专题 九 情态动词&虚拟语气（解析版+原卷版）

专题九 情态动词&虚拟语气（原卷版）
情态动词的考查同样是近几年高考的热点。情态动词可以表推测，也可以表虚拟等。要做好情态动词我们不仅要猜测语境，还要揣摩说话人的语气。尤其要注意情态动词 should，must，can／could，shall，will／would，may／might，need等的特殊用法。
虚拟语气在高考中也是常考的考点之一，主要考查以下5个方面：1、含有if引导的状语从句的虚拟语气?2、名词性从句中的虚拟语气3、混合虚拟条件句（错综虚拟条件句）4、含蓄条件句?5、虚拟语气省略if的倒装情况?
情态动词基本用法的考查
考查shall &should
【考例1】(2018江苏，24)It’s strange that he　　????have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
would　　 B. should　　 C. could　　 D. might
【答案】B　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：简直是太奇怪了，他竟然未得到主人的允许就把这些书拿走了。“It’s strange that...”句型中，that引导的主语从句的谓语部分用should+动词原形，属于should的用法之一，所以答案为B项。
【考例2】(2018天津市第一中学五月月考，8)No student　　????go out of school after eleven o’clock at night without the teacher’s permission.
will　　 B. must　　 C. may　　 D. shall
【答案】D　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：未经老师许可，学生在晚上十一点以后不得离校。shall“应，必须”，表条约、规章、法令等文件中的义务或规定。故选D。
【考例3】(2018天津六校二月联考，22)We　　????have watered these flowers yesterday. Today’s rain will be too much for them.
can’t　　 B. shouldn’t　　 C. may not　　 D. mustn’t
【答案】B　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我们昨天不该给这些花浇水。今天的雨对它们来说太大了。此处表示“过去不应该做某事而做了”，应用shouldn’t have done，故选B。
【考例4】(2018天津部分区高三质量调查二，15)What do you think would happen if the engine 　　????suddenly stop working?
should　　 B. might　　 C. could　　 D. would
【答案】?A　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：如果发动机突然停止工作，你认为会怎么样?此处表示可能，意为“假如，万一”，故选A。
【考例5】(2017天津十二所重点中学二模，2)The new supermarket has announced that the first to purchase goods on the opening day　　????get a big prize.
must　　 B. shall　　 C. would　　 D. could
【答案】B　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：这家新超市宣布，第一个在开张那天购买商品的人将获得一个大奖。shall在此处表示许诺。
【方法探究】此类试题首先要分析句子含义，再结合情态动词should的相关用法选出正确答案。
★知识链接★
①shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人在征求对方的意见或向对方请求做某事。
Shall we take a rest? I can't go any further．我们休息一下好吗?我一步都走不了了。
②shall可以用在第二、第三人称，不可以缩写。可以表示说话人的意图、意志、允诺、命令、命运或必然结果等；还可以在法律、条约、协定等文件中表示义务、规定等。例如：
Each citizen shall carry his identification card when traveling．(规定)旅游时每个市民务必带上身份证。
If you don't behave yourself，you shall be punished． (威胁)如果你行为不轨的话，你会受到惩罚的。
You shall get a new bicycle as a reward for doing well in the following final exam．(允诺)如果在下次期末考试中取得好成绩，你就会得到一辆新自行车作为奖励。
should可以表示估计，推论或推测的“应该”，还可以翻译成“可能，该，估计，按理说应当”等等。此外，还可以表示义务、责任，或建议别人按情理应该做某事等。例如：
The report is written after careful investigation，so it should be reliable．
这份报告是经过周密调查写成的，所以该是可靠的。
You should care what people think about you．你应该在乎人们怎样想你。
②表示惊讶，不以为然等情绪，用于某些句型中，多翻译为“竟然”；经常用于疑问句和感叹句中表示意外，惊异等情绪，常和疑问词(why，how，whom，what)连用，而且疑问句不必回答。例如：You can't imagine that such a good student like him should fad in the exam．你无法想象像他这样好的学生竟然在考试中失败了。
It is a marvel that she should have survived the disaster．她竟从那场灾难中幸存，真是个奇迹。
How should I know it? 我怎么会知道这件事?
When 1 went out， whom should I meet but my old friend Xiao Li.当我出去时，想不到竟会碰见我的老朋友小李!
③用于条件状语从句，表示“万一”。例如：
Should you be fired，your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off．万一你被解雇的话，你的医疗保障和其他福利不会被立刻切断。
④should have done本来应该做而实际上没有做；shouldn't have done本来不应该做而实际上却做了。例如； You should have told me earlier．你本应该早点告诉我。(没做)
You shouldn't have told her the fact．你本不应该告诉她真相。(做了)
考查can & could的用法
【考例1】(2018北京，12)In today’s information age， the loss of data 　　???? cause serious problems for a company.
A.need　　 B. should　　 C. can　　 D. must
【答案】C　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在当今的信息时代，对于一个公司来说，数据的丢失会造成严重的后果。根据句意可知，语境要体现的是一种客观的可能性，因此用can符合语境。
【考例2】(2018天津南开区一模，4)According to the latest study， most traffic accidents 　　????be prevented if drivers are careful enough.
A.must　　 B. can　　 C. have to　　 D. need
【答案】?B　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：依据最新的研究结果，如果司机足够小心的话，大多数交通事故是可以避免的。can表示客观的可能性，故为答案。
【考例3】(2018天津部分区高三质调一，7)Although passing the driving test 　　???? be difficult now， it’s worth the efforts.
A .need　　 B. shall　　 C. can　　 D. should
【答案】C　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：尽管现在通过驾照考试很难，但是付出的努力是值得的。此处表示一种客观的可能性，故选can(可能)。need需要；shall将要；should应该。
【考例4】(2018天津和平区三模，4)I　　????thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.
A.won’t 　　 B. can’t 　　 C. can 　　 D. will
?【答案】B　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我对我们不在家的时候你对我儿子的帮助不胜感激。can‘t...too...“无论怎样也不过分”为固定表达。
【考例5】(2018天津和平区二模，9)—I saw Mary in the library yesterday.
—You 　　????her. She is still abroad.
A. can’t have seen　　 B. mustn’t see C. mustn’t have seen　　D. couldn’t see
?【答案】A　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——我昨天在图书馆看到玛丽了。——你不可能看到她。她还在国外。此处表示对过去事情的否定性推测，表示“不可能”，故选A。
【考例6】(2017北京，21)Samuel， the tallest boy in our class，　　????easily reach the books on the top shelf.
must　　 B. should　　 C. can　　 D. need
【答案】C　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：塞缪尔是我们班里最高的男孩，他可以轻松地够到书架顶层的书。根据语义可知应用情态动词can“可以，能够”表示能力。must必须，should应该，need需要，均不符合句意。
【方法探究】can和could的用法很广泛，高考中对它们的特殊用法考的比较多，一定要重点掌握。
★知识链接★
①can和could可以表示某人或某物一时的特点，可以翻译成“有可能，有时会”。例如：
It can be very warm in this area．这个地区有时可能非常暖和。
He can be very friendly at times．他有时会非常友好。
②can／could表推测，用在否定疑问句中，表示可能性。
can't +have done表示对过去的有把握的否定推测，表示绝不可能发生某事。
③could have done表示本来能做某事，却没有做。
④英语句子中通常用比较级表示最高级。couldn't have done better就表示“不可能更好了”，也就是最好了。例如：
I can't agree with you more．我非常赞成你。
This work was very perfect，and it couldn’t have been better．这个作品非常完美，没有比这更好的了。
⑤can't／cannot…too／enough等后的附加疑问句的动词用肯定形式can，不用can't。
You can't be too careful when crossing the street．当你过马路的时候越小心越好。
3.考查will & would的用法
【考例1】(2018天津春，3)—What’s wrong with the door?
—The key has got stuck in it and 　　????come out.
shouldn’t　　 B. mustn’t　　 C. needn’t　　 D. won’t
?【答案】D　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——这扇门怎么啦?——钥匙卡在里面了，怎么也拔不出来。A：不应该；B：禁止；C：不必，不需要。will表示某事在某种情况下是真实或可能的，won’t表示“不能”。
【考例2】(2018天津河北区二模，14)What he said at the meeting made Mary rather embarrassed， so he felt that he 　　????it differently.
A. might express　　 B. should express
C. could have expressed　 D. must have expressed
【答案】C　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：他在会上说的话使玛丽颇为尴尬，所以他觉得自己本可以用不同的方式表达的。此处表示“过去本可以……，但是事实上却没有”，需用“could have done”形式，选C。
【考例3】(2018北京海淀区二模，10)When I was small， my mom 　　????read me stories at night.
A．could　　 B. should　　 C. might　　 D. would
【答案】D　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在我小的时候，我妈妈经常会在晚上给我读故事。此处表示“过去常常”，故选would。
【方法探究】would用法比较多，除了表示过去将来时以外，还有很多用法需要掌握。
★知识链接★
①表示意愿或固执坚持。用事物作主语时，表示固有性质，倾向。
The window won't open．窗子打不开。
The door won't shut．门关不上了。
②will可以用在陈述或条件从句中表示各种“愿望”，包括“请求，意愿，拒绝，同意，允许，能够，坚持，选择，计划”等，可用于各种人称。
Will you open，the window for me?你愿意为我打开窗户吗?
If you will make another try，I shall do everything possible to help you．(意愿)如果你愿意再试一次的话，我愿尽一切可能帮助你。
If you will not come late again，I shall let you in．(允诺)如果你答应不再迟到，我就让你进去。
③表示必然性或习惯性。
Fish will die without water．没有水，鱼儿会死亡。
④would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表过去习惯时比used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。例如：
The wound would not heal．伤口没有愈合。
During the vacation he would visit me every week．假期期间，他每周都来看我。
⑤ would + have done过去就会去做某事，常用在与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句中。
I would have helped you if I had known of your difficulties．要是我当时知道你的窘境，我就会帮助你了。(而实际上没有提供帮助)
If it hadn't rained yesterday，we would have gone on excursion．假如昨天没下雨，我们就去远足了。(实际上没有去)
4.考查may &might的用法
【考例1】(2018天津和平区一模，9)Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy； they 　　????just be quiet people.
A．may　　 B. must　　 C. should　　 D. would
【答案】A　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：有些不太喜欢说话的人不一定害羞，他们可能只是安静的人。语境表示“有可能”，且语气不太肯定，故选may。
【考例2】(2018天津十二所重点中学高三一联，11)I’m not sure of the reason for the dog’s illness， but it　? ???by eating too much.
A. may have been caused 　　 B. need have been caused
C. should have been caused　　 D. must have been caused
【答案】A　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我不确定这只狗生病的原因，但可能是吃得太多的缘故。此处表示对过去情况不太肯定的推测，需用may have done，故选A。should have done过去本应该做……而没有做……；must have done(过去一定做了……)表示对过去情况的肯定推测。
【考例3】(2018天津滨海新区七所重点学校毕业联考，17)—Are you coming to Jeff’s party?
—I’m not sure. I　　????go to the concert instead.
A．must　　 B. would　　 C. should　　 D. might
【答案】D　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——你来参加杰夫的聚会吗?——我不确定。我可能去听音乐会。此处表示较小的可能性或不太肯定的语气，故选might(也许，可能)。must必须；would将要；should应该。
【考例4】(2018天津十二校二联，11)There is a possibility that instead of cash， mobile payments 　　????become the main method of payment by 2020.
A.may　　 B. must　　 C. shall　　 D. need
【答案】A　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：移动支付有可能在2020年之前成为主要的支付方式，而不是现金支付。由前面的possibility可知，此处表不太肯定的推测，意为“或许，可能”，故选may。
【方法探究】高考中对may和might的考查主要还是关于推测的。
★知识链接★
表示许可。表示请求允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mustn’t表示“不可以”、“禁止”。
You may drive the car.你可以驾驶这辆车。
—Might I use your pen? ——我能用你的钢笔吗？
—No，you mustn’t. ——不，你不能。
表示推测、可能(常用于肯定句中)。
He may be very busy now.现在他可能很忙。
may／might well+动词原形表示“多半会，很可能”；may／might as well+动词原形表示“还不如，不妨”。例如：
For environmental reasons，we may as well take these waste products and have them recycled．为了环保起见，我们不妨把这些废品收集起来再利用。
②may have done／might have done对过去有可能发生的事情进行猜测，语气较弱。
But for this late flight，we might have been in Beijing for the meeting．
要不是因为航班延误，我们可能已经到北京开会了。
5.考查need & dare的用法
【考例1】(2017天津夏，2)My room is a mess， but I　　????clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
A．daren’t　　 B. shouldn’t　　 C. needn’t　　 D. mustn’t
【答案】C　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚外出之前我不需要打扫它。我可以早晨打扫。根据语境可知，我不需要打扫或没必要打扫房间，用needn’t符合题意。daren’t不敢，shouldn’t不应该，mustn’t表禁止，均不符合题意。
【考例2】(2016北京，31)I love the weekend， because I　　????get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
A.needn’t　　 B. mustn’t C. wouldn’t　　 D. shouldn’t
【答案】A????
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我爱周末，因为我不需要在周六和周日早起。根据句意可知用needn’t表示不需要。
【方法探究】need/dare用法也很多，且并不是很好掌握，需要用心研究。
★知识链接★
①need表示“需要”或“必须”，作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用must，have to，ought to或should代替。例如：
—Need I finish the work today?我需要今天完成作业吗?
—Yes，you must．是的，必须完成。
②needn't+不定式的完成式表示“本来不必做某事而实际上做了”。例如：
You needn't have waited for me．你没必要等我。 ；
③need作为情态动词有时用于含有only，all等表限制意义的肯定句中。例如：
This is the only form you need f．1l in．你要填的只有这一张表。
④在宾语从句中可直接用need表示过去(也可用didn't have to)。例如：
He said he need not[didn't have to]hurry．他说他不必匆忙。
⑤注意对"need +have+过去分词”结构疑问武的回答。例如：
—Need he have come so early?他需要早来吗?
—Yes，he had to．／No，he needn't have．是的，需要。／不，不必。
⑥有时后接进行式表示动作正在进行。例如：
We needn't be standing here in the rain．我们没有必要站在这里淋雨。
dare作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，过去式形式为dared。
How dare you say I’m unfair!你怎么敢说我不公平！
He daren’t speak English before such a crowd.他不敢在这么多人面前说英语。
6.考查must的用法
【考例1】(2018北京海淀区一模，14)You 　　????something great， otherwise you wouldn’t have got the promotion.
should do　　 B. must do C. should have done　　D. must have done
【答案】?D　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你一定做了什么很棒的事，否则你不会得到晋升。此处表示对过去情况的肯定推测，故用must have done，选D。
【考例2】.(2018天津红桥区二模，7)The two walls are to bear the weight of the room. You 　　????remove them.
A.needn’t　　 B. couldn’t　　 C. mustn’t　　 D. daren’t
【答案】?C　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：这两堵墙是承重墙。你不能把它们移走。mustn’t“禁止，千万不能”符合语境；needn’t不必；couldn’t不能；daren’t不敢。
【考例3】(2017天津春，8)Someone 　　???? the tap on， for the water was running over and flooding the bathroom.
A. could leave　　 B. must have left C．might leave　　 D. should have left
【答案】B　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：有人肯定忘关水龙头了，水溢了出来把浴室淹了。由for引出的分句中的was running可推知，是对过去发生的事情的肯定推测，故选B。
★知识链接★
1.must
①表示表示“义务、责任、命令”时意为“必须” 。 例如：
We must show concern for every student．我们必须关心每个学生。
You mustn't play with that knife．禁止玩刀具。
②表示一种揣测(只用在肯定句中)意思是“一定，准是”。例如：
There is no light on--she must be asleep now．灯没有亮着—她肯定睡了。
must have done表示对过去的最肯定的推测，附加疑问句一般用have或has，但是有明
确表示过去的时间状语(如：before除外)时，反意疑问句用过去时。例如：
He must have finished the work，hasn't he?他肯定已经完成了工作，是吗?
He must have gone abroad last week，didn't he?他上周已经出国了，是吗?
2．must用在条件句或疑问句中，有时表示固执坚持，意为“一定要，非得要”。
Must you make that dreadful noise?
你非要弄出这讨厌的噪音吗？
If you must go，take my umbrella.
如果你非要走，就带上我的伞。
6. 考点归纳
（1）cannot/never...too/enough...再……也不过分，越……越好
（2）can’t help/choose but do...只好做……
（3）can’t but do...不得不做……
（4）can’t help doing...情不自禁做……
（5）it can’t be helped实在没办法；无法避免
（6）more than sb.can...非某人所能……
（7）may/might well do...……很有可能做某事
（8）may/might as well do...不妨做……；还是做……的好
7. 虚拟语气的考查
一、考查虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用
【考例1】（2018·北京13）They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。
【考例2】（2018·天津15）. If we ___________the flight yesterday， we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught C. have caught D. would catch
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。
【考例3】(2018天津十二校二联，15)—I forgot all about the party yesterday.
—If my secretary hadn’t reminded me， I 　　????， too.
did　　 B. had　　 C. should　　 D. would have
【答案】D　
【解析】考查虚拟语气 。句意：——昨天的聚会我全忘了。——要不是我的秘书提醒我的话，我也会的。由时间状语yesterday及从句中的hadn’t reminded可知，此处是对过去情况的虚拟，故用“would +have done”，选D。此处为省略形式，省去了have后的done。
【考例4】(2018天津河西区一模，15)Without our team’s great effort， the art exhibition last week 　　????such a great success.
wouldn’t be　　 B. won’t be C. wouldn’t have been　D. won’t have been
【答案】??C　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：没有我们团队的巨大努力，上周的艺术展就不会取得如此大的成功。由without短语及last week可知，此处表示对过去情况的虚拟，故用“would +have done”结构，故选C。
【考例5】(2017 天津红桥区二模，14)If I 　　????time， I would certainly go to the movies with you， but I have a lot of work to do.
had　　 B. have 　　 C. will have 　　 D. had had
【答案】?A　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我有时间的话，我肯定会和你一起去看电影，但是我有很多工作要做。对现在情况的虚拟，条件句谓语动词需用动词的过去式，故选A。
★知识链接★
语气的分类
类别
语法意义
例 句
陈述
语气
用来陈述事实，有肯定、否定、疑问等形
式。谓语动词受人称、数、时态的限制。
Actions speak louder than words．
How should we act towards people who have AIDS?
祈使
语气
提出请求、劝告、命令或警告等。常用动词原形，否定式用“don't+动词原形”。
Let's speak English together．
Don't he late next time!
虚拟
语气
表示说的话不是事实，或不可能发生，只是一种愿望、假设或建议等。
If l were you，I should follow him．
I wish I could fly to the moon．
虚拟语气在I f条件状语从句中的表现形式及用法
if从句的谓语动词
主句谓语动词
1.与现在事实相反
动词过去式（be一律用were）
would/could/might/should+动词原形
2.与过去事实相反
had done
would/could/might/should+have done
3.与将来事实可能相反
a.动词过去式（be一律用were）
b.should+动词原形（不能用would）
c.were to+动词原形
would/could/might/should+动词原形
例如：
If that happened，it would be terrible．如果真的发生了那种事，一定会非常可怕。(实际并未发生)
If I were you，I would ask the teacher for advice．我要是你，就向老师请教。(我不可能变成你)
If I hadn't forgotten your telephone number，I should have called you 1ast Sunday．我要是没有忘记您的电话号码。上周日我就给你打电话了。
If I had had the money last week，I could have bought a car．如果我上星期有了这笔钱，我可能就会买了车。(事实是：当时没有这笔钱，结果没有买车)
If it rained tomorrow，I would not go there．要是明天真的下雨，我就不去那儿了。(说话人认为明天下雨的可能性很小)
If it should rain in a few days，the crops could be saved．假如这几天真的会下雨，庄稼就有可能得救。(说话人认为这几天不可能下雨)
If he were to come back this evening，he might help us repair the car．假如今晚他要是能回来，他也许会帮我们修车。(说话人认为他今晚不可能回来)
二、考查虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
【考例1】（2018·江苏24）It’s?strange?that?he?_______ have?taken?the?books?without?
the?owner’s?permission.
A. would B. should C. could D. might
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型“It+ be +某些形容词或过去分词+主语从句”中，其中由that引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用“should+动词原形”或省略should。故答案选B。
【考例2】（2018·江苏27） There is a good social life in the village， and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. have had
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。
【考例3】(2018江苏普通高校对口单招通考，6)The manager suggested that all the employees 　　???? name tags in the company.
to wear　　 B. should wear C. must wear　　 D. wearing
【答案】?B　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：经理建议所有员工在公司里都要戴上工牌。表建议的动词suggest后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，从句中谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”；故选B。
【考例4】(2018北京海淀区一模，8)—I went to the concert last night. It was fantastic!
—You were so lucky! How I wish I 　　????the ticket too.
had got　　 B. would get C. got　　 D .get
【答案】A　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：——昨晚我去听音乐会了，真是棒极了!——你太幸运了!我多么希望我也能拿到票呀。wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，由时间状语last night可知，是对过去的虚拟，谓语动词应用had done，故选A。
【考例5】(2017天津十二所重点中学二模，14)The movie couldn’t be more boring. I wish I　　????to it.
had not been　　 B. have not been C. did not go　　 D. have not gone
【答案】A　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：这部电影无聊透了。我希望我没有去看它。wish后的宾语从句表示对过去事情的虚拟，故谓语动词用过去完成时，选A。
【考例6】(2017北京海淀区一模，35)Waiters are requested to treat every customer as if they 　　???? guests in their own house.
are 　　 B. were　　 C. would be　　 D. had been
【答案】?B　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：服务员被要求要像对待自己家里的客人一样对待每一位顾客。as if引导的方式状语从句是对现在情况的假设，故需用动词的过去式，选B。
【考例7】(2018天津南开中学4月月考，13)The suggestion our teacher　　????at the meeting is that students　　????in time after learning.
made； review　　 B. make； review
C. should make； reviewed　　 D. made； reviewed
【答案】A　
【解析】考查虚拟语气和动词时态。句意：我们老师在会上提出的建议是学生在学完后应及时复习。our teacher 　　????at the meeting为省去关系代词的定语从句，根据语境可知应该用一般过去时；表示建议的名词suggestion后的表语从句用虚拟语气，其形式是“(should)+动词原形”，故选A。
【考例8】(2017北京海淀区一模，34)—Could we phone our English teacher now?
—Not now. I’m afraid he 　　???? be driving.
shall 　　 B. may　　 C. will　　 D. can
【答案】?B　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——我们现在可以给英语老师打电话吗?——现在别打。恐怕他可能正在开车。由I’m afraid可知，此处表示不太肯定的推测。may表“可能性”用于推测时，意为“或许，也许”。本题易错选D，can表推测时通常用在疑问句和否定句中。
【考例9】(2016天津十二区县二联，15)It’s no use envying others’ success. It‘s time you 　　???? hard.
must work　　 B. were to work C. work　　 D. should work
【答案】?D　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：嫉妒别人的成功是没有用的，是该你努力工作的时候了。在It’s time (that)...句式中，从句的谓语用动词的过去式或should+动词原形(should不能省略)。故选D。
★知识链接★
从句中须用虚拟语气的情况1、在主语从句中的应用
虚拟语气用在主语从句中，常用“It+ be +某些形容词或过去分词+主语从句”的句型表示，主语从句中的动词形式通常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟结构。should也可省略。
可用的词有三类
suggested， ordered， required， proposed， demanded， requested， insisted等
important， necessary， natural， imperative， strange等
a pity， a shame， no wonder等
例如：
It is necessary that you(should)attend the meeting．你有必要参加这个会议。
It is strange that he should say that．很奇怪，他竟然说出那种话。
It is suggested that the meeting be put off. 有人建议推迟开会的日期。2、在宾语从句中的应用
1）wish后面的从句
当wish的宾语从句表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。从句谓语根据时间情况用虚拟结构。在翻译wish虚拟句时应使用符合汉语习惯中表述“事与愿违”的一些词语。常用的有“可惜……”。“悔不该……”。“……就好了”。“不得已……”等。其宾语从句的动词形式为：
S+过去时（表现在）
S+ wish (that )+ S+ had+过去分词（表过去）
S+ could /would/ might+ V.(表将来)
例如：
I wish he knew her address．要是他知道她的地址就好了。(事实是：现在我不知道)
I wish I were as tall as you.　我希望和你一样高。
He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲过那样的话。
I wish I could fly to the moon one day．但愿有一天我能飞往月球。
I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
2）在表示命令、建议、要求，如order， suggest， propose， require， demand， request， insist， command， insist等一类动词后面的从句中，谓语动词用 （should） do等。例如：
I suggest that we （should） hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。
I suggest she (should)buy this dictionary．我建议她买这本字典。(可能买也可能不买，只表示建议)
He insisted that he （should ） be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。
I demanded that Bob go there at once．我要求鲍勃立即去那儿。
He ordered that the work (should)be started at once．他命令立即开始工作。
注意：如suggest， insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事时”，即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。例如：
He insisted that he had done right.他坚持认为他做的对。
His expression suggested that he was angry.他表情表明他很生气。
在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用
在demand，insist，suggestion，command，order，advice，request，plan，proposal等词后的表语或同位语从句中，其从句的谓语动词一律用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。例如：
My idea is that we（should）get more people to attend the conference.我的想法是让更多的人来参加会议。
I make a proposal that we（should）hold a meeting next week.我提个建议，下周我们开个会。
My suggestion is that we should get down to our work immediately．我的建议是立即开始工作。
We all agree to your proposal that we should put on a short play next week．我们都赞成你的建议，下周上演一个短剧。
在定语从句It is(high/about)time that……中，其后谓语动词用过去式，有时也有用“should+动词原形”的。例如：
It is time the boy should be sent to school now.(It is time the boy was sent to school now.)这孩子是上学的时候了。
It is high time you made up your mind．是你该下决心的时候了。
3.状语从句中的虚拟语气的情况
as if 或as though（好象......似的）引导的方式状语从句和表语从句中。 例如：
He works very hard as if he never intended to sleep．他工作非常努力，好像他从来不想睡觉似的。
It seems as if it were spring already．好像现在已经是春天了似的。
He talks (talked) as if he had been to American before.看他谈话的样子仿佛他以前去过美国似的。（这时从句中的谓语动词不受句中的谓语动词时态的影响与限制）
She cried as if her heart would break．她哭得心都要碎了。
He talks as if he would go the moon some day.他谈论起来，好象将有一天要去月球似的。
注意：若as if从句中的情况有可能发生，从句也可用陈述语气。例如：
It looks as if it is pure gold.看起来好象是真的。
Look， it looks as if it's going to rain.瞧！看起来，要下雨。
2）in order that（为了），so that（为了）， for fear that（以免），unless（除非），lest（以免）引导的从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”或“动词原形”；口语中也常用“can/could+动词原形”；而providing（倘若），supposing（假若），in case（假使）， on condition that（如果）+从句等变化形式同上文的if引导的非真实条件句。例如：
He tried his best to study in order that he might pass the exam.他尽最大努力学习，以便通过考试 。
He stayed at home for a few days so that he might have more time to study it.他在家里呆了几天，以便会有更多的时间来研究这个问题。
Tom dare not go near for fear that the animals bits.汤姆不敢走近，怕动物咬。
Providing (Supposing) the weather were bad， when would you go? 假定天气不好的话，你去哪儿呢？
在If only（=I wish）…引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气，意思是“要是……该多好呀!”。如：
S+ 过去时（表现在）
If only+ S+ had+ 过去分词（表过去）
S+ could/would/ might +V （表将来）
If only we had a car of our own! 我们要是有一辆自己的车该多好呀!(表示现在动词用过去式)
If only I were younger!要是我年轻一点该多好啊!
If only I had listened to your advice．当初我要是听你的劝告就好了。
三、混合虚拟条件句（错综虚拟条件句）
【考例1】(2018天津南开区三模，11)She would be much healthier now　　????with that much pressure from work when young.
A. had she not burdened herself B. were she not burdened
C. should she not burden herself D. were she not to be burdened
【答案】?A　
【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意：如果她年轻时没有承受那么大的工作压力，她现在会健康得多。该句为错综时间条件句，主句是对现在(now)的虚拟，从句是对过去(when young)的虚拟，故动词需用had done形式；此处把从句谓语had done中的助动词had提到主语前，用了倒装结构；故答案为A。
【考例2】(2018天津和平区二模，15)If he had spent more time practicing spoken English before， he　　???? able to speak it much better now.
will be　　 B. would be C. has been　　 D. would have been
【答案】?B????
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他以前花更多的时间练习英语口语，他现在就能说得更好了。此处为错综时间条件句，即主从句虚拟的时间不一样。从句是对过去的虚拟；由主句中的时间状语now可知，主句是对现在情况的虚拟，需用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”，故选B。
★知识链接★
在这种虚拟条件句中，从句和主句的动作行为发生的时间不一致。（如：一个是过去发生的，一个是现在发生的）。这时，动词的形式要根据各自所表示的时间作相应的变化。（一般都有具体的时间状语说明、显示）
1、从句是现在时；主句是过去时的混合虚拟：
If he could pass the exam now， he would have passed it last time. For these problems are no easier than those of last time.（从句是现在，主句是过去）如果他现在考试及格的话，那么上次也就及格了。因为这次题并不比上次的容易。
If I were you，I would have attended the 1ecture．如果我是你，我就去听演讲了。(从句说明现在，主句说明过去)
If I were you，I would have attended the 1ecture．如果我是你，我就去听演讲了。(从句说明现在，主句说明过去)
2、从句是过去时；主句是现在时的混合虚拟：
If he had followed the doctor's advice， he would be all right now.（从句说明过去，主句说明现在）如果他听了医生的劝告，他现在就好了。
If you had come earlier， you would join us in playing football.如果你早点来的话，你现在就可以和我们一起踢足球。
If you hadn't seen that late film last night， you wouldn't be sleepy now．如果你昨晚不去看那场很晚才开演的电影。你现在就不会困了。(从句说明过去，主句说明现在。)
If you had listened the doctor， you would be all right now．如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在)
If I hadn't spent much time practising speaking English school ， I would not be able to speak so well now．要不是我在上学时花很多时间练习说英语，现在我就不可能说得这么好。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在)
3、从句是现在时；主句是将来时的混合虚拟：
If he were here now， he was to start off together with us tomorrow.（从句说明现在，主句说明将来）如果他现在在这儿，他明天会和我们一起出发。
If we hadn't got everything ready by now， we should having a terrible time tomorrow．如果我们
现在一切还没有准备好，明天情况就糟了。（从句动作指现在，主句动作指将来）
4、从句过去时与将来时的混合虚拟：
If she had arrived home this morning， she might see her dying mother this afternoon.（从句说明过去，主句说明将来）如果她今天上午到家的话，今天下午也许能见到她临死的母亲。
5、虚拟语气结构中的从句或主句有时可以在形式上省略，但意义仍存在．
1．省去了条件从句的虚拟结构：
I would not have done it . 我是不会作那件事的。（省去了I had been you ）
You might stay here forever .我可以永远呆在这里。（省去了if you wanted to ）
2．省去了结果主句的虚拟语气：（常用以表示愿望）
If only I could help you. 假如我能帮助你，那该多好啊！!
If only the wind would stop .风要是停了该多好！
四、考查含蓄条件句的虚拟语气
【考例1】(2018天津南开区一模，5)We were delayed at the airport. Otherwise， we 　　????here by lunch.
must have been　　 B. could be C. should be　　 D. would have been
【答案】D　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们在机场被耽搁了。否则，我们就能在午餐前到这里了。We were delayed at the airport.是过去发生的事情；otherwise相当于“If we hadn’t been delayed at the airport”，故此处用would have done，选D。
【考例2】(2018天津十二所重点中学高三一联，15)My mother　　????angry with me， but I couldn’t shut my mouth before I shouted at her!
wasn’t　　 B. wouldn’t be C. wouldn’t have been 　D. hadn’t been
【答案】C　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我母亲本来不会生我的气的，但在我对她大喊大叫之前，我没闭上嘴!由but后的句子可知，此处是对过去情况的虚拟，故选C。
【考例3】(2018天津河东区一模，14)I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour； otherwise， I　　????you waiting for such a long time.
had not kept　　 B. will not keep
C. would not have kept　　 D. have not kept
?【答案】C　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我在路上堵了一个多小时，否则就不会让你等这么长时间了。由语境可知，此处是对过去事实的虚拟，故用“would +have+过去分词”，选C。
【考例4】(2018天津部分区高三质调一，15)Without your help， I 　　???? the first prize in the English Speech Contest.
won’t get　　 B. didn’t get C. wouldn’t get　　 D. wouldn’t have got
【答案】D　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：没有你的帮助，我不可能在英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖。without介词短语相当于一个if引导的虚拟条件从句，语境表明此处是对过去情况的虚拟，且为否定意义，故选D。
【考例5】(2018天津滨海新区七所重点学校毕业联考，30)But for your instruction， I　　????such great progress in so short a time. Thanks a lot.
wouldn’t make　　 B. hadn’t made C. won’t make 　　 D. wouldn’t have made
【答案】D　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是你的指导，我不会在这么短的时间内取得这么大的进步。非常感谢。由语境可知此处表示对过去情况的虚拟，应用“would/might/could +have done”形式，故选D。
【考例6】.(2018北京东城区一模，15)Can you imagine what the modern world　　????like without smart-phones?
were　　 B. would be C. had been　　 D. would have been
【答案】B　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：你能想象当今世界如果没有智能手机会是什么样子吗?此处without短语表示含蓄虚拟条件，此处是对现在情况的虚拟，需用“would+动词原形”，故选B。
【考例7】 (2018天津高考压轴卷，10)I didn’t know your mobile phone number； otherwise I　　????you the moment I got to Canada.
would ring　　 B. would have rung C .had rung　　 D. rang
【答案】?B　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我不知道你的手机号码，否则我一到加拿大就给你打电话了。由句中didn’t know和the moment I got可知，说的是过去的事，此处表示对过去的虚拟，应用“would have done”形式，故选B。
【考例8】(2018天津市第一中学下学期第四次月考，15)—Why didn’t you buy an iPhone 8s?It’s the most amazing phone.
—I 　　????， but I didn’t have the money.
must　　 B. must have　　 C. would　　 D. would have
【答案】D　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：——你为什么不买一部iPhone 8s?这是最棒的手机。——我本来想买来着，但我没有钱。but引出的句子相当于“if I had had the money”；此处表示对过去的虚拟，用would have done，D项为其省略形式，省去了have后的过去分词。
★知识链接★
含蓄虚拟条件句
前后两个句子根据陈述的需要，其中有一个句子用虚拟语气，有一个句子用陈述语气，这种现象称之为含蓄条件句。
1、在有分词短语或独立主格结构的句子中，谓语用虚拟结构。如：
Having known in time(=If we had known in time)，we might have prevented the accident．如果我们及时知道的话，我们也许就能避免这起事故了。
United(=If they had been united)，they wouldn't have been defeated．他们要是团结起来，就不会被打败了。
2、用but for......或without等介词短语来代替条件从句。意为“如果没有”。but for相当于If it had not been for......，表示与过去事实相反的情况，可与without互换；但当without所表示的情况是与现在事实相反时，二者则不能互换。例如：
The ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the captain.要没有那位船长的努力，就会连船带人都沉没了。
But for(=Without) John， Jane would have fallen into water.如果没有约翰珍妮可能会掉进水里。
But for their help(=If it were not for their help)，we could not get over the difficulties.要不是他们的帮助．我们是克服不了这些困难的。
注意：用but引导条件结构的两种形式：
句型I：would+动词原形+but+现在时陈述句—表示与现在事实相反的假设。例如：
He would gain weight but he doesn't eat enough.他增加体重了可他吃的并不多。
句型II： would +have+过去分词+but+过去时陈述句—表示与过去事实相反的假设。例如：
He would have given you more help but he was so busy.他本来要给你一些帮助的，只是他太忙了。
I would have written before， but I have been ill.我本来该早些给你写信的，但我生病了。
3、用otherwise（or，or else），though，although等表示与上下文所指的情况不同，从而引出虚拟语气。例如：
He was very busy doing his experiments in physics， otherwise(or else) he would have given you much help.他当时正忙于做物理实验，否则他会给你很大帮助的。
I'm really busy，otherwise(=if I weren't so busy)，I would certainly go with you．我确实
太忙了。不然的话。我一定和你一块去。
Einstein had little concern for money， though(although) he could have been a very rich man.尽管爱因斯坦本可以成为非常富有的人，但他对金钱不感兴趣。
上述两例若用but表达用意，则可改写为：
He would have given you much help， but he was very busy doing his experiments in physics.
Einstein could have been a very rich man， but he had little concern for money.
4、用介词短语表示虚拟结构。
常用来表示虚拟条件的介词有with without，in，under，but for等。它们表示的虚拟条件都可以被if从句替换。例如：
Without air，there would be no living things．(without air，if there were no air)没有空气，便没有生物。
With her help (=If I had her help)，I would do the experiment well．假如有她帮助，我就可以把这个实验做好。
Under the leadership of a less experienced person， the experiment would have failed．(Under…=If there had been the leadership of a less experienced person) 假设在一个缺少经验的人领导下进行实验，实验准会失败。
I would have lost my head in that position．(in that position=if I had been in that position)我处在那种情况下，是会丧失理智的。
5、在would rather后接that从句时。从句谓语用虚拟结构，表示与现在或将来事实相反时，谓语动词用过去式；表示与过去事实相反时，谓语动词用过去完成式。如：
I'd rather you went home now．我宁愿你现在就回家。
I would rather he had stayed at the hotel yesterday．我真希望他昨天在那家宾馆里待着。
6、在对过去应该做而没做的事情表示责备的句子中，谓语用should+现在完成式 的虚拟结构。如：
You should have been here five minutes ago．你本应该5分钟前就到这儿。
I should have told you about it earlier．有关这事我本应该早告诉你。
7、在in order that，so that引导的目的状语从句中，用may或might+动词原形(so that从句中也可用can或could)表示虚拟语气。如：
They asked the driver to stop the beast so that they could have a“look”他们要求驱赶员让那动物停一下以便让他们看一下。
He came ten minutes earlier in order that he might get a good seat．他早来10分钟以便
占个好座位。
8、在If only（=I wish）…引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气，意思是“要是……该多好呀!”。如：
S+ 过去时（表现在）
If only+ S+ had+ 过去分词（表过去）
S+ could/would/ might +V （表将来）
If only we had a car of our own! 我们要是有一辆自己的车该多好呀!(表示现在动词用过去式)
If only she were my sister! 要是她是我姐姐多好啊！
If only I hadn't 1ost my dictionary! 我的词典要是没丢该多好呀!(表过去)
If only she had not left! 要是她没有离开该多好啊！
9．表希望、想法、打算、意图的动词，如intend，hope，want，plan， mean等的过去完成时态或不定式用完成时态时．表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。
He had hoped for a better job，but he didn’t get it．他原希望找一个好的工作，但他没有得到。
I had meant to go to the party，but I had to work extra hours to prepare a speech．我原打算去参加这个聚会，但我得加时准备演讲。
I intended to have helped you，but I was very busy at that time．我原打算向帮助他，但我当时很忙。
10．不定式短语，名词短语引导的虚拟语气。如
It would be a mistake not to help him . 不帮助他是一个错误。
An honest man would have acted differently .要是一个诚实的，表现就不一样了。
11．if it not were for …..“要是没有”
If it had not been for ……
He would have die .
句型：if it had not been for the PLA man he would not be studying English now .
All this would be impossible.
虚拟语气常用来表示婉转或礼貌。谓语动词用“would (should )，might ，could +动词原形”。例如：
I would rather do it myself. 我情愿自己做。
Might I ask you a question now? 现在我可以问这个问题吗？
Perhaps you could do better this way. 这样做或许会好些。
虚拟语气用在简单句中，较常见的两种情况
1）动词原形live 用在long live ….中。如：
Long live the people! 人民万岁！
2）用在句子开头，表示“祝愿”。如：
May you be happy！ 祝你快乐！
May you succeed！ 祝你成功！

五、虚拟语气省略if的情况?
【考例1】(2017天津和平区一模，15)I’m sorry. 　　???? for my illness， I would have come and lent you a helping hand.
Were it not　　 B. If it were not C. Had it not been　　 D. If it has not been
?【答案】C　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我很抱歉。要不是我病了，我会来帮你一把的。该句为对过去的虚拟，由主句谓语动词形式would have done以及句意可知，此处应用If it had not been或Had it not been，故选C。
【考例2】(2017天津河东区二模,11)　　????the rain stop, the crops would be saved.
A.Will 　　 B. Would 　　 C. Should 　　 D. Had
【答案】C　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果雨停了的话,庄稼就会得救了。should“(表示可能)假如,万一”,常用在虚拟条件句中。
★知识链接★
如果从句中有动词had，should，were，可省略if，并采用倒装形式。但如果从句中没有were，had，should，则不能这样做。如：
Had he seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it．如果他昨天见到你。他就会问你这件事。
Should it (Were it to)rain，the crops would be saved．如果天下雨。庄稼就会得救。
选择题（Choose the best answer）
1. （南京市 2019 届高三年级学情调研）Mr. Wills， who was being helped up onto the platform to take the prize， looked as if he by lightning.
A．was just struck B. were just struck C. would just be struck D. had just been struck
2. （江苏省扬州中学2018届第四次模考32） Don’t worry too much，Mum！My friends ______ to consider your advice. Let me remind them of it now.
A. could forget B. could have forgotten
C. should forget D. should have forgotten
3. （徐州市2018考前模拟22）The economy is growing at a rate of one percent， but the rise is not as fast as it _______ have been as we assumed.
A. must B. should C. could D. need
4. （南京师范大学附属中学2018届5月模考28）If you want to improve your figure and health， the most effective thing to do is to show up at the gym every time you ________ be there.
A. can 　 B. will 　 C. may 　 D. shall
5. （南京市2018届第三次模考22） Held inside for too long， regret ______affect the immune system?
A．must B. can C. should D. shall
6. （江苏省苏锡常镇四市2018届5月调研34）—It’s so cold here! Why haven’t you turned on your air-conditioner?
—Well， it turn on.
A. shouldn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. shan’t
7. （江苏省苏锡常镇四市2018届5月调研32）. —I can’t believe it. Tom failed the test again!
—He would not be So upset now your advice.
A. would he follow B. should he follow C. did he follow D. had he followed
8. （北京市精华学校2018年高三考前测试3）You ________ have booked the tickets in advance； there were plenty left.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
9. （北京市精华学校2018年高三考前测试15）I was on a business trip then， otherwise I ________ to the hospital for tests.
A. went B. had gone C. would have gone D. would go
10. （北京中国人民大学附属中学2018届高三考前热身15）We the sunshine in Sanya now if it were not for the delay of our flight.
A. were enjoying B. would have enjoyed C. would be enjoying D. will enjoy
11. （北京中国人民大学附属中学2018届高三考前热身12）My mobile phone is missing. Who
it?
A. must have taken B. must take C. could have taken D. could take
12. （江苏省启东中学2018届高三最后一模8）—What is your impression of your former colleague Nick?
—He’s helpful， and he ________ give us a hand at work.
A. must B. would C. may D. should
13. （天津市第一中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考15）--Tom， your foreign teacher speaks Chinese fluently!
--Oh， she has lived in China for six years； otherwise she such good Chinese.
A. didn’t speak B. would not have spoken
C. would not speak D. hadn’t spoken
14. （天津市第一中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考10）
It was sad to me that they， so poor themselves， bring me food
A. might B. would C. should D. could
15. （天津市第一中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考6）You have been to Singapore， for you know so much about the local customs.
A. must B. should C. need D. can
16. （天津市耀华中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考14）
--- With the failure of the experiment， we have reached a dead end.
--- Cheer up! Many good things would never have happened if the bad events________ first.
A. don’t happen B. didn’t happen C. hadn’t happened D. haven’t happened
17.（天津市耀华中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考5）
--- What do you think of Betty?
--- She is a lovely girl， though she ________be naughty sometimes.
A. should B. must C. need D. can
18.(2017天津十二所重点中学一模，2)—Can I go now， sir?
—If you 　　???? leave， do it quietly.
A．should　　 B. must　　 C. shall　　 D. may
19.(2017北京海淀区一模，35)Waiters are requested to treat every customer as if they 　　???? guests in their own house.
A. are 　 B. were　　 C. would be　　 D. had been
20. (2018天津河西区二模，15)Thanks for your useful advice； otherwise I 　　????such rapid progress.
didn’t make　　 B. couldn’t have made C. hadn’t made　　 D. haven’t made
二、句型训练（Choose the right words in brackets）
1.I've ordered some pizza, so we ________ worry about cooking when we get home tired.
2.I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________ (will) take me to Disneyland at weekends.
3.Although you ________ find bargains in London, it's not generally a cheap place to shop.
4.The children ________ (get) lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.
5.They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they ________ (come) to our help.
6．________ he ________ (catch) the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
7．To our great surprise, the disabled person made a requirement that he ________ (receive) as a volunteer.
8．The girl had been suffering from lung cancer, yet she acted as if nothing ________ (happen) to her while we were together.
9.We often hear that children wish they ________ (be) grown－ups, and that old people wish to be young.
10.It’s no use envying others’ success. It‘s time you 　　???? （work）hard.
三、完形填空
（黄冈市2018年高三年级9月质量检测）I had the pleasure and honor of serving as Newport Beach ocean lifeguard（救生员）for five years. One day, I was working at Tower 15, Two___1___ to my right was another guard named Mike, who was working at Tower 17. He called me over the phone and said, “I have noticed a couple of kids. I am going to give them a ___2___.Keep an eye on us."
I said. "Sure.” And he ___3___.
Anytime you got out of your tower, you were ___4___to let somebody else know, so as to avoid accidents. And ___5___enough, as soon as he hung up the phone ,a rip current（离岸流）snapped up under these two kids, and they were getting sucked down into the water. Mike saw it and he ran at full ___6___to the ocean.
I called for backup and said, "Two children ___7___ in water. Call for backup. 17 was ___8___.I'm going."
By then, the mother of The two kids had ___9___what was happening. She screamed. I started rushing toward the ocean, but _____10_____ I was even halfway there, Mike had _____11_____ the kids -a boy and a girl. Mike told me later that he got to the boy first, and when he turned to the girl, he had to _____12_____ into the water and catch her by the hair to _____13_____ her out.
When I reached the mother, Mike was _____14_____ in waist-deep water. The kids were so_____15_____that they couldn't walk, so Mike got one kid under each of his_____16_____ and brought them onto the beach.
I _____17_____the mother and said, "Hey, it's going to be OK. They're _____18_____now." I saw that the _____19_____ started to disappear from her.
What a frightening experience! What a _____20_____ Mike is l
1. A. blocks B. oceans C. viewers D. phones
2. A. signal B. warming C. notice D. hand
3. A. held up B. showed up C. hung up D. made up
4. A. commanded B. supposed C. arranged D. clarified
5. A. sure B. brave C. swift D. determined
6. A. energy B. risk C. wall D. speed
7. A. drowned B. broke C. dropped D. jumped
8. A. ready B. injured C. lost D. cut
9. A. experienced B. realized C. shared D. confirmed
10. A. after B. until C. before D. although
11. A. reached B. saved C. abandoned D. directed
12. A. sink B. stare C. dive D. dip
13. A. push B. pull C. shake D. carry
14. A. also B. indeed C. just D. still
15. A. exhausted B. thrilled C. shocked D. excited
16. A. legs B. eyes C. shoulders D. arms
17. A. turned to B. appealed to C. cheered for D. glanced at
18. A. dead B. lucky C. safe D. rewarding
19. A. delight B. relief C. terror D. appreciation
20. A. judge B. hero C. coach D. model
四、短文改错
（2018 武汉市部分学校新高三起点调研测试）
Dear Sir,
Last Saturday I went shop at your food store and saw a saleswoman take the ready-to-eat food with the same hands that she took the money. I didn’t think this was not the right thing to do for her. But when I told her so, she got so angrily that she said it was none of your business and asked me to leave the counter.
A saleswoman has a bad effect on your store. I am sure that you will not allow so kind of things to happen again. I suggest that you had ways to punish those who is irresponsible to the work and impolite to the customer. I will appreciate if you let me know what you have done to solve the problem.
Yours faithfully,
Lei Yang
专题九 情态动词&虚拟语气（解析版）
情态动词的考查同样是近几年高考的热点。情态动词可以表推测，也可以表虚拟等。要做好情态动词我们不仅要猜测语境，还要揣摩说话人的语气。尤其要注意情态动词 should，must，can／could，shall，will／would，may／might，need等的特殊用法。
虚拟语气在高考中也是常考的考点之一，主要考查以下5个方面：1、含有if引导的状语从句的虚拟语气?2、名词性从句中的虚拟语气3、混合虚拟条件句（错综虚拟条件句）4、含蓄条件句?5、虚拟语气省略if的倒装情况?
情态动词基本用法的考查
考查shall &should
【考例1】(2018江苏，24)It’s strange that he　　????have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
would　　 B. should　　 C. could　　 D. might
【答案】B　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：简直是太奇怪了，他竟然未得到主人的允许就把这些书拿走了。“It’s strange that...”句型中，that引导的主语从句的谓语部分用should+动词原形，属于should的用法之一，所以答案为B项。
【考例2】(2018天津市第一中学五月月考，8)No student　　????go out of school after eleven o’clock at night without the teacher’s permission.
will　　 B. must　　 C. may　　 D. shall
【答案】D　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：未经老师许可，学生在晚上十一点以后不得离校。shall“应，必须”，表条约、规章、法令等文件中的义务或规定。故选D。
【考例3】(2018天津六校二月联考，22)We　　????have watered these flowers yesterday. Today’s rain will be too much for them.
can’t　　 B. shouldn’t　　 C. may not　　 D. mustn’t
【答案】B　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我们昨天不该给这些花浇水。今天的雨对它们来说太大了。此处表示“过去不应该做某事而做了”，应用shouldn’t have done，故选B。
【考例4】(2018天津部分区高三质量调查二，15)What do you think would happen if the engine 　　????suddenly stop working?
should　　 B. might　　 C. could　　 D. would
【答案】?A　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：如果发动机突然停止工作，你认为会怎么样?此处表示可能，意为“假如，万一”，故选A。
【考例5】(2017天津十二所重点中学二模，2)The new supermarket has announced that the first to purchase goods on the opening day　　????get a big prize.
must　　 B. shall　　 C. would　　 D. could
【答案】B　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：这家新超市宣布，第一个在开张那天购买商品的人将获得一个大奖。shall在此处表示许诺。
【方法探究】此类试题首先要分析句子含义，再结合情态动词should的相关用法选出正确答案。
★知识链接★
①shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人在征求对方的意见或向对方请求做某事。
Shall we take a rest? I can't go any further．我们休息一下好吗?我一步都走不了了。
②shall可以用在第二、第三人称，不可以缩写。可以表示说话人的意图、意志、允诺、命令、命运或必然结果等；还可以在法律、条约、协定等文件中表示义务、规定等。例如：
Each citizen shall carry his identification card when traveling．(规定)旅游时每个市民务必带上身份证。
If you don't behave yourself，you shall be punished． (威胁)如果你行为不轨的话，你会受到惩罚的。
You shall get a new bicycle as a reward for doing well in the following final exam．(允诺)如果在下次期末考试中取得好成绩，你就会得到一辆新自行车作为奖励。
should可以表示估计，推论或推测的“应该”，还可以翻译成“可能，该，估计，按理说应当”等等。此外，还可以表示义务、责任，或建议别人按情理应该做某事等。例如：
The report is written after careful investigation，so it should be reliable．
这份报告是经过周密调查写成的，所以该是可靠的。
You should care what people think about you．你应该在乎人们怎样想你。
②表示惊讶，不以为然等情绪，用于某些句型中，多翻译为“竟然”；经常用于疑问句和感叹句中表示意外，惊异等情绪，常和疑问词(why，how，whom，what)连用，而且疑问句不必回答。例如：You can't imagine that such a good student like him should fad in the exam．你无法想象像他这样好的学生竟然在考试中失败了。
It is a marvel that she should have survived the disaster．她竟从那场灾难中幸存，真是个奇迹。
How should I know it? 我怎么会知道这件事?
When 1 went out， whom should I meet but my old friend Xiao Li.当我出去时，想不到竟会碰见我的老朋友小李!
③用于条件状语从句，表示“万一”。例如：
Should you be fired，your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off．万一你被解雇的话，你的医疗保障和其他福利不会被立刻切断。
④should have done本来应该做而实际上没有做；shouldn't have done本来不应该做而实际上却做了。例如； You should have told me earlier．你本应该早点告诉我。(没做)
You shouldn't have told her the fact．你本不应该告诉她真相。(做了)
考查can & could的用法
【考例1】(2018北京，12)In today’s information age， the loss of data 　　???? cause serious problems for a company.
A.need　　 B. should　　 C. can　　 D. must
【答案】C　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在当今的信息时代，对于一个公司来说，数据的丢失会造成严重的后果。根据句意可知，语境要体现的是一种客观的可能性，因此用can符合语境。
【考例2】(2018天津南开区一模，4)According to the latest study， most traffic accidents 　　????be prevented if drivers are careful enough.
A.must　　 B. can　　 C. have to　　 D. need
【答案】?B　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：依据最新的研究结果，如果司机足够小心的话，大多数交通事故是可以避免的。can表示客观的可能性，故为答案。
【考例3】(2018天津部分区高三质调一，7)Although passing the driving test 　　???? be difficult now， it’s worth the efforts.
A .need　　 B. shall　　 C. can　　 D. should
【答案】C　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：尽管现在通过驾照考试很难，但是付出的努力是值得的。此处表示一种客观的可能性，故选can(可能)。need需要；shall将要；should应该。
【考例4】(2018天津和平区三模，4)I　　????thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.
A.won’t 　　 B. can’t 　　 C. can 　　 D. will
?【答案】B　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我对我们不在家的时候你对我儿子的帮助不胜感激。can‘t...too...“无论怎样也不过分”为固定表达。
【考例5】(2018天津和平区二模，9)—I saw Mary in the library yesterday.
—You 　　????her. She is still abroad.
A. can’t have seen　　 B. mustn’t see C. mustn’t have seen　　D. couldn’t see
?【答案】A　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——我昨天在图书馆看到玛丽了。——你不可能看到她。她还在国外。此处表示对过去事情的否定性推测，表示“不可能”，故选A。
【考例6】(2017北京，21)Samuel， the tallest boy in our class，　　????easily reach the books on the top shelf.
must　　 B. should　　 C. can　　 D. need
【答案】C　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：塞缪尔是我们班里最高的男孩，他可以轻松地够到书架顶层的书。根据语义可知应用情态动词can“可以，能够”表示能力。must必须，should应该，need需要，均不符合句意。
【方法探究】can和could的用法很广泛，高考中对它们的特殊用法考的比较多，一定要重点掌握。
★知识链接★
①can和could可以表示某人或某物一时的特点，可以翻译成“有可能，有时会”。例如：
It can be very warm in this area．这个地区有时可能非常暖和。
He can be very friendly at times．他有时会非常友好。
②can／could表推测，用在否定疑问句中，表示可能性。
can't +have done表示对过去的有把握的否定推测，表示绝不可能发生某事。
③could have done表示本来能做某事，却没有做。
④英语句子中通常用比较级表示最高级。couldn't have done better就表示“不可能更好了”，也就是最好了。例如：
I can't agree with you more．我非常赞成你。
This work was very perfect，and it couldn’t have been better．这个作品非常完美，没有比这更好的了。
⑤can't／cannot…too／enough等后的附加疑问句的动词用肯定形式can，不用can't。
You can't be too careful when crossing the street．当你过马路的时候越小心越好。
3.考查will & would的用法
【考例1】(2018天津春，3)—What’s wrong with the door?
—The key has got stuck in it and 　　????come out.
shouldn’t　　 B. mustn’t　　 C. needn’t　　 D. won’t
?【答案】D　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——这扇门怎么啦?——钥匙卡在里面了，怎么也拔不出来。A：不应该；B：禁止；C：不必，不需要。will表示某事在某种情况下是真实或可能的，won’t表示“不能”。
【考例2】(2018天津河北区二模，14)What he said at the meeting made Mary rather embarrassed， so he felt that he 　　????it differently.
A. might express　　 B. should express
C. could have expressed　 D. must have expressed
【答案】C　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：他在会上说的话使玛丽颇为尴尬，所以他觉得自己本可以用不同的方式表达的。此处表示“过去本可以……，但是事实上却没有”，需用“could have done”形式，选C。
【考例3】(2018北京海淀区二模，10)When I was small， my mom 　　????read me stories at night.
A．could　　 B. should　　 C. might　　 D. would
【答案】D　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在我小的时候，我妈妈经常会在晚上给我读故事。此处表示“过去常常”，故选would。
【方法探究】would用法比较多，除了表示过去将来时以外，还有很多用法需要掌握。
★知识链接★
①表示意愿或固执坚持。用事物作主语时，表示固有性质，倾向。
The window won't open．窗子打不开。
The door won't shut．门关不上了。
②will可以用在陈述或条件从句中表示各种“愿望”，包括“请求，意愿，拒绝，同意，允许，能够，坚持，选择，计划”等，可用于各种人称。
Will you open，the window for me?你愿意为我打开窗户吗?
If you will make another try，I shall do everything possible to help you．(意愿)如果你愿意再试一次的话，我愿尽一切可能帮助你。
If you will not come late again，I shall let you in．(允诺)如果你答应不再迟到，我就让你进去。
③表示必然性或习惯性。
Fish will die without water．没有水，鱼儿会死亡。
④would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表过去习惯时比used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。例如：
The wound would not heal．伤口没有愈合。
During the vacation he would visit me every week．假期期间，他每周都来看我。
⑤ would + have done过去就会去做某事，常用在与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句中。
I would have helped you if I had known of your difficulties．要是我当时知道你的窘境，我就会帮助你了。(而实际上没有提供帮助)
If it hadn't rained yesterday，we would have gone on excursion．假如昨天没下雨，我们就去远足了。(实际上没有去)
4.考查may &might的用法
【考例1】(2018天津和平区一模，9)Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy； they 　　????just be quiet people.
A．may　　 B. must　　 C. should　　 D. would
【答案】A　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：有些不太喜欢说话的人不一定害羞，他们可能只是安静的人。语境表示“有可能”，且语气不太肯定，故选may。
【考例2】(2018天津十二所重点中学高三一联，11)I’m not sure of the reason for the dog’s illness， but it　? ???by eating too much.
A. may have been caused 　　 B. need have been caused
C. should have been caused　　 D. must have been caused
【答案】A　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我不确定这只狗生病的原因，但可能是吃得太多的缘故。此处表示对过去情况不太肯定的推测，需用may have done，故选A。should have done过去本应该做……而没有做……；must have done(过去一定做了……)表示对过去情况的肯定推测。
【考例3】(2018天津滨海新区七所重点学校毕业联考，17)—Are you coming to Jeff’s party?
—I’m not sure. I　　????go to the concert instead.
A．must　　 B. would　　 C. should　　 D. might
【答案】D　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——你来参加杰夫的聚会吗?——我不确定。我可能去听音乐会。此处表示较小的可能性或不太肯定的语气，故选might(也许，可能)。must必须；would将要；should应该。
【考例4】(2018天津十二校二联，11)There is a possibility that instead of cash， mobile payments 　　????become the main method of payment by 2020.
A.may　　 B. must　　 C. shall　　 D. need
【答案】A　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：移动支付有可能在2020年之前成为主要的支付方式，而不是现金支付。由前面的possibility可知，此处表不太肯定的推测，意为“或许，可能”，故选may。
【方法探究】高考中对may和might的考查主要还是关于推测的。
★知识链接★
表示许可。表示请求允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mustn’t表示“不可以”、“禁止”。
You may drive the car.你可以驾驶这辆车。
—Might I use your pen? ——我能用你的钢笔吗？
—No，you mustn’t. ——不，你不能。
表示推测、可能(常用于肯定句中)。
He may be very busy now.现在他可能很忙。
may／might well+动词原形表示“多半会，很可能”；may／might as well+动词原形表示“还不如，不妨”。例如：
For environmental reasons，we may as well take these waste products and have them recycled．为了环保起见，我们不妨把这些废品收集起来再利用。
②may have done／might have done对过去有可能发生的事情进行猜测，语气较弱。
But for this late flight，we might have been in Beijing for the meeting．
要不是因为航班延误，我们可能已经到北京开会了。
5.考查need & dare的用法
【考例1】(2017天津夏，2)My room is a mess， but I　　????clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
A．daren’t　　 B. shouldn’t　　 C. needn’t　　 D. mustn’t
【答案】C　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚外出之前我不需要打扫它。我可以早晨打扫。根据语境可知，我不需要打扫或没必要打扫房间，用needn’t符合题意。daren’t不敢，shouldn’t不应该，mustn’t表禁止，均不符合题意。
【考例2】(2016北京，31)I love the weekend， because I　　????get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
A.needn’t　　 B. mustn’t C. wouldn’t　　 D. shouldn’t
【答案】A????
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我爱周末，因为我不需要在周六和周日早起。根据句意可知用needn’t表示不需要。
【方法探究】need/dare用法也很多，且并不是很好掌握，需要用心研究。
★知识链接★
①need表示“需要”或“必须”，作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用must，have to，ought to或should代替。例如：
—Need I finish the work today?我需要今天完成作业吗?
—Yes，you must．是的，必须完成。
②needn't+不定式的完成式表示“本来不必做某事而实际上做了”。例如：
You needn't have waited for me．你没必要等我。 ；
③need作为情态动词有时用于含有only，all等表限制意义的肯定句中。例如：
This is the only form you need f．1l in．你要填的只有这一张表。
④在宾语从句中可直接用need表示过去(也可用didn't have to)。例如：
He said he need not[didn't have to]hurry．他说他不必匆忙。
⑤注意对"need +have+过去分词”结构疑问武的回答。例如：
—Need he have come so early?他需要早来吗?
—Yes，he had to．／No，he needn't have．是的，需要。／不，不必。
⑥有时后接进行式表示动作正在进行。例如：
We needn't be standing here in the rain．我们没有必要站在这里淋雨。
dare作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，过去式形式为dared。
How dare you say I’m unfair!你怎么敢说我不公平！
He daren’t speak English before such a crowd.他不敢在这么多人面前说英语。
6.考查must的用法
【考例1】(2018北京海淀区一模，14)You 　　????something great， otherwise you wouldn’t have got the promotion.
should do　　 B. must do C. should have done　　D. must have done
【答案】?D　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你一定做了什么很棒的事，否则你不会得到晋升。此处表示对过去情况的肯定推测，故用must have done，选D。
【考例2】.(2018天津红桥区二模，7)The two walls are to bear the weight of the room. You 　　????remove them.
A.needn’t　　 B. couldn’t　　 C. mustn’t　　 D. daren’t
【答案】?C　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：这两堵墙是承重墙。你不能把它们移走。mustn’t“禁止，千万不能”符合语境；needn’t不必；couldn’t不能；daren’t不敢。
【考例3】(2017天津春，8)Someone 　　???? the tap on， for the water was running over and flooding the bathroom.
A. could leave　　 B. must have left C．might leave　　 D. should have left
【答案】B　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：有人肯定忘关水龙头了，水溢了出来把浴室淹了。由for引出的分句中的was running可推知，是对过去发生的事情的肯定推测，故选B。
★知识链接★
1.must
①表示表示“义务、责任、命令”时意为“必须” 。 例如：
We must show concern for every student．我们必须关心每个学生。
You mustn't play with that knife．禁止玩刀具。
②表示一种揣测(只用在肯定句中)意思是“一定，准是”。例如：
There is no light on--she must be asleep now．灯没有亮着—她肯定睡了。
must have done表示对过去的最肯定的推测，附加疑问句一般用have或has，但是有明
确表示过去的时间状语(如：before除外)时，反意疑问句用过去时。例如：
He must have finished the work，hasn't he?他肯定已经完成了工作，是吗?
He must have gone abroad last week，didn't he?他上周已经出国了，是吗?
2．must用在条件句或疑问句中，有时表示固执坚持，意为“一定要，非得要”。
Must you make that dreadful noise?
你非要弄出这讨厌的噪音吗？
If you must go，take my umbrella.
如果你非要走，就带上我的伞。
6. 考点归纳
（1）cannot/never...too/enough...再……也不过分，越……越好
（2）can’t help/choose but do...只好做……
（3）can’t but do...不得不做……
（4）can’t help doing...情不自禁做……
（5）it can’t be helped实在没办法；无法避免
（6）more than sb.can...非某人所能……
（7）may/might well do...……很有可能做某事
（8）may/might as well do...不妨做……；还是做……的好
7. 虚拟语气的考查
一、考查虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用
【考例1】（2018·北京13）They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。
【考例2】（2018·天津15）. If we ___________the flight yesterday， we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught C. have caught D. would catch
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。
【考例3】(2018天津十二校二联，15)—I forgot all about the party yesterday.
—If my secretary hadn’t reminded me， I 　　????， too.
did　　 B. had　　 C. should　　 D. would have
【答案】D　
【解析】考查虚拟语气 。句意：——昨天的聚会我全忘了。——要不是我的秘书提醒我的话，我也会的。由时间状语yesterday及从句中的hadn’t reminded可知，此处是对过去情况的虚拟，故用“would +have done”，选D。此处为省略形式，省去了have后的done。
【考例4】(2018天津河西区一模，15)Without our team’s great effort， the art exhibition last week 　　????such a great success.
wouldn’t be　　 B. won’t be C. wouldn’t have been　D. won’t have been
【答案】??C　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：没有我们团队的巨大努力，上周的艺术展就不会取得如此大的成功。由without短语及last week可知，此处表示对过去情况的虚拟，故用“would +have done”结构，故选C。
【考例5】(2017 天津红桥区二模，14)If I 　　????time， I would certainly go to the movies with you， but I have a lot of work to do.
had　　 B. have 　　 C. will have 　　 D. had had
【答案】?A　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我有时间的话，我肯定会和你一起去看电影，但是我有很多工作要做。对现在情况的虚拟，条件句谓语动词需用动词的过去式，故选A。
★知识链接★
语气的分类
类别
语法意义
例 句
陈述
语气
用来陈述事实，有肯定、否定、疑问等形
式。谓语动词受人称、数、时态的限制。
Actions speak louder than words．
How should we act towards people who have AIDS?
祈使
语气
提出请求、劝告、命令或警告等。常用动词原形，否定式用“don't+动词原形”。
Let's speak English together．
Don't he late next time!
虚拟
语气
表示说的话不是事实，或不可能发生，只是一种愿望、假设或建议等。
If l were you，I should follow him．
I wish I could fly to the moon．
虚拟语气在I f条件状语从句中的表现形式及用法
if从句的谓语动词
主句谓语动词
1.与现在事实相反
动词过去式（be一律用were）
would/could/might/should+动词原形
2.与过去事实相反
had done
would/could/might/should+have done
3.与将来事实可能相反
a.动词过去式（be一律用were）
b.should+动词原形（不能用would）
c.were to+动词原形
would/could/might/should+动词原形
例如：
If that happened，it would be terrible．如果真的发生了那种事，一定会非常可怕。(实际并未发生)
If I were you，I would ask the teacher for advice．我要是你，就向老师请教。(我不可能变成你)
If I hadn't forgotten your telephone number，I should have called you 1ast Sunday．我要是没有忘记您的电话号码。上周日我就给你打电话了。
If I had had the money last week，I could have bought a car．如果我上星期有了这笔钱，我可能就会买了车。(事实是：当时没有这笔钱，结果没有买车)
If it rained tomorrow，I would not go there．要是明天真的下雨，我就不去那儿了。(说话人认为明天下雨的可能性很小)
If it should rain in a few days，the crops could be saved．假如这几天真的会下雨，庄稼就有可能得救。(说话人认为这几天不可能下雨)
If he were to come back this evening，he might help us repair the car．假如今晚他要是能回来，他也许会帮我们修车。(说话人认为他今晚不可能回来)
二、考查虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
【考例1】（2018·江苏24）It’s?strange?that?he?_______ have?taken?the?books?without?
the?owner’s?permission.
A. would B. should C. could D. might
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型“It+ be +某些形容词或过去分词+主语从句”中，其中由that引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用“should+动词原形”或省略should。故答案选B。
【考例2】（2018·江苏27） There is a good social life in the village， and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. have had
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。
【考例3】(2018江苏普通高校对口单招通考，6)The manager suggested that all the employees 　　???? name tags in the company.
to wear　　 B. should wear C. must wear　　 D. wearing
【答案】?B　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：经理建议所有员工在公司里都要戴上工牌。表建议的动词suggest后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，从句中谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”；故选B。
【考例4】(2018北京海淀区一模，8)—I went to the concert last night. It was fantastic!
—You were so lucky! How I wish I 　　????the ticket too.
had got　　 B. would get C. got　　 D .get
【答案】A　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：——昨晚我去听音乐会了，真是棒极了!——你太幸运了!我多么希望我也能拿到票呀。wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，由时间状语last night可知，是对过去的虚拟，谓语动词应用had done，故选A。
【考例5】(2017天津十二所重点中学二模，14)The movie couldn’t be more boring. I wish I　　????to it.
had not been　　 B. have not been C. did not go　　 D. have not gone
【答案】A　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：这部电影无聊透了。我希望我没有去看它。wish后的宾语从句表示对过去事情的虚拟，故谓语动词用过去完成时，选A。
【考例6】(2017北京海淀区一模，35)Waiters are requested to treat every customer as if they 　　???? guests in their own house.
are 　　 B. were　　 C. would be　　 D. had been
【答案】?B　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：服务员被要求要像对待自己家里的客人一样对待每一位顾客。as if引导的方式状语从句是对现在情况的假设，故需用动词的过去式，选B。
【考例7】(2018天津南开中学4月月考，13)The suggestion our teacher　　????at the meeting is that students　　????in time after learning.
made； review　　 B. make； review
C. should make； reviewed　　 D. made； reviewed
【答案】A　
【解析】考查虚拟语气和动词时态。句意：我们老师在会上提出的建议是学生在学完后应及时复习。our teacher 　　????at the meeting为省去关系代词的定语从句，根据语境可知应该用一般过去时；表示建议的名词suggestion后的表语从句用虚拟语气，其形式是“(should)+动词原形”，故选A。
【考例8】(2017北京海淀区一模，34)—Could we phone our English teacher now?
—Not now. I’m afraid he 　　???? be driving.
shall 　　 B. may　　 C. will　　 D. can
【答案】?B　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——我们现在可以给英语老师打电话吗?——现在别打。恐怕他可能正在开车。由I’m afraid可知，此处表示不太肯定的推测。may表“可能性”用于推测时，意为“或许，也许”。本题易错选D，can表推测时通常用在疑问句和否定句中。
【考例9】(2016天津十二区县二联，15)It’s no use envying others’ success. It‘s time you 　　???? hard.
must work　　 B. were to work C. work　　 D. should work
【答案】?D　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：嫉妒别人的成功是没有用的，是该你努力工作的时候了。在It’s time (that)...句式中，从句的谓语用动词的过去式或should+动词原形(should不能省略)。故选D。
★知识链接★
从句中须用虚拟语气的情况1、在主语从句中的应用
虚拟语气用在主语从句中，常用“It+ be +某些形容词或过去分词+主语从句”的句型表示，主语从句中的动词形式通常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟结构。should也可省略。
可用的词有三类
suggested， ordered， required， proposed， demanded， requested， insisted等
important， necessary， natural， imperative， strange等
a pity， a shame， no wonder等
例如：
It is necessary that you(should)attend the meeting．你有必要参加这个会议。
It is strange that he should say that．很奇怪，他竟然说出那种话。
It is suggested that the meeting be put off. 有人建议推迟开会的日期。2、在宾语从句中的应用
1）wish后面的从句
当wish的宾语从句表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。从句谓语根据时间情况用虚拟结构。在翻译wish虚拟句时应使用符合汉语习惯中表述“事与愿违”的一些词语。常用的有“可惜……”。“悔不该……”。“……就好了”。“不得已……”等。其宾语从句的动词形式为：
S+过去时（表现在）
S+ wish (that )+ S+ had+过去分词（表过去）
S+ could /would/ might+ V.(表将来)
例如：
I wish he knew her address．要是他知道她的地址就好了。(事实是：现在我不知道)
I wish I were as tall as you.　我希望和你一样高。
He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲过那样的话。
I wish I could fly to the moon one day．但愿有一天我能飞往月球。
I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
2）在表示命令、建议、要求，如order， suggest， propose， require， demand， request， insist， command， insist等一类动词后面的从句中，谓语动词用 （should） do等。例如：
I suggest that we （should） hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。
I suggest she (should)buy this dictionary．我建议她买这本字典。(可能买也可能不买，只表示建议)
He insisted that he （should ） be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。
I demanded that Bob go there at once．我要求鲍勃立即去那儿。
He ordered that the work (should)be started at once．他命令立即开始工作。
注意：如suggest， insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事时”，即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。例如：
He insisted that he had done right.他坚持认为他做的对。
His expression suggested that he was angry.他表情表明他很生气。
在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用
在demand，insist，suggestion，command，order，advice，request，plan，proposal等词后的表语或同位语从句中，其从句的谓语动词一律用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。例如：
My idea is that we（should）get more people to attend the conference.我的想法是让更多的人来参加会议。
I make a proposal that we（should）hold a meeting next week.我提个建议，下周我们开个会。
My suggestion is that we should get down to our work immediately．我的建议是立即开始工作。
We all agree to your proposal that we should put on a short play next week．我们都赞成你的建议，下周上演一个短剧。
在定语从句It is(high/about)time that……中，其后谓语动词用过去式，有时也有用“should+动词原形”的。例如：
It is time the boy should be sent to school now.(It is time the boy was sent to school now.)这孩子是上学的时候了。
It is high time you made up your mind．是你该下决心的时候了。
3.状语从句中的虚拟语气的情况
as if 或as though（好象......似的）引导的方式状语从句和表语从句中。 例如：
He works very hard as if he never intended to sleep．他工作非常努力，好像他从来不想睡觉似的。
It seems as if it were spring already．好像现在已经是春天了似的。
He talks (talked) as if he had been to American before.看他谈话的样子仿佛他以前去过美国似的。（这时从句中的谓语动词不受句中的谓语动词时态的影响与限制）
She cried as if her heart would break．她哭得心都要碎了。
He talks as if he would go the moon some day.他谈论起来，好象将有一天要去月球似的。
注意：若as if从句中的情况有可能发生，从句也可用陈述语气。例如：
It looks as if it is pure gold.看起来好象是真的。
Look， it looks as if it's going to rain.瞧！看起来，要下雨。
2）in order that（为了），so that（为了）， for fear that（以免），unless（除非），lest（以免）引导的从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”或“动词原形”；口语中也常用“can/could+动词原形”；而providing（倘若），supposing（假若），in case（假使）， on condition that（如果）+从句等变化形式同上文的if引导的非真实条件句。例如：
He tried his best to study in order that he might pass the exam.他尽最大努力学习，以便通过考试 。
He stayed at home for a few days so that he might have more time to study it.他在家里呆了几天，以便会有更多的时间来研究这个问题。
Tom dare not go near for fear that the animals bits.汤姆不敢走近，怕动物咬。
Providing (Supposing) the weather were bad， when would you go? 假定天气不好的话，你去哪儿呢？
在If only（=I wish）…引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气，意思是“要是……该多好呀!”。如：
S+ 过去时（表现在）
If only+ S+ had+ 过去分词（表过去）
S+ could/would/ might +V （表将来）
If only we had a car of our own! 我们要是有一辆自己的车该多好呀!(表示现在动词用过去式)
If only I were younger!要是我年轻一点该多好啊!
If only I had listened to your advice．当初我要是听你的劝告就好了。
三、混合虚拟条件句（错综虚拟条件句）
【考例1】(2018天津南开区三模，11)She would be much healthier now　　????with that much pressure from work when young.
A. had she not burdened herself B. were she not burdened
C. should she not burden herself D. were she not to be burdened
【答案】?A　
【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意：如果她年轻时没有承受那么大的工作压力，她现在会健康得多。该句为错综时间条件句，主句是对现在(now)的虚拟，从句是对过去(when young)的虚拟，故动词需用had done形式；此处把从句谓语had done中的助动词had提到主语前，用了倒装结构；故答案为A。
【考例2】(2018天津和平区二模，15)If he had spent more time practicing spoken English before， he　　???? able to speak it much better now.
will be　　 B. would be C. has been　　 D. would have been
【答案】?B????
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他以前花更多的时间练习英语口语，他现在就能说得更好了。此处为错综时间条件句，即主从句虚拟的时间不一样。从句是对过去的虚拟；由主句中的时间状语now可知，主句是对现在情况的虚拟，需用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”，故选B。
★知识链接★
在这种虚拟条件句中，从句和主句的动作行为发生的时间不一致。（如：一个是过去发生的，一个是现在发生的）。这时，动词的形式要根据各自所表示的时间作相应的变化。（一般都有具体的时间状语说明、显示）
1、从句是现在时；主句是过去时的混合虚拟：
If he could pass the exam now， he would have passed it last time. For these problems are no easier than those of last time.（从句是现在，主句是过去）如果他现在考试及格的话，那么上次也就及格了。因为这次题并不比上次的容易。
If I were you，I would have attended the 1ecture．如果我是你，我就去听演讲了。(从句说明现在，主句说明过去)
If I were you，I would have attended the 1ecture．如果我是你，我就去听演讲了。(从句说明现在，主句说明过去)
2、从句是过去时；主句是现在时的混合虚拟：
If he had followed the doctor's advice， he would be all right now.（从句说明过去，主句说明现在）如果他听了医生的劝告，他现在就好了。
If you had come earlier， you would join us in playing football.如果你早点来的话，你现在就可以和我们一起踢足球。
If you hadn't seen that late film last night， you wouldn't be sleepy now．如果你昨晚不去看那场很晚才开演的电影。你现在就不会困了。(从句说明过去，主句说明现在。)
If you had listened the doctor， you would be all right now．如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在)
If I hadn't spent much time practising speaking English school ， I would not be able to speak so well now．要不是我在上学时花很多时间练习说英语，现在我就不可能说得这么好。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在)
3、从句是现在时；主句是将来时的混合虚拟：
If he were here now， he was to start off together with us tomorrow.（从句说明现在，主句说明将来）如果他现在在这儿，他明天会和我们一起出发。
If we hadn't got everything ready by now， we should having a terrible time tomorrow．如果我们
现在一切还没有准备好，明天情况就糟了。（从句动作指现在，主句动作指将来）
4、从句过去时与将来时的混合虚拟：
If she had arrived home this morning， she might see her dying mother this afternoon.（从句说明过去，主句说明将来）如果她今天上午到家的话，今天下午也许能见到她临死的母亲。
5、虚拟语气结构中的从句或主句有时可以在形式上省略，但意义仍存在．
1．省去了条件从句的虚拟结构：
I would not have done it . 我是不会作那件事的。（省去了I had been you ）
You might stay here forever .我可以永远呆在这里。（省去了if you wanted to ）
2．省去了结果主句的虚拟语气：（常用以表示愿望）
If only I could help you. 假如我能帮助你，那该多好啊！!
If only the wind would stop .风要是停了该多好！
四、考查含蓄条件句的虚拟语气
【考例1】(2018天津南开区一模，5)We were delayed at the airport. Otherwise， we 　　????here by lunch.
must have been　　 B. could be C. should be　　 D. would have been
【答案】D　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我们在机场被耽搁了。否则，我们就能在午餐前到这里了。We were delayed at the airport.是过去发生的事情；otherwise相当于“If we hadn’t been delayed at the airport”，故此处用would have done，选D。
【考例2】(2018天津十二所重点中学高三一联，15)My mother　　????angry with me， but I couldn’t shut my mouth before I shouted at her!
wasn’t　　 B. wouldn’t be C. wouldn’t have been 　D. hadn’t been
【答案】C　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我母亲本来不会生我的气的，但在我对她大喊大叫之前，我没闭上嘴!由but后的句子可知，此处是对过去情况的虚拟，故选C。
【考例3】(2018天津河东区一模，14)I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour； otherwise， I　　????you waiting for such a long time.
had not kept　　 B. will not keep
C. would not have kept　　 D. have not kept
?【答案】C　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我在路上堵了一个多小时，否则就不会让你等这么长时间了。由语境可知，此处是对过去事实的虚拟，故用“would +have+过去分词”，选C。
【考例4】(2018天津部分区高三质调一，15)Without your help， I 　　???? the first prize in the English Speech Contest.
won’t get　　 B. didn’t get C. wouldn’t get　　 D. wouldn’t have got
【答案】D　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：没有你的帮助，我不可能在英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖。without介词短语相当于一个if引导的虚拟条件从句，语境表明此处是对过去情况的虚拟，且为否定意义，故选D。
【考例5】(2018天津滨海新区七所重点学校毕业联考，30)But for your instruction， I　　????such great progress in so short a time. Thanks a lot.
wouldn’t make　　 B. hadn’t made C. won’t make 　　 D. wouldn’t have made
【答案】D　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是你的指导，我不会在这么短的时间内取得这么大的进步。非常感谢。由语境可知此处表示对过去情况的虚拟，应用“would/might/could +have done”形式，故选D。
【考例6】.(2018北京东城区一模，15)Can you imagine what the modern world　　????like without smart-phones?
were　　 B. would be C. had been　　 D. would have been
【答案】B　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：你能想象当今世界如果没有智能手机会是什么样子吗?此处without短语表示含蓄虚拟条件，此处是对现在情况的虚拟，需用“would+动词原形”，故选B。
【考例7】 (2018天津高考压轴卷，10)I didn’t know your mobile phone number； otherwise I　　????you the moment I got to Canada.
would ring　　 B. would have rung C .had rung　　 D. rang
【答案】?B　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我不知道你的手机号码，否则我一到加拿大就给你打电话了。由句中didn’t know和the moment I got可知，说的是过去的事，此处表示对过去的虚拟，应用“would have done”形式，故选B。
【考例8】(2018天津市第一中学下学期第四次月考，15)—Why didn’t you buy an iPhone 8s?It’s the most amazing phone.
—I 　　????， but I didn’t have the money.
must　　 B. must have　　 C. would　　 D. would have
【答案】D　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：——你为什么不买一部iPhone 8s?这是最棒的手机。——我本来想买来着，但我没有钱。but引出的句子相当于“if I had had the money”；此处表示对过去的虚拟，用would have done，D项为其省略形式，省去了have后的过去分词。
★知识链接★
含蓄虚拟条件句
前后两个句子根据陈述的需要，其中有一个句子用虚拟语气，有一个句子用陈述语气，这种现象称之为含蓄条件句。
1、在有分词短语或独立主格结构的句子中，谓语用虚拟结构。如：
Having known in time(=If we had known in time)，we might have prevented the accident．如果我们及时知道的话，我们也许就能避免这起事故了。
United(=If they had been united)，they wouldn't have been defeated．他们要是团结起来，就不会被打败了。
2、用but for......或without等介词短语来代替条件从句。意为“如果没有”。but for相当于If it had not been for......，表示与过去事实相反的情况，可与without互换；但当without所表示的情况是与现在事实相反时，二者则不能互换。例如：
The ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the captain.要没有那位船长的努力，就会连船带人都沉没了。
But for(=Without) John， Jane would have fallen into water.如果没有约翰珍妮可能会掉进水里。
But for their help(=If it were not for their help)，we could not get over the difficulties.要不是他们的帮助．我们是克服不了这些困难的。
注意：用but引导条件结构的两种形式：
句型I：would+动词原形+but+现在时陈述句—表示与现在事实相反的假设。例如：
He would gain weight but he doesn't eat enough.他增加体重了可他吃的并不多。
句型II： would +have+过去分词+but+过去时陈述句—表示与过去事实相反的假设。例如：
He would have given you more help but he was so busy.他本来要给你一些帮助的，只是他太忙了。
I would have written before， but I have been ill.我本来该早些给你写信的，但我生病了。
3、用otherwise（or，or else），though，although等表示与上下文所指的情况不同，从而引出虚拟语气。例如：
He was very busy doing his experiments in physics， otherwise(or else) he would have given you much help.他当时正忙于做物理实验，否则他会给你很大帮助的。
I'm really busy，otherwise(=if I weren't so busy)，I would certainly go with you．我确实
太忙了。不然的话。我一定和你一块去。
Einstein had little concern for money， though(although) he could have been a very rich man.尽管爱因斯坦本可以成为非常富有的人，但他对金钱不感兴趣。
上述两例若用but表达用意，则可改写为：
He would have given you much help， but he was very busy doing his experiments in physics.
Einstein could have been a very rich man， but he had little concern for money.
4、用介词短语表示虚拟结构。
常用来表示虚拟条件的介词有with without，in，under，but for等。它们表示的虚拟条件都可以被if从句替换。例如：
Without air，there would be no living things．(without air，if there were no air)没有空气，便没有生物。
With her help (=If I had her help)，I would do the experiment well．假如有她帮助，我就可以把这个实验做好。
Under the leadership of a less experienced person， the experiment would have failed．(Under…=If there had been the leadership of a less experienced person) 假设在一个缺少经验的人领导下进行实验，实验准会失败。
I would have lost my head in that position．(in that position=if I had been in that position)我处在那种情况下，是会丧失理智的。
5、在would rather后接that从句时。从句谓语用虚拟结构，表示与现在或将来事实相反时，谓语动词用过去式；表示与过去事实相反时，谓语动词用过去完成式。如：
I'd rather you went home now．我宁愿你现在就回家。
I would rather he had stayed at the hotel yesterday．我真希望他昨天在那家宾馆里待着。
6、在对过去应该做而没做的事情表示责备的句子中，谓语用should+现在完成式 的虚拟结构。如：
You should have been here five minutes ago．你本应该5分钟前就到这儿。
I should have told you about it earlier．有关这事我本应该早告诉你。
7、在in order that，so that引导的目的状语从句中，用may或might+动词原形(so that从句中也可用can或could)表示虚拟语气。如：
They asked the driver to stop the beast so that they could have a“look”他们要求驱赶员让那动物停一下以便让他们看一下。
He came ten minutes earlier in order that he might get a good seat．他早来10分钟以便
占个好座位。
8、在If only（=I wish）…引导的感叹句中，用虚拟语气，意思是“要是……该多好呀!”。如：
S+ 过去时（表现在）
If only+ S+ had+ 过去分词（表过去）
S+ could/would/ might +V （表将来）
If only we had a car of our own! 我们要是有一辆自己的车该多好呀!(表示现在动词用过去式)
If only she were my sister! 要是她是我姐姐多好啊！
If only I hadn't 1ost my dictionary! 我的词典要是没丢该多好呀!(表过去)
If only she had not left! 要是她没有离开该多好啊！
9．表希望、想法、打算、意图的动词，如intend，hope，want，plan， mean等的过去完成时态或不定式用完成时态时．表示与过去相反的虚拟语气。
He had hoped for a better job，but he didn’t get it．他原希望找一个好的工作，但他没有得到。
I had meant to go to the party，but I had to work extra hours to prepare a speech．我原打算去参加这个聚会，但我得加时准备演讲。
I intended to have helped you，but I was very busy at that time．我原打算向帮助他，但我当时很忙。
10．不定式短语，名词短语引导的虚拟语气。如
It would be a mistake not to help him . 不帮助他是一个错误。
An honest man would have acted differently .要是一个诚实的，表现就不一样了。
11．if it not were for …..“要是没有”
If it had not been for ……
He would have die .
句型：if it had not been for the PLA man he would not be studying English now .
All this would be impossible.
虚拟语气常用来表示婉转或礼貌。谓语动词用“would (should )，might ，could +动词原形”。例如：
I would rather do it myself. 我情愿自己做。
Might I ask you a question now? 现在我可以问这个问题吗？
Perhaps you could do better this way. 这样做或许会好些。
虚拟语气用在简单句中，较常见的两种情况
1）动词原形live 用在long live ….中。如：
Long live the people! 人民万岁！
2）用在句子开头，表示“祝愿”。如：
May you be happy！ 祝你快乐！
May you succeed！ 祝你成功！

五、虚拟语气省略if的情况?
【考例1】(2017天津和平区一模，15)I’m sorry. 　　???? for my illness， I would have come and lent you a helping hand.
Were it not　　 B. If it were not C. Had it not been　　 D. If it has not been
?【答案】C　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我很抱歉。要不是我病了，我会来帮你一把的。该句为对过去的虚拟，由主句谓语动词形式would have done以及句意可知，此处应用If it had not been或Had it not been，故选C。
【考例2】(2017天津河东区二模,11)　　????the rain stop, the crops would be saved.
A.Will 　　 B. Would 　　 C. Should 　　 D. Had
【答案】C　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果雨停了的话,庄稼就会得救了。should“(表示可能)假如,万一”,常用在虚拟条件句中。
★知识链接★
如果从句中有动词had，should，were，可省略if，并采用倒装形式。但如果从句中没有were，had，should，则不能这样做。如：
Had he seen you yesterday，he would have asked you about it．如果他昨天见到你。他就会问你这件事。
Should it (Were it to)rain，the crops would be saved．如果天下雨。庄稼就会得救。
选择题（Choose the best answer）
1. （南京市 2019 届高三年级学情调研）Mr. Wills， who was being helped up onto the platform to take the prize， looked as if he by lightning.
A．was just struck B. were just struck C. would just be struck D. had just been struck
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知 as if 后面引导的从句是与事实相反的假设，因此需要用 虚拟的时态。根据 looked 及句意可知是对过去的虚拟，因此要选过去完成时，答案为 D。
2. （江苏省扬州中学2018届第四次模考32） Don’t worry too much，Mum！My friends ______ to consider your advice. Let me remind them of it now.
A. could forget B. could have forgotten
C. should forget D. should have forgotten
【答案】B
【解析】选B。考点：情态动词。句意为：不要太过担心，妈妈！我朋友们可能已经忘记考虑你的建议了。我现在就提醒他们 。could have done过去可能/过去本可以做却没做/可能已经 。should have done过去本应该做却没有做 。
3. （徐州市2018考前模拟22）The economy is growing at a rate of one percent， but the rise is not as fast as it _______ have been as we assumed.
A. must B. should C. could D. need
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查情态动词和虚拟语气。根据句意：经济以百分之一的速度增长，但是这个增长没有我们语气的那么快。可知过去没有发生，could have done 过去本可能做却没做。
4. （南京师范大学附属中学2018届5月模考28）If you want to improve your figure and health， the most effective thing to do is to show up at the gym every time you ________ be there.
A. can 　 B. will 　 C. may 　 D. shall
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查情态动词。句意为：如果你想提高你的身材和健康，最有效的方法是每一次你能去体育馆的时候就一定出现在那。本题can表示能力。
5. （南京市2018届第三次模考22） Held inside for too long， regret ______affect the immune system?
A．must B. can C. should D. shall
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。情态用词特殊用法，can表示可能。后悔在心里憋得时间过长，可能会有影响到免疫系统。故选B。
6. （江苏省苏锡常镇四市2018届5月调研34）—It’s so cold here! Why haven’t you turned on your air-conditioner?
—Well， it turn on.
A. shouldn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. shan’t
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词特殊用法。Won’t表示偏偏不，“这个空调就是打不开；偏偏打不开”，选C。
7. （江苏省苏锡常镇四市2018届5月调研32）. —I can’t believe it. Tom failed the test again!
—He would not be So upset now your advice.
A. would he follow B. should he follow C. did he follow D. had he followed
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意，要是他过去听取了你的建议他现在就不会这么懊恼了，对于过去的虚拟，if … had done … ，这里是省略if的用法。故选D。
8. （北京市精华学校2018年高三考前测试3）You ________ have booked the tickets in advance； there were plenty left.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意：你本不必提前订票的，还有很多剩下的票。根据语境可知，此处用needn’t have done表本没有必要做某事。故选A。
9. （北京市精华学校2018年高三考前测试15）I was on a business trip then， otherwise I ________ to the hospital for tests.
A. went B. had gone C. would have gone D. would go
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我那时候在出差，否则我会去医院做检查。此句为隐含条件的虚拟语气，根据前句句意可推知，空格处所在句子是对过去事情的虚拟，过去事实与此相反，所以otherwise后的句子要用would have done表示对过去情况的假设。故选C。
10. （北京中国人民大学附属中学2018届高三考前热身15）We the sunshine in Sanya now if it were not for the delay of our flight.
A. were enjoying B. would have enjoyed C. would be enjoying D. will enjoy
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是我们耽搁了航班我们现在就在三亚享受阳光了。根据后面if it were not for……可知此处是对现在状况的虚拟，故主句用would be doing ，选C。
11. （北京中国人民大学附属中学2018届高三考前热身12）
My mobile phone is missing. Who it?
A. must have taken B. must take C. could have taken D. could take
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意：我的手机不见了。可能是谁拿了呢？ A. must have done 对过去事情有把握的肯定推测；B. must take必须做某事；C. could have done可能已经做过某事；D. could take可能做某事。故C项正确。
12. （江苏省启东中学2018届高三最后一模8）—What is your impression of your former colleague Nick?
—He’s helpful， and he ________ give us a hand at work.
A. must B. would C. may D. should
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——你对前同事Nick的印象怎么样？——她很乐于助人，他经常在工作中帮助我们。A. must必须，肯定；B. would过去常常，将；C. may可能，可以；D. should竟然，应该。由第一句中的“former colleague”可知，Nick过去常常帮助同事。故答案选B。
13. （天津市第一中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考15）--Tom， your foreign teacher speaks Chinese fluently!
--Oh， she has lived in China for six years； otherwise she such good Chinese.
A. didn’t speak B. would not have spoken
C. would not speak D. hadn’t spoken
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：--汤姆，你的外籍老师汉语说的很流利！--她在中国生活了六年，否则她不会说这么好的汉语。这里的otherwise相当于if虚拟条件句，所以主句也是虚拟语气，因为是现在英语说的很好，所以是和现在相反的虚拟语气，所以主句是would do。所以选C。
14. （天津市第一中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考10）
It was sad to me that they， so poor themselves， bring me food
A. might B. would C. should D. could
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。虽然他们自己很穷，竟然还给我带来食物。should"竟然"，符合句意。
15. （天津市第一中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考6）You have been to Singapore， for you know so much about the local customs.
A. must B. should C. need D. can
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词。A. must 一定； B. should应该； C. need需要； D. can能，会。你一定去过新加坡，因为你对当地风俗了解得太多了。此处是情态动词must have done表示对过去事情有把握的肯定推测，故选A。
16. （天津市耀华中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考14）
--- With the failure of the experiment， we have reached a dead end.
--- Cheer up! Many good things would never have happened if the bad events________ first.
A. don’t happen B. didn’t happen C. hadn’t happened D. haven’t happened
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。上句：由于实验失败，我们已到了穷途末路。下句：振作起来！很多好事从来不会发生，如果坏事首先没有发生的话。此处是if引导的虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，句子用过去完成时态。故选C。
17.（天津市耀华中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考5）
--- What do you think of Betty?
--- She is a lovely girl， though she ________be naughty sometimes.
A. should B. must C. need D. can
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词。A. should 应该；想必会，理应；B. must 必须，一定； C.情态动词 need，通常用在疑问句、否定句中，意为“必须”；C. can 能，会，可能；句中描述的Betty应该是一个可爱但有时会有些调皮的女孩，结合句意，此处应该是填一个表示推测的情态动词，can用于肯定句，表示理论上存在的可能性，所以适用于本句；should，must都可以表示推测，但在这里不合语意。故选C。
18.(2017天津十二所重点中学一模，2)—Can I go now， sir?
—If you 　　???? leave， do it quietly.
A．should　　 B. must　　 C. shall　　 D. may
【答案】??B　
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——我现在可以走吗，先生?——如果你非要离开，悄悄地走。考查情态动词。must偏要，非得。
19.(2017北京海淀区一模，35)Waiters are requested to treat every customer as if they 　　???? guests in their own house.
A. are 　 B. were　　 C. would be　　 D. had been
【答案】B　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：服务员被要求要像对待自己家里的客人一样对待每一位顾客。 as if引导的方式状语从句是对现在情况的假设，故需用动词的过去式，选B。
20. (2018天津河西区二模，15)Thanks for your useful advice； otherwise I 　　????such rapid progress.
didn’t make　　 B. couldn’t have made C. hadn’t made　　 D. haven’t made
【答案】B　
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：谢谢你有用的建议，否则我不可能取得如此迅速的进展。otherwise“否则，要不然”相当于“If it hadn’t been for your useful advice”。由此可知此处是对过去的虚拟，故选B。
二、句型训练（Choose the right words in brackets）
1.I've ordered some pizza, so we ________ worry about cooking when we get home tired.
【答案】needn't
【解析】句意：我已经预定了比萨，所以，当我们疲倦地到家时就没必要担心做饭了。由句中表示因果关系的so可以确定此处填needn't。
2.I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________ (will) take me to Disneyland at weekends.
【答案】would
【解析】句意：我仍然记得我的幸福童年，那时我母亲总会在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。would表示过去的一种习惯。
3.Although you ________ find bargains in London, it's not generally a cheap place to shop.
【答案】can
【解析】句意：虽然你在伦敦可能会买到减价品，但通常那儿不是一个能买到便宜货的地方。can在此处表示“可能性”。
4.The children ________ (get) lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.
【答案】must have got
【解析】句意：孩子们一定是在树林里走丢了，否则，他们就会按照预定时间回到湖边的宿营地了。根据句意可知，这里表示对过去事情的肯定推测，所以要用“must have done”的结构。
5.They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they ________ (come) to our help.
【答案】would have come
【解析】句意：我们在做调查的那几个月，他们在国外，否则他们会来给我们帮忙的。由句意可知设空处表示与过去事实相反的假设。
6．________ he ________ (catch) the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
【答案】Had; caught
【解析】句意：要是他赶上了早晨的火车，那他就不会开会迟到了。根据句意，此处是与过去事实相反的假设，条件状语从句应该用过去完成时。本题为省略if的虚拟条件句，应把助动词had提到句首，变为倒装句式。
7．To our great surprise, the disabled person made a requirement that he ________ (receive) as a volunteer.
【答案】(should) be received
【解析】requirement后跟同位语从句或表语从句时，从句谓语应用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。空处应填“(should) be received”表示“被接受”。
8．The girl had been suffering from lung cancer, yet she acted as if nothing ________ (happen) to her while we were together.
【答案】had happened
【解析】在as if从句中要用虚拟语气。表示与过去事实相反时，从句用过去完成时“had done”形式。谓语动词用了“acted”，表示的是过去的动作，所以as if后面的从句用过去完成时态。句意：这个女孩一直患有肺癌，但是当我们和她在一起时，她表现的跟没这回事一样。
9.We often hear that children wish they ________ (be) grown－ups, and that old people wish to be young.
【答案】were
【解析】句意：我们经常听说孩子们希望长大，而老人们希望年轻。wish后的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气。如果与现在事实相反，be动词应用were。
10.It’s no use envying others’ success. It‘s time you 　　???? （work）hard.
【答案】should work
【解析】句意:嫉妒别人的成功是没有用的,是该你努力工作的时候了。 在It’s time (that)...句式中,从句的谓语用动词的过去式或should+动词原形(should不能省略)。
三、完形填空
（黄冈市2018年高三年级9月质量检测）I had the pleasure and honor of serving as Newport Beach ocean lifeguard（救生员）for five years. One day, I was working at Tower 15, Two___1___ to my right was another guard named Mike, who was working at Tower 17. He called me over the phone and said, “I have noticed a couple of kids. I am going to give them a ___2___.Keep an eye on us."
I said. "Sure.” And he ___3___.
Anytime you got out of your tower, you were ___4___to let somebody else know, so as to avoid accidents. And ___5___enough, as soon as he hung up the phone ,a rip current（离岸流）snapped up under these two kids, and they were getting sucked down into the water. Mike saw it and he ran at full ___6___to the ocean.
I called for backup and said, "Two children ___7___ in water. Call for backup. 17 was ___8___.I'm going."
By then, the mother of The two kids had ___9___what was happening. She screamed. I started rushing toward the ocean, but _____10_____ I was even halfway there, Mike had _____11_____ the kids -a boy and a girl. Mike told me later that he got to the boy first, and when he turned to the girl, he had to _____12_____ into the water and catch her by the hair to _____13_____ her out.
When I reached the mother, Mike was _____14_____ in waist-deep water. The kids were so_____15_____that they couldn't walk, so Mike got one kid under each of his_____16_____ and brought them onto the beach.
I _____17_____the mother and said, "Hey, it's going to be OK. They're _____18_____now." I saw that the _____19_____ started to disappear from her.
What a frightening experience! What a _____20_____ Mike is l
1. A. blocks B. oceans C. viewers D. phones
2. A. signal B. warming C. notice D. hand
3. A. held up B. showed up C. hung up D. made up
4. A. commanded B. supposed C. arranged D. clarified
5. A. sure B. brave C. swift D. determined
6. A. energy B. risk C. wall D. speed
7. A. drowned B. broke C. dropped D. jumped
8. A. ready B. injured C. lost D. cut
9. A. experienced B. realized C. shared D. confirmed
10. A. after B. until C. before D. although
11. A. reached B. saved C. abandoned D. directed
12. A. sink B. stare C. dive D. dip
13. A. push B. pull C. shake D. carry
14. A. also B. indeed C. just D. still
15. A. exhausted B. thrilled C. shocked D. excited
16. A. legs B. eyes C. shoulders D. arms
17. A. turned to B. appealed to C. cheered for D. glanced at
18. A. dead B. lucky C. safe D. rewarding
19. A. delight B. relief C. terror D. appreciation
20. A. judge B. hero C. coach D. model
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A 16. D 17. A 18. C 19. C 20. B
【解析】本文是一篇故事，讲述了两个小孩被离岸流卷入水里，救生员Mike勇敢救人的经历。
考查名词辨析。A. blocks街区；B. oceans海洋；C. viewers观众；D. phones电话。我在Tower 15工作，在右侧两街区远处的Tower 17是另一个救生员Mike.此处表示距离，故选A.
考查名词辨析。A. signal信号；B. warning 警告；C. notice 通知；D. hand手。Mike发现两个小孩，所以要给他们发警告。故选B.
考查动词短语辨析。A. held up举起；B. showed up出现；C. hung up挂断；D. made up编造，化妆。此处指我同意之后Mike挂断了电话，与下文he hung up the phone意思一致，故选C.
考查动词辨析。A. commanded指挥，命令；B. supposed 假定，认为；C. arranged安排；D. clarified阐明，澄清。此处指无论什么时候离开塔，都应该让别人知道，以避免发生事故。be supposed to“应该”，故选B.
考查形容词辨析。A. sure确信的；B. brave勇敢的；C. swift快的；D. determined坚决的。此处指果然Mike刚挂断电话，离岸流就把两个孩子卷入水里。sure enough “果然，果真”，故选A.
考查名词辨析。A. energy能量；B. risk 风险；C. wall墙壁；D. speed速度。Mike看到两个孩子被卷入水里，就全速跑向海洋。at full speed“全速”，故选D.
考查动词辨析。A. drowned淹死；B. broke打破；C. dropped掉下；D. jumped跳。我请求支援，说两个孩子落入水中。故选C.
考查动词辨析。A. ready准备好；B. injured受伤；C. lost失去；D. cut。此处指Tower 17已经被切断关闭，救生员要去救人。根据句意选D.
考查动词辨析。A. experienced经历；B. realized意识到；C. shared分享；D. confirmed确认。这时两个孩子的母亲意识到发生了什么事，表示意识到，故选B.
考查连词。A. after在…之后；B. until直到…时；C. before在…之前；D. although尽管。我跑向海洋，但是我到达一半路程之前，Mike已经到达了两个孩子身边。故选C.
考查动词辨析。A. reached到达；B. saved救助；C. abandoned抛弃；D. directed指导。此处指Mike已经到达了两个孩子身边，故选A.
考查动词辨析。A. sink下沉；B. stare凝视；C. dive潜水；D. dip浸，泡。Mike先到达男孩身边，他转向女孩时不得不潜入水中抓住她的头发。指潜入水中，故选C.
考查动词辨析。A. push推；B. pull拉；C. shake摇动；D. carry拿，搬运。指在水中抓住女孩的头发把她拉出来，故选B.
考查副词辨析。A. also也，而且；B. indeed的确；C. just只是，仅仅；D. still仍然。当我到达孩子母亲身边时，Mike仍然在齐腰深的水里。表示仍然，故选D.
考查形容词辨析。A. exhausted疲惫的；B. thrilled兴奋的； C. shocked震惊的；D. excited兴奋的。两个小孩由于在水中挣扎，所以非常疲惫，不能走路。故选A.
考查名词辨析。A. legs腿；B. eyes 眼睛；C. shoulders肩膀；D. arms胳膊。Mike把两个孩子夹在两个胳膊下，带上沙滩。指用胳膊夹着孩子，故选D.
考查动词短语辨析。A. turned to转向；B. appealed to呼吁，要求；C. cheered for 为…欢呼； D. glanced at浏览，扫视。此处指我转向孩子们的母亲，说孩子们没事了，安全了。故选A.
考查形容词辨析。A. dead 死的；B. lucky幸运的；C. safe安全的；D. rewarding值得的。此处指孩子们已上岸，安全了。故选C.
考查名词辨析。A. delight高兴；B. relief救济，减轻；C. terror恐怖；D. appreciation欣赏，鉴别。我告诉他们已安全，他们的恐怖才消失。故选C.
考查名词辨析。A. judge法官；B. hero英雄；C. coach教练；D. model模型。这是多么令人恐惧的经历，Mike勇敢救人是英雄。故选B.

四、短文改错
（2018 武汉市部分学校新高三起点调研测试）
Dear Sir,
Last Saturday I went shop at your food store and saw a saleswoman take the ready-to-eat food with the same hands that she took the money. I didn’t think this was not the right thing to do for her. But when I told her so, she got so angrily that she said it was none of your business and asked me to leave the counter.
A saleswoman has a bad effect on your store. I am sure that you will not allow so kind of things to happen again. I suggest that you had ways to punish those who is irresponsible to the work and impolite to the customer. I will appreciate if you let me know what you have done to solve the problem.
Yours faithfully,
Lei Yang
【答案】1. shop改成shopping或者前面加上to；2.hands改成hand 3. not去掉
4. angry改成angrily 5. your改成my 6. A改成The 7. so改成such 8.had改成have
9.is改成are 10. if前面加上it
【解析】本文是一篇书信。文章作者向商店老板反映店员服务不规范和服务态度恶劣的问题。
1.动词用法错误。短语go shopping购物；或在went后加不定式to，表示目的性。句意：上星期六我去你的食品店买东西。故将shop改成shopping或者前面加上to。
2.名词数用法错误。根据句意可知hand用单数形式。句意：用同样的一只手拿钱。故将hands改成hand。
3.逻辑用法错误。根据前面的I didn’t think可知，从句已经否定。句意：我认为对她来说，这样做不对。故将not去掉。
4.词性用法错误。so + 形容词 + that从句。句意：她气愤地说不关我的事。故将angry改成angrily。
5.代词用法错误。根据后面的me可知，这里用代词my。句意：她气愤地说不关我的事。故将your改成my。
6.冠词用法错误。名词saleswoman上文已经出现，故这里为特指。句意：女售货员对你的商店有很坏的影响。故将A改成The。
7.副词用法错误。修饰名词kind of things，前用such修饰。句意：我相信你不会允许这种事情再次发生。故将so改成such。
8.虚拟用法错误。代词suggest作“建议”讲，后接that从句用虚拟语气。句意：我建议你有办法惩罚那些对工作不负责任的人。故将had改成have。
9.主谓一致错误。句中先行词为those，指那些人，故谓语动词用复数形式。句意：我建议你有办法惩罚那些对工作不负责任的人。故将is改成are。
10.宾语从句用法错误。appreciate后跟接if或when从句时，其后不直接跟if或when引导的从句，需借助it。句意：如果你解决这个问题，请告诉我，我将不胜感激。故在if前面加上it。