专题五 介词&介词短语（解析版+原卷版）

专题五 介词&介词短语（原卷版）
介词是一种虚词，常用来表明名词代词（或相当于名词的其它词类、短语或从句）与句中其它词的关系。介词不能单独作句子成份，而需要和它后面的名词代词构成介词短语，在句中充当定语表语状语或宾语补足语等成份。考点归纳为：1. 考查简单介词的用法及辨析
2. 考查介词短语的辨析
3、考查固定搭配在语境中的运用
一、考查简单介词的用法
【考例】(2018北京,14)—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment 　　???? next Wednesday afternoon.
for　　 B. on　　 C. in　　 D. at
【答案】A　
【解析】考查介词的用法。句意:——早上好,这里是Lee先生的办公室。——早上好,我想预约下周三下午的见面。题干中的时间状语next Wednesday afternoon前面通常不接表时间的介词,因此on, in, at都不符合,appointment for...在此处表示“……的预约”。
【考例2】(2018天津高考压轴卷,8)Star skater Wu Dajing won China’s first gold medal at the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games 　　????breaking the world record in short track men’s 500m.
to　　 B. by　　 C. with　　 D. in
?【答案】?B　
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:明星溜冰选手武大靖在2018年平昌冬季奥运会上赢得了中国第一枚金牌,打破了男子500米短道速滑的世界纪录。by doing sth. “凭借/通过做某事”,为固定搭配。根据句意可知选B。
【考例3】(2018北京西城区一模,14)Parents need to encourage kids to develop their potential 　　????putting too much pressure on them.
without　　 B. besides　　 C. by　　 D. for
【答案】??A　
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:父母需要鼓励孩子们去发展他们的潜能,不要在他们身上施加太多的压力。由前面的“鼓励孩子”可知,后面应该否定“施加压力”,without意为“没有”,符合语境。without doing sth.没有做某事,故答案为A。
【考例4】(2018北京东城区一模,13)Electric cars produce about 80 percent less pollution than cars　　????gas-powered motors.
from　　 B. by　　 C. for　　 D. with
【答案】?D　
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:与燃油汽车相比电动汽车可减少80%的污染。此处表示“装有”,需用介词with。
【考例5】(2018北京朝阳区一模,8)Your red coat looks so good. It stands out clearly　　????the snow.
across　　 B. against　　 C. through　　 D. over
【答案】B　
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:你的红色外套看上去非常好。它在雪的映衬下显得格外醒目。against以……为背景,衬托;across横穿;through 穿过;over超过,在……的上方。根据句意可知选B。
【考例6】(2018江苏姜堰、溧阳、前黄高三联考,33) —Does this T-shirt fit you well?
—Not so perfect, but a little tight 　　???? the shoulders.
at　　 B. on　　 C. to　　 D. across
【答案】D　
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:——这件T恤很合身吗?——不是太完美,肩部有点紧。across“在(身体某部位)上”,符合语境,故为答案。
【考例7】(2018北京101中学三月月考,15)Just hang the towel　　????the back of the chair so that it will dry soon.
over　　 B. behind　　 C. with　　 D. from
【答案】A????
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:把毛巾挂在椅背上,这样它很快就会晾干。over在……上面;be-hind在……后面;with用,随着;from来自。此处表示“在椅背上面”,故选A。
【考例8】（2017·天津卷12）When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _____ trees that are over 1,000 years old.
A. among B. against C. behind D. below
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：当你开车穿过加州的红木森林时，你将会位于超过百年历史的树木之间。 be among 位于之间； be against 反对； be behind 在后面； be below在之下。根据句意，故选A。
【考例9】（2017·北京卷35）Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry.
A. at B. in C. on D. by
【答案】 B
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in,不用by,因为by后面通常接做什么事情来谋生，此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里，在这个行业里谋生，用in，故选B。
【考例10】(2017北京海淀区二模,31)With the development of economy, our income has increased 　???????? 10% in less than a year.
for　　 B. by　　 C. on　　 D. at
【答案】?B???
【解析】考查介词辨析。?句意:随着经济的发展,我们的收入在不到一年的时间里增长了10%。by表示数量的增减程度。for为了;on有关;at(用于速度、比率等)以,达。
【方法探究】 考查的介词有一大部分是表示方位、范围的，这就涉及到一些表示方位的介词，这时可以根据其汉语意思来解答此类试题。
★知识链接★
表示时间的介词
1）at，on，in
表示“在......时间”at用来表示一点时间在记时上表示钟点表示过几分，表示差或缺几分，在美国英语中也可用来代替。表示破晓、黎明、正午、子夜、日出日落等时，含有时间上一点的概念。 例如：
at breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner
At 5:13 on the morning of April 18th, 1906, the city of San Francisco was shaken by a terrible earthquake.在1906年，四月18日的清晨5点13分，旧金山城市遭受了一场可怕的地震。
They are now at breakfast, talking about the plan for their trip.他们正在吃早饭,谈论着他们旅行的计划。
in常用于上午、下午、晚上及表示季节、月份、年份等名词前，所指时间可长可短的时间段。
They'll have a meeting at nine in the morning.他们将在上午九点钟开会。
on用于特殊的日期或某日的上午、下午或晚上等。试比较：
They arrived early on a Tuesday morning.他们是在一个星期二的清早到达的。
There'll be a strong wind on the evening of June 6th.6月6日傍晚将有一场大风。
They enjoyed themselves very much on Children's Day.儿童节那天他们玩得非常开心。
in+一段时间+’s time与 within+一段时间 after+点时间
We'll meet in a week's time(=in a week)
in six days’ time(=in six days)(将来时)
within six days=in less than．．．(各种时态)
for与during+一段时间 since+点时间
since作介词时，后接表示过去时间点的名词、代词、动名词;作连词时，后接一般过去时的从句;在含有since的句子，谓语动词用现在完成时。例:
I haven't received his letters since he left.自从他走后, 我一直没有收到他的信。
He has studied English since two years ago.两年前他就开始学英语了。
对since的句子提问用how long.for后跟时间段。例:
He hasn't come home for thirty years.他已三十年没有回家了。
He has lived in Qingdao for 10 years。他住在青岛已经十年了。during后跟时间段。例:
During the summer holidays we went swimming every day.
There he stayed during／for the first two days．
She has stayed there since last year．
before，after，in
表示“时间先后”的before和after表示“某一时刻之前和之后”。例如：
Come and see me tomorrow any time before eleven.你可以在明天上午十一点以前的任何时候来看我。
You may play football after school.放学之后你们可以踢足球。
in一般表示“从现在或说话时刻算起某一段时间之后”，用于将来时；after则表示：1）以过去为起点的某一段时间之后，用于过去时；2）与时间点连用，表示将来某个时间之后。试比较：
He will be back in a few days.他几天之后就回来。
He left on Monday and returned after three days.他星期一走的，三天后回来的。
He will be back after two o'clock.两点之后他将回来。
另外，“in+时间段”也可作“在.......之内”解。例如：
It's difficult to draw a horse well in half an hour.半小时之内画好一匹马是困难的。
表示地点的介词
at，in，on
表示地点的介词。at一般是指比较小的地点和某种活动场所，或把一个地方看作一个点（不涉及大小）at the school gate， at the second crossing， at the bus stop， at the top of the paper，at the cinema， at 103 Wall Street， at the traffic lights。例如：
A farmer arrives at a woman's house.一位农民来到一位妇女的家里。
How long have you been at this school? 你在这所学校呆了多久？
on表示：1）某东西在一个平面上（包括竖着的平面）。例如：
on the floor/ground/table/chair，on the wall， on the moon， on my head， on page seven。
2）某东西接触或接近一条线或类似一条线的东西（如河流、道路、边界等）on a small river， on the road， on my way to school。例如：
There was a big smile on her face. 她脸上充满笑容。
I'd like to take a boat on the River Nile.我喜欢在尼罗河上乘船。
in主要表示在某一区域或某一立体空间。如：in a country / city / town /village / garden / park / zoo，in the room / house / building / box，in the sky，in the sea， in the sun， in the middle of the day。
One day the man upstairs’ heard the sound of children playing in the park.一天楼上那个人听到了孩子们在公园玩耍的声音。
表示“方位”的介词。in表示在某一地域地区之内的某方位（属于该范围）；to表示在某一地域地区之外的某方位（不属该范围）；on表示与某地相邻的关系。这三个词表达位置关系恰似数学中圆的“包含（in）、相离（to），相切（on）关系”。例如：
Taiwan is in the southeast of China.台湾位于中国东南部。
England lies to the west of France.英国位于法国的西方。
Hunan is on the east of Guizhou.湖南在贵州东面。
above; over; on
表示“上下”的介词on和over都表示在一物体上。但前者强调两物相接触，而后者强调覆盖这一物体。例如：
The children are drawing some pictures on the blackboard.孩子们正在黑板上画一些画。
There's a picture on the wall.墙上有一幅画。
over表示在某人或某物的正上方，反义词是under; above表示位置高于某人或某物，但不一定是正上方，反义词below，over和above都可用来表示高于(= higher than).如果要表示覆盖或越过时，则用over.例如：
Later, we ate our picnic under some trees.后来，我们在一些树下野餐。
The water came up over / above our knees.水已涨至我们膝盖之上。
[注意]：指数量时，我们一般用over(= more than)表示超过；但如果指上下垂直的度量及海拔高度时，要用above。例如：
The temperature will stay above zero in the daytime.白天温度将保持在零度以上。
across; through；over;
表示“通过、经过”的介词。这三个介词across; over和through都可用“通过、穿过，”解，但侧重点不同。across的含义与on有关，表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行的。例如：
It took them six weeks to walk across the great desert.他们花了六周时间才走了那个大沙漠。
through的含义与in有关，表示动作是在某一物体的空间里进行的。例如：
The students walked through the gates with Uncle Wang.学生们和王大叔一走穿过大门。
We can't travel through the forest by road.我们不能从陆路穿过森林。
over表示动作在某物体的上方进行，译为“越过”。例如：
Then we took off low a part of forest.随后我们的飞机起飞了，飞过部分森林上空。
表示方式 by; in; with;
表示方式、手段的 介词，表示“用”。三者均可表示“用”、“以”的意思，但用法不同。
by后常接动名词、名词，是指靠“某种方法、手段”来完成谓语的动作，或借助于某种交通工具。in后接名词，表示用某种方式、语言、风格等。另外用来与way构成in this / that/ a....... way表示“用.......方法”；一般多与一些抽象化了的名词搭配。如果这些名词前加上冠词，成为有形的、具体的东西，就要用介词with；write with a pencil（用铅笔写）。with 后接有形的、具体的东西。例如：
Learn to swim by swimming.在游泳中学习游泳。
You shouldn't have treated the matter in the wrong way.你不该用错误的方法来对待这件事。
Guo Mo-ro began to write in poem.郭沫若以诗歌的形式开始了他的文学生涯。
An English teacher should try to teach in English.英语教师应尽量用英语教学。
It's impolite to write a letter in red.用红笔写信是不礼貌的。
Genuine friendship can not be bought with money.真正的友谊是无法用金钱买到的。
besides; but; except; except for;
表示“除......以外”的介词。besides作“除了...以外，还有...”解，它强调部分包括在整体之内。例如：
Everybody laughed besides John.(John 包括在everybody之内)除了约翰外，每个人都笑了。
I can see how English is used in everyday life as well. Besides I enjoy learning about new things form politics to sports.我还可以看到日常生活中是怎样使用英语的。此外，我还喜欢了解从政治到体育、音乐的新动态。
but.(prep)作“除了...外”解，相当于except,但but常与否定词、next, last及部分形容词最高级连用后接名词、代词和不定式。例如：
I did nothing but write a letter this morning.今天早晨除写了一封信外，我什么都没有做。
He wanted nothing but to have a chance to try it.除了有机会试一试外，他别无所求。
注释：but后接不定式时，何时带to要依据前面动词是否有do而定。即有do不带to,无do要带to.(看上述例如)
except作“除...以外”解，强调从整体中除去一部分，不能放在句首，后可接名词、代词或从句。多指对同类事的排除。例如：
Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao.除了林涛外，大家都到齐了。
except for作“除了...外，只...”解。它强调从整体中排除一部分，是对主语的内容起到修正的作用，指对非同类事物的排除。例如：
Your composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.你的作文写得很好，除了几年拼写错误。(composition与mistakes不同类)
考查介词短语的辨析
【考例1】（2018·天津11）Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________.
A. at first B. after all C. above all D. at random
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词短语辨析及语境理解。句意：鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会，因为他得写一份报告，但它终究还是去了。At first起初；after all毕竟，终究；above all首先；at random随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知，与前面的情况相反，故答案选B。
【考例2】（2018·江苏33）China’s soft?power?grows?_______ the?increasing?appreciation?
and?understanding of China globally.
A. in line with B. in reply to C. in return for D. in honour of
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A. in line with按照；与...一致；B. in reply to答复；C. in return for作为 ... 的报酬；D. in honour of为纪念。故选A。
【考例3】（2017·天津卷13）We offer an excellent education to our students. ________, we expect students to word hard. .
A. On average B. At best C. in return D. After all
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：我们给学生提供最好的教育，作为回报，我们希望学
生努力学习。on average平均；at best至多；in return作为回报；after all毕竟；句意表达的
是我们希望学生能够用努力学习作为回报．故选C。
【考例4】（2017·江苏卷32）.Determining where we are _______ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
A. in contrast to B. in defense of C. in face of D. in relation to
【答案】D
【解析】考查介词短语的辨析。A. in contrast to对比，截然不同；B. in defense of为……
辩护；C. in face of面对；D. in relation to与……有关。句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍
然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。故选D。
【考例5】（2016·天津2）The dictionary is ______: many words have been added to the language since it was published.
A. out of control B. out of date C. out of sight D. out of reach
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。这本字典过时了，自从它出版后，很多单词加入到了语言中。out of control失控；out of date过时；out of sight；不在视线内（Out of sight，out of mind．眼不见，心不烦）；out of reach，够不着，拿不到。根据句意，答案选B。
【考例6】（2016·浙江6）That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help .______, he's reliable.
A. Or else B. In short C. By the way D. For one thing
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意为：那个年轻人诚实而且善于合作，总是在你需要帮助的时候出现。总之，他是可靠的。or else否则，要不然；in short总之，简言之；by the way顺便说一下；for one thing一方面。 根据句意可知答案为B。
【方法探究】关于介词短语的相关题目，一般采用将介词短语置入句子，并进行逐一翻译的方法。解决此类题目的关键就是平时多积累相关知识，然后读懂题干的含义。
★知识链接★
几组常见的介词短语
(1)out of＋名词
out of question毫无疑问；out of the question不可能；out of order次序颠倒；out of sight看不见；out of place不合适；out of pity出于同情；out of curiosity出于好奇
(2)in＋名词
in power掌权；in good condition状态良好；in despair绝望地；in public/secret公开地/秘密地；in tears哭泣；in good/bad repair保养得好/不好；in charge负责，掌管；in a hurry 匆忙
in anger生气；in trouble有困难
(3)in＋名词＋介词
in case of以防万一；in honor of为了纪念……；in favor of支持；in memory of为了纪念……；in charge of负责；in terms of从……角度；in need of需要；in praise of表扬；in view of鉴于；in return for作为对……的回报；in response to对……的答复或反应
(4)under＋名词
under control受控；under attack遭到攻击；under way在进行中；under discussion在讨论；under consideration在讨论/考虑中
(5)at＋名词
at work在工作；at play在玩耍；at dinner在吃饭；at ease轻松，自由自在；at war 在打仗
(6)on＋名词
on fire着火； on purpose故意地； on duty值日；on the phone在打电话；on leave在休假； on holiday在度假；on a walk在散步；on the rise/fall上升/下降；on sale出售；on show/exhibition展出；on business 出差；on one’s way to在去……的路上；on a visit/trip/tour出行
(7)to one’s＋情感名词
to one’s surprise令某人惊讶的是；to one’s joy使某人高兴的是；to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是；to one’s delight使某人高兴的是
易错常考介词和介词搭配
of +抽象名词=形容词
of +great +抽象名词=形容词
of +no +抽象名词=形容词
It is of great value =It is very valuable.
It is of no use =It is not useful.
三、考查固定搭配
【考例1】（2018 新课标III卷）I was searching ____67____ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.
【答案】for
【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。
【考例2】—Dave didn't respond ________any of my emails.
—Something _______have happened to him.
A.?on; must?????????????????????????B.?with; could?????????????????????????C.?for; could?????????????????????????D.?to; must
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定搭配 句意：—我的邮件戴芙一封也没回复。—他肯定有什么事情。respond to固定短语，“回应”；must have done固定短语“肯定做过”，表示对过去情况的肯定推测。选D。
【考例3】______ his son away to college, the old couple got more room in the house.
A.?As???????????????????????????????????B.?For???????????????????????????????????C.?Through???????????????????????????????????D.?With
【答案】D
【解析】with的复合结构 句意：随着儿子出去上大学，这对老夫妻在家有了更多的空间。As当……时候，因为（其后要接句子），for为了，through通过, with随着（表示伴随，其所描述的动作与主句的动作几乎同时发生），故选D。
【考例4】As far as I know, the little boy has a strong desire ________ knowledge.
【答案】for
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：据我所知这个小男孩对知识有一个强烈的渴望。have a strong desire for对---有一个强烈的渴望。故答案为for。
【方法探究】 关于介词的固定搭配，在解答试题时，要注意从句子中找出中心词汇，也就是这个词和选项中的词能够构成一个固定搭配，符合句子意思，这样问题就会很快解决。
★知识链接★
①动词+介词
ask for(请求；向……要) arrive in／at(到达)；belong to(属于) knock at／on(敲门) live on(以……为主食；靠……生活)point at／to(指着……／指向) stand by／for(与……站在一起／代表)
②动词+ 副词+介词
do well in(在……方面干得好)break away from(从……脱离) do away with(废除) catch up with(赶上)come down with(患上)put up with(忍受) go on with(继续……) keep up with(跟上)add up to(总计)drop in on(顺便看望某人) get away from(从……逃离) get down to(着手进行……)date back to(始于) come up to(达到) hold on to(坚持；抓牢) write back to(给……回信)look forward to(盼望) run out of(用完；耗尽)get out of(摆脱；从……出来) go in for(喜爱；参加)make up for(弥补)look down on／upon(轻视)work hard at(努力干……)get along／on with(进行／进展……)
③动词 +(名代) +介词
catch sight of(看到……) fix one’s eyes on／upon(注视／盯着)give a lesson to(教训)have words with(与……吵架)make friends with(与……交朋友) make fun of(取笑)make room for(为……腾地方)pay attention to(注意)say hello to(向……问好) shake hands with(与……握手)show sb．around(带……参观)take care of(照顾)take part in(参加)take the place of(替代)take pride in(以……自豪)remember me to(代我向……问好)devote oneself to(献身于……)
④名词+介词
advice on／about(关于……的忠告)the answer to(……的答案)the key to(……的钥匙) a chance of(……的机会)an entrance to(……的入口) knowledge of(对……的了解)the matter with(……有毛病) objection to(反对……)pay for(……的付款) (a)pity at／for／on(对……的怜悯)plenty of(许多) return to(返回……)success in(……方面的成功)thanks to(幸亏)thanks for(……的感谢) a visit to(对……拜访／参观)
⑤名词 +介词 +名词
arm in arm(手挽手) back to back(背靠背)day after day(日复一日)the day after tomorrow(后天)
the day before yesterday(前天)day by day(逐日)face to face(面对面)hand in hand(手拉手)heart to heart(推心置腹) one by one(依次) step by step(逐步)ten to one(十有八九)
⑥介词+名词 +介词
on account of(因为) at the age of(在……岁时)at the beginning of(在……开始) in charge of(负责……)during the course of(在……期间) in favor of(赞成)in honor of someone(为表示对某人的敬意) in memory of(为纪念……)in need of(需要) in search of(寻找)by the side of(在……旁边) in spite of(尽管……)by accident／chance(偶然地) for ages(好久)；of an／one age(周岁)
after all(毕竟) in all／in total(总计)with care(小心地) under construction(在建设中)
on the contrary(相反地) out of control(失控)under control(在控制下) at／in the corner(在拐角处／在角落里)against one's will(违背某人意愿地) out of date(过时的) on duty(在值班) at hand(在手头)by hand(用手) in a hurry(匆忙地)in no hurry(不急不忙地) on the left／right(在左／右边)to the left／right(向左，右边) by no means(决不)by this means(以这种方式) in／out of order(依次地／混乱)at(sb．’s)pleasure(随意地) for pleasure(为了消遣)with pleasure(高兴地) in／out of pocket(赚／赔钱)off／from／beside the point(不切题)to the point／purpose(切题)over／on the radio(通过收音机) on radio(与无线电有关)for sale(待出售) on sale(出售) after／at school(放学后，在学校) at／by sea(当水手／乘船)in／out of sight(看得见／看不见) for／in size(按大小／在尺寸方面)by the way(顺便说) in the way(挡道)in sb．'s／the way(妨碍某人) at will(随意)to sb．'s delight／joy/regret／surprise(令人高兴／快乐／后悔／吃惊……)
⑦形容词/分词等+介词
(be)absent from(缺席……) according to(根据……)afraid of／for(害怕……／替……担心) angry about／at(为某事生气)angry with／about(与某人，事生气) anxious about／for(担忧／渴求)bad／good at(在……方面差／好) good for／to(对……有益处／友好)busy with(忙于某事) certain／sure about／of(确信……)(be)close to(靠近……) engaged in／to(从事……／与……订婚)equal to(与……相等) famous／known for／to(因……著名／为……所知)kind of／to(对……友好) (be)fit／suitable for(适与……／与……适合)ready for(准备好……) rich in／with(富于……)rude to／of(sb．)(对……粗鲁) sad about／at／over／with(为……悲伤)terrified at/by/with(被……吓一跳) worthy of(值得／配得上……)worried about／by(担心／为……困忧) strict with sh．／in sth． (对……严格)
选择题（Choose the best answer）
1.（南京市 2019 届高三年级学情调研） Some animal protectors are seen as being two-faced about animal welfare __________the way they treat domestic animals.
A.in need of B. in view of C. in search of D. in favour of

2. (2018天津河东区一模,6)It was nice and warm that evening. I stayed awake　　???? until eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.
A. on average　　 B. on purpose C. on business　　 D. on time

3.(2018天津十二所重点中学高三一联,4)A grand banquet was held by Elizabeth Ⅱ 　　????President Xi’s current state visit to the UK.
A. in terms of　　 B. in honor of C. in favor of　　 D. in memory of

4.(2018天津滨海新区七所重点学校毕业联考,18)　　???? he was 12, Einstein had learned advanced mathematics by himself.
A. The first time　　 B. At the time C. By the time　　 D. During the time

5.(2018天津南开中学4月月考,9)—Why does he always look unhappy? He’s very successful in every aspect.
—It is wrong to try to judge happiness　　????worldly success.
A.in terms of　　 B. in honor of C. in case of　　 D. in spite of

6.(2018江苏扬州、南通、徐州等市三模,33)The new system introduced last month is not working very effectively　　????professional training.
A.in place of　　 B. in case of C. in terms of　　 D. in defense of

7.（江苏省扬州中学2018届第四次模考21）______ all the texts that are written, stored and sent electronically, a lot of them are still ending up on paper.
A. From B. For C. Although D. As

8.（江苏省扬州中学2018届第四次模考27）The president spoke _______ about job creation and other issues that affect the lives of ordinary Americans so that they could know about every detail.
A. at random B. at will C. at length D. at hand

9.（徐州市2018考前模拟34）Cutter hadn’t been so insistent _______ these details that afterwards she felt embarrassed about her haste and casualness.
A. in?regard?to B. on the basis of C. in light of D. on account of

10.（2018年江苏省南通,徐州等七市五月联考33）The new system introduced last month is not working very effectively ______ professional training.
A. in place of B. in case of C. in terms of D. in defense of

11.（南京市2018届第三次模考27）—Can you put me _______aboutthe World Cup Football Match?
—Sorry. I myself know nothingabout it.
A．in the air B. on the move C.in the picture D .on the post

12.（江苏省苏锡常镇四市2018届5月调研33） —Does Jack still hang about every day?
—No, he has mended his ways. After his father died, he set his hand to his business and has already put it .
A. in order B. in chaos C. in effect D. in store

13.（北京中国人民大学附属中学2018届高三考前热身7） --- I have been working for more than 30 years! I’m going to retire next month.
--- Really? You don’t look a day 50!
A. over B. by C. with D. for

14.（江苏省启东中学2018届高三最后一模 14）Before real estate control policies were introduced, people hoped that their income would be increased ________ the rise in housing prices.
A. in touch with B. in anticipation of C. in line with D. in combination of

15.（天津市第一中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考 2）Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you the tough years.
A. through B. up C. with D. from

16.（天津市耀华中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考6）
. --- How did your brother lose so much weight?
--- ________ eating less, he walked five miles every day.
A. In terms of B. In spite of C. In addition to D. With regard to

17.(2017天津红桥区二模,6)—It seems a little ugly to me.
—　　????, I think it’s rather beautiful.
A.In other words　　 B. On the other hand C. On the contrary 　　D. In a nutshell

18.(2017北京海淀区一模,23)Your attitude 　　???? life determines how happy or unhappy you are.
A.towards　　 B. with　　 C. on　　 D. for

19..(2017天津和平区一模,4)The debate here will be limited in two main respects, 　　???? the time available.
A.in view of　　 B. in return for C. in addition to　　 D. in comparison with

20.(2017·常州高三一模)________what many people think，HIV cannot be spread through mosquitoes，a cough or sneeze，or by merely touching someone with Aids.
A．Based on　　 B．Contrary to C．Apart from D．Regardless of

二、句型训练（Choose the right words in brackets）
1.It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner. ________ the meanwhile, I'll set the table.

2.I am always delighted when I receive an e-mail from you. ________ regard to the party on July 1st, I shall be pleased to attend.

3.The Smiths are praised ________ the way they bring up their children.

4.—I'm looking for a nearby place for my holiday. Any good ideas?
—How about the Moon Lake? It is ________ easy reach of the city.

5.Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library ________ a book about it.

6.Mr.Brown said he was by no means annoyed; ________ the contrary, he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.

7.China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ________ the benefit of all its citizens.

8.Don't be angry any more. I'm sure he ignored you by accident and not ________ design.

9.When he was 30, back in 1953, he was working ________ a research assistant in the university.

10.People race around the streets of Jinghong and the surrounding villages, soaking (浸透) every person ________ sight with buckets of water.

完形填空
（安徽省合肥市2019届高三上学期调研性检测）Until a few years ago, I had what most people would call a good life. I had a ____1____ job that paid the bills; I had a good family that I was close to, and I had a place to live and money in the bank for trips and ____2____, and there was nothing much wrong in my life. ____3____, I was bored.
I wanted more. I wanted to live ____4____ and loudly and make sharp memories instead of the ____5____ ones of everyday life. But I was ____6____. I’ve never had any ____7____ in myself. As a child, even buying something in a shop caused me a great deal of ____8____, and even though I did get better as I got older, I never quite ____9____ that childhood shyness.
And I tried everything, like reading books about confidence. I took tiny steps leading to my goals. But none of them really ____10____.
So I ____11____ that the small steps weren’t enough. I signed up for an internship（实习期）teaching English in Vietnam, an ____12____ huge step, one that ____13____ me as much as it excited me. And then the day came and I left my home and my loved one. I was alone in a country where the food was ____14____ and the streets were dirty. I had no idea whether I would be able to ____15____ everything this very strange environment would ____16____ at me.
I spent five months in Vietnam, teaching and exploring and laughing. I’d learned to ____17____ myself, my skills, my abilities and my decisions. I returned home ____18____, even to myself, let alone to others. The ____19____ that had controlled my life and the self-doubt were completely ____20____.
That one big chance changed everything for me, and in me.
1. A. stable B. temporary C. difficult D. demanding
2. A. tips B. rewards C. treats D. fines
3. A. Thus B. Instead C. Otherwise D. However
4. A. easily B. brightly C. peacefully D. modestly
5. A. bitter B. clear C. gray D. sweet
6. A. proud B. innocent C. outgoing D. afraid
7. A. pride B. confidence C. interest D. shame
8. A. stress B. excitement C. confusion D. surprise
9. A. added to B. talked about C. got over D. suffered from
10. A. continued B. survived C. failed D. helped
11. A. decided B. promised C. predicted D. disagreed
12. A. equally B. impossibly C. unnecessarily D. occasionally
13. A. ignored B. impressed C. annoyed D. terrified
14. A. nice B. colorful C. strange D. adequate
15. A. doubt B. handle C. quit D. obtain
16. A. point B. throw C. shout D. aim
17. A. trust B. enjoy C. excuse D. forgive
18. A. unconcerned B. unsatisfied C. unchangeable D. unrecognizable
19. A. fear B. respect C. courage D. anger
20. A. picked up B. forgotten about C. worn away D. put off

四、语法填空
（陕西省榆林市2018届高考模拟第一次测试）
The clock struck eleven at night. The whole house was quiet. Everyone was in bed ___1___ me. Under the strong light, I looked sadly before me at several ___2___ (pile) of that troublesome
stuff they call “books”.
I was going to have my examination the next day. “___3___ can I go to bed?” I asked ___4___ (I). I didn’t answer, In fact I dared not.
The clock struck twelve. “Oh, dear!” I cried. “Ten more books to read before I can go to bed!” We pupils are the most ___5___ ( happy) creatures in the world. Dad does not agree with me on this. He did not have to work so hard when he was ___6___ boy.
The clock struck one. I was quite desperate now. I forgot all I ___7___ (learn). I was too tired to go on. I did the only thing I could. I prayed, “Oh, God, please help me pass the exam tomorrow. I do promise ___8___ (work) hard afterwards, Amen.” My eyes ___9___ (be) so heavy that I could hardly open them. A few minutes later, with my head on the desk, I fell ___10___ (sleep).


专题五 介词&介词短语（解析版）
介词是一种虚词，常用来表明名词代词（或相当于名词的其它词类、短语或从句）与句中其它词的关系。介词不能单独作句子成份，而需要和它后面的名词代词构成介词短语，在句中充当定语表语状语或宾语补足语等成份。考点归纳为：1. 考查简单介词的用法及辨析
2. 考查介词短语的辨析
3、考查固定搭配在语境中的运用
一、考查简单介词的用法
【考例】(2018北京,14)—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment 　　???? next Wednesday afternoon.
for　　 B. on　　 C. in　　 D. at
【答案】A　
【解析】考查介词的用法。句意:——早上好,这里是Lee先生的办公室。——早上好,我想预约下周三下午的见面。题干中的时间状语next Wednesday afternoon前面通常不接表时间的介词,因此on, in, at都不符合,appointment for...在此处表示“……的预约”。
【考例2】(2018天津高考压轴卷,8)Star skater Wu Dajing won China’s first gold medal at the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games 　　????breaking the world record in short track men’s 500m.
to　　 B. by　　 C. with　　 D. in
?【答案】?B　
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:明星溜冰选手武大靖在2018年平昌冬季奥运会上赢得了中国第一枚金牌,打破了男子500米短道速滑的世界纪录。by doing sth. “凭借/通过做某事”,为固定搭配。根据句意可知选B。
【考例3】(2018北京西城区一模,14)Parents need to encourage kids to develop their potential 　　????putting too much pressure on them.
without　　 B. besides　　 C. by　　 D. for
【答案】??A　
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:父母需要鼓励孩子们去发展他们的潜能,不要在他们身上施加太多的压力。由前面的“鼓励孩子”可知,后面应该否定“施加压力”,without意为“没有”,符合语境。without doing sth.没有做某事,故答案为A。
【考例4】(2018北京东城区一模,13)Electric cars produce about 80 percent less pollution than cars　　????gas-powered motors.
from　　 B. by　　 C. for　　 D. with
【答案】?D　
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:与燃油汽车相比电动汽车可减少80%的污染。此处表示“装有”,需用介词with。
【考例5】(2018北京朝阳区一模,8)Your red coat looks so good. It stands out clearly　　????the snow.
across　　 B. against　　 C. through　　 D. over
【答案】B　
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:你的红色外套看上去非常好。它在雪的映衬下显得格外醒目。against以……为背景,衬托;across横穿;through 穿过;over超过,在……的上方。根据句意可知选B。
【考例6】(2018江苏姜堰、溧阳、前黄高三联考,33) —Does this T-shirt fit you well?
—Not so perfect, but a little tight 　　???? the shoulders.
at　　 B. on　　 C. to　　 D. across
【答案】D　
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:——这件T恤很合身吗?——不是太完美,肩部有点紧。across“在(身体某部位)上”,符合语境,故为答案。
【考例7】(2018北京101中学三月月考,15)Just hang the towel　　????the back of the chair so that it will dry soon.
over　　 B. behind　　 C. with　　 D. from
【答案】A????
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:把毛巾挂在椅背上,这样它很快就会晾干。over在……上面;be-hind在……后面;with用,随着;from来自。此处表示“在椅背上面”,故选A。
【考例8】（2017·天津卷12）When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _____ trees that are over 1,000 years old.
A. among B. against C. behind D. below
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：当你开车穿过加州的红木森林时，你将会位于超过百年历史的树木之间。 be among 位于之间； be against 反对； be behind 在后面； be below在之下。根据句意，故选A。
【考例9】（2017·北京卷35）Many people who live along the coast make a living _______ fishing industry.
A. at B. in C. on D. by
【答案】 B
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用介词in,不用by,因为by后面通常接做什么事情来谋生，此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里，在这个行业里谋生，用in，故选B。
【考例10】(2017北京海淀区二模,31)With the development of economy, our income has increased 　???????? 10% in less than a year.
for　　 B. by　　 C. on　　 D. at
【答案】?B???
【解析】考查介词辨析。?句意:随着经济的发展,我们的收入在不到一年的时间里增长了10%。by表示数量的增减程度。for为了;on有关;at(用于速度、比率等)以,达。
【方法探究】 考查的介词有一大部分是表示方位、范围的，这就涉及到一些表示方位的介词，这时可以根据其汉语意思来解答此类试题。
★知识链接★
表示时间的介词
1）at，on，in
表示“在......时间”at用来表示一点时间在记时上表示钟点表示过几分，表示差或缺几分，在美国英语中也可用来代替。表示破晓、黎明、正午、子夜、日出日落等时，含有时间上一点的概念。 例如：
at breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner
At 5:13 on the morning of April 18th, 1906, the city of San Francisco was shaken by a terrible earthquake.在1906年，四月18日的清晨5点13分，旧金山城市遭受了一场可怕的地震。
They are now at breakfast, talking about the plan for their trip.他们正在吃早饭,谈论着他们旅行的计划。
in常用于上午、下午、晚上及表示季节、月份、年份等名词前，所指时间可长可短的时间段。
They'll have a meeting at nine in the morning.他们将在上午九点钟开会。
on用于特殊的日期或某日的上午、下午或晚上等。试比较：
They arrived early on a Tuesday morning.他们是在一个星期二的清早到达的。
There'll be a strong wind on the evening of June 6th.6月6日傍晚将有一场大风。
They enjoyed themselves very much on Children's Day.儿童节那天他们玩得非常开心。
in+一段时间+’s time与 within+一段时间 after+点时间
We'll meet in a week's time(=in a week)
in six days’ time(=in six days)(将来时)
within six days=in less than．．．(各种时态)
for与during+一段时间 since+点时间
since作介词时，后接表示过去时间点的名词、代词、动名词;作连词时，后接一般过去时的从句;在含有since的句子，谓语动词用现在完成时。例:
I haven't received his letters since he left.自从他走后, 我一直没有收到他的信。
He has studied English since two years ago.两年前他就开始学英语了。
对since的句子提问用how long.for后跟时间段。例:
He hasn't come home for thirty years.他已三十年没有回家了。
He has lived in Qingdao for 10 years。他住在青岛已经十年了。during后跟时间段。例:
During the summer holidays we went swimming every day.
There he stayed during／for the first two days．
She has stayed there since last year．
before，after，in
表示“时间先后”的before和after表示“某一时刻之前和之后”。例如：
Come and see me tomorrow any time before eleven.你可以在明天上午十一点以前的任何时候来看我。
You may play football after school.放学之后你们可以踢足球。
in一般表示“从现在或说话时刻算起某一段时间之后”，用于将来时；after则表示：1）以过去为起点的某一段时间之后，用于过去时；2）与时间点连用，表示将来某个时间之后。试比较：
He will be back in a few days.他几天之后就回来。
He left on Monday and returned after three days.他星期一走的，三天后回来的。
He will be back after two o'clock.两点之后他将回来。
另外，“in+时间段”也可作“在.......之内”解。例如：
It's difficult to draw a horse well in half an hour.半小时之内画好一匹马是困难的。
表示地点的介词
at，in，on
表示地点的介词。at一般是指比较小的地点和某种活动场所，或把一个地方看作一个点（不涉及大小）at the school gate， at the second crossing， at the bus stop， at the top of the paper，at the cinema， at 103 Wall Street， at the traffic lights。例如：
A farmer arrives at a woman's house.一位农民来到一位妇女的家里。
How long have you been at this school? 你在这所学校呆了多久？
on表示：1）某东西在一个平面上（包括竖着的平面）。例如：
on the floor/ground/table/chair，on the wall， on the moon， on my head， on page seven。
2）某东西接触或接近一条线或类似一条线的东西（如河流、道路、边界等）on a small river， on the road， on my way to school。例如：
There was a big smile on her face. 她脸上充满笑容。
I'd like to take a boat on the River Nile.我喜欢在尼罗河上乘船。
in主要表示在某一区域或某一立体空间。如：in a country / city / town /village / garden / park / zoo，in the room / house / building / box，in the sky，in the sea， in the sun， in the middle of the day。
One day the man upstairs’ heard the sound of children playing in the park.一天楼上那个人听到了孩子们在公园玩耍的声音。
表示“方位”的介词。in表示在某一地域地区之内的某方位（属于该范围）；to表示在某一地域地区之外的某方位（不属该范围）；on表示与某地相邻的关系。这三个词表达位置关系恰似数学中圆的“包含（in）、相离（to），相切（on）关系”。例如：
Taiwan is in the southeast of China.台湾位于中国东南部。
England lies to the west of France.英国位于法国的西方。
Hunan is on the east of Guizhou.湖南在贵州东面。
above; over; on
表示“上下”的介词on和over都表示在一物体上。但前者强调两物相接触，而后者强调覆盖这一物体。例如：
The children are drawing some pictures on the blackboard.孩子们正在黑板上画一些画。
There's a picture on the wall.墙上有一幅画。
over表示在某人或某物的正上方，反义词是under; above表示位置高于某人或某物，但不一定是正上方，反义词below，over和above都可用来表示高于(= higher than).如果要表示覆盖或越过时，则用over.例如：
Later, we ate our picnic under some trees.后来，我们在一些树下野餐。
The water came up over / above our knees.水已涨至我们膝盖之上。
[注意]：指数量时，我们一般用over(= more than)表示超过；但如果指上下垂直的度量及海拔高度时，要用above。例如：
The temperature will stay above zero in the daytime.白天温度将保持在零度以上。
across; through；over;
表示“通过、经过”的介词。这三个介词across; over和through都可用“通过、穿过，”解，但侧重点不同。across的含义与on有关，表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行的。例如：
It took them six weeks to walk across the great desert.他们花了六周时间才走了那个大沙漠。
through的含义与in有关，表示动作是在某一物体的空间里进行的。例如：
The students walked through the gates with Uncle Wang.学生们和王大叔一走穿过大门。
We can't travel through the forest by road.我们不能从陆路穿过森林。
over表示动作在某物体的上方进行，译为“越过”。例如：
Then we took off low a part of forest.随后我们的飞机起飞了，飞过部分森林上空。
表示方式 by; in; with;
表示方式、手段的 介词，表示“用”。三者均可表示“用”、“以”的意思，但用法不同。
by后常接动名词、名词，是指靠“某种方法、手段”来完成谓语的动作，或借助于某种交通工具。in后接名词，表示用某种方式、语言、风格等。另外用来与way构成in this / that/ a....... way表示“用.......方法”；一般多与一些抽象化了的名词搭配。如果这些名词前加上冠词，成为有形的、具体的东西，就要用介词with；write with a pencil（用铅笔写）。with 后接有形的、具体的东西。例如：
Learn to swim by swimming.在游泳中学习游泳。
You shouldn't have treated the matter in the wrong way.你不该用错误的方法来对待这件事。
Guo Mo-ro began to write in poem.郭沫若以诗歌的形式开始了他的文学生涯。
An English teacher should try to teach in English.英语教师应尽量用英语教学。
It's impolite to write a letter in red.用红笔写信是不礼貌的。
Genuine friendship can not be bought with money.真正的友谊是无法用金钱买到的。
besides; but; except; except for;
表示“除......以外”的介词。besides作“除了...以外，还有...”解，它强调部分包括在整体之内。例如：
Everybody laughed besides John.(John 包括在everybody之内)除了约翰外，每个人都笑了。
I can see how English is used in everyday life as well. Besides I enjoy learning about new things form politics to sports.我还可以看到日常生活中是怎样使用英语的。此外，我还喜欢了解从政治到体育、音乐的新动态。
but.(prep)作“除了...外”解，相当于except,但but常与否定词、next, last及部分形容词最高级连用后接名词、代词和不定式。例如：
I did nothing but write a letter this morning.今天早晨除写了一封信外，我什么都没有做。
He wanted nothing but to have a chance to try it.除了有机会试一试外，他别无所求。
注释：but后接不定式时，何时带to要依据前面动词是否有do而定。即有do不带to,无do要带to.(看上述例如)
except作“除...以外”解，强调从整体中除去一部分，不能放在句首，后可接名词、代词或从句。多指对同类事的排除。例如：
Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao.除了林涛外，大家都到齐了。
except for作“除了...外，只...”解。它强调从整体中排除一部分，是对主语的内容起到修正的作用，指对非同类事物的排除。例如：
Your composition is very good except for a few spelling mistakes.你的作文写得很好，除了几年拼写错误。(composition与mistakes不同类)
考查介词短语的辨析
【考例1】（2018·天津11）Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________.
A. at first B. after all C. above all D. at random
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词短语辨析及语境理解。句意：鲍勃认为他不能去参加聚会，因为他得写一份报告，但它终究还是去了。At first起初；after all毕竟，终究；above all首先；at random随便地。根据前面的转折连词可知，与前面的情况相反，故答案选B。
【考例2】（2018·江苏33）China’s soft?power?grows?_______ the?increasing?appreciation?
and?understanding of China globally.
A. in line with B. in reply to C. in return for D. in honour of
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A. in line with按照；与...一致；B. in reply to答复；C. in return for作为 ... 的报酬；D. in honour of为纪念。故选A。
【考例3】（2017·天津卷13）We offer an excellent education to our students. ________, we expect students to word hard. .
A. On average B. At best C. in return D. After all
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：我们给学生提供最好的教育，作为回报，我们希望学
生努力学习。on average平均；at best至多；in return作为回报；after all毕竟；句意表达的
是我们希望学生能够用努力学习作为回报．故选C。
【考例4】（2017·江苏卷32）.Determining where we are _______ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
A. in contrast to B. in defense of C. in face of D. in relation to
【答案】D
【解析】考查介词短语的辨析。A. in contrast to对比，截然不同；B. in defense of为……
辩护；C. in face of面对；D. in relation to与……有关。句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍
然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。故选D。
【考例5】（2016·天津2）The dictionary is ______: many words have been added to the language since it was published.
A. out of control B. out of date C. out of sight D. out of reach
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。这本字典过时了，自从它出版后，很多单词加入到了语言中。out of control失控；out of date过时；out of sight；不在视线内（Out of sight，out of mind．眼不见，心不烦）；out of reach，够不着，拿不到。根据句意，答案选B。
【考例6】（2016·浙江6）That young man is honest , cooperative , always there when you need his help .______, he's reliable.
A. Or else B. In short C. By the way D. For one thing
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意为：那个年轻人诚实而且善于合作，总是在你需要帮助的时候出现。总之，他是可靠的。or else否则，要不然；in short总之，简言之；by the way顺便说一下；for one thing一方面。 根据句意可知答案为B。
【方法探究】关于介词短语的相关题目，一般采用将介词短语置入句子，并进行逐一翻译的方法。解决此类题目的关键就是平时多积累相关知识，然后读懂题干的含义。
★知识链接★
几组常见的介词短语
(1)out of＋名词
out of question毫无疑问；out of the question不可能；out of order次序颠倒；out of sight看不见；out of place不合适；out of pity出于同情；out of curiosity出于好奇
(2)in＋名词
in power掌权；in good condition状态良好；in despair绝望地；in public/secret公开地/秘密地；in tears哭泣；in good/bad repair保养得好/不好；in charge负责，掌管；in a hurry 匆忙
in anger生气；in trouble有困难
(3)in＋名词＋介词
in case of以防万一；in honor of为了纪念……；in favor of支持；in memory of为了纪念……；in charge of负责；in terms of从……角度；in need of需要；in praise of表扬；in view of鉴于；in return for作为对……的回报；in response to对……的答复或反应
(4)under＋名词
under control受控；under attack遭到攻击；under way在进行中；under discussion在讨论；under consideration在讨论/考虑中
(5)at＋名词
at work在工作；at play在玩耍；at dinner在吃饭；at ease轻松，自由自在；at war 在打仗
(6)on＋名词
on fire着火； on purpose故意地； on duty值日；on the phone在打电话；on leave在休假； on holiday在度假；on a walk在散步；on the rise/fall上升/下降；on sale出售；on show/exhibition展出；on business 出差；on one’s way to在去……的路上；on a visit/trip/tour出行
(7)to one’s＋情感名词
to one’s surprise令某人惊讶的是；to one’s joy使某人高兴的是；to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是；to one’s delight使某人高兴的是
易错常考介词和介词搭配
of +抽象名词=形容词
of +great +抽象名词=形容词
of +no +抽象名词=形容词
It is of great value =It is very valuable.
It is of no use =It is not useful.
三、考查固定搭配
【考例1】（2018 新课标III卷）I was searching ____67____ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.
【答案】for
【解析】考查动词短语搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”在寻找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。
【考例2】—Dave didn't respond ________any of my emails.
—Something _______have happened to him.
A.?on; must?????????????????????????B.?with; could?????????????????????????C.?for; could?????????????????????????D.?to; must
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定搭配 句意：—我的邮件戴芙一封也没回复。—他肯定有什么事情。respond to固定短语，“回应”；must have done固定短语“肯定做过”，表示对过去情况的肯定推测。选D。
【考例3】______ his son away to college, the old couple got more room in the house.
A.?As???????????????????????????????????B.?For???????????????????????????????????C.?Through???????????????????????????????????D.?With
【答案】D
【解析】with的复合结构 句意：随着儿子出去上大学，这对老夫妻在家有了更多的空间。As当……时候，因为（其后要接句子），for为了，through通过, with随着（表示伴随，其所描述的动作与主句的动作几乎同时发生），故选D。
【考例4】As far as I know, the little boy has a strong desire ________ knowledge.
【答案】for
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：据我所知这个小男孩对知识有一个强烈的渴望。have a strong desire for对---有一个强烈的渴望。故答案为for。
【方法探究】 关于介词的固定搭配，在解答试题时，要注意从句子中找出中心词汇，也就是这个词和选项中的词能够构成一个固定搭配，符合句子意思，这样问题就会很快解决。
★知识链接★
①动词+介词
ask for(请求；向……要) arrive in／at(到达)；belong to(属于) knock at／on(敲门) live on(以……为主食；靠……生活)point at／to(指着……／指向) stand by／for(与……站在一起／代表)
②动词+ 副词+介词
do well in(在……方面干得好)break away from(从……脱离) do away with(废除) catch up with(赶上)come down with(患上)put up with(忍受) go on with(继续……) keep up with(跟上)add up to(总计)drop in on(顺便看望某人) get away from(从……逃离) get down to(着手进行……)date back to(始于) come up to(达到) hold on to(坚持；抓牢) write back to(给……回信)look forward to(盼望) run out of(用完；耗尽)get out of(摆脱；从……出来) go in for(喜爱；参加)make up for(弥补)look down on／upon(轻视)work hard at(努力干……)get along／on with(进行／进展……)
③动词 +(名代) +介词
catch sight of(看到……) fix one’s eyes on／upon(注视／盯着)give a lesson to(教训)have words with(与……吵架)make friends with(与……交朋友) make fun of(取笑)make room for(为……腾地方)pay attention to(注意)say hello to(向……问好) shake hands with(与……握手)show sb．around(带……参观)take care of(照顾)take part in(参加)take the place of(替代)take pride in(以……自豪)remember me to(代我向……问好)devote oneself to(献身于……)
④名词+介词
advice on／about(关于……的忠告)the answer to(……的答案)the key to(……的钥匙) a chance of(……的机会)an entrance to(……的入口) knowledge of(对……的了解)the matter with(……有毛病) objection to(反对……)pay for(……的付款) (a)pity at／for／on(对……的怜悯)plenty of(许多) return to(返回……)success in(……方面的成功)thanks to(幸亏)thanks for(……的感谢) a visit to(对……拜访／参观)
⑤名词 +介词 +名词
arm in arm(手挽手) back to back(背靠背)day after day(日复一日)the day after tomorrow(后天)
the day before yesterday(前天)day by day(逐日)face to face(面对面)hand in hand(手拉手)heart to heart(推心置腹) one by one(依次) step by step(逐步)ten to one(十有八九)
⑥介词+名词 +介词
on account of(因为) at the age of(在……岁时)at the beginning of(在……开始) in charge of(负责……)during the course of(在……期间) in favor of(赞成)in honor of someone(为表示对某人的敬意) in memory of(为纪念……)in need of(需要) in search of(寻找)by the side of(在……旁边) in spite of(尽管……)by accident／chance(偶然地) for ages(好久)；of an／one age(周岁)
after all(毕竟) in all／in total(总计)with care(小心地) under construction(在建设中)
on the contrary(相反地) out of control(失控)under control(在控制下) at／in the corner(在拐角处／在角落里)against one's will(违背某人意愿地) out of date(过时的) on duty(在值班) at hand(在手头)by hand(用手) in a hurry(匆忙地)in no hurry(不急不忙地) on the left／right(在左／右边)to the left／right(向左，右边) by no means(决不)by this means(以这种方式) in／out of order(依次地／混乱)at(sb．’s)pleasure(随意地) for pleasure(为了消遣)with pleasure(高兴地) in／out of pocket(赚／赔钱)off／from／beside the point(不切题)to the point／purpose(切题)over／on the radio(通过收音机) on radio(与无线电有关)for sale(待出售) on sale(出售) after／at school(放学后，在学校) at／by sea(当水手／乘船)in／out of sight(看得见／看不见) for／in size(按大小／在尺寸方面)by the way(顺便说) in the way(挡道)in sb．'s／the way(妨碍某人) at will(随意)to sb．'s delight／joy/regret／surprise(令人高兴／快乐／后悔／吃惊……)
⑦形容词/分词等+介词
(be)absent from(缺席……) according to(根据……)afraid of／for(害怕……／替……担心) angry about／at(为某事生气)angry with／about(与某人，事生气) anxious about／for(担忧／渴求)bad／good at(在……方面差／好) good for／to(对……有益处／友好)busy with(忙于某事) certain／sure about／of(确信……)(be)close to(靠近……) engaged in／to(从事……／与……订婚)equal to(与……相等) famous／known for／to(因……著名／为……所知)kind of／to(对……友好) (be)fit／suitable for(适与……／与……适合)ready for(准备好……) rich in／with(富于……)rude to／of(sb．)(对……粗鲁) sad about／at／over／with(为……悲伤)terrified at/by/with(被……吓一跳) worthy of(值得／配得上……)worried about／by(担心／为……困忧) strict with sh．／in sth． (对……严格)
选择题（Choose the best answer）
1.（南京市 2019 届高三年级学情调研） Some animal protectors are seen as being two-faced about animal welfare __________the way they treat domestic animals.
A.in need of B. in view of C. in search of D. in favour of
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词短语的辨析。A 选项 in need of : 需要，缺少；B 选项 in view of : 鉴于，考虑
到；C 选项 in search of : 寻找，搜寻；D 选项 in favour of 支持，赞成。根据句意：根据/鉴于/考虑 到（他们）对待家养动物的方式，一些动物保护者被视为动物福祉的两面派。故答案选B。
2. (2018天津河东区一模,6)It was nice and warm that evening. I stayed awake　　???? until eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.
A. on average　　 B. on purpose C. on business　　 D. on time
【答案】?B　
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:那天晚上天气很温暖,我故意熬到11点,就是为了独自看一看月亮。on purpose故意地;on average 平均;on business出差;on time按时,准时。故答案选B。
3.(2018天津十二所重点中学高三一联,4)A grand banquet was held by Elizabeth Ⅱ 　　????President Xi’s current state visit to the UK.
A. in terms of　　 B. in honor of C. in favor of　　 D. in memory of
【答案】B　
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:伊丽莎白二世为习近平主席此次对英国的国事访问举行了盛大的宴会。in honor of为了纪念……;in terms of就……而言;in favor of赞成/支持(某人或某事物);in memory of作为对某人的纪念。故答案选B。
4.(2018天津滨海新区七所重点学校毕业联考,18)　　???? he was 12, Einstein had learned advanced mathematics by himself.
A. The first time　　 B. At the time C. By the time　　 D. During the time
【答案】??C　
【解析】考查介词短语。句意:到他12岁时,爱因斯坦已经自学了高等数学。由主句使用的是过去完成时可知,此处应使用by介词短语(到……时为止,常和完成时连用)。the first time第一次(做……的时候);at the time在那时,当时;during the time在……期间。故答案选C。
5.(2018天津南开中学4月月考,9)—Why does he always look unhappy? He’s very successful in every aspect.
—It is wrong to try to judge happiness　　????worldly success.
A.in terms of　　 B. in honor of C. in case of　　 D. in spite of
【答案】A　
【解析】考查介词短语。句意:——为什么他总是看起来很不高兴?他在各个方面都很成功。——试图用世俗的成功来判断幸福是错误的。in terms of“根据……来解释(描述)”符合语境。in honor of为了向……表示敬意;in case of假使,如果;in spite of虽然,尽管,不顾。故答案选A。
6.(2018江苏扬州、南通、徐州等市三模,33)The new system introduced last month is not working very effectively　　????professional training.
A.in place of　　 B. in case of C. in terms of　　 D. in defense of
?【答案】C　
【解析】考查介词短语。句意:上个月引进的新体系,在职业培训方面并不太有效。in terms of“就……而言”符合语境。in place of代替;in case of假使,如果;in defense of为……辩护,为保卫……。故答案选C。
7.（江苏省扬州中学2018届第四次模考21）______ all the texts that are written, stored and sent electronically, a lot of them are still ending up on paper.
A. From B. For C. Although D. As
【答案】B
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意为：关于所有的被编辑被储存和被电子发送的文本信息，它们当中很多都最终被打印成文稿。句中that…electronically为定语从句,修饰texts, 解题时可去掉，会使句子结构更简单清晰。去掉定语从句后的句子为：all the texts, a lot of them are still ending up on paper. 若选CD, although和as为连词,后必须接句子,必须有主语及谓语动词,故排除。AB为介词,后接名词,for表”关于”,from表“来自于”。 故答案选B。
8.（江苏省扬州中学2018届第四次模考27）The president spoke _______ about job creation and other issues that affect the lives of ordinary Americans so that they could know about every detail.
A. at random B. at will C. at length D. at hand
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意为：总统详细地说到了增加就业和其他影响普通美国人的问题，目的是为了他们能够知道每个细节。at random随机/随意/故乱(未提前打算/考虑过)。at will任意/随意(随自己的意愿/喜好,想怎样就怎样)。at length详尽地,经过很长时间后/最后。at hand在手边,在附近,即将到来。句中edge close逐渐临近。故答案选C。
9.（徐州市2018考前模拟34）Cutter hadn’t been so insistent _______ these details that afterwards she felt embarrassed about her haste and casualness.
A. in?regard?to B. on the basis of C. in light of D. on account of
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语。根据句意：关于这些后来她对她的匆忙和随意而感到尴尬的细节，卡特并没有如此坚持。A. in regard to关于、至于；B. on the basis of由于；C. in light of按照，根据D. on account of由于。故答案选A。
10.（2018年江苏省南通,徐州等七市五月联考33）The new system introduced last month is not working very effectively ______ professional training.
A. in place of B. in case of C. in terms of D. in defense of
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。A在…的地方B以防万一C在…方面D为了防御…。句意：这个上个月新发布的系统在专业的训练上完成地不是非常有效。故答案选C。
11.（南京市2018届第三次模考27）—Can you put me _______aboutthe World Cup Football Match?
—Sorry. I myself know nothingabout it.
A．in the air B. on the move C.in the picture D .on the post
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语。A悬而未决，B在移动中，C知情，D当场,立刻。句意：——你能给我讲讲世界杯吗？——不好意思，我自己也不太清楚。Put sb in the picture about也可理解为固定搭配，故答案选C。
12.（江苏省苏锡常镇四市2018届5月调研33） —Does Jack still hang about every day?
—No, he has mended his ways. After his father died, he set his hand to his business and has already put it .
A. in order B. in chaos C. in effect D. in store
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词短语。句意：——Jack现在还一天到晚在外面乱晃嘛？——不，他现在改过自新了。自从他爸爸去世之后，他认真工作并搭理得仅仅有条。Put … in order，把…打理得仅仅有条，根据句意，故答案选A。
13.（北京中国人民大学附属中学2018届高三考前热身7） --- I have been working for more than 30 years! I’m going to retire next month.
--- Really? You don’t look a day 50!
A. over B. by C. with D. for
【答案】A
【解析】考查介词。 --我已经工作30多年了。很快就要退休了。--真的吗？你看起来一点都不像50多岁的样子。over在---之上，结合句意，故答案选A。
14.（江苏省启东中学2018届高三最后一模 14）Before real estate control policies were introduced, people hoped that their income would be increased ________ the rise in housing prices.
A. in touch with B. in anticipation of C. in line with D. in combination of
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：在出台房地产管制政策之前，人们希望他们的收入能随着房价的上涨而增加。A. in touch with和……保持联系；B. in anticipation of期待着……，预计到……；C. in line with和……一致；D. in combination of结合。结合常识可知，故答案选C。
15.（天津市第一中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考 2）Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you the tough years.
A. through B. up C. with D. from
【答案】A
【解析】介词辨析. A.度过，通过,强调从内部通过 B. 在……上，向上； C.带有，用某种工具 D. 从；来自。句意：毕业时刻是一个感谢那些曾经帮助你度过艰难岁月的人的好时刻。故答案选A。
16.（天津市耀华中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考6）
. --- How did your brother lose so much weight?
--- ________ eating less, he walked five miles every day.
A. In terms of B. In spite of C. In addition to D. With regard to
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语。A. In spite of虽然 B. In addition to此外C. Instead of相反的D. Thanks to 多亏了。句意：--她怎么象预期一样减了那么多肥？--除了少吃，她每天慢跑五英里。故答案选C。
17.(2017天津红桥区二模,6)—It seems a little ugly to me.
—　　????, I think it’s rather beautiful.
A.In other words　　 B. On the other hand C. On the contrary 　　D. In a nutshell
【答案】C　
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:——这对我来说有点难看。——恰恰相反,我觉得它相当漂亮。on the contrary(与此)相反,正相反;in other words换句话说;on the other hand另一方面;in a nutshell简而言之。故答案选C。
18.(2017北京海淀区一模,23)Your attitude 　　???? life determines how happy or unhappy you are.
A.towards　　 B. with　　 C. on　　 D. for
【答案】A　
【解析】考查介词辨析。句意:你对生活的态度决定你是多么快乐或多么不快乐。attitude to/towards对……的态度。故答案选A。
19..(2017天津和平区一模,4)The debate here will be limited in two main respects, 　　???? the time available.
A.in view of　　 B. in return for C. in addition to　　 D. in comparison with
【答案】?A　
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意:鉴于可用的时间,这里的辩论将限定在两个主要方面。in view of鉴于,由于;in return for作为对……的回报;in addition to除……之外(还有);in comparison with与……相比较。故答案选A。
20.(2017·常州高三一模)________what many people think，HIV cannot be spread through mosquitoes，a cough or sneeze，or by merely touching someone with Aids.
A．Based on　　 B．Contrary to C．Apart from D．Regardless of
【答案】B　
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：与许多人的看法相反，HIV(艾滋病毒)无法通过蚊子、咳嗽、喷嚏或通过仅仅触碰某个艾滋病患者传播。base on 基于，以……为根据，在……基础上；contrary to 与……相反；apart from除……之外；regardless of不顾，不管。故答案选B。
二、句型训练（Choose the right words in brackets）
1.It will be a big help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner. ________ the meanwhile, I'll set the table.
【答案】In
【解析】句意：如果你能去商店买来我们晚餐所需要的东西，这将是一个巨大的帮助。同时，我将摆放餐具。in the meanwhile “同时”。
2.I am always delighted when I receive an e-mail from you. ________ regard to the party on July 1st, I shall be pleased to attend.
【答案】With
【解析】句意：我很高兴收到你的邮件，关于7月1号的那个聚会，我会很乐意参加。这里用介词短语with regard to，表示“ 就……而言，关于”。
3.The Smiths are praised ________ the way they bring up their children.
【答案】for
【解析】句意：史密斯夫妇因为他们养育孩子的方式而受到称赞。因句中“are praised”这一被动结构，考生很容易理解为“被……表扬”而误填by。其实根据句意可知，这是固定短语be praised for...，意为“因……而受到称赞”。
4.—I'm looking for a nearby place for my holiday. Any good ideas?
—How about the Moon Lake? It is ________ easy reach of the city.
【答案】within
【解析】句意：——我在寻找一个附近的地方度假。有什么好主意吗？——月亮湖怎么样？它离城市不远。由题干中关键信息“a nearby place”可知，要对方推荐一个附近的地方度假，而介词短语within easy reach of意为“在……附近，距离……不远”。
5.Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library ________ a book about it.
【答案】for
【解析】句意：在你到某一旅游胜地去游览之前，先在你当地的图书馆找本有关的书看看。这里关键是要认识到动词look与空格处的介词构成固定短语的时候，中间隔有短语in your local library，所以本句可以理解为“...look for a book about it in your local library”。
6.Mr.Brown said he was by no means annoyed; ________ the contrary, he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.
【答案】on
【解析】句意：布朗先生说他一点都不生气，相反，他很高兴能使大家明白自己(说的话)。根据句意可知，这里要用介词短语on the contrary，意为“相反地”。
7.China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ________ the benefit of all its citizens.
【答案】for
【解析】句意：为了所有公民的利益，中国一直在推动公立医院的改革。根据句意可知，这里要用介词短语for the benefit of，意为“为了……的利益”。
8.Don't be angry any more. I'm sure he ignored you by accident and not ________ design.
【答案】by
【解析】句意：不要再生气了。我确信他不理你是偶然地不是故意地。by design “故意地”与by accident “偶然地”并列。
9.When he was 30, back in 1953, he was working ________ a research assistant in the university.
【答案】as
【解析】句意：早在1953年，当时他30岁，他就在那所大学当了一名研究助理。work as “从事……工作，担任……”。
10.People race around the streets of Jinghong and the surrounding villages, soaking (浸透) every person ________ sight with buckets of water.
【答案】in
【解析】句意：人们在景洪的大街上和周围的村庄里追逐着，用桶里的水泼向视野中的每个人。in sight “在视野内”。
完形填空
（安徽省合肥市2019届高三上学期调研性检测）Until a few years ago, I had what most people would call a good life. I had a ____1____ job that paid the bills; I had a good family that I was close to, and I had a place to live and money in the bank for trips and ____2____, and there was nothing much wrong in my life. ____3____, I was bored.
I wanted more. I wanted to live ____4____ and loudly and make sharp memories instead of the ____5____ ones of everyday life. But I was ____6____. I’ve never had any ____7____ in myself. As a child, even buying something in a shop caused me a great deal of ____8____, and even though I did get better as I got older, I never quite ____9____ that childhood shyness.
And I tried everything, like reading books about confidence. I took tiny steps leading to my goals. But none of them really ____10____.
So I ____11____ that the small steps weren’t enough. I signed up for an internship（实习期）teaching English in Vietnam, an ____12____ huge step, one that ____13____ me as much as it excited me. And then the day came and I left my home and my loved one. I was alone in a country where the food was ____14____ and the streets were dirty. I had no idea whether I would be able to ____15____ everything this very strange environment would ____16____ at me.
I spent five months in Vietnam, teaching and exploring and laughing. I’d learned to ____17____ myself, my skills, my abilities and my decisions. I returned home ____18____, even to myself, let alone to others. The ____19____ that had controlled my life and the self-doubt were completely ____20____.
That one big chance changed everything for me, and in me.
1. A. stable B. temporary C. difficult D. demanding
2. A. tips B. rewards C. treats D. fines
3. A. Thus B. Instead C. Otherwise D. However
4. A. easily B. brightly C. peacefully D. modestly
5. A. bitter B. clear C. gray D. sweet
6. A. proud B. innocent C. outgoing D. afraid
7. A. pride B. confidence C. interest D. shame
8. A. stress B. excitement C. confusion D. surprise
9. A. added to B. talked about C. got over D. suffered from
10. A. continued B. survived C. failed D. helped
11. A. decided B. promised C. predicted D. disagreed
12. A. equally B. impossibly C. unnecessarily D. occasionally
13. A. ignored B. impressed C. annoyed D. terrified
14. A. nice B. colorful C. strange D. adequate
15. A. doubt B. handle C. quit D. obtain
16. A. point B. throw C. shout D. aim
17. A. trust B. enjoy C. excuse D. forgive
18. A. unconcerned B. unsatisfied C. unchangeable D. unrecognizable
19. A. fear B. respect C. courage D. anger
20. A. picked up B. forgotten about C. worn away D. put off
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. D 11. A 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. B 16. B 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. C
【解析】
本文为记叙文。作者拥有大多数人所说的美好生活。工作稳定，家庭美满，我的生活没有什么大问题。但是，却感觉不满足。因为作者从小是个有恐惧感，害羞不自信的人，想改变这一切。于是报名到越南教学，自己在陌生的环境中克服了这些缺点，变得连自己都不认识自己了。就像她自己说的，是一个巨大的机会改变她和她的一切。
1考查形容词辨析。stable稳定的；temporary暂时的；difficult困难的；demanding要求高的，苛求的。根据空前的I had what most people would call a good life。句意：我拥有人们所说的美好生活，因此应该有一份稳定的工作。故选A项。
2.考查名词辨析。句意：我有地方可住，银行里的钱可以用来旅行和招待（朋友）。分析选项（tips忠告小费；rewards报酬；treats款待；fines罚款），可C项符合题意。
3.考查副词辨析。句意：Thus于是，因此； Instead代替，反而；Otherwise否则的话；However无论如何，然而，可是。根据第二段的首句“我想要更多。我想活得更好”可知我的生活没有什么大问题，可是（However），我很无聊。分析内容可知前后是转折关系。故选D项。
4.考查副词辨析。根据后面的live_4_and loudly,可知所填的词要与loudly（华丽的）并列。分析选项：easily容易地；brightly鲜明地，欢快地；peacefully平静地，安宁地； modestly谦虚地，审慎地。可知，B项意思与之相一致。
5.考查形容词辨析。bitter苦的，尖锐的；clear明显的。清楚的；gray灰色的，苍白的，阴暗的; sweet甜的，愉快的，快乐的。instead of而不是，与前面的“想活的更精彩，与之相反的自然不想让生活gray（苍白的，无色的），故选C项。
6.考查形容词辨析。proud自豪的； innocent无辜的，无罪的； outgoing对人友好的，开朗的； afraid害怕的。根据第二段最后一句句意：作者小时是个害羞的人，所以可能很害怕。故选D项。
7.考查名词辨析。pride自豪；confidence自信；interest兴趣；shame羞愧，羞辱。同样根据第二段最后一句可知，作者小时候是个害羞的人，所以常对自己不自信。故选B项。
8.考查名词辨析。 stress压力；excitement 激动，兴奋；confusion 困惑，迷惑；surprise惊讶，惊奇。句意：因为小时候对自己不自信，畏惧，所以甚至是去买东西时也会有压力（stress）。故选A项。
9.考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管我年纪大点时这种情况要好一点，但我始终无法克服童年的羞怯的恐惧和不自信。added to增加，增添了；talked about谈论，讨论；got over克服；suffered from遭受。根据语可知选C项。
10.考查动词辨析。句意：我尝试了一切，比如阅读关于自信的书。我迈出了小小的步伐，实现了我的目标。但他们都没有真正地有帮助。continued继续；survived 幸存；failed 失败，没做； helped帮助。分析选项可知D项符合题意。
11.考查动词辨析。句意：我觉得朝着目标走了一小步是不够的，所以我决定报名参加在越南实习教英语。分析选项：decided决定； promised承诺； predicted预测；disagreed不同意。可知只有A项符合题意，故选A。
12.考查副词辨析。Equally平等；impossibly不可能，无法想象地；unnecessarily未必；occasionally偶尔，间或。根据前文可知，作者是个非常害羞的人，甚至到商店买东西都有压力，现在要支越南教英语确是一件不可思议的事。以及后面的“one that ____13____ me as much as it excited me.” 一个让我兴奋不已的一步，由此可推断出这是一个不可思议的（impossibly）巨大的一步。故选B项。
13.考查动词辨析。句意：一步既让我害怕又让我激动的一步。分析选项：ignored忽略，忽视；impressed使感动，使印象深刻；annoyed使烦恼，使恼；terrified使恐怖，使惊吓。可知D项符合题意，故选D项。
14.考查形容词辨析。句意：我独自一人在一个食物奇特，街道脏兮兮的国家。 nice好的； colorful富有色彩的，鲜艳的；strange陌生的，奇怪的；adequate足够的，适当的。根据后面的____15____ everything this very strange environment可知，这个陌生的环境让作者觉得一切是那么的陌生的，奇怪的。分析选项只有C项（strange）符合语境，故选C项。
15.考查动词辨析。句意：我不知道我是否能处理陌生环境中的事情。分析选项：doubt怀疑；handle 处理；quit 放弃；obtain获得。可知B项符合题意。故选B项。
16.考查动词辨析。point表明，指向；throw投掷，丢，抛；shout呼喊，叫喊； aim瞄准，针对。throw at sb.意为“扔向…,抛向….”，本句指不知是否能处理好陌生环境抛向我的事情。故选B项。
17.考查动词辨析。句意：我在越南度过了五个月，教学、探索和大笑。我学会了相信自己，我的技能，我的能力和我的决定。trust信任；enjoy享受；excuse原谅，为…申辩，免除；forgive原谅，饶恕。根据前文可知，作者以前对自己不自信，现在通过国外的实习，变得自信了。分析选项可知A符合题意，故选A项。
18.考查形容词辨析。unconcerned不感兴趣，不关心的；unsatisfied不满意的；unchangeable不可改变的；unrecognizable（人或事物）难以辨认的，无法识别的。根据前文可知，作者出国实习之前不自信，恐惧，害羞，而现在自信了，不害怕了。句意：回到家时，连自己都不相信自己，，变化之大，认不出自己，更别提别人。故选D项。
19.考查名词辨析。；fear害怕，恐惧； respect 尊敬；courage勇气；anger生气与自我怀疑并列的只有A项（fear）恐惧，而且根据文章可知，以前作者一直有恐惧，不自信，所以本空应当选A项。
20考查动词辨析。句意：控制我的生活和自我怀疑的恐惧完全消失了。picked up拾起，习得；forgotten about遗忘；worn away磨损的，消失； put off推迟。根据语境可知C项符合题意，故选C项。
四、语法填空
（陕西省榆林市2018届高考模拟第一次测试）
The clock struck eleven at night. The whole house was quiet. Everyone was in bed ___1___ me. Under the strong light, I looked sadly before me at several ___2___ (pile) of that troublesome
stuff they call “books”.
I was going to have my examination the next day. “___3___ can I go to bed?” I asked ___4___ (I). I didn’t answer, In fact I dared not.
The clock struck twelve. “Oh, dear!” I cried. “Ten more books to read before I can go to bed!” We pupils are the most ___5___ ( happy) creatures in the world. Dad does not agree with me on this. He did not have to work so hard when he was ___6___ boy.
The clock struck one. I was quite desperate now. I forgot all I ___7___ (learn). I was too tired to go on. I did the only thing I could. I prayed, “Oh, God, please help me pass the exam tomorrow. I do promise ___8___ (work) hard afterwards, Amen.” My eyes ___9___ (be) so heavy that I could hardly open them. A few minutes later, with my head on the desk, I fell ___10___ (sleep).
【答案】1. except/but 2. piles 3. When 4. myself 5. unhappy
6. a 7. had learned 8. to work 9. were 10. asleep
【解析】本文讲述了一个学生平时不好好学习，在考试的前一个晚上复习，看着书就睡着了的故事。
1.考查介词。联系下文可知，每个人都在睡觉除了我。根据句意可知这里用except/but。
2.考查名词。句意：在强光下，我坐在几大堆叫做书本的麻烦东西前面看起来很难过。前面有several修饰，可知这里用名词复数piles。piles of一大堆，成堆的。故这里用piles。
3.考查语境。联系上文我第二天要参加考试，11点了还在看书，可知这里的问题是“我什么时候才能去睡觉？”故用When。
4.考查反身代词。联系下句I didn’t answer可推知，我问的是自己，故用myself。
5.考查语境。联系上文I cried. “Ten more books to read before I can go to bed!”，可知作者认为“我们孩子是世界上最不快乐的”。故用unhappy。
6.考查冠词。句意：当他是孩子时，他不需要学习这么努力。这里可数名词boy，表示泛指，故用不定冠词a。
7.考查时态。句意：我忘记了所有我学过的。主句用过去时，故从句用过去完成时，表示“过去的过去”，故填had learned。
8.考查不定式。句意：我一定承诺之后努力学习。promise to do承诺做某事。故这里用to work。
9.考查时态以及主谓一致。句意：我的眼睛如此疲惫以至于我几乎睁不开了。根据上下文可知，这里是一般过去时，主语是My eyes，故用were。
10.考查固定结构。句意：几分钟之后，我的头放在书桌上，睡着了。fall asleep意为“睡着，入睡”。故这里用asleep。