专题三十 书面表达图表类
（原卷版）
一、图表作文是近年来高考常考题型之一。体裁多为议论文、应用文和说明文，内容多涉及前后变化对比、正反观点对比或产品介绍等。图表作文一般分为两种形式：
1．表格形式，将统计的数据或被说明的事物直接用表格体现出来，即统计表。这类题型一般以说明文和议论文居多，往往是介绍、说明某种情况或辩论某种观点、看法，但有时也可能是记叙文。
2．图像形式，可分为以曲线形式表示数据变化的线形图、以条形形式表示数据大小或数量之间差异的条形图、以圆内扇形面积的大小表示总体中部分结构变化的圆形图等。这类题型一般以说明文居多，是一些关于生产、销售、发展进程等各种项目统计的示意图。
二、看图作文是近年来高考书面表达考查的热点题型之一。它是指根据某幅图画所提供的图像信息写一篇短文或叙述一个故事；或通过几幅相关的图画说明某个问题或得出某个结论。看图作文要求考生将画面所包含的有效信息直接运用英语思维转换成英语语言文字，旨在避免考生运用汉语思维布局谋篇。
【考例1】（2018·北京） 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你们上周接待外国学生，带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
【参考范文】
Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out be to extremely rewarding.
On arriving at the tea house, the foreign students were impressed by the unique tea pots and tea cups. I gave them a vivid and informative introduction of tea culture, including its profound history, its rich variety, and the exquisite craftsmanship of making tea with their interest greatly sparked, I then began to teach them how to make tea.
In order to deliver a clear presentation, I slowly explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail. Absorbed in every move of mine, the foreign students were once again amazed by this unique culture and they couldn’t help taking pictures from time to time.
Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves. Washing the tea pots, adding tea leaves, and pouring water into the cups, they followed my instructions and were really immersed in charming tea culture. The tea house witnessed a really enjoyable time for all of us.
At the end of the activity, holding the tea bags in our hands, we took a picture to memorize the unforgettable day. It suddenly hit me that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge value. And I swelled with pride to spread our own culture to people all over the world.
【解析】本文为图片介绍类作文，这类作文是根据给出的一幅或几幅图画所提供的信息写短文。此类题的体裁较广泛，可以是记叙文、说明文，也可以是议论文。按照本文的要求可知，是写一篇记叙文。
【考例2】(2017北京,第二节) 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序,写一篇英文周记,记录毕业前夕你们制作以“感恩母校”为主题的毕业纪念视频的全过程。
注意:词数不少于60。
提示词:视频 video
【参考范文】
Graduation finally came. My classmates and I decided to do something. After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school. Material collecting took us a whole week, during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life. The editing part after that was tough. We debated over what to put into the video. Some compromises were unavoidable, but the video turned out perfect. Several days later, when the video was played on the graduation ceremony, it was well received. The students and teachers shared a great time. That surely gave us a great sense of achievement.
【解析】1.本文应以第一人称为主,时态以一般过去时为主。
2.制作毕业纪念视频的全过程应该包括讨论分工、收集素材、编辑制作以及放映视频四个方面。
【考例3】（2017·江苏卷）
请认真阅读下面有关我国电影票房收入(box-office income)的柱状图及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Saturday Afternoon.In a Shopping Centre.
Li Jiang：Hi，Su Hua. Which movie shall we see?
Su Hua：Whatever. We've got so many choices, Kung Fu Yoga, Journey to the West…Each sounds great!
Li Jiang：Yeah！And some movie stars are fantastic.
Su Hua: And the high-tech！…
Li Jiang：Perfect！Let's get some food first. We only have 20 minutes left.
Su Hua：No hurry. The cinema is on the same floor.
One Day in 2016.At Home.
Son：Mum，shall we go and see a film tonight?
Mother：Why bother? We can stay at home and watch films online. It's convenient with our new and faster network.
Son：But it feels good in a cinema.
Mother：And the price…We have to pay 50 yuan a ticket.
Son：Only 10 yuan more than last year.
Mother：But still we cannot get the money's worth. Some films are just boring…
【写作内容】
1．用约30个单词概述柱状图信息的主要内容；
2．我国电影票房收入变化的原因有哪些，简要谈谈你的看法(上述对话仅供参考，原因不少于两点)；
3．谈谈你对我国电影票房收入走向的看法，并简要说明理由。
【写作要求】
1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3．不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
【参考范文】
The box-office income of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015. However, that increase slowed down in 2016.
The reasons behind this are various. The fast economic development before 2016 was probably the most powerful engine driving the constant growth in the box-office income. The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars could also account for the increase. However, China saw a decline in its economic growth rate last year. And the Internet increased options for movie lovers. Consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading to a slower growth.
China's economy is expected to grow at a medium speed in the coming years, so an increase is possible in the investment in the movie industry and the number of quality movies. Therefore, its box-office income will probably enjoy a slight increase.
【解析】本篇书面表达要求考生根据柱状图以及相关文字写一篇文章，总结柱状图信息，谈谈电影票房收入变化的原因，阐述对电影票房收入走势的看法，并说明理由。文章为任务型读写，属于议论文，写作时应以第三人称为主，第一人称为辅；一般现在为主，一般过去式为辅。考生首先应当仔细阅读柱状图及相关文字，明确其主旨；接着指出电影票房收入变化的原因，以及将来的走向；最后在此基础上合理安排好文章结构。本文用三段写作：第一段用约30词概括柱状图信息，提出文章主题；第二段阐述电影票房收入变化的原因；第三段论述电影票房收入将来的走向。
【考例4】（2016·北京） 假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华。你班同学参加了学校的“地球日”系列活动。请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，以“Actions for a Greener Earth”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍活动的全过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
提示词：地球日Earth Day
【参考范文】
Actions for a Greener Earth
A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.
Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials. We brought to our classroom worn-out clothes, pieces of cardboard and empty plastic bottles and turned those into dolls, handbags, tissue boxes and small vases. That weekend, we went to a nearby neighborhood and gave them away to the people there. All were very happy with those unexpected gifts, especially little kids and elderly people. We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.
We are very proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.
【解析】题目内容主要包括：公告栏了解活动、分工制作、变废为宝的宣传活动、主题讲座等。要求按照四幅图的先后顺序，以“Actions for a Greener Earth”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英语稿件，介绍活动的全过程。词数不少于60 词，参考词汇必须使用。使用一般过去时和第一人称。注意行文的连贯性，多使用一些连接词。
【考例5】(2016天津河西区三调)
假设你校英语报正在举办看图征文活动。请仔细观察以下三幅图,并想象第四幅图的内容,用 英语写出一个涵盖连环图的内容并有完整结局的故事。
注意:1.短文词数不少于100;
2.开头已给出,不计入总词数;
3.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
4.故事的主人公名叫李津,不要在文中透露你本人所在学校和地区的信息。
参考词汇:拐杖crutch
Li Jin is a high school student, and a classmate of mine. He goes to school by bus...?? ??
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【参考范文】
Li Jin is a high school student, and a classmate of mine. He goes to school by bus every morning. During the rush hour, the bus is often crowded. Li Jin is rather selfish, so he doesn’t think twice about taking one of the priority seats. Even when an elderly passenger is standing nearby, he doesn‘t give up the seat and pretends not to notice him.
Last weekend,Li Jin hurt his ankle while playing basketball. Now, he has to walk with a crutch, and standing for long periods is painful. This morning, he was sad to find that he had to stand on the bus. A young woman in one of the priority seats ignored him completely, and remained absorbed in a book she was reading. Fortunately, this experience has made Li Jin reflect on his own attitude to vulnerable people. In fact, he has determined that he will never again fail to give the priority seat to anyone who is more in need of it.
【解析】本文为图画式作文。要求在读懂图画内容的基础上,把写作的重点放在合理展开想象、表述 自己的看法上。
图表作文应试策略：
1．审读图表前的文字说明，弄清图表性质，做到“四确定”。首先，确定文章体裁；其次，确定文章的结构；再次，确定文章的时态(动词是句子的核心，时态是句子的灵魂)；最后，确定文章的人称。
2．审读图表后的要求，寻找做题规律，要注意以下几个方面。
(1)词数要求。
(2)开头或结尾是否已给出，如果给出，则考生不能另行开头或结尾；并且，要细读所给语句的人称、时态和语言表达风格与口吻，力求前后一致。
(3)内容完整，即要点齐全。图表中的内容要注意详略得当和准确全面。
(4)行文连贯。行文时必须做到形连和意连。形连要力求自我特色词汇的使用，以增加得分“亮点”。意连要求能涵盖高考书面表达各种文体常用的几个特色词和短语，如however, besides, instead, in the meanwhile, for instance, on the contrary, worse still, in conclusion, all of a sudden, as a matter of fact等，只有这样才能写出好文章。
(5)注意句式的变化，力求在语言表达正确的基础上追求句式变换，确保语言表达的高级性。常见写作技巧主要包括：简单句与复合句的交错使用；主动语态为主，适度穿插被动语态；大胆使用平行结构；适当调整句中定语、状语的位置，使句子表达多样化；三大从句与三种非谓语动词灵活互换；特殊句式(如强调句、感叹句、疑问句、省略句)点缀其间等。
总之，图表作文写作要坚持“慢审快写”的原则，必须牢记：审读提示，弄清结构与题材，时态、人称要得当，开头、结尾要呼应；再读图表，句子结构要搭配，语言习惯莫违背；文章书写要规范，显眼之处别出错；文章写好要检查，点滴错误别漏掉。
图表式作文的写作步骤
第一步：开门见山地点明该图表所反映的主题。经常使用的词汇有：table, chart, figure, graph, describe, tell, show, represent等。
引入话题的句型有：
As is known by the above graph/in the above table...
It can be seen from the above graph/the above table that...
According to the numbers of the above graph, we can find that...
第二步：分析数据间的主要差异及趋势，然后进行描述。在描述数据间变化及总趋势时，可采用分类式或对比式，并阐明理由。
1．描述图表变化趋势的词语：
上升：increase/ rise/ go up/ rocket
下降：decrease/ reduce/ come down/ decline/ drop/ fall
快：quickly/ rapidly/ sharply/ dramatically
慢：slowly/ gradually
其他方面的常用词语：while, but, compare...to/ with..., in contrast to, as...as..., the same as, similar to, different from, difference between, among, more than, less than等。
2．分析原因的词语和句式：
lead to/ result in/ case/ be responsible for/ account for/ Several factors contribute to such changes.
第三步：归纳总结或发表评论/谈看法/说对策。常用短语、词组和句型：
in a word/ in short/ generally speaking/ It's clear from the chart that.../ We can draw the conclusion that.../ We can learn/ know.../ It's necessary/ important/ easy/ clear that/ ...find it necessary/ important/ easy/ clear to do...
图画写作技巧：
1．仔细审题，确定要点。对于这类试题，考生首先应仔细审题，看懂图画所表达的意思，根据图画内容整理出几个要点，再根据这些要点决定要采用的语言形式。
2．紧扣要点，组句成篇。看图写作时要选用自己最熟悉、最有把握的词语和句型将题中所规定的内容要点加以表达，进而串联成文。在表达时句子宜短不宜长，应慎用分词或复合句，对拿不准的表达，可采用“迂回”或“回避”的方法，即在不改变原有意思的前提下，改换另一种表达方式，但切忌中文式的英语，或根据英语语法人为地编造一些不规范、不地道的语言材料。
3．表达准确，过渡自然。考生对看图作文所提供的图画，通常先是分幅叙述，相互之间没有逻辑联系。考生在分幅叙述之后，应按照合理的顺序，将句子串联成文。在连贯时，可适当使用一些过渡性的连接词，如and, then, however, besides, thus等，这样会使文章脉络清晰，层次分明，意思连贯。
4．规范书写，检查润色。详读全文，检查是否遗漏要点；是否有明显的语法和结构错误；单词拼写是否有误；标点符号是否遗漏或用错；词数是否符合要求等。
1.（南京市 2019 届高三年级学情调研） 请认真阅读下面有关“有声读物”（audio books）的图表及相关文字，并按照要求用 英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。
An audio book is a recording of a text being read. Audio books are considered a valuable tool. Digital innovation isn’t just changing the way audio books are created, packaged and sold. It’s starting to reshape the way readers consume literature.
Like many young people, Tony Chou, a 25-year-old software engineer in Shanghai, never used to read much. He barely cracked a book in college and would read one or two a year on vacation, at most. But in the past year, he’s finished 10 books. He listens to audio in pieces throughout the day on his iPhone during his morning workout, on his 20-minute-trip to work, and while he’s cooking dinner or cleaning up. Before he falls asleep, he switches to an e-book of the same story on his Kindle, and starts reading right where the narrator left off.
【写作内容】
1.用约 30 个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
2.阅读有声读物受欢迎的原因（不少于两点）；
3.联系实际，谈谈你愿意读传统读物还是有声读物，并简述理由。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3，不必写标题。
【评分标准】 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
2.（南京师范大学附属中学2018届5月模考） 请认真阅读下面的文字和图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
BEIJING, April 12, 2016 (Xinhua)—Chinese President Xi Jinping has urged the government to strike a balance between the conservation of cultural relics and economic development.
Meanwhile, President Xi stressed the utilization(利用)of cultural relics, saying they are a valuable legacy from our ancestors and carry with them history and culture. It's time to “bring cultural relics back to life”， which will greatly benefit future generations.
BEIJING, January 02, 2018 (China Daily)—National Treasures, a TV show about 27 cultural relics from nine Chinese museums—has gone viral.
People are invited to tell the “previous and present life stories” of the relics and their own stories in relation to the relics.
The producer said, “Our original purpose is just to bring life to the relics and encourage more people to go to the museums and take a look at the country's most precious and shining treasures.” A show like this boosts our cultural self-confidence and fuels pride in our heritage. 2014—2017全国博物馆数量
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词概述文字和图表的主要内容；
2. 用约120个单词阐述你的观点，内容包括：
(1) “让文物活起来”的意义(至少两点)；
(2) 结合自身实际，谈谈你如何让文物活起来。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
3.（江苏省苏锡常镇四市2018届5月调研）
请认真阅读下面关于Summer Slide的漫画及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150 词左右的文章。
[写作内容]
1. 根据漫画，请用约30词谈谈什么是Summer Slide:
2. 结合图片信息谈谈漫画作者对Summer Slide 现象的态度和建议。
3. 你是否赞成漫画作者的观点，并说明理由。
[写作要求]
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句:
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称:
3. 不必写标题。
[评分标准]
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
4.（2018年江苏省南通,徐州等七市五月联考） 请认真阅读下面有关中学生自信心现状调查的柱状图及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Self-confidence is an attitude which allows individuals to have positive yet realistic views of themselves and their situations.
? ? People who are not self-confident depend excessively on the approval of others in order to feel good about themselves. They tend to avoid taking risks because they fear failure. They generally do not expect to be successful. They often put themselves down and tend to discount or ignore compliments paid to them.
? ? 【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词概述饼状图信息的主要内容；
2. 简要分析中学生培养自信心的重要性（不少于两点）；
3. 根据你的分析，谈谈中学生自信心培养的途径和方法。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
3. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
4. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
5.（北京市精华学校2018年高三考前测试） 假设你是红星中学学生李华，上周参加了学校组织的“京郊美丽乡村”展示活动，为此，你与父母一起去感受了乡村的变化。请根据下列四幅图的先后顺序，给美国笔友Peter写信，介绍你参加此次活动的全过程。
Dear Peter,
How are things going?
Last week, I took part in the show of “Beautiful Villages around Beijing” in our school.
_______________________________________________________________________________
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Do keep in touch.
Best wishes!
Li Hua
6.（北京中国人民大学附属中学2018届高三考前热身）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍上周末你班组织
团队登山活动的完整过程，并以“Our Team Mountain-climbing Activity”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件。词数不少于60。
Our Team Mountain-climbing Activity _______________________________________________________________________________
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专题三十 书面表达图表类
（解析版）
一、图表作文是近年来高考常考题型之一。体裁多为议论文、应用文和说明文，内容多涉及前后变化对比、正反观点对比或产品介绍等。图表作文一般分为两种形式：
1．表格形式，将统计的数据或被说明的事物直接用表格体现出来，即统计表。这类题型一般以说明文和议论文居多，往往是介绍、说明某种情况或辩论某种观点、看法，但有时也可能是记叙文。
2．图像形式，可分为以曲线形式表示数据变化的线形图、以条形形式表示数据大小或数量之间差异的条形图、以圆内扇形面积的大小表示总体中部分结构变化的圆形图等。这类题型一般以说明文居多，是一些关于生产、销售、发展进程等各种项目统计的示意图。
二、看图作文是近年来高考书面表达考查的热点题型之一。它是指根据某幅图画所提供的图像信息写一篇短文或叙述一个故事；或通过几幅相关的图画说明某个问题或得出某个结论。看图作文要求考生将画面所包含的有效信息直接运用英语思维转换成英语语言文字，旨在避免考生运用汉语思维布局谋篇。
【考例1】（2018·北京） 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你们上周接待外国学生，带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
【参考范文】
Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out be to extremely rewarding.
On arriving at the tea house, the foreign students were impressed by the unique tea pots and tea cups. I gave them a vivid and informative introduction of tea culture, including its profound history, its rich variety, and the exquisite craftsmanship of making tea with their interest greatly sparked, I then began to teach them how to make tea.
In order to deliver a clear presentation, I slowly explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail. Absorbed in every move of mine, the foreign students were once again amazed by this unique culture and they couldn’t help taking pictures from time to time.
Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves. Washing the tea pots, adding tea leaves, and pouring water into the cups, they followed my instructions and were really immersed in charming tea culture. The tea house witnessed a really enjoyable time for all of us.
At the end of the activity, holding the tea bags in our hands, we took a picture to memorize the unforgettable day. It suddenly hit me that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge value. And I swelled with pride to spread our own culture to people all over the world.
【解析】本文为图片介绍类作文，这类作文是根据给出的一幅或几幅图画所提供的信息写短文。此类题的体裁较广泛，可以是记叙文、说明文，也可以是议论文。按照本文的要求可知，是写一篇记叙文。
【考例2】(2017北京,第二节) 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序,写一篇英文周记,记录毕业前夕你们制作以“感恩母校”为主题的毕业纪念视频的全过程。
注意:词数不少于60。
提示词:视频 video
【参考范文】
Graduation finally came. My classmates and I decided to do something. After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school. Material collecting took us a whole week, during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life. The editing part after that was tough. We debated over what to put into the video. Some compromises were unavoidable, but the video turned out perfect. Several days later, when the video was played on the graduation ceremony, it was well received. The students and teachers shared a great time. That surely gave us a great sense of achievement.
【解析】1.本文应以第一人称为主,时态以一般过去时为主。
2.制作毕业纪念视频的全过程应该包括讨论分工、收集素材、编辑制作以及放映视频四个方面。
【考例3】（2017·江苏卷）
请认真阅读下面有关我国电影票房收入(box-office income)的柱状图及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Saturday Afternoon.In a Shopping Centre.
Li Jiang：Hi，Su Hua. Which movie shall we see?
Su Hua：Whatever. We've got so many choices, Kung Fu Yoga, Journey to the West…Each sounds great!
Li Jiang：Yeah！And some movie stars are fantastic.
Su Hua: And the high-tech！…
Li Jiang：Perfect！Let's get some food first. We only have 20 minutes left.
Su Hua：No hurry. The cinema is on the same floor.
One Day in 2016.At Home.
Son：Mum，shall we go and see a film tonight?
Mother：Why bother? We can stay at home and watch films online. It's convenient with our new and faster network.
Son：But it feels good in a cinema.
Mother：And the price…We have to pay 50 yuan a ticket.
Son：Only 10 yuan more than last year.
Mother：But still we cannot get the money's worth. Some films are just boring…
【写作内容】
1．用约30个单词概述柱状图信息的主要内容；
2．我国电影票房收入变化的原因有哪些，简要谈谈你的看法(上述对话仅供参考，原因不少于两点)；
3．谈谈你对我国电影票房收入走向的看法，并简要说明理由。
【写作要求】
1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3．不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
【参考范文】
The box-office income of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015. However, that increase slowed down in 2016.
The reasons behind this are various. The fast economic development before 2016 was probably the most powerful engine driving the constant growth in the box-office income. The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars could also account for the increase. However, China saw a decline in its economic growth rate last year. And the Internet increased options for movie lovers. Consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading to a slower growth.
China's economy is expected to grow at a medium speed in the coming years, so an increase is possible in the investment in the movie industry and the number of quality movies. Therefore, its box-office income will probably enjoy a slight increase.
【解析】本篇书面表达要求考生根据柱状图以及相关文字写一篇文章，总结柱状图信息，谈谈电影票房收入变化的原因，阐述对电影票房收入走势的看法，并说明理由。文章为任务型读写，属于议论文，写作时应以第三人称为主，第一人称为辅；一般现在为主，一般过去式为辅。考生首先应当仔细阅读柱状图及相关文字，明确其主旨；接着指出电影票房收入变化的原因，以及将来的走向；最后在此基础上合理安排好文章结构。本文用三段写作：第一段用约30词概括柱状图信息，提出文章主题；第二段阐述电影票房收入变化的原因；第三段论述电影票房收入将来的走向。
【考例4】（2016·北京） 假设你是红星中学高三一班的学生李华。你班同学参加了学校的“地球日”系列活动。请按照以下四幅图的先后顺序，以“Actions for a Greener Earth”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍活动的全过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
提示词：地球日Earth Day
【参考范文】
Actions for a Greener Earth
A week before Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth.
Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials. We brought to our classroom worn-out clothes, pieces of cardboard and empty plastic bottles and turned those into dolls, handbags, tissue boxes and small vases. That weekend, we went to a nearby neighborhood and gave them away to the people there. All were very happy with those unexpected gifts, especially little kids and elderly people. We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.
We are very proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.
【解析】题目内容主要包括：公告栏了解活动、分工制作、变废为宝的宣传活动、主题讲座等。要求按照四幅图的先后顺序，以“Actions for a Greener Earth”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英语稿件，介绍活动的全过程。词数不少于60 词，参考词汇必须使用。使用一般过去时和第一人称。注意行文的连贯性，多使用一些连接词。
【考例5】(2016天津河西区三调)
假设你校英语报正在举办看图征文活动。请仔细观察以下三幅图,并想象第四幅图的内容,用 英语写出一个涵盖连环图的内容并有完整结局的故事。
注意:1.短文词数不少于100;
2.开头已给出,不计入总词数;
3.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
4.故事的主人公名叫李津,不要在文中透露你本人所在学校和地区的信息。
参考词汇:拐杖crutch
Li Jin is a high school student, and a classmate of mine. He goes to school by bus...?? ??
??? ?
??? ?
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【参考范文】
Li Jin is a high school student, and a classmate of mine. He goes to school by bus every morning. During the rush hour, the bus is often crowded. Li Jin is rather selfish, so he doesn’t think twice about taking one of the priority seats. Even when an elderly passenger is standing nearby, he doesn‘t give up the seat and pretends not to notice him.
Last weekend,Li Jin hurt his ankle while playing basketball. Now, he has to walk with a crutch, and standing for long periods is painful. This morning, he was sad to find that he had to stand on the bus. A young woman in one of the priority seats ignored him completely, and remained absorbed in a book she was reading. Fortunately, this experience has made Li Jin reflect on his own attitude to vulnerable people. In fact, he has determined that he will never again fail to give the priority seat to anyone who is more in need of it.
【解析】本文为图画式作文。要求在读懂图画内容的基础上,把写作的重点放在合理展开想象、表述 自己的看法上。
图表作文应试策略：
1．审读图表前的文字说明，弄清图表性质，做到“四确定”。首先，确定文章体裁；其次，确定文章的结构；再次，确定文章的时态(动词是句子的核心，时态是句子的灵魂)；最后，确定文章的人称。
2．审读图表后的要求，寻找做题规律，要注意以下几个方面。
(1)词数要求。
(2)开头或结尾是否已给出，如果给出，则考生不能另行开头或结尾；并且，要细读所给语句的人称、时态和语言表达风格与口吻，力求前后一致。
(3)内容完整，即要点齐全。图表中的内容要注意详略得当和准确全面。
(4)行文连贯。行文时必须做到形连和意连。形连要力求自我特色词汇的使用，以增加得分“亮点”。意连要求能涵盖高考书面表达各种文体常用的几个特色词和短语，如however, besides, instead, in the meanwhile, for instance, on the contrary, worse still, in conclusion, all of a sudden, as a matter of fact等，只有这样才能写出好文章。
(5)注意句式的变化，力求在语言表达正确的基础上追求句式变换，确保语言表达的高级性。常见写作技巧主要包括：简单句与复合句的交错使用；主动语态为主，适度穿插被动语态；大胆使用平行结构；适当调整句中定语、状语的位置，使句子表达多样化；三大从句与三种非谓语动词灵活互换；特殊句式(如强调句、感叹句、疑问句、省略句)点缀其间等。
总之，图表作文写作要坚持“慢审快写”的原则，必须牢记：审读提示，弄清结构与题材，时态、人称要得当，开头、结尾要呼应；再读图表，句子结构要搭配，语言习惯莫违背；文章书写要规范，显眼之处别出错；文章写好要检查，点滴错误别漏掉。
图表式作文的写作步骤
第一步：开门见山地点明该图表所反映的主题。经常使用的词汇有：table, chart, figure, graph, describe, tell, show, represent等。
引入话题的句型有：
As is known by the above graph/in the above table...
It can be seen from the above graph/the above table that...
According to the numbers of the above graph, we can find that...
第二步：分析数据间的主要差异及趋势，然后进行描述。在描述数据间变化及总趋势时，可采用分类式或对比式，并阐明理由。
1．描述图表变化趋势的词语：
上升：increase/ rise/ go up/ rocket
下降：decrease/ reduce/ come down/ decline/ drop/ fall
快：quickly/ rapidly/ sharply/ dramatically
慢：slowly/ gradually
其他方面的常用词语：while, but, compare...to/ with..., in contrast to, as...as..., the same as, similar to, different from, difference between, among, more than, less than等。
2．分析原因的词语和句式：
lead to/ result in/ case/ be responsible for/ account for/ Several factors contribute to such changes.
第三步：归纳总结或发表评论/谈看法/说对策。常用短语、词组和句型：
in a word/ in short/ generally speaking/ It's clear from the chart that.../ We can draw the conclusion that.../ We can learn/ know.../ It's necessary/ important/ easy/ clear that/ ...find it necessary/ important/ easy/ clear to do...
图画写作技巧：
1．仔细审题，确定要点。对于这类试题，考生首先应仔细审题，看懂图画所表达的意思，根据图画内容整理出几个要点，再根据这些要点决定要采用的语言形式。
2．紧扣要点，组句成篇。看图写作时要选用自己最熟悉、最有把握的词语和句型将题中所规定的内容要点加以表达，进而串联成文。在表达时句子宜短不宜长，应慎用分词或复合句，对拿不准的表达，可采用“迂回”或“回避”的方法，即在不改变原有意思的前提下，改换另一种表达方式，但切忌中文式的英语，或根据英语语法人为地编造一些不规范、不地道的语言材料。
3．表达准确，过渡自然。考生对看图作文所提供的图画，通常先是分幅叙述，相互之间没有逻辑联系。考生在分幅叙述之后，应按照合理的顺序，将句子串联成文。在连贯时，可适当使用一些过渡性的连接词，如and, then, however, besides, thus等，这样会使文章脉络清晰，层次分明，意思连贯。
4．规范书写，检查润色。详读全文，检查是否遗漏要点；是否有明显的语法和结构错误；单词拼写是否有误；标点符号是否遗漏或用错；词数是否符合要求等。
1.（南京市 2019 届高三年级学情调研） 请认真阅读下面有关“有声读物”（audio books）的图表及相关文字，并按照要求用 英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。
An audio book is a recording of a text being read. Audio books are considered a valuable tool. Digital innovation isn’t just changing the way audio books are created, packaged and sold. It’s starting to reshape the way readers consume literature.
Like many young people, Tony Chou, a 25-year-old software engineer in Shanghai, never used to read much. He barely cracked a book in college and would read one or two a year on vacation, at most. But in the past year, he’s finished 10 books. He listens to audio in pieces throughout the day on his iPhone during his morning workout, on his 20-minute-trip to work, and while he’s cooking dinner or cleaning up. Before he falls asleep, he switches to an e-book of the same story on his Kindle, and starts reading right where the narrator left off.
【写作内容】
1.用约 30 个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
2.阅读有声读物受欢迎的原因（不少于两点）；
3.联系实际，谈谈你愿意读传统读物还是有声读物，并简述理由。
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；[来源:Zxxk.Com]
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3，不必写标题。
【评分标准】 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
【参考范文】
In recent years, audio books have been gaining popularity at an amazing speed. Many users have developed a habit of listening to books, which contributes to the rapid expansion of the audio book market.
There are a variety of reasons accounting for this trend. First, the great convenience brought about by audio books makes them appealing to many people, as they can enjoy books regardless of time, location or noise level. Besides, audio books are easily available because people are allowed to download audio books free online. Moreover, for those with special needs, such as the blind, audio books are fantastic innovation.
Personally, I prefer to read print books. Print books can give you unique experiences that audio books cannot offer. I can read at my own pace, stopping wherever I like to reflect on some enlightening sentences.
Furthermore, it’s much easier to quickly find what i want in a print book-especially something like a dictionary.
In short, print books are still my first choice.
【解析】本篇作文的关键在于分析清楚表格所传递的含义，然后透过现象看本质，对数据（尤其是较为明显的数据）的变化进行分析。 以这篇考题为例。第一段引出话题，对“有声读物”进行了简单说明，并引出主题——数字革新正改变我们对文学知识的认知方式。第二段则举了实例：一个上学期间几乎从来不看书的人，现在 却通过“有声读物”看了不少书，而且大多是一些零散的时间。这个例子体现了“有声读物”这一科技 产品对人们阅读方式的改变。柱状图的数据分析比较简单，可以很清楚地看到有声读物的市场规模 呈现逐年上涨的趋势，并且增幅在扩大。
文章第二部分是有关有声读物受欢迎的原因，也就是刚刚提到的——透过现象看本质这一环节。 这里给出几个写作思路：第一，现代人工作强度大、生活节奏快，有声读物的出现可以让人们更易 获取这类资源，无需特地去书店或图书馆；第二，两种阅读方式相比，有声读物显然方便携带，不 受地点的限制；第三，对于一些特殊群体，例如对视力有障碍的人来说，有声读物成为了他们最好 的选择。
总体来看，本次作文的难度中等，主要需要学生能清楚理解材料内容，并有较强的逻辑思维能力。
2.（南京师范大学附属中学2018届5月模考） 请认真阅读下面的文字和图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
BEIJING, April 12, 2016 (Xinhua)—Chinese President Xi Jinping has urged the government to strike a balance between the conservation of cultural relics and economic development.
Meanwhile, President Xi stressed the utilization(利用)of cultural relics, saying they are a valuable legacy from our ancestors and carry with them history and culture. It's time to “bring cultural relics back to life”， which will greatly benefit future generations.
BEIJING, January 02, 2018 (China Daily)—National Treasures, a TV show about 27 cultural relics from nine Chinese museums—has gone viral.
People are invited to tell the “previous and present life stories” of the relics and their own stories in relation to the relics.
The producer said, “Our original purpose is just to bring life to the relics and encourage more people to go to the museums and take a look at the country's most precious and shining treasures.” A show like this boosts our cultural self-confidence and fuels pride in our heritage. 2014—2017全国博物馆数量
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词概述文字和图表的主要内容；
2. 用约120个单词阐述你的观点，内容包括：
(1) “让文物活起来”的意义(至少两点)；
(2) 结合自身实际，谈谈你如何让文物活起来。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
【参考范文】
President Xi demanded the government preserve cultural relics and “bring them back to life”， stressing their social and cultural functions. Accordingly, an increasing number of museums have been established and high-quality relevant programs produced. (37 words)
Admittedly, bringing cultural relics back to life is of critical significance to the current society. Each relic is a unique cultural expression. By fully understanding their history and stories behind, we can acquire our ancestors' wisdom, which we can apply to our daily life. Furthermore, relics coming alive will definitely help strengthen our cultural confidence and pride.
As a teenager, I intend to do my part in making cultural relics alive. Firstly, I will visit museums more often and dig into the stories behind each exhibit. Additionally, I will work as a cultural ambassador, serving as a volunteer guide in museums or shooting videos of the exhibits introducing their glorious past to the public.
In short, if everyone does their bit, we will see a rosy future for our cultural treasures.
3.（江苏省苏锡常镇四市2018届5月调研）
请认真阅读下面关于Summer Slide的漫画及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150 词左右的文章。
[写作内容]
1. 根据漫画，请用约30词谈谈什么是Summer Slide:
2. 结合图片信息谈谈漫画作者对Summer Slide 现象的态度和建议。
3. 你是否赞成漫画作者的观点，并说明理由。
[写作要求]
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句:
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称:
3. 不必写标题。
[评分标准]
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
【参考范文】
According to the caricature, summer slide refers to the academic loss to students who prefer playing to learning during summer holidays. The sharp decline in reading scores is an evident example.
Obviously, the author of the caricature is worried about the phenomenon. Readers, especially parents, are warned of their children’s “sliding down”. Students are therefore advised to do some reading every day.
From my perspective, it’s important not to fall into the pitfall of “summer slide”. Although vocations are meant for a rest to us students, it should not be at the expense of our study. We should respond to the author’s call to do daily reading. Anyway, abandoning ourselves in reading is actually another way of leisure. In addition, we’d better ask our parents to create an academic ground for us, like reading together with us, etc. With the joint efforts of both, the summer slide can surely be avoided.
Possible version2:
According to the caricature, summer slide refers to the academic loss to students who prefer playing to learning during summer holidays. The sharp decline in reading scores is an evident example.
Obviously, the author of the caricature is worried about the phenomenon. Readers, especially parents, are warned of their children’s “sliding down”. Students are therefore advised to do some reading every day.
Personally I don’t subscribe to the author’s idea. Although “summer slide” does exist, it doesn’t mean our holidays should be deprived of in such a name. Otherwise, what is the point of holidays? We students, and even parents, have long suffered from heavy burden of study. Taking a rest both physically and mentally is actually refreshing our mind for later improvement, which is in its nature a better way to avoid “summer slide”. Therefore, doing compulsory daily reading in summer holidays is nothing but a bad idea to me.
4.（2018年江苏省南通,徐州等七市五月联考） 请认真阅读下面有关中学生自信心现状调查的柱状图及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Self-confidence is an attitude which allows individuals to have positive yet realistic views of themselves and their situations.
? ? People who are not self-confident depend excessively on the approval of others in order to feel good about themselves. They tend to avoid taking risks because they fear failure. They generally do not expect to be successful. They often put themselves down and tend to discount or ignore compliments paid to them.
? ? 【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词概述饼状图信息的主要内容；
2. 简要分析中学生培养自信心的重要性（不少于两点）；
3. 根据你的分析，谈谈中学生自信心培养的途径和方法。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
3. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
4. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
【参考范文】
Self-confidence is crucial to our development. However, lack of self-confidence is common among middle school students. Some dare not express themselves publicly while others think negatively or have poor capacity to handle problems.
Undoubtedly, embracing self-confidence is of tremendous significance to us middle school students. Being confident can help us overcome difficulties when we’re encountered with adversity and feel discouraged. With self-confidence, we may accomplish what seems to be impossible previously. Actually, it has been universally acknowledged that self-confidence is half of the success that can bring us courage to stick to what we do.
Given the importance of self-confidence to our success, we should spare no effort to cultivate and boost it. Setting specific and realistic goals can make us confident and hopeful about life. In addition, giving ourselves praise and reward for our achievements will lift our confidence level. With firm determination and courage we can become more confident.
5.（北京市精华学校2018年高三考前测试） 假设你是红星中学学生李华，上周参加了学校组织的“京郊美丽乡村”展示活动，为此，你与父母一起去感受了乡村的变化。请根据下列四幅图的先后顺序，给美国笔友Peter写信，介绍你参加此次活动的全过程。
Dear Peter,
How are things going?
Last week, I took part in the show of “Beautiful Villages around Beijing” in our school.
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Do keep in touch.
Best wishes!
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Peter,
How are things going?
Last week, I took part in the show of “Beautiful Villages around Beijing” in our school. On Sunday morning, my parents and I went to the suburbs to get some information for my poster. On arriving at the destination, we were impressed by the beautiful scenery and people’s living conditions. I took many photos. Then we chatted with a farmer, who told us about the changes these years. They now can get online to learn agricultural science and trade their products. And in spare time they can enjoy various leisure activities, like table tennis and chess. The next day I put my pictures and an article on the school wall newspaper. I feel proud of the development of our country.
Do keep in touch.
Best wishes!
Li Hua
【解析】本文为图画类作文，要求学生根据图画内容简单描述上周参加了学校组织的“京郊美丽乡村”展示活动中，你与父母一起去感受了乡村的变化。文章主要采用一般过去时，人称主要采用第一人称，要按照图画的顺序进行描述，同时也要使用对比分析法，展示乡村从过去到现在的变化。
6.（北京中国人民大学附属中学2018届高三考前热身）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍上周末你班组织
团队登山活动的完整过程，并以“Our Team Mountain-climbing Activity”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件。词数不少于60。
Our Team Mountain-climbing Activity _______________________________________________________________________________
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【参考范文】Our Team Mountain-climbing Activity
In order to relax us from the study load, our class organized a team mountain-climbing activity last Sunday.
As the teacher announced the plan to us, we were so excited as to let out cheers. On Sunday morning, we gathered at the school gate with good preparation. Then we set out for the mountain in high spirits. After two hours’ bus ride, we arrived at our destination. With great excitement, we started our climbing. All the way, we chatted and laughed, breathing the fresh air. When someone was tired and fell behind, others would come and give a hand. Finally, everyone made it to the top of the mountain. Bathed in sunshine, we enjoyed the splendid view cheerfully.
The activity benefited us a lot. Not only did it free us from the heavy school work, it also promoted the friendship among us! What a wonderful day!
【解析】本文书面表达属于看图作文。
第1步：根据提示可知，本篇是看图作文：请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍上周末你班组织团队登山活动的完整过程，并以“Our Team Mountain-climbing Activity”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件。词数不少于60。
第2步：根据写作要求确定关键词，如：the study load（学习负担）；mountain-climbing activity（攀岩活动）； in high spirits（兴高采烈）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态语态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
