专题四 形容词&副词(解析版+原卷版)

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名称 专题四 形容词&副词(解析版+原卷版)
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更新时间 2019-02-20 16:57:46

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专题四 形容词&副词(原卷版)

形容词和副词在高考试题中始终占很重要的地位。近几年高考对形容词和副词的考查具有“淡化语法、注重深层语义”的特点,以形容词和副词辨析为热点。同时继续加强对形容词和副词比较等级的考查。其考点主要包括:
1.考查形容词和副词词义辨析。
2.考查形容词修饰名词时的词序,即指示代词/不定代词+数词(序数词、基数词)+描绘性形容词+特征性形容词(大小、长短、高低、形状、年龄、新旧)+颜色形容词+国籍、出处+物质、材料+用途、类别+中心名词。
3.考查形容词和副词比较等级的常用句型及其修饰成分在句中的位置。
4.考查与形容词和副词有关的习语结构。
一、考查形容词、副词之间的辨析
【考例1】(2018天津南开区三模,3)Learning from  ????mistakes can help us keep conscious and avoid repeating them in the days to come.
previous    B. curious    C. obvious    D. ridiculous
【答案】A 
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意:从以前的错误中吸取教训可以帮助我们保持清醒,避免在
未来的日子里重蹈覆辙。previous“先前的,以前的”符合语境;curious好奇的;obvious
明显;显然的;ridiculous可笑的,荒谬的。
【考例2】(2018江苏南京、盐城二模,32)—What do you think of her suggestion?
—  ????, it would be much more sensible to talk about it later.
Usually   B. Generally   C. Actually   D. Exactly
【答案】?C 
【解析】考查副词辨析。句意:——你觉得她的建议怎么样?——实际上,稍后再讨论这个
问题会更加明智。actually(=in fact)实际上,事实上。
【考例3】(2018 新课标II卷)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___67___ (globe)fertilizer consumption.
【答案】global
【解析】考查词性转换。句意:中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语,故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。
【考例4】(2018 新课标II卷)A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
【答案】actually
【解析】考查副词。句意:对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整,用副词修饰句子。故填actually。
【考例5】(2018 新课标I卷)Running is cheap, easy and it's always____69____(energy).
【答案】energetic
【解析】考查形容词。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知,系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。
【考例6】(2018天津红桥区二模,6)At that time they could not produce   ????computer, let alone high-grade ones.
normal   B. ordinary   C. popular   D. public
【答案】B 
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意:当时他们就连普通电脑都制造不了,更不用说高档电脑了。
ordinary普通的;normal正常的;popular流行的,受欢迎的;public公众的,公共的,公开的。由high-grade(高档的)可知选B。
二、考查形容词修饰名词时的词序及形容词作状语
【考例1】Her husband's birthday is coming. After a long thought, she plans to buy a ________ wallet for him.
A.black leather small B.small black leather
C.small leather black D.black small leather
【答案】B 
【解析】她丈夫的生日要到了。经过长时间考虑,她打算为他买个黑色的小皮夹。根据多个形容词作定语修饰同一名词的排列规律“限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍出材料,作用类别往后靠”可知,B项正确。
【考例2】________ , she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.
A.Shy and cautious
B.Sensitive and thoughtful
C.Honest and confident
D.Lighthearted and optimistic
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词作状语。由后半句的“她用自己的微笑把阳光传播给人们”可知,她无忧无虑而且非常乐观。故答案选D。
三、考查形容词、副词短语辨析
【考例1】(2018·江苏34).Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is _______ to invest in sufficient training for his staff.
A. keen B. reluctant C. anxious D. ready
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:尽管旅馆服务不好,经理还不愿投入为
员工提供足够的培训。A. be keen to渴望;B. be reluctant to不情愿做;C. be anxious to急于;
D. be ready to乐意,根据句意,故答案选B。
【考例2】.(2018天津河东区一模,4)This film is very  ????with young people, which tells a really romantic story.
A. familiar   B. popular C. similar   D. particular
【答案】?B 
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意:这部电影很受年轻人的欢迎。它讲述了一个非常浪漫的故
事。popular流行的,受欢迎的,be popular with受……欢迎。familiar熟悉的;similar相似的;
particular特别的。
【考例3】(2017天津十二所重点中学二模,11)We have only twenty minutes left, so please get to the point and don’t say anything that isn’t   ????to our problem.
relevant   B. sensitive   C. familiar   D. similar
【答案】A 
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意:我们只剩下二十分钟的时间了,所以请说重点,不要说任
何与我们的问题无关的事情。be relevant to与……有关;be sensitive to对……敏感;be
familiar to sb.为某人所熟悉;be similar to与……相似/类似。
【考例4】(2017江苏南京二模,26)—Iris is always kind and   ???? to the suffering of others.
—No wonder she chooses to be a relief worker.
allergic   B. immune   C. relevant   D. sensitive
【答案】D 
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意:——Iris总是很善良并且能体谅他人的痛苦。——难怪她
选择当了一名救助工作者。be sensitive to对……体谅;be allergic to对……过敏;be immune
to对……免疫的,对……有免疫力的,不受……影响的;be relevant to与……有关。
三、形容词、副词比较级结构
【考例1】(2018天津六校二月联考,24)The price of vegetables is now much  ????than ten years ago.
more higher   B. more expensive C. dearer   D. higher
?【答案】D 
【解析】考查形容词辨析和比较等级。句意:现在蔬菜的价格比十年前高多了。表示价格
的高低用high或low,故排除B和C;high的比较级形式为higher,故选D。
【考例2】(2018江苏南京、盐城二模,32)—What do you think of her suggestion?
—  ????, it would be much more sensible to talk about it later.
Usually   B. Generally   C. Actually   D. Exactly
【答案】C 
【解析】考查副词辨析。句意:——你觉得她的建议怎么样?——实际上,稍后再讨论这个
问题会更加明智。actually(=in fact)实际上,事实上。
【考例3】(2018天津部分区高三质量调查二,5)—How is your recent trip to Kunming?
—I’ve never had   ????one before.
A. a pleasant   B. a most pleasant
C. a more pleasant   D. the most pleasant
【答案】C 
【解析】考查形容词比较等级。句意:——你最近去昆明的旅行怎么样?——我以前从来没
有过这样愉快的旅行。此处用比较级表示最高级意义,即“从来没有过比这次更愉快的旅行——这是最愉快的旅行”,故选C。
【考例4】 (2018 新课标III卷)He screams the____63____(loud)of all.
【答案】loudest
【解析】考查最高级。根据后面的of all可知,他声音最大,所以用最高级loudest。
【考例5】(2018 新课标I卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ____61____(long) than non-runners.
【答案】longer
【解析】考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示:经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级,故填longer。
【考例6】(2017天津南开区三模,8)—How did you find your trip to the Water Park in the summer of 2016?
—I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was   ????than I expected.
A. even much interesting   B. far more interesting
C. so far interesting   D. far from interesting
【答案】B 
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:——你觉得你2016年夏天的水上公园之行怎么样?——
我玩得痛快极了。它比我预想的要有趣得多。由语境可知此处应用比较级,故选B。far修
饰比较级,用于加强语气。
【方法探究】形容词和副词的考查还涉及到比较级和最高级的用法。有时比较含义是通过than这样的词给出,但是有时比较的含义是隐含在句意中。学生应该仔细理解句意,找出隐含的比较关系,判断用比较级还是最高级。
★知识链接★
一、形容词的基本用法
1.形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语等。
1)定语
[注意](1)如果形容词所修饰的是由some,every,any,no与-body,-one,-thing构成的不定代词形容词须后置:例如:
I have something important to tell you.我有些重要的事情要告诉你。
You don't need anything special.你不需要什么特别的东西。
There's nothing special in today's newspaper.今天的报纸没有什么特别的消息。
(2)当else修饰疑问代词who,whom,whose,what疑问副词when,where,和不定代词something,somebody,anyone,nothing,anyone,anybody,everybody,everyone,nobody,no one时要后置。例如:
Have you got anything else to say?你们还有别的什么话要说吗?
Nobody else understands me except you.除了你就没有别人了解了。
What else do you want?你还要什么?
(3)enough用作形容词时,放在所修饰的名词前面或后面都可以(通常只修饰不可数名词或复数名词),放在前面的情况更常见。例如:
There is room enough/ enough room in the bus.公共汽车里有足够的空间。
There was not enough room for the population.当时已经没有足够的地盘来容纳这许多人了。
(4)只作定语的形容词
英语中有些形容词只能用作定语放在名词前不能放在名词后,即只能用作前置定语,常见的有:chief,elder,other,live,little,very,right,southern, wooden.例如:
Dr Lively was going to talk on that very subject today.莱芙利博士今天原先要谈的正好是这个题目。
It was a live radio programme.那是一个无线电实况广播节目。
(5)复合形容词只能作名词的前置定语不能作名词的后置定语,也不能作表语或补足语。例如:
An English-speaking country, hard-wrking people, man-made satellites.例如:
Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.许多国家都向太空发射了人造卫星。
Generally, people from English-speaking countries do not touch each other very much.一般说来,英语国家的人不大彼此触碰。
(6)在old,long,wide,high,deep表示长度、宽度、高度、深度等词组中,与数词连用时,形容词或副词放在表示长度的名词之后。例如:
The Mediterranean is more than 3,700km long, and is 1,800km wide at its widest point.地中海的长度有多3,700公里,最宽处的宽度是1,800公里。
It (The squid) is eaten by a type of whale call the sperm whale, which is over 18 metres long.有一种名叫巨头鲸的鲸鱼,长度超过18米,它吃鱿鱼。
(7)多个形容词修饰时的排列顺序
当一个名词被多个形容词修饰时,其排列顺序通常是:“限制词+描绘性形容词+颜色+国籍、地区+用途、类别+名词”。
The boy often wears a beautiful little red hat.那男孩经常戴着一顶漂亮的小红帽。
I met some tall black-haired Japanese friends yesterday.昨天我遇到了几个高个子、黑头发的日本朋友。
借助下列顺口溜记忆:
描绘形状大长高,再看年龄或新老;颜色国籍出材料,作用类别往后靠。
(9)带有数字的复合词语用作形容词作前置定语时,名词要用单数形式。例如:
a five-year-old boy, a seven-year old girl.
(10)一些以-able 和 -ible 结尾的形容词,一般后置。例如:
This is the only solution imaginable.这是唯一想象得到的解决方法。
(11)形容词短语作定语时要后置。例如:
The basket full of flowers is Mary's.装满花的篮子是玛丽的。
2、作表语
在英语中有一部分行为动词可用作系动词,后面应该跟形容词作表语。这类常用作系动词的行为动词有:
1)表示“变成某种状态”的动词:become,go,get,grow,prove,turn,fall,make等。例如:
When this soil is destroyed, the forest land will become sand again.当土壤被毁坏,林地又会变成沙地。
She is growing healthy. 她的身体逐渐变好了。
Potatoes went bad in the soil.土豆全都烂在地里了。
He turned pale when he heard the news.他听到这个消息,脸都变白了。
2)表示“保持某种状态”的动词:be,keep, exist, remain,stay, obtain;等。例如:
The farmers don't stay long in the same place.这些农民并不在同一个地方逗留很长的时间。
Therefore, if the tobacco companies want to remain in business, they have to encourage more young people to start smoking.因此,如果烟草公司想要继续经营下去,就必须鼓励更多的年轻人吸烟。
3)表示“感觉”的动词:smell,taste,feel, sound, look, seem, appear;等。例如:
You mean it looks strange!你是说这看起来奇怪!
I'll tell you something that does sound strange.我告诉你听起来确实有些奇怪的事。
Well, it feels strange to have a twin sister.是呀,有个孪生姐姐是觉得奇怪。
[注意]1)常作表语的形容词有:afarid,alone,alive,asleep,awake,等
He is afraid of falling behind the others. 他担心落后于其他人。
They were alive and as happy as ever. 他们都还活着,并且跟以前一样快活。
We are alone here.我们在这儿独自生活。
He waits until the children are asleep.他等到孩子们都睡着了。
It's easier to catch a sleeping lion than one that's awake.睡着的狮子比醒着的狮子容易抓一些。
2)表示下列意义的形容词,一般只作表语:sure(一定的),glad( 高兴的),sorry(难过的、遗憾的),ill(有病的),well(健康的)等。
Tom won't feel well till it's over.等到它(足球赛)结束后,汤姆才会好。
I'm sure you'll find them useful.我确信你会发现他们有用的。
I'm sorry about that argument.很抱歉那次的争论。
3)wooden,woolen,golden,silken一般不作表语。如不可说:The box is wooden但可说:This is a wooden box.这是一个木制盒子。
The grey stone towers take on a golden colour before turning pink.灰色的石塔抹上一层金黄色,然后变成粉红色。
4)不能单独作表语的形容词有:worth,worthy,fond,weekly,,monthly,yearly,wooden,woolen,golden,silken,same等。
It was worth five hundred francs at the most.它(那条项链)最多值法郎。
His suggestion is worth consideration / considering.他的建议值的考虑。
The Irish are fond of music and poems.爱尔兰人很喜欢音乐和诗歌。
It appears from Monday to Saturday with a Sunday edition of Business Weekly each week.这份报纸每周星期一到星期六出版,星期天出商业周刊版。
5)以 a-开头的形容词不能用 very 来修饰。如不说:I'm very alone.但可说:I'm much(very much)alone.不说:The boy was very asleep.但可以说: The boy was fast asleep. 不说:very awake .但可以说:wide(broad)awake。
3、作宾语补足语
I didn't find Chinese easy at first.起初,我发现汉语不容易。
The death of the president made the country sad.总统的去世使全国人民感到悲伤。
4、作状语
Strange, she should have never seen him.奇怪的是,她居然未见过他。
另外,fine,good,nice,bright,big等于and连接,位于另一个形容词之前作状语,修饰后面的形容词,其含义相当于副词very,quite。例如:
Mother is big and(=very) busy on Christmas Eve我母亲在圣诞夜前夕非常忙。
It was good and (=very)cold today.今天非常冷。
He drove the car nice and (=quite) fast.他驾驶的非常快。
5、名词化的形容词
有些形容词可以和定冠词 the 连用,表示一类人或物。这是这类形容词就成为名词化的形容词。名词化的形容词在句中主语、宾语等。如:the blind(盲人),the deaf(聋子),the living(dead)(活着的人/ 死者), the rich(富人),the poor(穷人),the young(年轻人),the old(老人),the unemployed(失业者),the wounded(伤员)等,这些名词化的形容词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
The soil is made from the dead leaves above.土壤是由上面的落叶腐烂而成的。
Many of the injured lost their sight.许多受伤者丧失了视力。
The young respect the old; the old love the young.尊老爱幼。
二、副词的基本用法
1、副词和形容词一样,在句中起修饰作用。所不同的是:形容词一般对名词起修饰作用;而副词则是对动词、形容词、句子及其它结构起修饰作用。副词一般分为时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、频度副词、程度副词和疑问副词,它们主要是作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。方位、地点副词也可作表语或后置定语。例如:
They arrived early on a Tuesday morning.他们是在一个星期二的清早到达的。(修饰arrived)
2、副词的位置与词序
1)副词在句中的位置非常灵活,可以放在句首、句未或句中。多数副词放在动词后面。如果是及物动词,则放在宾语后面。例如:
The students watched him quietly.(句末)学生静静地观察着。Quietly the students watched him .(句首)The students quietly watched him.(句中)
Very often it rains here in April.四月份这儿常常下雨。(句首) It very often rains here in April.(句中) It rains here in April very often.(句末)
2)有些副词通常只用于句首或句末,而不用于句中,如表示地点和方向的副词和表示确切时间的副词等。例如:
Here she comes! / She's coming here.她来了。
Down came the rain. / The rain came down.下雨了。
Yesterday I met him. / I met him yesterday.昨天我遇见他。
3)大多数副词既可用于句中,也可用于句末,这主要是那些方式副词和有些表示不确切时间的副词。例如:
Idon't completely agree. / I don't agree completely.我没有全部同意。
I recently saw him there. I saw him here recently.我最近在那儿见到他。
4)频度副词always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,neve ,rhardly(scarcely)等在句中通常放在行为动词前,系动词、情态动词或助动词之后。例如:
You often see musicians performing in the streets.你经常看见音乐家在街道上演奏。
I've always been interested in geography.我一直对地理感兴趣。
[注意]1)为了加强语气,可以把程度副词放在句首,其中等位于句首时,句子常用倒装结构。在构成反意疑问句时,因为它们常被看作否定词(often)除外,附加部分常用肯定形式。例如:
Seldom in all my life have I met such a determined person.在我的一生中,很少遇到这么一个有决心的人。
Never before had she carried out a brain operation.以前她从来没有动过脑手术。
2)当enough作副词修饰形容或副词作状语时,则只能位于所修饰的形容词、副词或动词之后。例如:
I'm sorry, none of you watched carefully enough很遗憾,你们当中谁都观察得不够仔细。
However, after a few hours of study you will manage to know enough to save other people's lives.然而,经过几个小时的学习后,你就会获得足够的知识去抢救别人的生命了。
3)英语里有一些副词,在汉语里通常不看作副词,因而特别容易引起误用。如:abroad(在国外),fresh(新鲜),home(家)live(实况、鲜活),that(那样),upstairs(楼上),downstairs(楼下),indoors(室内),weekend(周末),far(远),outdoors(室外)例如:
I'm not that foolish.我可不那么傻。
It'll be the biggest live concert the world has ever seen.那场音乐会将是全世界的人曾经见过的最大的一场现场直播音乐会。
On day the man upstairs heard the sound of children playing in the park.一天楼上那个人听到了孩子们在公园玩耍的声音。
三、形容词&副词的级
形容词和副词一般有三个级:原级、比较级和最高级。当它们表示“较”和“最”的意义时,要用比较级和最高级形式。比较级的基本构成形式为:“形容词 / 副词 +er ”或“ more+多音节形容词 /副词”;最高级的基本形式为:“形容词 / 副词 +est ”或“most + 多音节形容词 / 副词”。
有关比较级形式应注意以下几点:
1)以-ow,-er,-le结尾的部分双音节词,其比较级、最高级常仍通过词尾变化而构成。例如:
narrow →narrower →narrowest ;clever →cleverer →cleverest;simple →simpler → simplest
2)有些形容词由于本身的涵义,根本不用比较。这类不能用作比较的形容词常见的有:circular(环行的)daily(每日的)empty(空的)false(假的)infinite(无限的)matchless(无敌的)monthly(每月的)perfect(完美的)right(对的)round(圆的)square(正方形的)true(真的)unique(独一无二的)wooden(木制的)wrong(错的)double(双倍的)central(中间的)middle(中等的)west(西方的)dead(死的),living(活着的),excellent(优秀的)Chinese(Japanese.......中国人的, 日本人的.......)Asian(American.......亚洲的,美国的)等,也不能与very,too,enough等词连用。
3)某些形容词本身已是比较级的形式,在用作“比较”时后面应跟to,而不是than。这一类形容词常见的有:anterior(前面的)inferior(下等的)junior(年少的)senior(年长的)superior(较高的)posterior(以后的)prior(顺序在先)。例如:
The supply is equal to the demand.供求平衡。
My voice is similar to my mother's.我的嗓音与我母亲的相似。
Women are inferior to men in jumping high.女子跳高不如男子。
Mr Black is senior to me in our factory.在我们工厂里,布莱克先生的职位在我之上。
Poverty is preferable to ill-health.宁可没钱,也不可没有健康的体魄。
4)由词根派生出来的以- ly 结尾的副词及一些表示频率的时间副词构成比较级和最高级时,多半在其前分别加more 和most。例如:
slowly →more slowly →most slowly;often →more often →most often
5)有些形容词有两种不同的比较级和最高级,各有不同的含义。这类形容词常见的有:
原级
比较级
最高级
(远的)
father(较远的)
farthest(最远的)
further(较远的,进一步的)
furthest(最远的,尽量的)
(近的)
nearer(较近的)
Nearest最近的(指距离)
Next其次的(指顺序)
(迟的)
later(较迟的)
Latest最迟的,最近的(指时间)
latter(后者,居后的)
Last最后的(指顺序)
旧的,老的
older(较老的,较旧的)
oldest(最老的,最旧的)
elder(出生早的,排行居上的)
eldest(出生最早的,排行最大的)
6)注意有些形容词和副词的比较级、和最高级是不规则的。常见的有:
形容词
副 词
原级
最高级
原级
最高级
good, well
best
well
Best
bad, ill
worst
badly
worst
Many, much
most
much
most
Few
fewest
few
fewest
Little
least
little
least
Far
farthest
far
farthest(furthest)
形容词和副词的原级比较
1)表示两者在某一方面程度相同的结构:
①“as+形容词/副词(原级)+ as +比较状语从句(即比较对象)”例如:
Maths is as interesting as English.数学和英语一样有趣。
注意:表示某方不如另一方时,要用结构,
not so (as)+形容词/副词(原级)+ as +比较状语从句(即比较对象)例如:
Tom is not so active in class as Mary.汤姆在课堂上没有玛丽活跃。
He cannot do it as well as he used to.他做这个没有他过去做得好。
②当同级比较的形容词为same时,前面通常不用as,而用the。
At first, the language stayed the same as the language used in Britain.起初,这种语言同在英国使用的语言仍然相同。
Do you think his jacket is the same as mine?你认为他的茄克衫同我的一样吗?
③当同级比较的形容词与单数可数名词连用时,应注意不定冠词的位置,通常是:“as+ a(an) + 形容词+单数可数名词 + as”例如:
Exercise is as good a way as any to lose unwanted weight.运动是跟其它减肥方法一样好的方法。
This is as good as a map as any.这是一幅跟其它地图一样好的地图。
④同级比较结构还常用状语just, almost, far, three times(三倍)等修饰,这些状语应放在第一个as或so之前。例如:
After the experiment, the plant is four times as tall as it was before.在实验以后这种植物为过去高度的四倍。
2)程度不等的比较
①表示某人(某物)在某一方面超过别人或别的物体时,要用比较结构。
形容词 / 副词(比较级)+ than(连词)+比较状语从句(比较对象)例如:
Doing this more difficult in English than in Chinese.用英文写标题比用中文写标题难。
②形容词和副词的比较级前也可用much, far, a lot, no, a little, still, ever, three times等副词修饰。例如:
This book is much thicker than that one这本书比那本书厚得多.
③表示一方不及(如)另一方时,用“less+原级+than”的结构表示。要避免less与fewer的误用,less是little的比较级,应跟不可数名词。fewer是few的比较级,应跟可数名词。
The Chinese eat less sugar than many other countries in the world.中国人吃的糖比世界上其它许多国家的人(吃的糖)都少。
3)句型结构的使用
①“more and more ”表示“越来越.......”的意思。
After that more and more countries joined in the games.此后,越来越多的国家参加了比赛。
②用于比较的“the......the”结构表示“越......越.......”。
它的结构要用“the+形容词 / 副词(比较级)+其它,the+形容词 / 副词(比较级)+其它”,句中常出现倒装。
The more he explains, the more I am puzzled.他越解释,我就越糊涂。
The sooner you do it, the better it will be.你越早做那件事就越好。(愈早愈好。)
③all the + 比较级,表示“更加”的意思。
Failure is the mother of success.(失败是成功之母。)You will be all the better for your failure.
As a result, poor people became all the poorer. (因此,穷的更穷。)
4)表示“倍数”的比较级有如下几种句型:
①A is ......times +adj./adv.(比较级)+than +B. 此句型表示“A是B的...倍(大、小、高、低等)”。例如:
After the experiment,the plant is four times taller than it was before. 在实验后,这种植物为过去高度的四倍。
Line AB is 3 times longer than Line CD. AB线段是CD线段的三倍。
另外:还可以用A is......times as+adj./adv.(原级)+as B句型表示A是B的...倍。如上述例句按此句型改写为:
Line AB is 3 times as long as Line CD.
After the experiment, the plant is four times as tall as it was before.
② A is three(four,.......etc.) times the size (height, length, width,etc) of B.
The new building is four times the size(the height) of the old one.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。(这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍[高三倍])。
③A is three(four,....... etc) times as big (high, long, wide,etc) as B.
用times表示倍数,一般只限于表示包括基数在内的三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍可用 twice或 double。
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)
用名词表示“量”的倍数时,可用以下两个句型:
④......倍数 + more + 名词 +than ......
There are four times more books in our library than yours.我们图书馆藏书是你们的四倍。(多三倍)
⑤......倍数 + as many (as much) + 名词 + 其它+ as.......
There is three times as much water in this river as in that one.这条河的水量是那条河的三倍。
2、最高级表达形式及用法
1)三个或三个以上的人或事物相比,其中一个人或事物在某方面比其他都好,这就要使用形容词与副词的最高级。其结构为:the+形容词/副词(最高级)+其他+of(in,among)+(比较范围)例如:
This is the happiest day in my life.这是我一生中最快乐的一天。
This is one of the best novels that I have ever read.这是我所看过的小说中最好的一本。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长的河流。
2)最高级的副词和形容词的比较应该有一个范围,这个范围通常由介词of,in,among+名(代)词构成的介词短语来表示。
Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers in the school.赵小姐是学校里最受欢迎的教师之一。
Of all the students, Wangbing reads (the) most correctly.在所有的这些学生当中王冰读得最准确。
They all came early but she came (the) earliest of all.他们都来得很早,但她来得最早。
3.比较级表示最高级的几个句型:
在中学英语里,最高级表示的最常见形式是“主语+谓语+the most.......(est) + 比较范围。”除此之外,常见的表达最高级含义的比较级结构还有:
1)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than the others
This one is much larger than the others.这一个比其它大的多得多。
He is taller than the others in his class.他比班上其他人都高。
2)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than anyone (anybody, anything)else
Many years ago, there lived an emperor, who care more for fine clothes than for anything else.许多年以前,有一位皇帝,他喜爱衣服胜过任何其它东西。
He is stronger than anyone else in his class.他比班上的任何人都强壮。
His handwriting is much better than anyone else's.他的书法比其他人都好
3) 主语+谓语+比较级 + than any other +单数名词
I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject.我想汉语比任何的课程更受欢迎。
Tom is taller than any other student in our class.汤姆在我们班比其他任何一个学生都高。
India produces more films than any other country in the world.印度是世界上拍摄电影最多的国家。
4)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than any of the others.
The student has made more progress in the studies than any of the others.这个学生在学习上取得的进步比别的都快。
5)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than any other.
She is more intelligent than any others in her class.她比她班上的任何人都勤奋。
6)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级+ than + the other +复数名词
The last lesson is more difficult than the other lessons in this textbook.最后一课比课本中任何其他课都难。
7) 比较级+ than any of the other + 复数名词
The sun is nearer to us than any of the other stars.太阳比其它的行星更靠近我们。
8)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than all the others.
The Great Pyramid is bigger than all the others.大金字塔要比其它的都大。
9) No one + 谓语 + 比较级 + than sb./ sth.
No one can be more fit for his office than he is.没有人比他更称职了。
10)No other + 单数名词 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than sb./ sth.
No other river is longer than the Changjiang River in Asia.在亚洲,没有其它的河比长江长。
11)主语+谓语+比较级 + than any +单数名词
Canada is larger than any country in Asia.加拿大比亚洲任何一个国家都大。
Tokyo is larger than any city in Africa.东京比非洲任何一个城市都大。
12)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级+ than ever (before).
Today, new foods are travelling faster than ever before.今天新的食物比以往运输的更快。
As a result, the number of people who travel by plane in China is larger ever before.结果是,在中国乘飞机旅行人的数目比以往要多。
13)否定词nobody(else)/ nothing(else)/ no one (else) / not / never等 +比较级+ than
Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quiet beautiful place.在世界上没有比这更安静、更美丽的地方了。
I can't give you better advice than that.这是我所给你的最好的建议。
14)Nobody (No one, Nothing......) + 比较级+ than sb.(sth.)
Nothing is more unpleasant than to find insects in your bath.没有什么比在你的浴盆里发现虫子更令人不快了。
15)No(never.......) + 比较级+ than.......
He is no more able to read Chinese than I .他和我一样都看不懂中文。
This boxing match is no less exciting than the football match这场拳击比赛和那场足球赛一样激动人心。
一、选择题(Choose the best answer)
1.(南京市 2019 届高三年级学情调研21)You say you are innocent, but we have good reasons to think .
A.twice B. over C. aloud D. otherwise

2.(南京市 2019 届高三年级学情调研23)If we just focus on how we want the future to be, we may be to opportunities along the way.
A.equal B. close C. blind D. open

3.(江苏省扬州中学2018届第四次模考26)As the Olympic Games edge closer,?about?140,000?people are needed. Of those, 90,000 will be employees with a _______ 50,000 volunteers.
A. further B. considerable C. massive D. tremendous

4.(徐州市2018考前模拟25)Researchers have found that overweight but _______ healthy people are still at risk of heart disease.
A. frequently B. apparently C. originally D. absolutely

5.(2018年江苏省南通,徐州等七市五月联考27)Sue was greatly inspired though she made ______ improvements in her English writing.
A. modest B. brilliant C. tremendous D. considerable

6.(南京师范大学附属中学2018届5月模考21) Even though the way Lin Daiyu expresses her feelings may be ________ to a modern audience, it is rooted in her character and makes who she is.
A. allergic   B. foreign   C. sensitive   D. fundamental

7.(南京市2018届第三次模考26) The suspect was released, as the evidence was _______and, to some extent, ambiguous.
A.clear B. thin C. hard D. negative

8.(南京市2018届第三次模考31) The agency will make travel arrangements for you._______ , youcan organize your own transport.
A.Similarly B. Furthermore C. Instead D. Alternatively

9.(北京市精华学校2018年高三考前测试14) They came back from their long walk and went into bed, .
A. tiredly but relaxing B. tired but relaxing C. tiredly but relaxed D. tired but relaxed

10.(江苏省启东中学2018届高三最后一模1)The language in the company’s statement is highly ________, thus making its staff confused.
A. ambiguous B. apparent C. appropriate D. aggressive

11. Celine Dion, who performed wonderfully at the Spring Festival Gala, is ________ as she was 15 years ago.
A.as attractive a star B.as an attractive star
C.attractive as a star D.as attractive star

12. .—I have to say that his novel is not a bit interesting.How do you find it?
—How come?It's ________ one that I have ever read.
A. a less interesting      B.a more interesting
C.a most interesting D.the most interesting

13. The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ______ the present one.
A.as three times big as
B.three times as big as
C.as big as three times
D.as big three times as

14. This restaurant wasn't ________ that other restaurant we went to.
A.half as good as B.as half good as
C.as good as half D.good as half as

15. Finally, the two brothers climbed up the last floor, ________.
A.hungrily and tired B.hungrily and tiredly
C.hungry and tired D.hungry and tiredly

二、句型训练(Choose the right words in brackets)
1.There was a ________ (confuse) look on her face when she met with the puzzling problem.

2.If we leave right away, ________ (hope) we'll arrive on time.

3.The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others ________ (blind).

4.Of all the things I have done in my professional career, nothing has been more ________ (reward) than writing that book.

5.It is wise to put milk on a shelf close to the bottom because it is especially ________ (sense) to temperature changes.

6.Some people say that every Senior 3 student is undergoing the most ________ (stress) times and with this I can't agree more.

7.Tony can hardly boil an egg, still ________ (little) cook dinner.

8.I make $2,000 a week. 60 surely won't make ________ big a difference to me.

9.I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time—there are ________ (many) meaningful things to do.

10. What is worse, pets may make too ________(many) noise and even attack people.

三、 语法填空
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2019届江西省上饶市横峰中学、铅山一中、余干一中上学期第一次联考)
There is a tradition in my school that when the College Entrance Examination is less than a month away, students in the ___1___(low) grades, from Senior 1 to Senior 2, all gather together on the ground in front of the teaching building and cheer on the Senior 3 students who are standing upstairs. It wasn't until I ___2___(person) took part in the activity that I understood the real ____3____(mean) of it.
I was in Senior 2 at the time. ___4___ that special night, all the Senior 3 students stood in the corridors (走廊) and looked down at the younger students below. ____5____ (vary) cheers started to resound throughout the school, wave after wave. “Believe in yourself! You deserve to win!”
___6___ (see) everyone's smiling faces around me, I thought of ___7___ famous quote from the American philosopher Henry David Thoreau: What you get by achieving your goals is not as important as what you become by achieving your goals.
Soon it will be my turn to ___8___(bless) in this way, ___9___ also means I will have to say goodbye to my school. Sad as it will be, being cheered on by so many students will still be one of the brightest ___50___(time) of my life.

四、 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
(南昌十中2018-2019学年上学期期中考试)
I’m Zhang Lei from China. I’m easy-going and warm-hearted, which makes its easy for me to make new friends. Energetic and responsible, I am a captain of our school football team. Reading is that I really love, both for fun and knowledge.
If I’m luckily enough to be chosen as chairman of the Students’ Union, I will spare no effort to live on to your expectations. More colourful after-school activities will be organized, which will definitely reduced pressure but enrich our school life. Consider we are studying in an international middle school, communication should be given priority. So an international club will set up, thus enhancing the understanding between the students from different country.

专题四 形容词&副词(解析版)

形容词和副词在高考试题中始终占很重要的地位。近几年高考对形容词和副词的考查具有“淡化语法、注重深层语义”的特点,以形容词和副词辨析为热点。同时继续加强对形容词和副词比较等级的考查。其考点主要包括:
1.考查形容词和副词词义辨析。
2.考查形容词修饰名词时的词序,即指示代词/不定代词+数词(序数词、基数词)+描绘性形容词+特征性形容词(大小、长短、高低、形状、年龄、新旧)+颜色形容词+国籍、出处+物质、材料+用途、类别+中心名词。
3.考查形容词和副词比较等级的常用句型及其修饰成分在句中的位置。
4.考查与形容词和副词有关的习语结构。
一、考查形容词、副词之间的辨析
【考例1】(2018天津南开区三模,3)Learning from  ????mistakes can help us keep conscious and avoid repeating them in the days to come.
previous    B. curious    C. obvious    D. ridiculous
【答案】A 
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意:从以前的错误中吸取教训可以帮助我们保持清醒,避免在
未来的日子里重蹈覆辙。previous“先前的,以前的”符合语境;curious好奇的;obvious
明显;显然的;ridiculous可笑的,荒谬的。
【考例2】(2018江苏南京、盐城二模,32)—What do you think of her suggestion?
—  ????, it would be much more sensible to talk about it later.
Usually   B. Generally   C. Actually   D. Exactly
【答案】?C 
【解析】考查副词辨析。句意:——你觉得她的建议怎么样?——实际上,稍后再讨论这个
问题会更加明智。actually(=in fact)实际上,事实上。
【考例3】(2018 新课标II卷)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___67___ (globe)fertilizer consumption.
【答案】global
【解析】考查词性转换。句意:中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语,故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。
【考例4】(2018 新课标II卷)A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
【答案】actually
【解析】考查副词。句意:对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整,用副词修饰句子。故填actually。
【考例5】(2018 新课标I卷)Running is cheap, easy and it's always____69____(energy).
【答案】energetic
【解析】考查形容词。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知,系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。
【考例6】(2018天津红桥区二模,6)At that time they could not produce   ????computer, let alone high-grade ones.
normal   B. ordinary   C. popular   D. public
【答案】B 
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意:当时他们就连普通电脑都制造不了,更不用说高档电脑了。
ordinary普通的;normal正常的;popular流行的,受欢迎的;public公众的,公共的,公开的。由high-grade(高档的)可知选B。
二、考查形容词修饰名词时的词序及形容词作状语
【考例1】Her husband's birthday is coming. After a long thought, she plans to buy a ________ wallet for him.
A.black leather small B.small black leather
C.small leather black D.black small leather
【答案】B 
【解析】她丈夫的生日要到了。经过长时间考虑,她打算为他买个黑色的小皮夹。根据多个形容词作定语修饰同一名词的排列规律“限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍出材料,作用类别往后靠”可知,B项正确。
【考例2】________ , she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.
A.Shy and cautious
B.Sensitive and thoughtful
C.Honest and confident
D.Lighthearted and optimistic
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词作状语。由后半句的“她用自己的微笑把阳光传播给人们”可知,她无忧无虑而且非常乐观。故答案选D。
三、考查形容词、副词短语辨析
【考例1】(2018·江苏34).Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is _______ to invest in sufficient training for his staff.
A. keen B. reluctant C. anxious D. ready
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:尽管旅馆服务不好,经理还不愿投入为
员工提供足够的培训。A. be keen to渴望;B. be reluctant to不情愿做;C. be anxious to急于;
D. be ready to乐意,根据句意,故答案选B。
【考例2】.(2018天津河东区一模,4)This film is very  ????with young people, which tells a really romantic story.
A. familiar   B. popular C. similar   D. particular
【答案】?B 
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意:这部电影很受年轻人的欢迎。它讲述了一个非常浪漫的故
事。popular流行的,受欢迎的,be popular with受……欢迎。familiar熟悉的;similar相似的;
particular特别的。
【考例3】(2017天津十二所重点中学二模,11)We have only twenty minutes left, so please get to the point and don’t say anything that isn’t   ????to our problem.
relevant   B. sensitive   C. familiar   D. similar
【答案】A 
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意:我们只剩下二十分钟的时间了,所以请说重点,不要说任
何与我们的问题无关的事情。be relevant to与……有关;be sensitive to对……敏感;be
familiar to sb.为某人所熟悉;be similar to与……相似/类似。
【考例4】(2017江苏南京二模,26)—Iris is always kind and   ???? to the suffering of others.
—No wonder she chooses to be a relief worker.
allergic   B. immune   C. relevant   D. sensitive
【答案】D 
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意:——Iris总是很善良并且能体谅他人的痛苦。——难怪她
选择当了一名救助工作者。be sensitive to对……体谅;be allergic to对……过敏;be immune
to对……免疫的,对……有免疫力的,不受……影响的;be relevant to与……有关。
三、形容词、副词比较级结构
【考例1】(2018天津六校二月联考,24)The price of vegetables is now much  ????than ten years ago.
more higher   B. more expensive C. dearer   D. higher
?【答案】D 
【解析】考查形容词辨析和比较等级。句意:现在蔬菜的价格比十年前高多了。表示价格
的高低用high或low,故排除B和C;high的比较级形式为higher,故选D。
【考例2】(2018江苏南京、盐城二模,32)—What do you think of her suggestion?
—  ????, it would be much more sensible to talk about it later.
Usually   B. Generally   C. Actually   D. Exactly
【答案】C 
【解析】考查副词辨析。句意:——你觉得她的建议怎么样?——实际上,稍后再讨论这个
问题会更加明智。actually(=in fact)实际上,事实上。
【考例3】(2018天津部分区高三质量调查二,5)—How is your recent trip to Kunming?
—I’ve never had   ????one before.
A. a pleasant   B. a most pleasant
C. a more pleasant   D. the most pleasant
【答案】C 
【解析】考查形容词比较等级。句意:——你最近去昆明的旅行怎么样?——我以前从来没
有过这样愉快的旅行。此处用比较级表示最高级意义,即“从来没有过比这次更愉快的旅行——这是最愉快的旅行”,故选C。
【考例4】 (2018 新课标III卷)He screams the____63____(loud)of all.
【答案】loudest
【解析】考查最高级。根据后面的of all可知,他声音最大,所以用最高级loudest。
【考例5】(2018 新课标I卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ____61____(long) than non-runners.
【答案】longer
【解析】考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示:经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级,故填longer。
【考例6】(2017天津南开区三模,8)—How did you find your trip to the Water Park in the summer of 2016?
—I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was   ????than I expected.
A. even much interesting   B. far more interesting
C. so far interesting   D. far from interesting
【答案】B 
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:——你觉得你2016年夏天的水上公园之行怎么样?——
我玩得痛快极了。它比我预想的要有趣得多。由语境可知此处应用比较级,故选B。far修
饰比较级,用于加强语气。
【方法探究】形容词和副词的考查还涉及到比较级和最高级的用法。有时比较含义是通过than这样的词给出,但是有时比较的含义是隐含在句意中。学生应该仔细理解句意,找出隐含的比较关系,判断用比较级还是最高级。
★知识链接★
一、形容词的基本用法
1.形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语等。
1)定语
[注意](1)如果形容词所修饰的是由some,every,any,no与-body,-one,-thing构成的不定代词形容词须后置:例如:
I have something important to tell you.我有些重要的事情要告诉你。
You don't need anything special.你不需要什么特别的东西。
There's nothing special in today's newspaper.今天的报纸没有什么特别的消息。
(2)当else修饰疑问代词who,whom,whose,what疑问副词when,where,和不定代词something,somebody,anyone,nothing,anyone,anybody,everybody,everyone,nobody,no one时要后置。例如:
Have you got anything else to say?你们还有别的什么话要说吗?
Nobody else understands me except you.除了你就没有别人了解了。
What else do you want?你还要什么?
(3)enough用作形容词时,放在所修饰的名词前面或后面都可以(通常只修饰不可数名词或复数名词),放在前面的情况更常见。例如:
There is room enough/ enough room in the bus.公共汽车里有足够的空间。
There was not enough room for the population.当时已经没有足够的地盘来容纳这许多人了。
(4)只作定语的形容词
英语中有些形容词只能用作定语放在名词前不能放在名词后,即只能用作前置定语,常见的有:chief,elder,other,live,little,very,right,southern, wooden.例如:
Dr Lively was going to talk on that very subject today.莱芙利博士今天原先要谈的正好是这个题目。
It was a live radio programme.那是一个无线电实况广播节目。
(5)复合形容词只能作名词的前置定语不能作名词的后置定语,也不能作表语或补足语。例如:
An English-speaking country, hard-wrking people, man-made satellites.例如:
Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.许多国家都向太空发射了人造卫星。
Generally, people from English-speaking countries do not touch each other very much.一般说来,英语国家的人不大彼此触碰。
(6)在old,long,wide,high,deep表示长度、宽度、高度、深度等词组中,与数词连用时,形容词或副词放在表示长度的名词之后。例如:
The Mediterranean is more than 3,700km long, and is 1,800km wide at its widest point.地中海的长度有多3,700公里,最宽处的宽度是1,800公里。
It (The squid) is eaten by a type of whale call the sperm whale, which is over 18 metres long.有一种名叫巨头鲸的鲸鱼,长度超过18米,它吃鱿鱼。
(7)多个形容词修饰时的排列顺序
当一个名词被多个形容词修饰时,其排列顺序通常是:“限制词+描绘性形容词+颜色+国籍、地区+用途、类别+名词”。
The boy often wears a beautiful little red hat.那男孩经常戴着一顶漂亮的小红帽。
I met some tall black-haired Japanese friends yesterday.昨天我遇到了几个高个子、黑头发的日本朋友。
借助下列顺口溜记忆:
描绘形状大长高,再看年龄或新老;颜色国籍出材料,作用类别往后靠。
(9)带有数字的复合词语用作形容词作前置定语时,名词要用单数形式。例如:
a five-year-old boy, a seven-year old girl.
(10)一些以-able 和 -ible 结尾的形容词,一般后置。例如:
This is the only solution imaginable.这是唯一想象得到的解决方法。
(11)形容词短语作定语时要后置。例如:
The basket full of flowers is Mary's.装满花的篮子是玛丽的。
2、作表语
在英语中有一部分行为动词可用作系动词,后面应该跟形容词作表语。这类常用作系动词的行为动词有:
1)表示“变成某种状态”的动词:become,go,get,grow,prove,turn,fall,make等。例如:
When this soil is destroyed, the forest land will become sand again.当土壤被毁坏,林地又会变成沙地。
She is growing healthy. 她的身体逐渐变好了。
Potatoes went bad in the soil.土豆全都烂在地里了。
He turned pale when he heard the news.他听到这个消息,脸都变白了。
2)表示“保持某种状态”的动词:be,keep, exist, remain,stay, obtain;等。例如:
The farmers don't stay long in the same place.这些农民并不在同一个地方逗留很长的时间。
Therefore, if the tobacco companies want to remain in business, they have to encourage more young people to start smoking.因此,如果烟草公司想要继续经营下去,就必须鼓励更多的年轻人吸烟。
3)表示“感觉”的动词:smell,taste,feel, sound, look, seem, appear;等。例如:
You mean it looks strange!你是说这看起来奇怪!
I'll tell you something that does sound strange.我告诉你听起来确实有些奇怪的事。
Well, it feels strange to have a twin sister.是呀,有个孪生姐姐是觉得奇怪。
[注意]1)常作表语的形容词有:afarid,alone,alive,asleep,awake,等
He is afraid of falling behind the others. 他担心落后于其他人。
They were alive and as happy as ever. 他们都还活着,并且跟以前一样快活。
We are alone here.我们在这儿独自生活。
He waits until the children are asleep.他等到孩子们都睡着了。
It's easier to catch a sleeping lion than one that's awake.睡着的狮子比醒着的狮子容易抓一些。
2)表示下列意义的形容词,一般只作表语:sure(一定的),glad( 高兴的),sorry(难过的、遗憾的),ill(有病的),well(健康的)等。
Tom won't feel well till it's over.等到它(足球赛)结束后,汤姆才会好。
I'm sure you'll find them useful.我确信你会发现他们有用的。
I'm sorry about that argument.很抱歉那次的争论。
3)wooden,woolen,golden,silken一般不作表语。如不可说:The box is wooden但可说:This is a wooden box.这是一个木制盒子。
The grey stone towers take on a golden colour before turning pink.灰色的石塔抹上一层金黄色,然后变成粉红色。
4)不能单独作表语的形容词有:worth,worthy,fond,weekly,,monthly,yearly,wooden,woolen,golden,silken,same等。
It was worth five hundred francs at the most.它(那条项链)最多值法郎。
His suggestion is worth consideration / considering.他的建议值的考虑。
The Irish are fond of music and poems.爱尔兰人很喜欢音乐和诗歌。
It appears from Monday to Saturday with a Sunday edition of Business Weekly each week.这份报纸每周星期一到星期六出版,星期天出商业周刊版。
5)以 a-开头的形容词不能用 very 来修饰。如不说:I'm very alone.但可说:I'm much(very much)alone.不说:The boy was very asleep.但可以说: The boy was fast asleep. 不说:very awake .但可以说:wide(broad)awake。
3、作宾语补足语
I didn't find Chinese easy at first.起初,我发现汉语不容易。
The death of the president made the country sad.总统的去世使全国人民感到悲伤。
4、作状语
Strange, she should have never seen him.奇怪的是,她居然未见过他。
另外,fine,good,nice,bright,big等于and连接,位于另一个形容词之前作状语,修饰后面的形容词,其含义相当于副词very,quite。例如:
Mother is big and(=very) busy on Christmas Eve我母亲在圣诞夜前夕非常忙。
It was good and (=very)cold today.今天非常冷。
He drove the car nice and (=quite) fast.他驾驶的非常快。
5、名词化的形容词
有些形容词可以和定冠词 the 连用,表示一类人或物。这是这类形容词就成为名词化的形容词。名词化的形容词在句中主语、宾语等。如:the blind(盲人),the deaf(聋子),the living(dead)(活着的人/ 死者), the rich(富人),the poor(穷人),the young(年轻人),the old(老人),the unemployed(失业者),the wounded(伤员)等,这些名词化的形容词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
The soil is made from the dead leaves above.土壤是由上面的落叶腐烂而成的。
Many of the injured lost their sight.许多受伤者丧失了视力。
The young respect the old; the old love the young.尊老爱幼。
二、副词的基本用法
1、副词和形容词一样,在句中起修饰作用。所不同的是:形容词一般对名词起修饰作用;而副词则是对动词、形容词、句子及其它结构起修饰作用。副词一般分为时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、频度副词、程度副词和疑问副词,它们主要是作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。方位、地点副词也可作表语或后置定语。例如:
They arrived early on a Tuesday morning.他们是在一个星期二的清早到达的。(修饰arrived)
2、副词的位置与词序
1)副词在句中的位置非常灵活,可以放在句首、句未或句中。多数副词放在动词后面。如果是及物动词,则放在宾语后面。例如:
The students watched him quietly.(句末)学生静静地观察着。Quietly the students watched him .(句首)The students quietly watched him.(句中)
Very often it rains here in April.四月份这儿常常下雨。(句首) It very often rains here in April.(句中) It rains here in April very often.(句末)
2)有些副词通常只用于句首或句末,而不用于句中,如表示地点和方向的副词和表示确切时间的副词等。例如:
Here she comes! / She's coming here.她来了。
Down came the rain. / The rain came down.下雨了。
Yesterday I met him. / I met him yesterday.昨天我遇见他。
3)大多数副词既可用于句中,也可用于句末,这主要是那些方式副词和有些表示不确切时间的副词。例如:
Idon't completely agree. / I don't agree completely.我没有全部同意。
I recently saw him there. I saw him here recently.我最近在那儿见到他。
4)频度副词always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,neve ,rhardly(scarcely)等在句中通常放在行为动词前,系动词、情态动词或助动词之后。例如:
You often see musicians performing in the streets.你经常看见音乐家在街道上演奏。
I've always been interested in geography.我一直对地理感兴趣。
[注意]1)为了加强语气,可以把程度副词放在句首,其中等位于句首时,句子常用倒装结构。在构成反意疑问句时,因为它们常被看作否定词(often)除外,附加部分常用肯定形式。例如:
Seldom in all my life have I met such a determined person.在我的一生中,很少遇到这么一个有决心的人。
Never before had she carried out a brain operation.以前她从来没有动过脑手术。
2)当enough作副词修饰形容或副词作状语时,则只能位于所修饰的形容词、副词或动词之后。例如:
I'm sorry, none of you watched carefully enough很遗憾,你们当中谁都观察得不够仔细。
However, after a few hours of study you will manage to know enough to save other people's lives.然而,经过几个小时的学习后,你就会获得足够的知识去抢救别人的生命了。
3)英语里有一些副词,在汉语里通常不看作副词,因而特别容易引起误用。如:abroad(在国外),fresh(新鲜),home(家)live(实况、鲜活),that(那样),upstairs(楼上),downstairs(楼下),indoors(室内),weekend(周末),far(远),outdoors(室外)例如:
I'm not that foolish.我可不那么傻。
It'll be the biggest live concert the world has ever seen.那场音乐会将是全世界的人曾经见过的最大的一场现场直播音乐会。
On day the man upstairs heard the sound of children playing in the park.一天楼上那个人听到了孩子们在公园玩耍的声音。
三、形容词&副词的级
形容词和副词一般有三个级:原级、比较级和最高级。当它们表示“较”和“最”的意义时,要用比较级和最高级形式。比较级的基本构成形式为:“形容词 / 副词 +er ”或“ more+多音节形容词 /副词”;最高级的基本形式为:“形容词 / 副词 +est ”或“most + 多音节形容词 / 副词”。
有关比较级形式应注意以下几点:
1)以-ow,-er,-le结尾的部分双音节词,其比较级、最高级常仍通过词尾变化而构成。例如:
narrow →narrower →narrowest ;clever →cleverer →cleverest;simple →simpler → simplest
2)有些形容词由于本身的涵义,根本不用比较。这类不能用作比较的形容词常见的有:circular(环行的)daily(每日的)empty(空的)false(假的)infinite(无限的)matchless(无敌的)monthly(每月的)perfect(完美的)right(对的)round(圆的)square(正方形的)true(真的)unique(独一无二的)wooden(木制的)wrong(错的)double(双倍的)central(中间的)middle(中等的)west(西方的)dead(死的),living(活着的),excellent(优秀的)Chinese(Japanese.......中国人的, 日本人的.......)Asian(American.......亚洲的,美国的)等,也不能与very,too,enough等词连用。
3)某些形容词本身已是比较级的形式,在用作“比较”时后面应跟to,而不是than。这一类形容词常见的有:anterior(前面的)inferior(下等的)junior(年少的)senior(年长的)superior(较高的)posterior(以后的)prior(顺序在先)。例如:
The supply is equal to the demand.供求平衡。
My voice is similar to my mother's.我的嗓音与我母亲的相似。
Women are inferior to men in jumping high.女子跳高不如男子。
Mr Black is senior to me in our factory.在我们工厂里,布莱克先生的职位在我之上。
Poverty is preferable to ill-health.宁可没钱,也不可没有健康的体魄。
4)由词根派生出来的以- ly 结尾的副词及一些表示频率的时间副词构成比较级和最高级时,多半在其前分别加more 和most。例如:
slowly →more slowly →most slowly;often →more often →most often
5)有些形容词有两种不同的比较级和最高级,各有不同的含义。这类形容词常见的有:
原级
比较级
最高级
(远的)
father(较远的)
farthest(最远的)
further(较远的,进一步的)
furthest(最远的,尽量的)
(近的)
nearer(较近的)
Nearest最近的(指距离)
Next其次的(指顺序)
(迟的)
later(较迟的)
Latest最迟的,最近的(指时间)
latter(后者,居后的)
Last最后的(指顺序)
旧的,老的
older(较老的,较旧的)
oldest(最老的,最旧的)
elder(出生早的,排行居上的)
eldest(出生最早的,排行最大的)
6)注意有些形容词和副词的比较级、和最高级是不规则的。常见的有:
形容词
副 词
原级
最高级
原级
最高级
good, well
best
well
Best
bad, ill
worst
badly
worst
Many, much
most
much
most
Few
fewest
few
fewest
Little
least
little
least
Far
farthest
far
farthest(furthest)
形容词和副词的原级比较
1)表示两者在某一方面程度相同的结构:
①“as+形容词/副词(原级)+ as +比较状语从句(即比较对象)”例如:
Maths is as interesting as English.数学和英语一样有趣。
注意:表示某方不如另一方时,要用结构,
not so (as)+形容词/副词(原级)+ as +比较状语从句(即比较对象)例如:
Tom is not so active in class as Mary.汤姆在课堂上没有玛丽活跃。
He cannot do it as well as he used to.他做这个没有他过去做得好。
②当同级比较的形容词为same时,前面通常不用as,而用the。
At first, the language stayed the same as the language used in Britain.起初,这种语言同在英国使用的语言仍然相同。
Do you think his jacket is the same as mine?你认为他的茄克衫同我的一样吗?
③当同级比较的形容词与单数可数名词连用时,应注意不定冠词的位置,通常是:“as+ a(an) + 形容词+单数可数名词 + as”例如:
Exercise is as good a way as any to lose unwanted weight.运动是跟其它减肥方法一样好的方法。
This is as good as a map as any.这是一幅跟其它地图一样好的地图。
④同级比较结构还常用状语just, almost, far, three times(三倍)等修饰,这些状语应放在第一个as或so之前。例如:
After the experiment, the plant is four times as tall as it was before.在实验以后这种植物为过去高度的四倍。
2)程度不等的比较
①表示某人(某物)在某一方面超过别人或别的物体时,要用比较结构。
形容词 / 副词(比较级)+ than(连词)+比较状语从句(比较对象)例如:
Doing this more difficult in English than in Chinese.用英文写标题比用中文写标题难。
②形容词和副词的比较级前也可用much, far, a lot, no, a little, still, ever, three times等副词修饰。例如:
This book is much thicker than that one这本书比那本书厚得多.
③表示一方不及(如)另一方时,用“less+原级+than”的结构表示。要避免less与fewer的误用,less是little的比较级,应跟不可数名词。fewer是few的比较级,应跟可数名词。
The Chinese eat less sugar than many other countries in the world.中国人吃的糖比世界上其它许多国家的人(吃的糖)都少。
3)句型结构的使用
①“more and more ”表示“越来越.......”的意思。
After that more and more countries joined in the games.此后,越来越多的国家参加了比赛。
②用于比较的“the......the”结构表示“越......越.......”。
它的结构要用“the+形容词 / 副词(比较级)+其它,the+形容词 / 副词(比较级)+其它”,句中常出现倒装。
The more he explains, the more I am puzzled.他越解释,我就越糊涂。
The sooner you do it, the better it will be.你越早做那件事就越好。(愈早愈好。)
③all the + 比较级,表示“更加”的意思。
Failure is the mother of success.(失败是成功之母。)You will be all the better for your failure.
As a result, poor people became all the poorer. (因此,穷的更穷。)
4)表示“倍数”的比较级有如下几种句型:
①A is ......times +adj./adv.(比较级)+than +B. 此句型表示“A是B的...倍(大、小、高、低等)”。例如:
After the experiment,the plant is four times taller than it was before. 在实验后,这种植物为过去高度的四倍。
Line AB is 3 times longer than Line CD. AB线段是CD线段的三倍。
另外:还可以用A is......times as+adj./adv.(原级)+as B句型表示A是B的...倍。如上述例句按此句型改写为:
Line AB is 3 times as long as Line CD.
After the experiment, the plant is four times as tall as it was before.
② A is three(four,.......etc.) times the size (height, length, width,etc) of B.
The new building is four times the size(the height) of the old one.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。(这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍[高三倍])。
③A is three(four,....... etc) times as big (high, long, wide,etc) as B.
用times表示倍数,一般只限于表示包括基数在内的三倍或三倍以上的数。表示两倍可用 twice或 double。
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)
用名词表示“量”的倍数时,可用以下两个句型:
④......倍数 + more + 名词 +than ......
There are four times more books in our library than yours.我们图书馆藏书是你们的四倍。(多三倍)
⑤......倍数 + as many (as much) + 名词 + 其它+ as.......
There is three times as much water in this river as in that one.这条河的水量是那条河的三倍。
2、最高级表达形式及用法
1)三个或三个以上的人或事物相比,其中一个人或事物在某方面比其他都好,这就要使用形容词与副词的最高级。其结构为:the+形容词/副词(最高级)+其他+of(in,among)+(比较范围)例如:
This is the happiest day in my life.这是我一生中最快乐的一天。
This is one of the best novels that I have ever read.这是我所看过的小说中最好的一本。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长的河流。
2)最高级的副词和形容词的比较应该有一个范围,这个范围通常由介词of,in,among+名(代)词构成的介词短语来表示。
Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers in the school.赵小姐是学校里最受欢迎的教师之一。
Of all the students, Wangbing reads (the) most correctly.在所有的这些学生当中王冰读得最准确。
They all came early but she came (the) earliest of all.他们都来得很早,但她来得最早。
3.比较级表示最高级的几个句型:
在中学英语里,最高级表示的最常见形式是“主语+谓语+the most.......(est) + 比较范围。”除此之外,常见的表达最高级含义的比较级结构还有:
1)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than the others
This one is much larger than the others.这一个比其它大的多得多。
He is taller than the others in his class.他比班上其他人都高。
2)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than anyone (anybody, anything)else
Many years ago, there lived an emperor, who care more for fine clothes than for anything else.许多年以前,有一位皇帝,他喜爱衣服胜过任何其它东西。
He is stronger than anyone else in his class.他比班上的任何人都强壮。
His handwriting is much better than anyone else's.他的书法比其他人都好
3) 主语+谓语+比较级 + than any other +单数名词
I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject.我想汉语比任何的课程更受欢迎。
Tom is taller than any other student in our class.汤姆在我们班比其他任何一个学生都高。
India produces more films than any other country in the world.印度是世界上拍摄电影最多的国家。
4)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than any of the others.
The student has made more progress in the studies than any of the others.这个学生在学习上取得的进步比别的都快。
5)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than any other.
She is more intelligent than any others in her class.她比她班上的任何人都勤奋。
6)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级+ than + the other +复数名词
The last lesson is more difficult than the other lessons in this textbook.最后一课比课本中任何其他课都难。
7) 比较级+ than any of the other + 复数名词
The sun is nearer to us than any of the other stars.太阳比其它的行星更靠近我们。
8)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than all the others.
The Great Pyramid is bigger than all the others.大金字塔要比其它的都大。
9) No one + 谓语 + 比较级 + than sb./ sth.
No one can be more fit for his office than he is.没有人比他更称职了。
10)No other + 单数名词 + 谓语 + 比较级 + than sb./ sth.
No other river is longer than the Changjiang River in Asia.在亚洲,没有其它的河比长江长。
11)主语+谓语+比较级 + than any +单数名词
Canada is larger than any country in Asia.加拿大比亚洲任何一个国家都大。
Tokyo is larger than any city in Africa.东京比非洲任何一个城市都大。
12)主语 + 谓语 + 比较级+ than ever (before).
Today, new foods are travelling faster than ever before.今天新的食物比以往运输的更快。
As a result, the number of people who travel by plane in China is larger ever before.结果是,在中国乘飞机旅行人的数目比以往要多。
13)否定词nobody(else)/ nothing(else)/ no one (else) / not / never等 +比较级+ than
Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quiet beautiful place.在世界上没有比这更安静、更美丽的地方了。
I can't give you better advice than that.这是我所给你的最好的建议。
14)Nobody (No one, Nothing......) + 比较级+ than sb.(sth.)
Nothing is more unpleasant than to find insects in your bath.没有什么比在你的浴盆里发现虫子更令人不快了。
15)No(never.......) + 比较级+ than.......
He is no more able to read Chinese than I .他和我一样都看不懂中文。
This boxing match is no less exciting than the football match这场拳击比赛和那场足球赛一样激动人心。
一、选择题(Choose the best answer)
1.(南京市 2019 届高三年级学情调研21)You say you are innocent, but we have good reasons to think .
A.twice B. over C. aloud D. otherwise
【答案】D
【解析】考查副词的辨析。A 选项 twice:两次,两倍;B 选项 over:结束,越过,从头
到尾(注 意 over 还可以作 prep. / adj./ n. 与 v.);C 选项 aloud: 大声地,出声地;D 选
项 otherwise: 否则,另 外,在其他方面(注意 otherwise 还可以作 conj. / adj.)。根据句
意:你说你是无辜的,但是我们也 有充足的理由在其他方面作考虑。
2.(南京市 2019 届高三年级学情调研23)If we just focus on how we want the future to be, we may be to opportunities along the way.
A.equal B. close C. blind D. open
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词以及短语辨析。A 选项 be equal to: 等于,胜任,与…匹敌;B 选项:
be close to 接近,靠近;C 选项 be blind to: 对…不了解,对…视而不见;D 选项 be open
to :对…开放,愿意 接受…。根据句意:如果我们仅仅专注于我们未来想成为的样子,我
们可能会对沿途的机会视而不见。
3.(江苏省扬州中学2018届第四次模考26)As the Olympic Games edge closer,?about?140,000?people are needed. Of those, 90,000 will be employees with a _______ 50,000 volunteers.
A. further B. considerable C. massive D. tremendous
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:随着奥运会的逐渐临近,大约需要14万人。其中
9万人会是雇佣人员,另外的5万人是志愿者。further adj另外的,附加的,更多的,更进一步
的。considerable adj相当大的/相当多的。massive adj巨大的。tremendous adj巨大的。
4.(徐州市2018考前模拟25)Researchers have found that overweight but _______ healthy people are still at risk of heart disease.
A. frequently B. apparently C. originally D. absolutely
【答案】B
【解析】考查副词。根据句意:研究人员发现表面上健康的肥胖者依然有患心脏病的风险。
A频繁地;B显然地,表面上,似乎;C最初的,原始地;D绝对地。所以选择B。
5.(2018年江苏省南通,徐州等七市五月联考27)Sue was greatly inspired though she made ______ improvements in her English writing.
A. modest B. brilliant C. tremendous D. considerable
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A微小的B聪明的C巨大的D可观的;相当的,根据句意:
尽管Sue在她的英语书写上只取得了一点点小的进步,但她仍然备受鼓舞。故选A。
6.(南京师范大学附属中学2018届5月模考21) Even though the way Lin Daiyu expresses her feelings may be ________ to a modern audience, it is rooted in her character and makes who she is.
A. allergic   B. foreign   C. sensitive   D. fundamental
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A. allergic过敏的;讨厌的;B. foreign外国的;陌生的;C.
sensitive 敏感的;D. fundamental根本的,基础的。根据句意:即使林黛玉表达情感的方
式可能对现代观众来说有些陌生,但却根植于她的性格并且造就她自身。故选择B项。
7.(南京市2018届第三次模考26) The suspect was released, as the evidence was _______and, to some extent, ambiguous.
A.clear B. thin C. hard D. negative
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。大致句意为指控被取消了,因为证据不够充分。A清晰,
C坚硬牢靠,D消极的,均不符合句意,根据排除法,故选B。
8.(南京市2018届第三次模考31) The agency will make travel arrangements for you._______ , youcan organize your own transport.
A.Similarly B. Furthermore C. Instead D. Alternatively
【答案】D
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意:这个机构会帮你做好旅行安排。或者,你也可以自己
安排出行方式。根据句意,该空格表达的是选择的意思,故选D,Alternatively。
9.(北京市精华学校2018年高三考前测试14) They came back from their long walk and went into bed, .
A. tiredly but relaxing B. tired but relaxing C. tiredly but relaxed D. tired but relaxed
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词作状语。句意:他们从长距离步行后回来,就上床睡觉了,累但是很
放松。tire和relax都是及物动词,分别意为“使人疲劳”;“放松”,这里是形容词作状语说
明主语的特征,选D。
10.(江苏省启东中学2018届高三最后一模1)The language in the company’s statement is highly ________, thus making its staff confused.
A. ambiguous B. apparent C. appropriate D. aggressive
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词。句意:公司的声明中用的语言非常含糊,因此使得职员们非常困惑。
ambitious含糊的,不明确的;apparent明显的;appropriate适当的;aggressive有进取心的。
由后面的“making the staff confused”可知,公司的声明非常的含糊,故A选项正确。
11. Celine Dion, who performed wonderfully at the Spring Festival Gala, is ________ as she was 15 years ago.
A.as attractive a star B.as an attractive star
C.attractive as a star D.as attractive star
【答案】A 
【解析】Celine Dion在春节联欢晚会上表演得很精彩,她和15年前一样是一位具有吸引力的明星。as和so/how一样,修饰可数名词单数时的顺序为“as+形容词+不定冠词+可数名词单数”。故选A。
12. .—I have to say that his novel is not a bit interesting.How do you find it?
—How come?It's ________ one that I have ever read.
A. a less interesting      B.a more interesting
C.a most interesting D.the most interesting
【答案】D 
【解析】考查形容词比较级。“我不得不说他的小说一点儿也没有趣。你觉得呢?”“怎么会?它是我看过的最有趣的一部小说。”根据句意可知,此处应用形容词的最高级。故答案为D。
13. The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ______ the present one.
A.as three times big as
B.three times as big as
C.as big as three times
D.as big three times as
【答案】B 
【解析】英语中常见的表达倍数的句型有:①... times+as +adj./adv. (原级)+as...; ②...times+adj./adv.(比较级)+than... ; ③...times+the length/width/...+of...。故答案选B。
14. This restaurant wasn't ________ that other restaurant we went to.
A.half as good as B.as half good as
C.as good as half D.good as half as
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词倍数的表达。句意:这家餐馆还没有我们去过的其他餐馆的一半好呢。本题为倍数表达法之一:倍数+as+adj.原级+as+比较成分。故答案选A。
15. Finally, the two brothers climbed up the last floor, ________.
A.hungrily and tired B.hungrily and tiredly
C.hungry and tired D.hungry and tiredly
【答案】C 
【解析】考查形容词作状语。句意:最后,兄弟俩爬上了最后一层,又饿又累。此处用hungry and tired在句中作状语表状态,故答案选C。
二、句型训练(Choose the right words in brackets)
1.There was a ________ (confuse) look on her face when she met with the puzzling problem.
【答案】confused
【解析】句意:当她碰到令人困惑的问题时,她的脸上就会有一种困惑的表情。confused “困惑的”,作定语或表语时,通常和与人相关的事物连用。
2.If we leave right away, ________ (hope) we'll arrive on time.
【答案】hopefully
【解析】句意:如果我们立即出发,我们就有希望按时到达那里。根据句意和句子结构可知,这里要填的词修饰后面整个句子,所以应该用hope的副词形式hopefully。hope是名词,它的形容词和副词形式分别是hopeful/hopeless,hopefully/hopelessly。
3.The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others ________ (blind).
【答案】blindly
【解析】句意:教育的目的是教会年轻人独立思考,而不是盲目地模仿他人。此处需用副词形式修饰follow。blindly“盲目地”。
4.Of all the things I have done in my professional career, nothing has been more ________ (reward) than writing that book.
【答案】rewarding
【解析】句意:我在我的职业生涯中所做的所有事情中,没有什么能比写那本书更有意义了。rewarding “值得做的,有意义的”,符合句意。
5.It is wise to put milk on a shelf close to the bottom because it is especially ________ (sense) to temperature changes.
【答案】sensitive
【解析】句意:把牛奶放在架子接近底部的地方是明智的,因为牛奶对温度的变化尤其敏感。根据温度变化可推知应是“敏感的”,sensitive “敏感的”。
6.Some people say that every Senior 3 student is undergoing the most ________ (stress) times and with this I can't agree more.
【答案】stressful
【解析】句意:一些人说每个高三学生都在经历最有压力的时光,这点我再同意不过了。stressful “有压力的”。
7.Tony can hardly boil an egg, still ________ (little) cook dinner.
【答案】less
【解析】句意:托尼几乎不会煮蛋,更不用说做饭了。still less为固定搭配,常与否定句连用,意为“更不用说,更何况”。
8.I make $2,000 a week. 60 surely won't make ________ big a difference to me.
【答案】so/that
【解析】句意:我一星期赚2 000美元。60美元真的不会给我造成多么大的影响。“that/so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数形式”相当于“such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数形式”。
9.I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time—there are ________ (many) meaningful things to do.
【答案】more
【解析】句意:我认为每天晚上在家看电视是浪费时间——我们还有更多有意义的事情可以做。根据句意可知,这里要用比较级修饰meaningful things,故用more。
10. What is worse, pets may make too ________(many) noise and even attack people.
【答案】much
【解析】句意:更糟糕的是,宠物可能会制造太多的噪音,甚至会袭击人。noise为不可数名词,故需要用much修饰。故填much。
三、 语法填空
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2019届江西省上饶市横峰中学、铅山一中、余干一中上学期第一次联考)
There is a tradition in my school that when the College Entrance Examination is less than a month away, students in the ___1___(low) grades, from Senior 1 to Senior 2, all gather together on the ground in front of the teaching building and cheer on the Senior 3 students who are standing upstairs. It wasn't until I ___2___(person) took part in the activity that I understood the real ____3____(mean) of it.
I was in Senior 2 at the time. ___4___ that special night, all the Senior 3 students stood in the corridors (走廊) and looked down at the younger students below. ____5____ (vary) cheers started to resound throughout the school, wave after wave. “Believe in yourself! You deserve to win!”
___6___ (see) everyone's smiling faces around me, I thought of ___7___ famous quote from the American philosopher Henry David Thoreau: What you get by achieving your goals is not as important as what you become by achieving your goals.
Soon it will be my turn to ___8___(bless) in this way, ___9___ also means I will have to say goodbye to my school. Sad as it will be, being cheered on by so many students will still be one of the brightest ___50___(time) of my life.
【答案】1. lower 2. personally 3. meaning 4. On 5. Various 6. Seeing 7. a 8. be blessed 9. which 10. times
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者学校的一个传统。临近高考时,较低年级的高一和高二所有学生聚在教学楼前,向站在楼上的高三学生鼓励加油。直到作者亲自参加这项活动,才明白了它的真正意思。
1.考查比较级。句意:较低年级的高一和高二所有学生聚在教学楼前,向站在楼上的高三学生鼓励加油。根据from Senior 1 to Senior 2,可知这里指的是较低年级,用比较级,所以填lower。
2.考查副词。句意:直到我亲自参加这项活动,我才明白了它的真正意思。该空修饰动词短语took part in,用副词,所以填personally。
3.考查名词。句意:直到我亲自参加这项活动,我才明白了它的真正意思。该空作understood的宾语,用名词,所以填meaning。
4.考查介词。句意:在那个特殊的晚上,所有的高三学生站在走廊里,看着下面低年级的学生。文中表示“在那个特殊的晚上”,用介词on。
5.考查形容词。该空修饰名词cheers,应该用形容词,所以填Various。
6.考查非谓语动词。see的逻辑主语是I,它们之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词作时间状语,填Seeing。
7.考查冠词。句意:我想到了一个著名的格言。泛指“一个著名的格言”,famous的首字母发音是辅音,所以填不定冠词a。
8.考查不定式。句意:很快轮到我,被以这种方式祝福,这也意味着我将和学校说再见。“轮到我”和“祝福”之间是被动关系,用不定式的被动式,所以填be blessed。
9.考查非限制性定语从句。句意:很快轮到我,被以这种方式祝福,这也意味着我将和学校说再见。___9___ also means I will have to say goodbye to my school.作定语,修饰前面的句子,有逗号把主从句分开,所以___9___ also means I will have to say goodbye to my school.是一个非限制性定语从句,关系词在从句中作主语,指代整个主句内容,所以填which。
10.考查固定结构。句意:尽管伤心,但是被这么多同学祝福,它将是我生命中最灿烂的时光之一。one of + 可数名词复数,表示“…之一”,该结构是固定结构,所以填times。
四、 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
(南昌十中2018-2019学年上学期期中考试)
I’m Zhang Lei from China. I’m easy-going and warm-hearted, which makes its easy for me to make new friends. Energetic and responsible, I am a captain of our school football team. Reading is that I really love, both for fun and knowledge.
If I’m luckily enough to be chosen as chairman of the Students’ Union, I will spare no effort to live on to your expectations. More colourful after-school activities will be organized, which will definitely reduced pressure but enrich our school life. Consider we are studying in an international middle school, communication should be given priority. So an international club will set up, thus enhancing the understanding between the students from different country.
【答案】
1. 将its改为it 2. 将a去掉 3.将that改为what 4.将luckily改为lucky 5.将on 改为up 6.将reduced改为reduce 7.将but改为and 8.将 consider改为considering 9. 在will后添加be 10. 将coutry改为countries
【解析】
1. 考查代词。根据句意“我是来自中国的张磊。我很随和,热心,这使我很容易结交新朋友”可知its指代后面的动词不定式to make new friends…,而作形式宾语的只能是it,故把its改为it。its是形容词性物主代词,表示”它的“,根据句意,故将its改为it。
2.考查有无冠词。句意:我是学校足球队的队长。分析句意可知,学校足球队队长是独一无二的,所以不能用不定冠词a,故将a去掉。
3.考查名词从句。分析句子. Reading is that I really love, both for fun and knowledge可知,that I really love从句中的动词love缺少宾语,缺少宾语要用what,故将that改为what.
4. 考查形容词作表语。根据句意:如果我幸运地被选为学生会主席,我将不遗余力地工作来满足你的期望生活。分析句子可知,luckily作表语,做表语的应当是形容词,故将luckily改为lucky。
5. 考查固定搭配。句意:我将不遗余力地达到你的期望。live up to one’s expectations.为固定搭配,意为“不辜负某人的期望,达到某的的期望“。故将on 改为up.
6. 考查谓语动词的时态。句意:举办更多多彩的课外活动,来减轻压力和丰富我们的学校生活。分析句子可知是“课外活动减轻压力”,因此activities与reduce是主动关系,不能用被动语态。故将reduced改为reduce。
7. 考查连词。句意:根据第5小题的句意可知,减轻压力与丰富学生的生活是并列关系而非转折关系,故将but改为and 。
8. 考查连词。本句中缺少一个连词,分析句意可知,本句为“考虑到我们在国际中学学习,沟通应该优先考虑”。considering conj. 考虑到,而conside为动词,本句缺少的是连词,故将 consider改为considering.
9. 考查谓语动词的被动语态。分析句子an International club will set up可知,本句中的an International club 是被建立(set up),因此要要被动语态,故在will后添加be。
10.考查名词复数。根据句意可知,是许多不同的国家,因此要用复数, 故将coutry改为countries。