专题十一 主谓一致（解析版+原卷版）

专题十一 主谓一致 （原卷版）

考查主谓一致原则，要求学生掌握这一原则和用法，确定句子主语的单复数，不要受其他干扰项干扰而答错。
主谓一致是指：?
1）?语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2）?意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。?
3）?就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。?
4）就远原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于离它最远的词语，一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。
【考例1】（2019届高考英语复习卷1）The phrase??____42____?(create) for the first time in?2014 in?Japan to describe young men who no longer bother to start relationships with women or follow someone else’s life path.
【答案】was created
【解析】考查主谓一致和被动语态。句意：这句话是2014年在日本首次创造出来的，用来形容那些不再费心与女性建立关系或追随他人生活道路的年轻男性。此处句子主语The phrase?和create之间是被动关系，主语是单数第三人称，再根据2014，可知句子用一般过去时态的被动语态，故答案为was created。
【考例2】（高考仿真模拟卷三）Now that his university course ___45___(come)to an end，Nigel is just about to leave on a three-year trip that will take him right around the world.
【答案】has come
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：大学课程已经结束了。句子用现在完成时态，句子主语是course，单数第三人称形式，故答案为has come。
【考例3】(2018第三次全国大联考江苏卷，31)It was the natural disaster， rather than human errors， that 　　???? for the death of so many innocent people.
A. are blamed　　 B. was to blame C. was blamed　　 D. were to blame
【答案】B　
【解析】考查主谓一致和主动表被动的固定结构。句意：是自然灾害，而不是人为的错误，造成了这么多无辜的人的死亡。本句为强调句型，被强调部分的核心结构为“A，rather than，B”。根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词要和rather than 前的名词保持一致，用单数;be to blame for对……负有责任，主动表被动。综上所述答案为B。
【考例4】(2018江苏高考原创押题预测卷34)Towering over the surrounding buildings 　　???? the Jinmao skyscraper， which reaches over 400 meters in height， making itself a landmark of Shanghai.
A.are　　 B. is　　 C. has　　 D. have
【答案】B　
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：高达400多米的金茂大厦矗立在高楼大厦中俨然成了上海的地标性建筑物。句子的主语为 the Jinmao skyscraper，谓语动词需用单数，而此处表示一种客观存在的情况，故选B。
【考例5】（2017· 江苏24）The publication of Great Expectations， which _______ both widely reviewed and highly praised， strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致。先行词是Great Expectations，“Great Expectations”是书名，看做单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据“strengthened”可知，说的是过去，故选C。句意：《远大前程》的出版获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬，这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。
【考例6】（2017·天津卷6） Nowadays， cycling， along with jogging and swimming， _______ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards
【答案】B
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式
之一。根据动词短语regard...as… (把……看做……)和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和
D；由介词短语along with?连接的三个名词作主语，谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，
排除C。故选B?
【考例7】(2017天津春，1)The number of firms selling computers in this region 　　????since January 2012.
A. are dropping　　 B. is dropping C. have dropped　　 D. has dropped
【答案】D　
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：自2012年1月份以来，这个地区销售电脑的公司的数量已经下降。由时间状语since January 2012可知，应用现在完成时。又由主语为The number of...可知，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，故选D。
【方法探究】 此类试题要求学生分析主语的单复数形式，同时注意题干中明显的提示词和时态的相互搭配考查。
★知识链接★
一、语法形式一致的原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。如：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。但须注意下列几种情况：
1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例如：
Much land has been deserted in this area in the past few years.在过去的几年中，这个地区的许多土地已经沙化。
To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage.开始吸烟很容易，但是要戒烟却需要勇气。
Reading English newspapers is a good way of improving you English. 阅读英文报纸是提高你英语水平的好方法。
What you need most is to have a good sleep.你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。
[注意：]由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。但若表语是“复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构”时，主句的谓语动词用复数 。例如：
What I bought were three English books.我买的是三本英语书。
What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.我所说的和做的对你是有帮助的。
2、由and 或both...and来连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。例如：
Swimming and walking are good exercises.游泳和散步都是好运动。
He and I were classmates when we were at college.他和我在上大学时是同学。
Both Zhou Lan and Yang Pei like sports.周兰和杨蓓都爱好体育。
[注意]1）但是，并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式（这时and后的名词前没有冠词）。例如：
The manager and secretary was absent at the meeting.经理兼书记没有出席会议。
The manager and the secretary are busy now.经理和书记现在都很忙。
Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li.他们的老师和朋友是李先生。
2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no, each, every或many a ，more than one修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。 例如：
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.在我们国家里，每个男孩和女孩都有权利受教育。
Many a student is having practice in that factory. 许多学生正在那家工厂实习。
More than one student is interested in the book.不止一个学生对这本书感兴趣。
[注意] 在“more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，若在There be句型中，亦可用复数。 如：
There is/are more than one man here. 这儿不止一个人。
3、不定代词each, either, neither 和由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例如：
Each (of us) takes a cup of coffee.(我们)每人喝一杯咖啡。
Everyone knows smoking cigarettes is bad for health.大家都知道吸烟不利于身体健康。
Nothing is to be done 没有什么要干的事。
Everybody obeys the school rules; anybody who breaks the rules is punished.每个人必须遵守学校规则，任何人违反了规则将受到惩罚。
注意：若后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。例如：
None of the sugar was left.没有剩下什么糖了。
None of us has (have) been to America.我们中没有人去过美国。
4、不定代词none 以及由"none/either/neither＋of＋复数合词(或代词)"构成的短语作主语时，谓语用单复数均可，这取决于说话人的意思。当说话人着眼于“每一个都不.......”或“两个中的任何一个都不.......”时，谓语动词用单数；当说话者着眼于“所有的都不.......”或“两个中的全部都不.......”时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
None know when that was. (强调所有的人) 没人知道这是什么时候的事。
None is so good as he.(强调每一个人) 没有人像他那么好。
None of them have / has a car.他们都没有小汽车。（他们没有一个人有小汽车。）
Neither of them know / knows the answer.他们两个全都不知道答案。（他们两个人谁也不知道答案。）
Neither of the article is (are ) interesting.其中没有哪篇文章有趣。
Neither of them have/has replied. 他们两个谁也没有答复。
5、在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数，应与句中先行词的数一致。例如：
People who study the think that there will be another big one soon.研究地震的人认为不久将还有一次大的地震。
Those who want to go on a journey please sign your name here.要去旅游的请把名字签在这儿。
Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.被人类使用的一些能源来自太阳。
[注意]在以“one of the＋复数名词”为先行词的定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；但如果“one of the＋复数名词”这个结构前有the only之类的修饰语时，其从句的谓语动词用单数。 例如：
This is one of the questions that have been asked by the students.这是学生提出的许多问题的一个。
He is the only one of the officers who was invited to the ball here. 他是办公室唯一收到邀请参加舞会的人。
6、“a lot of （lots of， plenty of， a head of， heaps of， the rest（majority） of ，some
（many，anymore，most， all等）of＋+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。例如：
Some of us do not know much about the theatre.我们中有一些人还不太懂得戏剧。
Some (of the sugar) is wet. 有些(糖)是湿的。
Most of the students in our class are league. 我们班上大多数学生是团员。
Most of the food tastes delicious. 大多数食物味道很好。
Half of the work is left unfinished.一半的工作没有完成。
Half of the apples are given to the children.一半的苹果送给孩子们。
Lots of damage was caused by smoking.许多损害是由吸烟引起的。
Plenty of English books are on the shelf.许多英语书在书架上。
注意：1）all单独作主语表示“人”时，谓语用复数；表示“整个事件或事情”时，谓语用单数。 如：
All are present. 所有的人都出席了。(表人)
All is well. 一切都好。 (表示整个事情或情况)
2）“a number of+复数名词 ”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“The number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
A large number of buildings were burnt down.许多楼房被毁了。
The number of students in our school is 2500.我们学校的学生人数是2500名。
7、由“分数或百分数+of +名词（或代词）”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。例如：
More than 70 percent of the surface of our earth is covered by water.我们地球上的70%的表面被水所覆盖。
30 percent of the students in our class are girls.我们班的30%是女生。
8、 如果主语是由“a kind of, 或this/that kind of, a series ( a species) of ，a pair of等 + 名词”构成谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如：
Is this kind of car made in Shanghai? 这种汽车是上海制造的吗？
There is a kind of rose in his garden.他的花园里有玫瑰花。
This kind of apple/apples is rather expensive. 这种苹果相当贵。
That kind of snake/snakes is dangerous. 那种蛇很危险。
[注意]1）但"there/those kinds of＋复数名词"作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。 如：
There kinds of tests are good. 这种测试很好。
Those kinds of apple trees have not yet grown up. 那种苹果树还没有长。
2）“名词+of this kind”等以及与kind意义相似的type， sort等构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词与前的名词保持数的一致。例如：
Apples of this kind are highly priced .这种苹果的价钱很高。
3）如果种类不是一种而是多种，谓语动词应为复数。例如 ：
There are many kinds of pears.有很多种梨子。
9、more that 打头的主语与复数名词连用，谓语动词用复数，与单数名词连用，谓语动词用单数。例如：
More that one student is in the classroom .不只一个学生在教室里。
More that hundred soldiers were killed in the battle .两百多个师兵在战斗中牺牲了。
二、逻辑意义一致原则，即谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的内在涵义。常见的有以下几种情况：
1、表示总称意义形单意复的名词，如people, police, cattle 等作主语时，只当作复数看待，谓语在任何情况下都用复数。如：
Cattle are one cause of the problem.造成戈壁滩的原因之一是牲畜问题。
The police are searching for a murderer in that mountain.警察正在山中搜寻一名杀人犯。
2、以集体名词army, class, enemy, family, government, group, team，crew，crowd，public等集体名词作主语时，谓语应视其情况而用不同形式：当作主语被看作一个整体时，谓语用单数，如果被看成是其中的个体成员时，谓语就用复数。如：
Our class is better than any other classes at playing basketball in our school. 在打篮球方面，我们班胜过我们学校的任何一个班。
Our class are playing a basketball match tomorrow. 我们班的同学明天要举行一场篮球赛。
Our family is not poor any more. 我们家已经不再贫困了。
My family all speak the Intuit language.我一家人都讲因努伊特语。
[注意]population 单独使用作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而前面有some, most 或与分数、百分数连用作主语时，则谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
Most of the population of the city are workers.这个城市人口的大多数是工人。
The population in our country is very large, and eighty percent of the population are farmers.我们国家人口众多，而80%的人口是农民。
3、当一些有两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如glasses, trousers（裤子）, shoes ，chopsticks（筷子）,goods（货物）,scissors（剪刀）,socks, compasses（圆规） ，但如果这些名词前有a pair of，等量词修饰时，（clothes被修饰a suit of），谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：
Your trousers need washing. 你的裤子该洗了。
My glasses are new. 我的眼镜是新的。
A pair of compass is an instrument for drawing circles.圆规是画圆的工具。
A pair of new shoes is in your suitcase.一双新鞋在你的手提箱里。
Two pairs of socks are enough for me. 对我来说，两双袜子就足够了。
4、由“pair, piece of +名词 / 代词”作主语时，谓语动词与pair, piece等词保持一致与后的代词、名词无关。例如：
There is a pair of shoes left.只剩下一双鞋。
The pieces of stone were then carried to the new place for the temple.所有的石块被运到新建寺庙的地方。
5、当表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值等数词短语作主语，根据意义一致原则，通常被看作一个整体，其谓语用单数。 如：
Twenty years is a long time to us. 对于我们来说，20年是一段很长的时间。
One thousand pounds is a lot of money. 一千英镑是很大一笔钱。
6.某些形复意单的名词(如表示人名、地名、国名及组织、书籍、报刊等名称的专有名词和学科名词等)作主语，谓语用单数。 如：
Zhangjiajie is really a good place which is famous for its beautiful mountains.张家界的确是个好地方，它是以美丽的山而闻名的
Physics is a difficult subject to learn, I think. 我想，物理是一门难学的目。
News is traveling fast nowadays. 如今新闻播得很快。
The American film True Lies was directed by a world-famous director.美国影片《真实的谎言》是由一位世界著名的导演导演的。
7、如果主语由“the+形容词（分词）”担任时，往往根据意义一致原则，来决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。如果表示一类人时，谓语动用复数形式；如果指个人或抽象概念时，则谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
The old is taken good care of in our country. 在我们国家老人受到很好的照顾。
The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。
8、名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况，一般只指商店、公共建筑物、住宅等，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。例如：
The baker's is on the side of the street.理发馆在街道的另一边。
My uncle's is not very far from here.我叔叔的家离这儿不太远。
9、数词作主语时，谓语用单数，但有四则运算中，谓语单、复数均可。如：
Ten is a round number. 十是个整数。
Three hundred and forty plus six hundred and sixty is / are one thousand.340 加660等于1000。
10.疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于它产本身的含义。如：
Who teaches you English? 谁教你们英语?
Who have gone there? 谁都已经去那儿了?
Which is your room? 哪一间是你的房子?
Which are your rooms? 哪几间是你的房子?
11、表示数量的短语“one and a half＋名词复数”及“a＋单数名词＋and＋a half”作主语时，谓语用单数。如：
One and a half oranges has been left on the table. 桌子上只剩下一个半桔了。
A month and a half has passed. 一个半月时间过去了。
12.某些单数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语动词用单数；反之谓语动词则用复数形式。这类名词有：sheep，deer， fish，means（方法、手段）species （种类） -ance及以-ese/-ss结尾的表示民族的名词等)。例如：
One day this white sheep was lost. 有一天，这只白色的绵羊丢了。
There are many fish in the Jia Ling River. 嘉陵江时有很多鱼。
A Japanese is coming to visit our school tomorrow.明天有个日本人要来参观我们学校。
13．名词clothes ,works (作“著作”解)的谓语动词往往用复数。Works 作工厂时，谓语动词往往用单数。如：
Clothes keep people warm.衣服使人暖和。
His works have been translated into English. 他的作品已经被译成英语。
The chemical works lies in the east of the city . 化工厂位于城市东面。
14．由quantities of …. a mounts of …+名词构成的主语，谓语动词用复数。
Large quantities of food were wasted. 大量的食物浪费掉了。
三、就近一致原则，即谓语动词的数随最近的主语而定，又称为毗邻一致原则。例如：
1、当or，either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also...，not...but....，whether...or...等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于最靠近于它的名词或代词。例如：
Either you or Lily is to do the cleaning after supper. 不是该你，就是该莉莉在晚饭后打扫卫生。
Not only the mother but also the children were there.不但母亲在那里，而且孩子们也在那里。
2、在倒装句中如一个句子由there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个，谓语动词往往与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。例如：
Where is your mother and younger sisters? 你的母亲和妹妹们在哪儿？
There is a desk a table and three chairs in the room. 房间里有一张书桌，一张桌子和三把椅子。
Here's a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you. 这儿有一支钢笔，几个信封和一些纸给你。
四、就远原则
如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有(together) with, as well as, like, but, except, besides，including, no less than, rather than ,as much as，more than，along with in addition to等介词短语，其谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，则谓语动词也用复数。例如：
An English teacher together with some students has climbed to the top of the mountain.一位英语老师和几个学生已经爬到了山顶。
Mary as well as her friends likes this painting.玛丽和她的朋友都喜欢这幅画。
No one except my close friends knows anything about this matter.除了我的亲密朋友谁也不知道这件事。
The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.老师和许多学生在教室里。
She, like you and Tom, is very tall.像你和汤姆那样她很高。
一、选择题（Choose the best answer）
1.It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve.
A. is; takes B. are; takes C. are; take D. is; take

2.(2018天津河西区二模，4)Either you or one of your family members 　　????to attend the school sports meeting tomorrow and cheer on your kids.
A. is　　 B. are　　 C. will be　　 D. have been

3.(2016浙江萧山四月模拟，13)A recent survey shows that the health of the students in our school 　　????from bad to worse in the past three years.
A. has been going　　 B. have been going
C. has gone　　 D. have gone

4．（2018新课标III卷短文改错改编）
The classroom is a place for learning and that_______（include）learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.
are included B. include C. is included D. includes

5. （云南省昆明市2019届高三摸底调研测试语法填空改编）Results ______ in the journal Science two months ago．
A．published B.was published C.were published D.had published

二、句型训练（Choose the right words in brackets）
1.40% of the students in our school ________(be) from the other parts of Hunan, which ________(be) relatively large number.

2.When and where this took place ________(be) still unknown.

3.The population of this city, forty percent of which are Germans, ________(rise) by 15% in the last three years.

4.Many a man ________(think) life is meaningless without purpose.

5.Every means ________(try) but without much result.

6.Doctor Johnson, together with his wife and two sons, ________(be) to arrive on the evening flight.

7.Every student and every teacher ________(be) required to attend the meeting.

8. Not only I but also Susan and Jane ________(be) accepted into the company.

9.He is the only one of us who ________(pass) the examination.

10.The father , rather than the brothers, ________(be) responsible for the accident.

三、语法填空
（西安中学2018-2019学年度第一学期期中考试）Which is the most significant classical Chinese painting? According to Paul Denlinger, ___1___ visited China many times when young, it should be Along the River During the Qingming Festival. This ___2____ (create) dates back to the Northern Song Dynasty.
This painting is important ____3____ several reasons. First, up until this time, almost all Chinese paintings are landscapes, ____4____ (contain) no or only a few images of people. Second, this is the first scroll (卷轴) painting ____5____ (describe) both Chinese urban and suburban life during the period in the capital, Bianjing, Third, the painting is ____6____ (high) detailed and features shops of all kinds and different economic activities in and out of the city. People are able to see the Chinese technology of the time, which helps them ____7____ great deal in understanding _____8_____the Chinese lived.
The Beijing Palace Museum keeps the ____9____ (origin) Song painting and one of its famous copies改成改成the Qing version _____10_____ (hold) in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.

四、短文改错
（重庆市九校联盟2018届高三第一次联考）Sorry to hear that you failed in the monthly exams. As is known to us that life is not a smoothly journey, which is full of ups and downs, so never lose the heart. But there are some tips for you to follow. Firstly, learn from your experiences. It’s strongly suggested that you figured out and reflect on your mistakes. To avoid make the same errors, you may as well turn your teachers for help. Secondly, work out a detailed plan. Make sure it is easy and practical to carry out and you should reward you when goals achieving. Thirdly, moderate relaxation is a must, because all work and no play make Jack a dull boy. Last but not least, stick to your ideal, which serves as a compass, guiding and motivating you across tough times. Wish you good luck.

专题十一 主谓一致 （解析版）

考查主谓一致原则，要求学生掌握这一原则和用法，确定句子主语的单复数，不要受其他干扰项干扰而答错。
主谓一致是指：?
1）?语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2）?意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。?
3）?就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。?
4）就远原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于离它最远的词语，一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。
【考例1】（2019届高考英语复习卷1）The phrase??____42____?(create) for the first time in?2014 in?Japan to describe young men who no longer bother to start relationships with women or follow someone else’s life path.
【答案】was created
【解析】考查主谓一致和被动语态。句意：这句话是2014年在日本首次创造出来的，用来形容那些不再费心与女性建立关系或追随他人生活道路的年轻男性。此处句子主语The phrase?和create之间是被动关系，主语是单数第三人称，再根据2014，可知句子用一般过去时态的被动语态，故答案为was created。
【考例2】（高考仿真模拟卷三）Now that his university course ___45___(come)to an end，Nigel is just about to leave on a three-year trip that will take him right around the world.
【答案】has come
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：大学课程已经结束了。句子用现在完成时态，句子主语是course，单数第三人称形式，故答案为has come。
【考例3】(2018第三次全国大联考江苏卷，31)It was the natural disaster， rather than human errors， that 　　???? for the death of so many innocent people.
A. are blamed　　 B. was to blame C. was blamed　　 D. were to blame
【答案】B　
【解析】考查主谓一致和主动表被动的固定结构。句意：是自然灾害，而不是人为的错误，造成了这么多无辜的人的死亡。本句为强调句型，被强调部分的核心结构为“A，rather than，B”。根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词要和rather than 前的名词保持一致，用单数;be to blame for对……负有责任，主动表被动。综上所述答案为B。
【考例4】(2018江苏高考原创押题预测卷34)Towering over the surrounding buildings 　　???? the Jinmao skyscraper， which reaches over 400 meters in height， making itself a landmark of Shanghai.
A.are　　 B. is　　 C. has　　 D. have
【答案】B　
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：高达400多米的金茂大厦矗立在高楼大厦中俨然成了上海的地标性建筑物。句子的主语为 the Jinmao skyscraper，谓语动词需用单数，而此处表示一种客观存在的情况，故选B。
【考例5】（2017· 江苏24）The publication of Great Expectations， which _______ both widely reviewed and highly praised， strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致。先行词是Great Expectations，“Great Expectations”是书名，看做单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据“strengthened”可知，说的是过去，故选C。句意：《远大前程》的出版获得了广泛的认可和高度的赞扬，这坐实了狄更斯作为前沿小说家的地位。
【考例6】（2017·天津卷6） Nowadays， cycling， along with jogging and swimming， _______ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
A. regard B. is regarded C. are regarded D. regards
【答案】B
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：现在骑自行车、慢跑和游泳被认为是最全面的锻炼方式
之一。根据动词短语regard...as… (把……看做……)和句意确定应该用被动语态，排除A和
D；由介词短语along with?连接的三个名词作主语，谓语动词应该就前一致，即用单数，
排除C。故选B?
【考例7】(2017天津春，1)The number of firms selling computers in this region 　　????since January 2012.
A. are dropping　　 B. is dropping C. have dropped　　 D. has dropped
【答案】D　
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：自2012年1月份以来，这个地区销售电脑的公司的数量已经下降。由时间状语since January 2012可知，应用现在完成时。又由主语为The number of...可知，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，故选D。
【方法探究】 此类试题要求学生分析主语的单复数形式，同时注意题干中明显的提示词和时态的相互搭配考查。
★知识链接★
一、语法形式一致的原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。如：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。但须注意下列几种情况：
1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例如：
Much land has been deserted in this area in the past few years.在过去的几年中，这个地区的许多土地已经沙化。
To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage.开始吸烟很容易，但是要戒烟却需要勇气。
Reading English newspapers is a good way of improving you English. 阅读英文报纸是提高你英语水平的好方法。
What you need most is to have a good sleep.你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。
[注意：]由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式。但若表语是“复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构”时，主句的谓语动词用复数 。例如：
What I bought were three English books.我买的是三本英语书。
What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.我所说的和做的对你是有帮助的。
2、由and 或both...and来连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。例如：
Swimming and walking are good exercises.游泳和散步都是好运动。
He and I were classmates when we were at college.他和我在上大学时是同学。
Both Zhou Lan and Yang Pei like sports.周兰和杨蓓都爱好体育。
[注意]1）但是，并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式（这时and后的名词前没有冠词）。例如：
The manager and secretary was absent at the meeting.经理兼书记没有出席会议。
The manager and the secretary are busy now.经理和书记现在都很忙。
Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li.他们的老师和朋友是李先生。
2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no, each, every或many a ，more than one修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。 例如：
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.在我们国家里，每个男孩和女孩都有权利受教育。
Many a student is having practice in that factory. 许多学生正在那家工厂实习。
More than one student is interested in the book.不止一个学生对这本书感兴趣。
[注意] 在“more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，若在There be句型中，亦可用复数。 如：
There is/are more than one man here. 这儿不止一个人。
3、不定代词each, either, neither 和由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例如：
Each (of us) takes a cup of coffee.(我们)每人喝一杯咖啡。
Everyone knows smoking cigarettes is bad for health.大家都知道吸烟不利于身体健康。
Nothing is to be done 没有什么要干的事。
Everybody obeys the school rules; anybody who breaks the rules is punished.每个人必须遵守学校规则，任何人违反了规则将受到惩罚。
注意：若后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。例如：
None of the sugar was left.没有剩下什么糖了。
None of us has (have) been to America.我们中没有人去过美国。
4、不定代词none 以及由"none/either/neither＋of＋复数合词(或代词)"构成的短语作主语时，谓语用单复数均可，这取决于说话人的意思。当说话人着眼于“每一个都不.......”或“两个中的任何一个都不.......”时，谓语动词用单数；当说话者着眼于“所有的都不.......”或“两个中的全部都不.......”时，谓语动词用复数。例如：
None know when that was. (强调所有的人) 没人知道这是什么时候的事。
None is so good as he.(强调每一个人) 没有人像他那么好。
None of them have / has a car.他们都没有小汽车。（他们没有一个人有小汽车。）
Neither of them know / knows the answer.他们两个全都不知道答案。（他们两个人谁也不知道答案。）
Neither of the article is (are ) interesting.其中没有哪篇文章有趣。
Neither of them have/has replied. 他们两个谁也没有答复。
5、在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数，应与句中先行词的数一致。例如：
People who study the think that there will be another big one soon.研究地震的人认为不久将还有一次大的地震。
Those who want to go on a journey please sign your name here.要去旅游的请把名字签在这儿。
Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.被人类使用的一些能源来自太阳。
[注意]在以“one of the＋复数名词”为先行词的定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；但如果“one of the＋复数名词”这个结构前有the only之类的修饰语时，其从句的谓语动词用单数。 例如：
This is one of the questions that have been asked by the students.这是学生提出的许多问题的一个。
He is the only one of the officers who was invited to the ball here. 他是办公室唯一收到邀请参加舞会的人。
6、“a lot of （lots of， plenty of， a head of， heaps of， the rest（majority） of ，some
（many，anymore，most， all等）of＋+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。例如：
Some of us do not know much about the theatre.我们中有一些人还不太懂得戏剧。
Some (of the sugar) is wet. 有些(糖)是湿的。
Most of the students in our class are league. 我们班上大多数学生是团员。
Most of the food tastes delicious. 大多数食物味道很好。
Half of the work is left unfinished.一半的工作没有完成。
Half of the apples are given to the children.一半的苹果送给孩子们。
Lots of damage was caused by smoking.许多损害是由吸烟引起的。
Plenty of English books are on the shelf.许多英语书在书架上。
注意：1）all单独作主语表示“人”时，谓语用复数；表示“整个事件或事情”时，谓语用单数。 如：
All are present. 所有的人都出席了。(表人)
All is well. 一切都好。 (表示整个事情或情况)
2）“a number of+复数名词 ”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；“The number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
A large number of buildings were burnt down.许多楼房被毁了。
The number of students in our school is 2500.我们学校的学生人数是2500名。
7、由“分数或百分数+of +名词（或代词）”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词（短语）保持一致。例如：
More than 70 percent of the surface of our earth is covered by water.我们地球上的70%的表面被水所覆盖。
30 percent of the students in our class are girls.我们班的30%是女生。
8、 如果主语是由“a kind of, 或this/that kind of, a series ( a species) of ，a pair of等 + 名词”构成谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如：
Is this kind of car made in Shanghai? 这种汽车是上海制造的吗？
There is a kind of rose in his garden.他的花园里有玫瑰花。
This kind of apple/apples is rather expensive. 这种苹果相当贵。
That kind of snake/snakes is dangerous. 那种蛇很危险。
[注意]1）但"there/those kinds of＋复数名词"作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。 如：
There kinds of tests are good. 这种测试很好。
Those kinds of apple trees have not yet grown up. 那种苹果树还没有长。
2）“名词+of this kind”等以及与kind意义相似的type， sort等构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词与前的名词保持数的一致。例如：
Apples of this kind are highly priced .这种苹果的价钱很高。
3）如果种类不是一种而是多种，谓语动词应为复数。例如 ：
There are many kinds of pears.有很多种梨子。
9、more that 打头的主语与复数名词连用，谓语动词用复数，与单数名词连用，谓语动词用单数。例如：
More that one student is in the classroom .不只一个学生在教室里。
More that hundred soldiers were killed in the battle .两百多个师兵在战斗中牺牲了。
二、逻辑意义一致原则，即谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的内在涵义。常见的有以下几种情况：
1、表示总称意义形单意复的名词，如people, police, cattle 等作主语时，只当作复数看待，谓语在任何情况下都用复数。如：
Cattle are one cause of the problem.造成戈壁滩的原因之一是牲畜问题。
The police are searching for a murderer in that mountain.警察正在山中搜寻一名杀人犯。
2、以集体名词army, class, enemy, family, government, group, team，crew，crowd，public等集体名词作主语时，谓语应视其情况而用不同形式：当作主语被看作一个整体时，谓语用单数，如果被看成是其中的个体成员时，谓语就用复数。如：
Our class is better than any other classes at playing basketball in our school. 在打篮球方面，我们班胜过我们学校的任何一个班。
Our class are playing a basketball match tomorrow. 我们班的同学明天要举行一场篮球赛。
Our family is not poor any more. 我们家已经不再贫困了。
My family all speak the Intuit language.我一家人都讲因努伊特语。
[注意]population 单独使用作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而前面有some, most 或与分数、百分数连用作主语时，则谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
Most of the population of the city are workers.这个城市人口的大多数是工人。
The population in our country is very large, and eighty percent of the population are farmers.我们国家人口众多，而80%的人口是农民。
3、当一些有两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如glasses, trousers（裤子）, shoes ，chopsticks（筷子）,goods（货物）,scissors（剪刀）,socks, compasses（圆规） ，但如果这些名词前有a pair of，等量词修饰时，（clothes被修饰a suit of），谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：
Your trousers need washing. 你的裤子该洗了。
My glasses are new. 我的眼镜是新的。
A pair of compass is an instrument for drawing circles.圆规是画圆的工具。
A pair of new shoes is in your suitcase.一双新鞋在你的手提箱里。
Two pairs of socks are enough for me. 对我来说，两双袜子就足够了。
4、由“pair, piece of +名词 / 代词”作主语时，谓语动词与pair, piece等词保持一致与后的代词、名词无关。例如：
There is a pair of shoes left.只剩下一双鞋。
The pieces of stone were then carried to the new place for the temple.所有的石块被运到新建寺庙的地方。
5、当表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、长度、价值等数词短语作主语，根据意义一致原则，通常被看作一个整体，其谓语用单数。 如：
Twenty years is a long time to us. 对于我们来说，20年是一段很长的时间。
One thousand pounds is a lot of money. 一千英镑是很大一笔钱。
6.某些形复意单的名词(如表示人名、地名、国名及组织、书籍、报刊等名称的专有名词和学科名词等)作主语，谓语用单数。 如：
Zhangjiajie is really a good place which is famous for its beautiful mountains.张家界的确是个好地方，它是以美丽的山而闻名的
Physics is a difficult subject to learn, I think. 我想，物理是一门难学的目。
News is traveling fast nowadays. 如今新闻播得很快。
The American film True Lies was directed by a world-famous director.美国影片《真实的谎言》是由一位世界著名的导演导演的。
7、如果主语由“the+形容词（分词）”担任时，往往根据意义一致原则，来决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。如果表示一类人时，谓语动用复数形式；如果指个人或抽象概念时，则谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
The old is taken good care of in our country. 在我们国家老人受到很好的照顾。
The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。
8、名词所有格之后的名词被省略的情况，一般只指商店、公共建筑物、住宅等，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。例如：
The baker's is on the side of the street.理发馆在街道的另一边。
My uncle's is not very far from here.我叔叔的家离这儿不太远。
9、数词作主语时，谓语用单数，但有四则运算中，谓语单、复数均可。如：
Ten is a round number. 十是个整数。
Three hundred and forty plus six hundred and sixty is / are one thousand.340 加660等于1000。
10.疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于它产本身的含义。如：
Who teaches you English? 谁教你们英语?
Who have gone there? 谁都已经去那儿了?
Which is your room? 哪一间是你的房子?
Which are your rooms? 哪几间是你的房子?
11、表示数量的短语“one and a half＋名词复数”及“a＋单数名词＋and＋a half”作主语时，谓语用单数。如：
One and a half oranges has been left on the table. 桌子上只剩下一个半桔了。
A month and a half has passed. 一个半月时间过去了。
12.某些单数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语动词用单数；反之谓语动词则用复数形式。这类名词有：sheep，deer， fish，means（方法、手段）species （种类） -ance及以-ese/-ss结尾的表示民族的名词等)。例如：
One day this white sheep was lost. 有一天，这只白色的绵羊丢了。
There are many fish in the Jia Ling River. 嘉陵江时有很多鱼。
A Japanese is coming to visit our school tomorrow.明天有个日本人要来参观我们学校。
13．名词clothes ,works (作“著作”解)的谓语动词往往用复数。Works 作工厂时，谓语动词往往用单数。如：
Clothes keep people warm.衣服使人暖和。
His works have been translated into English. 他的作品已经被译成英语。
The chemical works lies in the east of the city . 化工厂位于城市东面。
14．由quantities of …. a mounts of …+名词构成的主语，谓语动词用复数。
Large quantities of food were wasted. 大量的食物浪费掉了。
三、就近一致原则，即谓语动词的数随最近的主语而定，又称为毗邻一致原则。例如：
1、当or，either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also...，not...but....，whether...or...等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于最靠近于它的名词或代词。例如：
Either you or Lily is to do the cleaning after supper. 不是该你，就是该莉莉在晚饭后打扫卫生。
Not only the mother but also the children were there.不但母亲在那里，而且孩子们也在那里。
2、在倒装句中如一个句子由there 或here引起，而主语又不止一个，谓语动词往往与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。例如：
Where is your mother and younger sisters? 你的母亲和妹妹们在哪儿？
There is a desk a table and three chairs in the room. 房间里有一张书桌，一张桌子和三把椅子。
Here's a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you. 这儿有一支钢笔，几个信封和一些纸给你。
四、就远原则
如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有(together) with, as well as, like, but, except, besides，including, no less than, rather than ,as much as，more than，along with in addition to等介词短语，其谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，则谓语动词也用复数。例如：
An English teacher together with some students has climbed to the top of the mountain.一位英语老师和几个学生已经爬到了山顶。
Mary as well as her friends likes this painting.玛丽和她的朋友都喜欢这幅画。
No one except my close friends knows anything about this matter.除了我的亲密朋友谁也不知道这件事。
The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.老师和许多学生在教室里。
She, like you and Tom, is very tall.像你和汤姆那样她很高。
一、选择题（Choose the best answer）
1.It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve.
A. is; takes B. are; takes C. are; take D. is; take
【答案】A
【解析】考查主谓一致。 根据分析，第一空的谓语要填一个单数，因为此宾语从句：…that success a sum of…day.的主语是success，一个单数名词，故谓语要用is；后面的句子：often years to achieve.的主语也是success，故第二空的谓语也是一个单数形式。句意：成功是将每天一小点努力积累起来，是需要多年的努力去达到，记住这些很重要。
2.(2018天津河西区二模，4)Either you or one of your family members 　　????to attend the school sports meeting tomorrow and cheer on your kids.
A. is　　 B. are　　 C. will be　　 D. have been
【答案】A　
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：你们或是你们家里的其他一个人，要参加明天的学校运动会，为你们的孩子们加油。根据句意可知此处表将来，本题涉及表将来的两种形式：be to do和will do，be to do表按计划安排将要做的事，will do表一般将来时的概念，且表将来的形式中没有will be to do这种形式，故排除C。根据就近一致的原则，在either...or...结构中谓语动词的形式取决于最靠近它的主语，即“one of your family members(家庭成员之一)”，故选is，答案A。
3.(2016浙江萧山四月模拟，13)A recent survey shows that the health of the students in our school 　　????from bad to worse in the past three years.
A. has been going　　 B. have been going
C. has gone　　 D. have gone
【答案】A　
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：最近的一项调查表明，在过去的三年里我们学校学生的健康状况越来越差。语境为“到现在一直在……”，故需用现在完成进行时，并且主语是the health of the students，谓语动词用单数，故选A。
4．（2018新课标III卷短文改错改编）
The classroom is a place for learning and that_______（include）learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.
are included B. include C. is included D. includes
【答案】D
【解析】考查主谓一致。that作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数includes。
5. （云南省昆明市2019届高三摸底调研测试语法填空改编）Results ______ in the journal Science two months ago．
A．published B.was published C.were published D.had published
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致和被动语态。句意：研究结果发表在两个月前的《科学》杂志上。根据two months ago且句子主语Results和publish之间是被动关系，所以此处用一般过去时态的被动语态，故答案选C。
二、句型训练（Choose the right words in brackets）
1.40% of the students in our school ________(be) from the other parts of Hunan, which ________(be) relatively large number.
【答案】are; is
【解析】 40% of the students是复数概念，谓语动词用are；which指代主句整句话的意思，谓语动词用is。
2.When and where this took place ________(be) still unknown.
【答案】is
【解析】 when and where this took place是主语从句，从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。
3.The population of this city, forty percent of which are Germans, ________(rise) by 15% in the last three years.
【答案】has risen
【解析】这是一个主从复合句，forty percent of which ________ 为非限制性定语从句，主句的主语是the population of this city, population与the连用是人口的整体概念，谓语动词用单数。
4.Many a man ________(think) life is meaningless without purpose.
【答案】thinks
【解析】 many a “许多；一个接一个的”，后接单数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数。
5.Every means ________(try) but without much result.
【答案】has been tried
【解析】 means属于单复数同形的名词，其前面有every修饰，所以谓语动词用单数。
6.Doctor Johnson, together with his wife and two sons, ________(be) to arrive on the evening flight.
【答案】is
【解析】主语后面接together with或with短语时，谓语动词的形式不受together with或with短语中名词的影响。
7.Every student and every teacher ________(be) required to attend the meeting.
【答案】is
【解析】 every...and every...作主语时，谓语动词用单数，根据句意使用一般现在时。
8. Not only I but also Susan and Jane ________(be) accepted into the company.
【答案】have been/were
【解析】 not only...but also连接两个主语时谓语动词的形式遵循就近一致的原则，接近谓语动词的是两个人，所以用复数；主语和谓语动词是被动关系。
9.He is the only one of us who ________(pass) the examination.
【答案】has passed
【解析】定语从句的先行词被the only修饰时，从句中的谓语动词用单数。
10.The father , rather than the brothers, ________(be) responsible for the accident.
【答案】is/was
【解析】 主语后面有rather than连接的短语时，谓语动词不受rather than后面名词的影响。
三、语法填空
（西安中学2018-2019学年度第一学期期中考试）Which is the most significant classical Chinese painting? According to Paul Denlinger, ___1___ visited China many times when young, it should be Along the River During the Qingming Festival. This ___2____ (create) dates back to the Northern Song Dynasty.
This painting is important ____3____ several reasons. First, up until this time, almost all Chinese paintings are landscapes, ____4____ (contain) no or only a few images of people. Second, this is the first scroll (卷轴) painting ____5____ (describe) both Chinese urban and suburban life during the period in the capital, Bianjing, Third, the painting is ____6____ (high) detailed and features shops of all kinds and different economic activities in and out of the city. People are able to see the Chinese technology of the time, which helps them ____7____ great deal in understanding _____8_____the Chinese lived.
The Beijing Palace Museum keeps the ____9____ (origin) Song painting and one of its famous copies改成改成the Qing version _____10_____ (hold) in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.
【答案】1. who 2. creation 3. for 4. containing 5. to describe 6. highly 7. a 8. how 9. original 10. is held
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。中国最重要的经典画作是什么？依在中国生活多年的Paul Denlinger来看，那非“清明上河图”莫属。
1.考查定语从句。此处Paul Denlinger是先行词，指人，在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语，故答案为who。
2.考查名词。句意：这件作品可以追溯到北宋。句子缺少主语，所以用名词作主语，故答案为creation。
3.考查介词。句意：这幅画有几个重要的原因。结合句意可知答案为for。
4．考查现在分词。句意：直到这个时候，几乎所有的中国画都是风景画，没有或只有少数人的形象。此处是现在分词作伴随状语，故答案为containing。
5.考查动词不定式作后置定语。句意：这是第一幅描绘了当时中国首都汴京的城市和郊区生活的卷轴画。The first to do sth.“做某事的第一---”，此处是动词不定式作后置定语，故答案为to describe。
6.考查副词。句意：这幅画非常细致，描绘了城市内外各种各样的商店和不同的经济活动。此处是副词修饰过去分词，highly“高度地”，故答案为highly。
7.考查固定词组。句意：人们能够看到当时的中国技术，这在很大程度上帮助他们理解中国人的生活方式。此处a great deal“大量，非常”，修饰动词，故答案为a。
8.考查宾语从句引导词。句意：句意：人们能够看到当时的中国技术，这在很大程度上帮助他们理解中国人的生活方式。结合句意可知此处是how引导的宾语从句，
9.考查形容词。句意：北京故宫博物院保存着宋代的原作和其中一幅著名的复制品改成改成清代的《周易》在台北故宫博物院展出。形容词修饰名词，故答案为original。
10.考查主谓一致和被动语态。此处the Qing version和hold之间是被动关系，且指现在的情况，所以句子用一般现在时态的被动语态，故答案为is held。
四、短文改错
（重庆市九校联盟2018届高三第一次联考）Sorry to hear that you failed in the monthly exams. As is known to us that life is not a smoothly journey, which is full of ups and downs, so never lose the heart. But there are some tips for you to follow. Firstly, learn from your experiences. It’s strongly suggested that you figured out and reflect on your mistakes. To avoid make the same errors, you may as well turn your teachers for help. Secondly, work out a detailed plan. Make sure it is easy and practical to carry out and you should reward you when goals achieving. Thirdly, moderate relaxation is a must, because all work and no play make Jack a dull boy. Last but not least, stick to your ideal, which serves as a compass, guiding and motivating you across tough times. Wish you good luck.
【答案】
1. 将As改成it 2. 将smoothly改成smooth 3. 删除 the 4. 将figured改成figure
5. 将make改成making 6. 将在turn后加to 7. 将you改成yourself 8. 将 achieving改成achieved 9. 将make改成makes 10. 将across改成through
【解析】
1.考查it用法。句中is known to us和后面的that从句相连接是一个句子，不是非限制性
定语从句。that从句是真正的主语，it作形式主语。故As改成it。
2.考查形容词。此处修饰名词journey用形容词不用副词，指顺利的旅行，故smoothly改成smooth。
3.考查固定短语。lose heart “丧失信心”，是固定短语。之间不加冠词。故删除the。
4.考查虚拟语气。此处suggest后加that引导的宾语从句，用虚拟语气。动词用（should）+动词原形，此处figure用原形。故figured改成figure。
5.考查动词形式。动词avoid后加动词的-ing形式，此处指避免犯同样的错，故make改成making。
6.考查动词短语。turn to sb. for help “求助于某人”，turn后加介词to再加宾语，故turn
后加to。
7.考查反身代词。句中主语和宾语都是you,宾语用反身代词。此处指你应该奖励你自己。故you改成yourself。
8.考查过去分词。句中goals和 achieve是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。指目标被实现，
故achieving改成achieved。
9. 考查主谓一致。句中主语是all work and no play，指只工作不玩这种现象，是单数，谓语
与之一致也用第三人称单数，故make改成makes。
10. 考查介词。across “横过”,此处指度过艰难时期用through表示度过，故across改成through。