scientists aren’t just what you___11___on the National Geographic channel．可知，由于Dr．Espinoza和其他许多像她一样的教授，我发现科学家不仅仅是你在the National Geographic channel学到的东西。故选C。
考查动词。A. solve解决；B. bring 拿来；C. raise 提高； D. ignore忽视。根据They are real people who answer real questions and___12___real problems．可知，他们是真正的人，他们回答真正的问题，解决真正的问题。故选A。
考查名词。A. concepts概念； B. opportunities机会； C. faith信仰； D. ambition雄心。根据This led me to seek out___13___to do real science projects and see if I___14___it．可知，这让我寻找机会去做真正的科学项目，看看我是否喜欢它。故选B。
考查动词。A. enjoyed 喜爱； B. doubted 怀疑； C. recommended 一件； D. ackhowledged获得。根据This led me to seek out___13___to do real science projects and see if I___14___it．可知，这让我寻找机会去做真正的科学项目，看看我是否喜欢它。故选A。
考查动词。A. replace替代； B. predict预测； C. conduct 管理； D. copy复制。根据While I was at university，I learned how to ask good questions，how to___15___experiments and collect data，and how to share what I learned with people．可知，当我在大学的时候，我学会了如何问好问题，如何进行实验和收集数据，以及如何与人分享我学到的东西。故选C。
考查动词词组。A. came about产生； B. broke up分手，结束； C. set off出发； D. turned out结果是。根据As it___16___I loved every minute of it．可知，正如结果所示，我喜欢它的每一分钟。故选D。
考查名词。A. literature文学； B. science科学； C. language 语言； D. art艺术。根据Falling in love with___17___was a long process for me，but it led me to a job I love．可知，爱上科学对我来说是一个漫长的过程，但它让我找到了一份我喜欢的工作。故选B。
考查形容词。A. precious珍贵的； B. smooth 顺利的； C. beneficial 有益的； D. slow慢的。根据Like the science itself，my journey toward being a scientist was___18___，but helped along by many teachers and professors who___19___me the way．可知，就像科学本身一样，我作为一名科学家的旅程也很缓慢，但在许多老师和教授的帮助下，他们向我展示了这条路。故选D。
考查动词。A. promised 许诺； B. showed 出示； C. left离开； D. awarded得到回报。根据Like the science itself，my journey toward being a scientist was___18___，but helped along by many teachers and professors who___19___me the way．可知，就像科学本身一样，我作为一名科学家的旅程也很缓慢，但在许多老师和教授的帮助下，他们向我展示了这条路。故选B。
考查动词。A. record记录； B. admire 钦佩； C. create 创造； D. forget忘记。根据Now，I try my best to learn new things and___20___new knowledge．可知，现在，我尽我最大的努力去学习新的东西，创造新的知识。故选C。
四、（安徽省合肥市2019届高三上学期调研性检测）Classical Chinese garden design aims to create a natural landscape on a small scale and emphasize the perfect harmony between man and nature.
A Chinese garden ____1____(be) like a scroll（卷轴）painting, ____2____(show) a series of carefully composed scenes. New views are revealed as one walks along the pathways. In the gardens, ____3____ most frequently meets the eye is winding paths that seemingly lead to nowhere. There, a path seems to end, but all of ____4____ sudden, a new world is rolled out before you: pavilions（亭子）, rock formations, spring waters—all combined to provide a pleasant surprise! At the ____5____(enter) to a Chinese garden, there is usually a huge stone or wall ____6____(use) to screen your view so as to later produce unimaginable delight when you turn around the wall. A Chinese garden may have windows on all ____7____(it) four walls. And it is ____8____(interest) that, through the windows, visitors may see different views at different angles, and thus the composition of the garden becomes enlarged.
A Chinese garden is where culture is both created and enjoyed. All plants mark the shift of the ____9____(season). Similarly, water, a symbol of the ever-changing, ____10____ rocks, a symbol of the eternal（水恒的）, create a harmonious balance of nature's yin and yang.
【答案】1. is 2. showing 3. what 4. a 5. entrance/entry 6. used 7. its
8. interesting 9. seasons 10. and
【解析】
本文为说明文。中国古典园林设计的目的是创造一个小规模的自然景观，强调人与自然的完美和谐。中国园林就像一幅卷轴画，展示了一系列精心构成的场景。中国园林是创造和享受文化的地方。植物随着季节变化。一草一木皆让你惊喜， 水与岩石让自然界的阴阳调和。
考查谓语动词。分析句子可知，本句中的主语是单数，所以谓语动词要用is。
考查非谓语作定语。句意：一个中国园林就像一卷画，展示了一系列精心构成的场景。分析句子A Chinese garden is (be) like a scroll（卷轴）painting, ____2____(show) a series of carefully composed scenes.可知，本句中的show在句子可作定语，修饰主语painting, 二者是主动关系，故用showing。
考查名词从句。句意：在花园里，最常见到的是蜿蜒的小径，似乎是无尽的。分析句子In the gardens, _3___most frequently meets the eye is winding paths that seemingly lead to nowhere.可知，句中主语从句中缺少主语，缺少主语指物的要用what,故填what
考查固定搭配。all of a sudden, 为固定搭配，意为“突然地”，故填a
考查名词。分析句子可知，本句中的enter前有定冠词the，在英语中the修饰的是名词，故要用enter的名词形式entrance/entry。
考查非谓语作定语。在一个中国花园的入口处，通常有一块巨大的石头或墙用来遮挡你的视线。分析句子可知，本句中的use是作stone or wall 的定语，本句中是用石头和墙来遮挡视线的。因此二者是被动关系，故填used。
考查代词。句意：中国的花园可能在它所有的四个墙壁上都有窗户。分析句子可知，本句是指墙自身有窗户，故填its（它的）。
考查形容词。句意：有趣的是，通过窗户，游客可以在不同的角度看到不同的风景。本句中是常用句式。It is +adj. +that从句，而interest是名词，所以用其形容词 interesting。
考查名词复数。句意：中国园林是创造和享受文化的地方。所有的植物都标志着季节的变化。而一年有四季，故季节要用复数形式seasons。
考查连词。句意：同样地，水是千变万化的象征，岩石是永恒的象征，它们创造了自然界阴阳的和谐。分析句子可知“水”和“岩石”二者是并列的主语，所以要填and。
