专题 二十 阅读理解之三猜测词义题（解析版+原卷版）

专题 二十 阅读理解之三猜测词义题
（原卷版）

一、猜测词义题常见形式：
(1)直接对某个陌生的词汇进行理解；
(2)对文中的某个代词确认指代的对象；
(3)对多义词或短语进行文中含义的精确定义；
(4)对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语等进行直接的或解释性的描述。
2．词义猜测题是从特定的角度考查考生的阅读理解和处理生词的能力，它包括对词、词组和句意的理解。词义猜测不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面。
二、词义猜测题常见的命题形式有：
1.What does the underlined word “…”mean in the passage?
2.The word“…”refer to/probably means .
3.The underlined word “…”in Paragraph…means .
4.What do you think the expression“ ”stands for?
5.“ ”as used in the passage can best be defined as .
【考例1】(2018课标全国Ⅰ,C)
In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?
Complex.　　 B. Advanced.　　 C. Powerful.　　 D. Modern.
【答案】C　
【解析】考查词义猜测题。题干意为:下面哪一项最好地解释了第二段画线词“dominant”?根据画线词所在句子中的“such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over”可推知dominant的意思是“占统治地位的,强大的”,故答案为C项(Powerful)。A:复杂的;B:高级的;D:现代的。
【考例2】(2018课标全国Ⅱ,B)
If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away.
What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
A.A dessert.　　 B.A drink. C.A container.　　 D.A machine.
【答案】D　
【解析】考查词义猜测题。题干意为:最后一段的“a juicer”是什么?根据最后一段第一句和第二句话的描述(如果你有一个榨汁机的话,你就把冷冻的香蕉和一些浆果或者切成片的水果放进去。就会出来一种软软的奶油状的甜品,要马上吃掉哦。)可以推断出画线部分是一种能制作果汁样食品的机器,所以答案为D项。
【考例3】(2018课标全国Ⅲ,D)
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids
learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
1.What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. The more, the better. B. Enough is enough.
C .More money, more worries. D. Earn more and spend more.
【答案】A　
【解析】考查词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句话可知,我帮我自己的孩子学会了用更少的东西生活得更好,由此推断出画线词语的意思是“越多越好”,所以答案为A项。B项:适可而止。C项: 钱越多就越担心。D项:挣得多花得多。这三项与父母希望孩子拥有更多的东西的想法不符。
【考例4】(2018北京,D)The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题).
What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Employed.　　 B. Replaced. C. Shared.　　 D. Reduced.
【答案】A　
【解析】考查词义猜测题。画线单词所在句子和后面一句话形成了转折关系,后面一句提到随着价格的下降和更多的人对这种技术的适应,无人驾驶汽车作为私家车的拥有量会提高,画线单词所在句子与后一句意思相反,表示的是“考虑到费用、责任与维护问题,首批无人驾驶车辆的个 人拥有情况不会很乐观,这些车几乎都会被叫车服务所利用”,因此可以判断出画线单词意为“使用,利用”,与 employed的意思一致。故选择A项。
【考例5】(2018江苏,B)Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn’t tell how much they’d had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, but were none the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.
1.The underlined phrase “none the wiser” in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were 　　????.
A. not aware of eating more than usual B .not willing to share food with others
C. not conscious of the food quality D. not fond of the food provided
【答案】A　
【解析】考查词义猜测题。画线短语前提到“在光线暗的地方吃饭,顾客无法判断已经吃了多少东西。被给了超大份食物的顾客会比其他人吃得多”, 画线短语后提到“他们并没有感觉到吃得更饱”,再根据连词but的提示可推断,画线短语的意思为“没有意识到比平常吃得更多”,故选A项。
【考例6】（2017·全国卷I）
Despite the celebrations, though, in the US the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It's Jason Moran's job to help change that. As the Kennedy Centre's artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
29．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Jazz becoming more accessible. B．The production of jazz growing faster.
C．Jazz being less popular with the young. D．The jazz audience becoming larger.
【答案】 C　
【解析】考查代词指代题。根据前文“Despite the celebrations, though, in the US the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.”可知，尽管联合国教科文组织为爵士乐设定了纪念日，但美国的爵士乐听众依然在减少，并且年龄在老化。爵士乐没能将年轻一代人与老一代人联接起来。再结合“It's Jason Moran's job to help change that.”可知，Jason Moran的工作就是帮助改变上述情况，所以可推测that指代的是前文中爵士乐在年轻一代人中失去吸引力的现象。故选C。
【考例7】（2017·全国卷II）
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.
33．What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in Paragraph 3?
【答案】 A　
【解析】考查词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch(进食者却成了别人的午餐)．”可知进攻者变成了被进攻者。由此推断“the tables are turned”意思是“局面反转”。
【考例8】（2017·全国卷III）
Grey wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
29．What does the underlined word “displaced” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Tested. B．Separated. C．Forced out. D．Tracked down.
【答案】C　
【解析】考查词义猜测题。由前文的but可知，该词的意思和上文的“…once were seen here and there…”意思相反，故选C项。下文的“…disappeared from the Yellowstone area.”也有提示。test测试；separate分开；force out迫使离开，把……赶走；track down追捕到，追查出。
猜测词义的方法和技巧
根据定义、解释和复述猜测词义
猜测词义的方法很多，其中一条是根据定义或解释来猜测其意义。这种情况下，生词往往出现在前面，定义或解释往往跟在生词的后面，由or或破折号引出。生词的意义也就清楚了。复述也是一种解释方法，即用不同的词语重复表达同一内容。复述部分可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句或句子。在做这类题时，要注意复述和被复述部分往往构成同位语关系，在句中多用逗号连接，有时也用破折号、冒号或分号来连接。有时他们中间还常常插入一个起解释作用的标志语如or，or rather，that is to say，that is，namely，in other words 等来强调这种同位关系。
通过原因或结果关系猜测词义
文章中的上下文常常有因果关系，根据结果可以推测出原因。例如：because，since，as是连接原因状语从句的连词；so．．．that与such．．．that中的that是连接结果状语从句的连词。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句子中时，可以通过因果关系猜测生词含义。
3．根据对比关系猜测词义
这类题的上下文提示不是作者对生词、难词所做的解释和说明，而是需要读者运用语言知识和分析能力去细心搜寻和领悟相关信息之间存在的种种逻辑关系。根据这种逻辑关系所提供的思路和范围，来分析判断有关词的词义或相近的意义，从而达到理解全文思想内容的目的。转折词but，让步状语从句及unlike，in spite of，despite，however等一些介词和副词都可以帮助构成意义上的对比关系。
4．利用常识、自己的经验、经历及社会、科技等方面知识猜测词义
有时碰到生词，也不必惊慌。根据上下文或整句的理解，运用常识或相关的知识，也能猜出该生词的含义。
5.构词法猜测词义
合成法。合成词是由两个或两个以上的单词构成的。遇到这类生词时可根据合成法来猜测词义。
英语的合成词有合成形容词、合成名词等。合成形容词的构成方法如下:
形容词+现在分词，如 good-looking好看的
副词+现在分词，如 hard-working辛勤的
名词+过去分词，如 state-owned国有的
名词+现在分词，如 peace-loving爱好和平的
合成名词常见的方式有：
名词+名词，如 silkworm蚕
形容词+名词，如 shorthand速记
现在分词+名词，如waiting-room候车室
动词+名词，如 pickpocket扒手
派生法。派生法，即在词根的基础上加上前缀、后缀，便可构成另一单词。只要掌握了词根和前后缀的含义，就可推测出它们组成新词的词义。
词根是的基本含义，前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。如 depend动词——dependence名词——independence（独立）名词。
1．(2018天津十二所重点中学一联,C)
People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions(排放)vehicles”, but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from. Power plants mostly use fire to make it.
1.What does the underlined part mean in Paragraph 2?
A. People see the California Greens everywhere.
B. People there have no idea that so far electricity mainly comes from burning coal, oil, etc.
C. People in California love to have their roofs covered with solar cells.
D. People in California love to talk about zero-emissions vehicles.

2.（南京师范大学附属中学2018届5月模考B）“Google has basically looked the other way while it was able to generate revenues off of children's apps，” said Jeffrey Chester, the executive director of the Center for Digital Democracy. “The new, alarming report is further evidence that Google is thumbing_its_nose_at the only federal online privacy law that we have.”
What does the underlined phrase “thumbing its nose at” probably mean?
A. Observing. 　 B. Disrespecting. 　 C. Prohibiting. 　 D. Introducing.

3.（江苏省苏锡常镇四市2018届5月调研B）
So I should tell you just in case you’re worried about your fun capacity while you are sitting around waiting for the fun to start, that not much is. I don’t mean to put a damper on things. I just mean we ought to treat fun reverently. It is a mystery. It cannot be caught like a virus. It cannot be trapped like an animal. When fun comes in on little dancing feet, we probably won’t be expecting it. In fact, I bet it comes when we’re doing our duty, our job.
When the author tells us to “treat fun reverently”, she is encouraging us to .
A. look forward to having fun
B. show great respect for fun
C. have fun less frequently
D. teach others how to have fun6

4.（江苏省苏锡常镇四市2018届5月调研C）During an annular eclipse, NASA (the U. S. space agency) uses ground and space instruments to view the corona when the moon blocks the sun’s glare. The sudden blocking of the sun during an eclipse reduces the light and changes the temperature on the ground. This creates conditions that can affect local weather and animal behavior.
Which of the following cam replace the underlined word “glare”?
A. heat B. shadow C. shine D. radiation

5.（江苏省苏锡常镇四市2018届5月调研D）She sighs, and her eyes look a hundred years old for a minute. “Any improvement is good,” she says half-heartedly.
The underlined word “half-heartedly” implies .
A. the mom is worried about her daughter’s mood
B. the mom believes her daughter slept well last night
C. the mom is too busy doing her housework a that time
D. the mom knows there is no improvement in her daughter’s health

6.（2018年江苏省南通,徐州等七市五月联考）Then, at the age of 30, I became your mum with all the joys and struggles this brought, as I refused the Asian traditions for a new baby’s arrival. From your birth, your life could not have been more different from mine. I was brought up on a council estate, within a tight-knit extended Muslim family, through which poverty, racism and neglect were woven. I was never given the freedoms or the opportunity to experience new things. Now, as I hear you play your piano, I am grateful that you have these opportunities.
By “your life could not have been more different from mine”, Mommy means ______.
A. her childhood was no different from her daughter’s
B. her parents treated her the way she does her daughter
C. her daughter experienced the same traditions at birth with her
D. her daughter can enjoy the opportunities which she didn’t

7.（北京市精华学校2018年高三考前测试D） A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example: “The hand took hold of the ball”), the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball).
The underlined word “triggered” in the third paragraph probably means “ ”.
A. set off B. cut off C. built up D. broken up

8.（江苏省启东中学2018届高三最后一模C）Photosynthesis ground to a near halt in the trees facing the artificial heat wave. But to the researchers’ surprise, these trees continued to transpire at close-to-normal levels, effectively cooling themselves and their surroundings. The trees grown in warmer conditions coped just as well as the others, and photosynthesis rates bounced back to normal after the heat wave passed, Drake and his colleagues reported online in Global Change Biology.
The underlined phrase “ground to a near halt” in Paragraph 4 means “________”.
A. continued B. substituted
C. strengthened D. ceased

9.（江苏省启东中学2018届高三最后一模D）This is my origin story: when I was a teenager I wrote terrible poetry. Like really bad. Worse than yours, I bet. A lot of it about how every little thing reminds me that we’re all going to die one day. I wrote collections and collections of these poems, thinking one day I would have my moment. I named one collection, ironically, The Eternal Optimist.
What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 mean?
A. The author was sure he was going to die like everyone else.
B. The author was optimistic about the publication of his poetry.
C. The author was worried the tragedies in the poetry would happen to him.
D. The author was considering writing positive poems instead of terrible ones.

10.（湖南师范大学附属中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考C）And there are several educational accessories that come with Musio, such as flash cards and a fold-out accordion board book. Using Sophy, the pointer, Musio can interact with these objects thanks to a Bluetooth low-energy connection and a special code implanted in the printed materials.
What does the underlined word “accessories” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Attachments. B. Sensors. C. Pointers. D. Platforms.

11.（河南省林州市一中2018届高三12月调研）Popular television shows such as “Come Dine With Me,” where amateur chefs attempt to wow the audience with their culinary (烹调的) skills, “Master Chef” where ordinary people compete to cook to Michelin standards (米其林餐厅评分标准) and a number of celebrity cookery shows have inspired Britons to entertain at home.
The underlined word “wow” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ”.
A. fill B. compare C. impress D. associate

12.（广东省五校2018届高三联考）In contract, when there’s more homogeneity, perhaps it’s easier for some kinds of silence to appear. For example, among your closest friends and family it’s easier to sit in silence than with people you’re less well acquainted with.
What does the underlined word “homogeneity” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Similarity B. Contradiction C. Diversity D. Misunderstanding

13.（山东淄博实验中学2018届高三一诊）They scored higher in tests at the age of 5,but children whose first year at school was stimulating（使人兴奋的）outstripped them years later.
What does the underlined word "outstripped" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. did better than B. looked down upon
C. caught up with D. performed worse than

14.(河北衡水中学2018届高三八模)During this dangerous and awesome 18-month pilgrimage, he met many hindrances as he was attacked by robbers, troubled by thirst, and forced to go back to his route due to war along the Red Sea.
The underlined word “hindrances” in Paragraph 3 can best be replaced by “________”.
A. tricks B. friends
C. barriers D. opportunities

15.（甘肃省高台一中2018届高三第五次模拟）Applications for vehicle-to-vehicle communication range from vehicles driving together in a row, to safety messages about nearby emergency vehicles. Vehicles could alert each other to avoid collisions or share notices about passers-by and bicycles.
What does the underlined word “alert” mean in Paragraph 2?
A. Alarm. B. Condemn. C. Ignore. D. Govern.

16.（辽宁省大连市旅顺口区2018届高三第二次联考）I was now about to enter his world, through the words he had left behind. Within minutes, I was captivated by the power of the written words. In the magical script before me. I was transported to another age when food was an everyday art, planned, prepared and enjoyed in the company of others, and a time when people had the heart to pause their own lives to embrace(拥抱) each other’s struggles.
The underlined word “captivated” in the second paragraph can be replaced by “ ”.
A. puzzled B. frightened C. attracted D. defeated

17.(重庆市重点中学九校联盟2018届高三第一次联考) Using previous data, the researchers examined data from 16 published studies and used it to determine how much exercise is required to compensate for sitting. Their recommended daily exercise goal is higher than previous advice but not necessarily less achievable, given it can be completed throughout the day.
The underlined words “compensate for” can be best replaced by ________.
A. make up for B. break away from
C. give up D. take the place of

18. The SoyaPower G4 retains all the SoyaPower Plus features and functions. It makes soy milk, almond milk from other nuts seeds, or grains or a combination of them. It makes both fully cooked and raw milks. It even makes creamy soups and porridge and hot chocolate drink.
23. What?does?the?underlined?word?"retains" in?paragraph?3?mean?
A. Keeps B. Replaces C. Obtains D. Prohibits


专题 二十 阅读理解之三猜测词义题
（解析版）

一、猜测词义题常见形式：
(1)直接对某个陌生的词汇进行理解；
(2)对文中的某个代词确认指代的对象；
(3)对多义词或短语进行文中含义的精确定义；
(4)对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语等进行直接的或解释性的描述。
2．词义猜测题是从特定的角度考查考生的阅读理解和处理生词的能力，它包括对词、词组和句意的理解。词义猜测不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面。
二、词义猜测题常见的命题形式有：
1.What does the underlined word “…”mean in the passage?
2.The word“…”refer to/probably means .
3.The underlined word “…”in Paragraph…means .
4.What do you think the expression“ ”stands for?
5.“ ”as used in the passage can best be defined as .
【考例1】(2018课标全国Ⅰ,C)
In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?
Complex.　　 B. Advanced.　　 C. Powerful.　　 D. Modern.
【答案】C　
【解析】考查词义猜测题。题干意为:下面哪一项最好地解释了第二段画线词“dominant”?根据画线词所在句子中的“such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over”可推知dominant的意思是“占统治地位的,强大的”,故答案为C项(Powerful)。A:复杂的;B:高级的;D:现代的。
【考例2】(2018课标全国Ⅱ,B)
If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away.
What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
A.A dessert.　　 B.A drink. C.A container.　　 D.A machine.
【答案】D　
【解析】考查词义猜测题。题干意为:最后一段的“a juicer”是什么?根据最后一段第一句和第二句话的描述(如果你有一个榨汁机的话,你就把冷冻的香蕉和一些浆果或者切成片的水果放进去。就会出来一种软软的奶油状的甜品,要马上吃掉哦。)可以推断出画线部分是一种能制作果汁样食品的机器,所以答案为D项。
【考例3】(2018课标全国Ⅲ,D)
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids
learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
1.What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. The more, the better. B. Enough is enough.
C .More money, more worries. D. Earn more and spend more.
【答案】A　
【解析】考查词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句话可知,我帮我自己的孩子学会了用更少的东西生活得更好,由此推断出画线词语的意思是“越多越好”,所以答案为A项。B项:适可而止。C项: 钱越多就越担心。D项:挣得多花得多。这三项与父母希望孩子拥有更多的东西的想法不符。
【考例4】(2018北京,D)The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题).
What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Employed.　　 B. Replaced. C. Shared.　　 D. Reduced.
【答案】A　
【解析】考查词义猜测题。画线单词所在句子和后面一句话形成了转折关系,后面一句提到随着价格的下降和更多的人对这种技术的适应,无人驾驶汽车作为私家车的拥有量会提高,画线单词所在句子与后一句意思相反,表示的是“考虑到费用、责任与维护问题,首批无人驾驶车辆的个 人拥有情况不会很乐观,这些车几乎都会被叫车服务所利用”,因此可以判断出画线单词意为“使用,利用”,与 employed的意思一致。故选择A项。
【考例5】(2018江苏,B)Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn’t tell how much they’d had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, but were none the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.
1.The underlined phrase “none the wiser” in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were 　　????.
A. not aware of eating more than usual B .not willing to share food with others
C. not conscious of the food quality D. not fond of the food provided
【答案】A　
【解析】考查词义猜测题。画线短语前提到“在光线暗的地方吃饭,顾客无法判断已经吃了多少东西。被给了超大份食物的顾客会比其他人吃得多”, 画线短语后提到“他们并没有感觉到吃得更饱”,再根据连词but的提示可推断,画线短语的意思为“没有意识到比平常吃得更多”,故选A项。
【考例6】（2017·全国卷I）
Despite the celebrations, though, in the US the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It's Jason Moran's job to help change that. As the Kennedy Centre's artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
29．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Jazz becoming more accessible. B．The production of jazz growing faster.
C．Jazz being less popular with the young. D．The jazz audience becoming larger.
【答案】 C　
【解析】考查代词指代题。根据前文“Despite the celebrations, though, in the US the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.”可知，尽管联合国教科文组织为爵士乐设定了纪念日，但美国的爵士乐听众依然在减少，并且年龄在老化。爵士乐没能将年轻一代人与老一代人联接起来。再结合“It's Jason Moran's job to help change that.”可知，Jason Moran的工作就是帮助改变上述情况，所以可推测that指代的是前文中爵士乐在年轻一代人中失去吸引力的现象。故选C。
【考例7】（2017·全国卷II）
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.
33．What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in Paragraph 3?
【答案】 A　
【解析】考查词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch(进食者却成了别人的午餐)．”可知进攻者变成了被进攻者。由此推断“the tables are turned”意思是“局面反转”。
【考例8】（2017·全国卷III）
Grey wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.
29．What does the underlined word “displaced” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Tested. B．Separated. C．Forced out. D．Tracked down.
【答案】C　
【解析】考查词义猜测题。由前文的but可知，该词的意思和上文的“…once were seen here and there…”意思相反，故选C项。下文的“…disappeared from the Yellowstone area.”也有提示。test测试；separate分开；force out迫使离开，把……赶走；track down追捕到，追查出。
猜测词义的方法和技巧
根据定义、解释和复述猜测词义
猜测词义的方法很多，其中一条是根据定义或解释来猜测其意义。这种情况下，生词往往出现在前面，定义或解释往往跟在生词的后面，由or或破折号引出。生词的意义也就清楚了。复述也是一种解释方法，即用不同的词语重复表达同一内容。复述部分可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句或句子。在做这类题时，要注意复述和被复述部分往往构成同位语关系，在句中多用逗号连接，有时也用破折号、冒号或分号来连接。有时他们中间还常常插入一个起解释作用的标志语如or，or rather，that is to say，that is，namely，in other words 等来强调这种同位关系。
通过原因或结果关系猜测词义
文章中的上下文常常有因果关系，根据结果可以推测出原因。例如：because，since，as是连接原因状语从句的连词；so．．．that与such．．．that中的that是连接结果状语从句的连词。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句子中时，可以通过因果关系猜测生词含义。
3．根据对比关系猜测词义
这类题的上下文提示不是作者对生词、难词所做的解释和说明，而是需要读者运用语言知识和分析能力去细心搜寻和领悟相关信息之间存在的种种逻辑关系。根据这种逻辑关系所提供的思路和范围，来分析判断有关词的词义或相近的意义，从而达到理解全文思想内容的目的。转折词but，让步状语从句及unlike，in spite of，despite，however等一些介词和副词都可以帮助构成意义上的对比关系。
4．利用常识、自己的经验、经历及社会、科技等方面知识猜测词义
有时碰到生词，也不必惊慌。根据上下文或整句的理解，运用常识或相关的知识，也能猜出该生词的含义。
5.构词法猜测词义
合成法。合成词是由两个或两个以上的单词构成的。遇到这类生词时可根据合成法来猜测词义。
英语的合成词有合成形容词、合成名词等。合成形容词的构成方法如下:
形容词+现在分词，如 good-looking好看的
副词+现在分词，如 hard-working辛勤的
名词+过去分词，如 state-owned国有的
名词+现在分词，如 peace-loving爱好和平的
合成名词常见的方式有：
名词+名词，如 silkworm蚕
形容词+名词，如 shorthand速记
现在分词+名词，如waiting-room候车室
动词+名词，如 pickpocket扒手
派生法。派生法，即在词根的基础上加上前缀、后缀，便可构成另一单词。只要掌握了词根和前后缀的含义，就可推测出它们组成新词的词义。
词根是的基本含义，前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。如 depend动词——dependence名词——independence（独立）名词。
1．(2018天津十二所重点中学一联,C)
People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions(排放)vehicles”, but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from. Power plants mostly use fire to make it.
1.What does the underlined part mean in Paragraph 2?
A. People see the California Greens everywhere.
B. People there have no idea that so far electricity mainly comes from burning coal, oil, etc.
C. People in California love to have their roofs covered with solar cells.
D. People in California love to talk about zero-emissions vehicles.
【答案】B　
【解析】词义猜测题。结合画线部分所在句及后面的进一步说明可知选B。
2.（南京师范大学附属中学2018届5月模考B）“Google has basically looked the other way while it was able to generate revenues off of children's apps，” said Jeffrey Chester, the executive director of the Center for Digital Democracy. “The new, alarming report is further evidence that Google is thumbing_its_nose_at the only federal online privacy law that we have.”
What does the underlined phrase “thumbing its nose at” probably mean?
A. Observing. 　 B. Disrespecting. 　 C. Prohibiting. 　 D. Introducing.
【答案】B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文的句意：谷歌从根本上以另一种方法来看待，尽管它能从孩子的应用程序中获得收入。可知这个新的报告进一步的证明了谷歌对于唯一的联邦网上隐私法不屑一顾。所以选择意思接近的B项，不尊重。
3.（江苏省苏锡常镇四市2018届5月调研B）
So I should tell you just in case you’re worried about your fun capacity while you are sitting around waiting for the fun to start, that not much is. I don’t mean to put a damper on things. I just mean we ought to treat fun reverently. It is a mystery. It cannot be caught like a virus. It cannot be trapped like an animal. When fun comes in on little dancing feet, we probably won’t be expecting it. In fact, I bet it comes when we’re doing our duty, our job.
When the author tells us to “treat fun reverently”, she is encouraging us to .
A. look forward to having fun
B. show great respect for fun
C. have fun less frequently
D. teach others how to have fun6
【答案】B
【解析】猜测短语意思，需要结合上下文，首先划线部分前面有些人you’re worried about your funcapacity while you are sitting around waiting for the fun to start，又根据treat“对待”提示，这些是not treat fun with respect的表现；I don’t mean to put a damper on things, I just mean weought to…这说明作者在否定前面这些人的表现；再看划线部分后面it cannot be caught like a virus, it cannot be trapped like animal，更加确定了作者在这里提倡尊重fun，故选B。
4.（江苏省苏锡常镇四市2018届5月调研C）During an annular eclipse, NASA (the U. S. space agency) uses ground and space instruments to view the corona when the moon blocks the sun’s glare. The sudden blocking of the sun during an eclipse reduces the light and changes the temperature on the ground. This creates conditions that can affect local weather and animal behavior.
Which of the following cam replace the underlined word “glare”?
A. heat B. shadow C. shine D. radiation
【答案】C
【解析】单词量大的同学知道glare有强光的意思，所以显然选择C。如果不知道glare的意思的话，文中后一句“reduces the light and changes the temperature”因为动词用的是block，是遮挡的意思，所以应该是对应后文的light。所以此处应该选择C shine。
5.（江苏省苏锡常镇四市2018届5月调研D）She sighs, and her eyes look a hundred years old for a minute. “Any improvement is good,” she says half-heartedly.
The underlined word “half-heartedly” implies .
A. the mom is worried about her daughter’s mood
B. the mom believes her daughter slept well last night
C. the mom is too busy doing her housework a that time
D. the mom knows there is no improvement in her daughter’s health
【答案】D
【解析】女儿的回答是从来没有这么好过。但是母亲却一声长叹，仿佛老了一百岁（“she signs, and her eyes look ahundred years old for a minute”）显然母亲已经看透了事情的真相，知道女儿的身体正在一天天的恶化，所以“half-heatedly”代表着母亲知道女儿的健康没有得到一点的好转，答案选D。
6.（2018年江苏省南通,徐州等七市五月联考）Then, at the age of 30, I became your mum with all the joys and struggles this brought, as I refused the Asian traditions for a new baby’s arrival. From your birth, your life could not have been more different from mine. I was brought up on a council estate, within a tight-knit extended Muslim family, through which poverty, racism and neglect were woven. I was never given the freedoms or the opportunity to experience new things. Now, as I hear you play your piano, I am grateful that you have these opportunities.
By “your life could not have been more different from mine”, Mommy means ______.
A. her childhood was no different from her daughter’s
B. her parents treated her the way she does her daughter
C. her daughter experienced the same traditions at birth with her
D. her daughter can enjoy the opportunities which she didn’t
【答案】D
【解析】根据下文的描述could not have been more different 在文中应该指的是不能够更加不同了。因为在后文的描述中，作者童年生活在的是一个充满了种族歧视，贫穷和暴力的家庭和社会。所以女儿和自己生活必然是大不相同的。A选项no different 表示没有区别，错误。B选项她用她父母对待她的方式对待她的女儿，错误。C选项，她的女儿和她遭遇相同的处境，错误。D选项，她的女儿享受她不曾有的机会，正确。可以从“All the opportunities and freedoms that Ionly dreamed of as a young woman, I have offered you.”
7.（北京市精华学校2018年高三考前测试D） A group of researchers discovered that if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example: “The hand took hold of the ball”), the same mirror neurons were triggered as when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball).
The underlined word “triggered” in the third paragraph probably means “ ”.
A. set off B. cut off C. built up D. broken up
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据下文的perform和本句的含义可知“如果他们给人们一些句子来听，那么他们就会发出同样的神经元和进行一些行为动作一样。所以划线部分单词意为“发出”和set off近义。
8.（江苏省启东中学2018届高三最后一模C）Photosynthesis ground to a near halt in the trees facing the artificial heat wave. But to the researchers’ surprise, these trees continued to transpire at close-to-normal levels, effectively cooling themselves and their surroundings. The trees grown in warmer conditions coped just as well as the others, and photosynthesis rates bounced back to normal after the heat wave passed, Drake and his colleagues reported online in Global Change Biology.
The underlined phrase “ground to a near halt” in Paragraph 4 means “________”.
A. continued B. substituted
C. strengthened D. ceased
【答案】D
【解析】词义猜测题。由第二段中的“But exceptionally high temperatures are known to greatly reduce photosynthesis”可知，极度的高温会减少光合作用。由第四段后面的内容可知，令研究者们惊讶的是，面对着人工制造出来的热浪，这些树继续以接近正常的水平蒸发，有效地使自己和周围的环境凉爽下来。结合这两点可以推知，面对人工制造出来的热浪，光合作用应该是大大减少，但这并没有影响树木的蒸发。划线部分意思应当接近于“大大减少，降低”这一类的意思，结合选项，D选项正确：cease意为“停止”。
9.（江苏省启东中学2018届高三最后一模D）This is my origin story: when I was a teenager I wrote terrible poetry. Like really bad. Worse than yours, I bet. A lot of it about how every little thing reminds me that we’re all going to die one day. I wrote collections and collections of these poems, thinking one day I would have my moment. I named one collection, ironically, The Eternal Optimist.
What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 mean?
A. The author was sure he was going to die like everyone else.
B. The author was optimistic about the publication of his poetry.
C. The author was worried the tragedies in the poetry would happen to him.
D. The author was considering writing positive poems instead of terrible ones.
【答案】B
【解析】句意理解题。由该段中的“I named one collection, ironically, The Eternal Optimist.”可知，作者将自己写的一本诗集命名为“The Eternal Optimist”可以推知，作者写了很多诗集，他对自己的诗集有一天可以被发表持有乐观态度。故B选项正确。
10.（湖南师范大学附属中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考C）And there are several educational accessories that come with Musio, such as flash cards and a fold-out accordion board book. Using Sophy, the pointer, Musio can interact with these objects thanks to a Bluetooth low-energy connection and a special code implanted in the printed materials.
What does the underlined word “accessories” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Attachments. B. Sensors. C. Pointers. D. Platforms.
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“such as flash cards and a fold-out accordion board book”，这些都属于教育方面的附属软件。accessories译为附件。Attachments“附件”。故选A.
11.（河南省林州市一中2018届高三12月调研）Popular television shows such as “Come Dine With Me,” where amateur chefs attempt to wow the audience with their culinary (烹调的) skills, “Master Chef” where ordinary people compete to cook to Michelin standards (米其林餐厅评分标准) and a number of celebrity cookery shows have inspired Britons to entertain at home.
The underlined word “wow” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ”.
A. fill B. compare C. impress D. associate
【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。Popular television shows such as “Come Dine With Me,” where amateur chefs attempt to wow the audience with their culinary (烹调的) skills, “Master Chef” where ordinary people compete to cook to Michelin standards (米其林餐厅评分标准) and a number of celebrity cookery shows have inspired Britons to entertain at home.这段话的意思是英国人在家款待客人主要是受到一些人气电视节目的激发，比如《和我一起来吃饭》，业余厨师们在该节目中一展厨艺，赢得彼此的称赞，还有依据米其林餐厅评分标准的厨师选拔节目《大厨》及其他很多名人烹饪节目。Wow意思是给某人深刻印象，选C。
12.（广东省五校2018届高三联考）In contract, when there’s more homogeneity, perhaps it’s easier for some kinds of silence to appear. For example, among your closest friends and family it’s easier to sit in silence than with people you’re less well acquainted with.
What does the underlined word “homogeneity” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Similarity B. Contradiction C. Diversity D. Misunderstanding
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据下文的举例可知，越亲密的人，越容易出现沉默，因此推断画线句句意是：相比而言，当有更多相似时，也许沉默更容易出现。故画线词意思与similarlity意义相近。故选A。
13.（山东淄博实验中学2018届高三一诊）They scored higher in tests at the age of 5,but children whose first year at school was stimulating（使人兴奋的）outstripped them years later.
What does the underlined word "outstripped" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. did better than B. looked down upon
C. caught up with D. performed worse than
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。由They scored higher in tests at the age of 5,but children whose first year at school was stimulating（使人兴奋的）outstripped them years later.可猜出"outstripped"的意思是超过、超出，故选A。
14.(河北衡水中学2018届高三八模)During this dangerous and awesome 18-month pilgrimage, he met many hindrances as he was attacked by robbers, troubled by thirst, and forced to go back to his route due to war along the Red Sea.
The underlined word “hindrances” in Paragraph 3 can best be replaced by “________”.
A. tricks B. friends
C. barriers D. opportunities
【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据as he was attacked by robbers, troubled by thirst, and forced to go back to his route due to war along the Red Sea.可以判断出，Ibn Batutaa前往麦加朝圣途中经历了很多艰险，遇到了很多困难障碍。A. tricks 诡计；B. friends 朋友；C. barriers 障碍；D. opportunities 机会。
15.（甘肃省高台一中2018届高三第五次模拟）Applications for vehicle-to-vehicle communication range from vehicles driving together in a row, to safety messages about nearby emergency vehicles. Vehicles could alert each other to avoid collisions or share notices about passers-by and bicycles.
What does the underlined word “alert” mean in Paragraph 2?
A. Alarm. B. Condemn. C. Ignore. D. Govern.
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二段中to safety messages about nearby emergency vehicles.有关附近紧急车辆的安全信息。可知车辆之间可以互相提醒，避免碰撞或分享有关通知。由此可知划线词的意思是“提醒，报警”，故选A。
16.（辽宁省大连市旅顺口区2018届高三第二次联考）I was now about to enter his world, through the words he had left behind. Within minutes, I was captivated by the power of the written words. In the magical script before me. I was transported to another age when food was an everyday art, planned, prepared and enjoyed in the company of others, and a time when people had the heart to pause their own lives to embrace(拥抱) each other’s struggles.
The underlined word “captivated” in the second paragraph can be replaced by “ ”.
A. puzzled B. frightened C. attracted D. defeated
【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二段I was now about to enter his world, through the words he had left behind. Within minutes, I was captivated by the power of the written words.得知我想通过爷爷写的话语进入他的世界。看了几分钟我就被那些字吸引了。A. puzzled 困惑； B. frightened 害怕；C. attracted 吸引； D. defeated 打败。故选C。
17.(重庆市重点中学九校联盟2018届高三第一次联考) Using previous data, the researchers examined data from 16 published studies and used it to determine how much exercise is required to compensate for sitting. Their recommended daily exercise goal is higher than previous advice but not necessarily less achievable, given it can be completed throughout the day.
The underlined words “compensate for” can be best replaced by ________.
A. make up for B. break away from
C. give up D. take the place of
【答案】A
【解析】猜测词义题。此处指利用之前的数据，研究人员研究了16项已发表的研究数据，并利用它来确定需要多少运动来补偿久坐。“compensate for”指补偿，弥补，与make up for同义，故选A。
18. The SoyaPower G4 retains all the SoyaPower Plus features and functions. It makes soy milk, almond milk from other nuts seeds, or grains or a combination of them. It makes both fully cooked and raw milks. It even makes creamy soups and porridge and hot chocolate drink.
23. What?does?the?underlined?word?"retains" in?paragraph?3?mean?
A. Keeps B. Replaces C. Obtains D. Prohibits
【答案】A
【解析】猜测词义题。此处指SoyaPower G4保留了SoyaPower Plus所有的特点和功能， "retains"保留，与keeps同义，故选A。