专题二十八 短文改错（原卷版）
高考短文改错考点层次一般而言可依次分为词法的测试、句法的测试和语篇的测试三个层面。考点层次越高，就越能测试出考生运用语言的能力。低层次的考点往往侧重于语法方面的考查，而高层次的考点往往侧重于考生对文章意义方面的理解。
一、词法改错
词法的测试包括：定冠词和不定冠词的用法；名词的单复数和名词的所有格；动词的时态、语态、语气，情态动词和非谓语动词等；人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的搭配；并列连词、从属连词的用法；形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法；固定搭配和习惯用法。
二、句法改错
句法的测试包括：主谓语在数上的一致性；名词性从句、定语从句和强调句；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性和逻辑性。
三、语篇改错
语篇的测试包括：上下文的时态是否一致；上下文中的代词指代是否一致；上下文中的逻辑关系是否一致。
一、考查对名词错误的识别与改正能力
名词的常见错误：单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用；名词所有格的误用。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）Last winter when I went there again， they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.
【答案】chicken改成chickens
【解析】考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅，还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的dozens of可知，其后用名词复数形式。
【考例2】（2018·全国II）When I was little， Friday’s night was our family game night.
【答案】Friday’s改为Friday
【解析】考查名词。名词作定语，往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地点、类别、目的或用途、材料或来源等。名词所有格作定语则强调与被修饰的词的所有关系或表示逻辑上的谓语关系。此处表示“星期五晚上”，并不是所有关系，故将Friday’s改为Friday。
【考例3】（2018·全国II）After supper， we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.
【答案】sort改为sorts
【解析】考查名词单复数。all表示三者或三者以上，后用名词复数。故将sort改为sorts。
【考例4】（2018·全国III）The classroom is a place for learning and that includes leaning from textbooks， and mistake as well.
【答案】mistake改成mistakes
【解析】考查名词单复数。and前后并列textbook和mistake都是可数名词，故mistake改成mistakes。
【考例5】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）The instructor kept repeating the word， “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！”
【答案】word改为words
【解析】考查名词复数。教练一直喊“加速”“减速”“左转”。 word表示某人说的话时是可数名词，故将word改为words。
二、考查对冠词错误的识别与改正能力
冠词错误：误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定)；误用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指；多冠词或少冠词)
【考例1】（2018·全国I）During my last winter holiday， I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.
【答案】countryside前加the
【解析】考查冠词。句意去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下看望爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是爷爷奶奶所住的乡下，故加定冠词the。
【考例2】（2018·全国II As the kid， I loved to watch cartoons， but no matter how many times I asked to watch them， my parents would not to let me.
【答案】the改为a
【解析】考查冠词。这里表示“作为一个孩子”，a用在表示泛指的单数名词前，the表示特指。故将the改为a。
【考例3】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）I still remember how hard first day was.
【答案】first前加my或the
【解析】考查冠词或物主代词。句意：“我”依然记得第一天是多么的艰难。句中特指学习驾驶汽车的第一天，所以在first前加the；也可以加上my，my first day表示“我（学习驾驶）的第一天”。故在first前加the或my。
【考例4】（2016·全国新课标II）But in that case, we will learn little about world.
【答案】about后加the
【解析】考查定冠词。在英语中定冠词the通常表示特指，本句中the修饰world表示特指这个世界。
【考例5】（2016·浙江）Every time he arrived home at end of the day ,we’d greet het at the door.
【答案】at后面加the
【解析】考查固定结构中的的冠词。at the end of为固定搭配，意为“在……结束的时候”。故at后面加the。
三、考查对代词错误的识别与改正能力
代词的主格和宾格(I/me；he/him；she/her；we/us they/them)错误；反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误；代词的单数和复数使用错误；代词指代错误；多代词或少代词。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）The first time I went there， they were living in a small house with dogs， ducks， and another animals.
【答案】another改成other
【解析】考查不定代词的用法。他们住在一个小房子里，院子里有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。根据句意可知，将another改成other。
【考例2】（2018·全国II）They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.
【答案】us改为me
【解析】考查代词。句意：他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑。偷换人称代词，是对“我”说，前面提到I，而不是us，故将us改为me。
【考例3】（2018·全国III）I had done myself homework but I was shy.
【答案】myself改成my/the
【解析】此处修饰homework，应用形容词性物主代词，或者固定搭配do the homework，故myself改成my/the。
四、考查对形容词、副词识别与改正能力
系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel)；形容词、副词 词性的误用(形容词修饰名词；副词修饰动词、形容词)， 形容词、副词比较等级错误。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）Last winter when I went here again，……
【答案】here改成there
【解析】 考查副词及语意理解。去年冬天我又一次去了那里。故将here改成there。
【考例2】（2018·全国I）I felt happily that their life had improved.
【答案】happily改成happy
【解析】考查形容词作表语。他们的生活有了很大提高，我感到很高兴。此处形容词作表语，故将happily改成happy。
【考例3】（2018·全国III）I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.
【答案】larger?改成large
【解析】考查形容词。句意：我不敢在一群人面前讲话。读上下文，可知此处并没有比较的含义，故larger?改成large。 【考例4】（2018·全国III）Immediate， I raised my hand.
【答案】immediate改为immediately
【解析】考查副词。此处要用副词在句中做状语修饰整个句子，故将immediate改为immediately。
【考例5】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.
【答案】去掉much
【解析】考查固定句型。“我”如此紧张以致于无法分辨那个方向是左。固定句型so…that引导结果状语从句，表示“如此……以致于……”，much是多余的成分，故将much去掉。
【考例6】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）A few minutes late， the instructor asked me to stop the car.
【答案】late改为later
【解析】考查副词。作形容词的时候，later是late的比较级，作副词的时候，late意为“迟、晚”；later意为“稍后，随后”。句意：几分钟之后，教练叫我停下车。故将late改为later。
【考例7】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.
【答案】suddenly改为sudden
【解析】考查形容词。“我”紧急刹车。suddenly是副词，表示“意外地，忽然地”。 sudden为形容词，表示“突然的，迅速的”，修饰名词stop。a sudden stop表示“急刹车”。故将suddenly改为sudden。
五、考查对动词时态错误的识别与改正能力
①一般现在时与一般过去时错用；②and前后动词时态不一致；③主谓不一致；
④缺少动词，特别是be动词；⑤第三人称单数形式错用；⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）I find a change there.
【答案】find改为found
【解析】考查时态。根据文章中的During my last winter holiday可知，事情发生在过去，故用过去时。故将find改为found。
【考例2】（2018·全国II）Still I unwilling to play the games with them sometimes.
【答案】unwilling前加was
【解析】此处unwilling是形容词，需要加上be动词才能构成谓语部分，根据上下文的时态可知此处是一般过去时，be动词用was，故答案为unwilling前加was。
【考例3】（2018·全国II）I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.
【答案】are改为were
【解析】由本句中entered的时态可知用一般过去时，故答案为are改为were。 【考例4】（2018·全国III）It was Monday morning， and the writing class had just begin.
【答案】begin 改为begun
【解析】考查时态构成。句意：这是周一的早晨，写作课刚刚开始。根据语境可知，句子用过去完成时，过去完成时的构成是had done，所以begin要改为begun。
【考例5】（2018·全国III）At that moment， I remembered that my father once said， "The classroom is a place for learning and that include leaning from textbooks， and mistakes as well."
【答案】include改成includes
【解析】引用别人的话，应用一般现在时态，而此处是单数第三人称，故include改成includes。 【考例6】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）Before getting into the car， I thought I had learned the instructor's orders， but once I started the car， my mind goes blank.
【答案】goes改为went
【解析】考查时态。根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时，故将goes改为went。
七、考查对非谓语动词错误的识别与改正的能力
不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时；and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时)；介词后用动名词形式作宾语；某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.
【答案】sell改成selling
【解析】考查动名词。去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。此处介词by后用动名词，故用selling。
【考例2】（2018·全国II）As a kid， I loved to watch cartoons， but no matter how many times I asked to watching them， my parents would not let me.
【答案】watching改为watch
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：无论我要求多少次要去看（卡通片）。用不定式表示目的。故将watching改为watch。
【考例3】（2018·全国II）As a kid， I loved to watch cartoons， but no matter how many times I asked to watch them， my parents would not to let me.
【答案】把not后的to删除
【解析】考查情态动词。would后跟动词原形，故将to删除。
【考例4】（2018·全国III）Everyone was silent， wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.
【答案】wait?改为waiting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句子成分分析，本句有谓语为was，而且没有连词，与主语是主动关系，所以wait 要用非谓语waiting，表伴随。
【考例5】（2018·全国III）Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity， others were nervous and anxious.
【答案】eager后加to
【解析】考查固定搭配。be?eager?to?do?sth，固定词组，渴望做某事。故答案为eager后加to。 【考例6】（2018·全国III）I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people.
【答案】去掉that
【解析】be?afraid?to?do?sth，而不是be?afraid?that句型，害怕做某事。故去掉that。 【考例7】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）The instructor kept repeating the word， “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！”
【答案】Turning改为Turn
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析语境可知教练的话“加速”“减速”“左转”都是祈使句，根据前文“Speed up！” “Slow down！”也可以看得出来。祈使句应该用动词原形开头，故将Turning改为Turn。
八、考查对连词错误的识别与改正能力
连词错误：连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/or/but等。关于连词，一般考查从句关系：who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）I told my father that I planned to return every two years， but he agreed.
【答案】but改成and
【解析】考查并列连词的用法。我计划每两年回来一次，他同意了。此处是并列关系，故将but改成and。
【考例2】（2018·全国II）The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
【答案】where改为when
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：我小时候父母教给我的结果在后来的生活中是非常有用的。where表示地点，而本句指作者“小时候”，故答案为where改为when。
【考例3】（2018·全国III）Everyone was silent， waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.
【答案】and改为or
【解析】考查连词。句意：每个人都沉默了，等着看谁会被要求朗读他或她的段落。一次只能叫一个人，男女两者是选择关系，故将and改为or。
【考例4】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）Before getting into the car， I thought I had learned the instructor's orders， so once I started the car， my mind goes blank.
【答案】so改为but或yet
【解析】考查连词。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练说的话，结果一发动车，脑中一片空白。前后文为转折关系，故将so改为but或yet。
九、考查对介词错误的识别与改正的能力
介词错误主要有：多用、少用、误用介词、介词后面人称代词属格错误、介词后面非谓语形式错误。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）I told my father that I planned to return for every two years， but he agreed.
【答案】删除for
【解析】考查介词的用法。时间名词有every，each，last等词修饰时，其前不用介词。故删除for。
【考例2】（2018·全国II）Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.
【答案】for改为with
【解析】考查介词。短语play sth with sb和某人玩……，故将for改为with。
【考例3】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle of the road.
【答案】on改为of
【解析】考查介词。分析语境可知作者表示“在路中间急刹车”。on the road表示“在路上”， the middle of the road表示“路的中央”，强调的是“the middle”。故将on改为of。
十、对定语从句、名词性从句错误的识别与改正的能力
主要错误：引导从句的关系代词、关系副词；名词性从句的引导词误用。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）They also had a small pond， which they raised fish.
【答案】which改为in which或where
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词选用。句意：他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词，其后的定语从句中作地点状语，用where或in which。故将which改为in which或where。
【考例2】（2017·全国卷Ⅲ）Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.
【答案】they改为that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知，前面的倒装句“Around me in the picture are the things…”是一个单句，而后面的“…they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.”也是一个单句，在这种情况下，要么在两个单句之间用并列连词连接，要么把后面这个单句变为从句。从句意上看，这里变为定语从句更为合理，故把they改为that/which。
【考例3】（2016·全国新课标I）My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that 1 live .
【答案】that改为where
【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。介词后面的宾语从句中缺少状语，根据句意判断此处表示地点。故将that改为where。
【考例4】（2016·四川）The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favorite.
【答案】what改为that/which(或去掉what)
【解析】考查引导定语从句的关系代词。句意：我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。The dishes 做先行词，指物，定语从句缺少引导词，从句缺少宾语，可知引导词在定语从句中作宾语，故将what改为that/which(或去掉what)。
短文改错方法与技巧
一、先通读全文。认真阅读短文，弄清原文大意。根据短文大意和上下逻辑关系，对文章进行逐字逐句的分析，检查句子的结构完整性，语气是否连贯，启承转合是否符合文意等。
二、综合运用所学的语言知识，根据各行不同的错误情况分别进行答题（即改词、加词或减词）
三、验证答案。改完后，一定要回都重读一篇全文，查看改过后是否能使语气通顺，时态一致，合乎逻辑。通过再次通读可以再初改时感觉不顺的地方集中精力，仔细推敲，使答案更加准确。
短文改错口诀：
动词形，名词数；还要注意形和副；非谓语，细辨别；句子成份多分析。
代词格，细领悟 介词短语要牢记；冠词连词常光顾；逻辑错误须关注。
1.（陕西省西安市第五中学2018届高三三模）
Dear Ms Jenkins，
I'm Li Hua. I plan to take part-time job in a foreign company during the summer holiday. I had already filled in the application form and have my resume ready for it. But I am not sure about the words and format. However， I am writing to ask for your help and professional advices. Would you please spare some time to read through the materials attaching? Would you mind find out the mistakes in terms for words and format? Besides， I'd like you to correct the mistakes what are found in the materials and format.
I would appreciate it that if you could do me a favor. I am looking forward to you reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
2.（重庆市九校联盟2018届高三第一次联考）Sorry to hear that you failed in the monthly exams. As is known to us that life is not a smoothly journey， which is full of ups and downs， so never lose the heart. But there are some tips for you to follow. Firstly， learn from your experiences. It’s strongly suggested that you figured out and reflect on your mistakes. To avoid make the same errors， you may as well turn your teachers for help. Secondly， work out a detailed plan. Make sure it is easy and practical to carry out and you should reward you when goals achieving. Thirdly， moderate relaxation is a must， because all work and no play make Jack a dull boy. Last but not least， stick to your ideal， which serves as a compass， guiding and motivating you across tough times. Wish you good luck.
3.（山东师范大学附中2018届高三第五次模拟）The sun was just slowly come up over the mountains today as I took my dogs for its morning walk. I smiled as I watched the clouds gradually turn to white and gold. The air was cool and I wore a big smile in my face. Even though there weren’t leaf on the trees， but I could still hear birds singing songs of spring. Even my dogs seemed to notice the different in the air. They were playing instead of just do their morning business in the grass. The particular golden sun seemed to make it a beautiful day. As I headed back， I realize something. The beauty of day didn’t come from the warmth of the sun. It came from the warmth within my own heart and soul.
4.There are many problems when I am abroad lonely， especially when I am in the Czech Republic， its official is not English. So the first big problem is language. Many Czech people don't speak English. So I have to learn the Czech. It’s very challenging although there are seven cases for grammar. In the beginning， I can’t understand the rules at all. But little by little， I remembered it and learned how to speak Czech proper. The second problem is making friend. At school， I was often ignoring， while many of my classmates gathered together and chatted each other. However， I tried to talk to everyone I met and went out with them on weekends. Now I have many good friends.
5.（贵州省遵义航天高级中学2018届高三一模））Having a dream is of great importance. Your dreams are ordinary and realistic. I hope I will admitted into a top university and become a good doctor after I will graduate from university. I hoped one day I can find a cure for cancer. I hope those whom love me and those whom I love will be healthy and live happy every day. To realize my dreams， I will take more exercises to build up my body. I will try my best to focus time and energy to my study. I must work hard at my lessons or be fully preparing for the entrance exam.
6.（辽宁省沈阳市东北育才学校2018届高三一模）Last week I went to visit my former neighbor， Mr. Yang. He and I used to living next to each other for many years. About half a year ago， news came which the old building， along with many other similar ones， were going to be pulled down to make a room for a main street. So they had to move apart. Mr. Yang now lives in the suburbs near a beautifully park. His apartment is much big than before. The only problem is that it took quite a long time to get to the downtown area. Therefore， Mr. Yang doesn’t seem to worry about the long distance. He says that a new subway line will be built in a few years and he is sure life will be better in the future.
7.Self-protection is one of the most important skill for teenagers. But how can we protect ourselves? Here are some of my advice.
First， we should be careful when we make friends， especial on line. Second， whether we are in danger， we must call the police for help on time so that we can keep ourselves safe. Also， we ought to eat healthily and safely. Beside， we shouldn’t crowd each other when we go to upstairs or downstairs at school. Last but not least， summer is coming， and we must remember swim alone is dangerous.
In word， we need to learn how to protect yourselves and stay away from danger.
8.（湖北省黄冈市2018届高三上期末）Nowadays in China， either in the morning nor after dinner ，people， especial elderly women， will gather in squares to dance to popular music. More and more young people are also participating the square dance now.
There are many reasons for their popularity. First of all， China has made a great progress in the social and economic development in the past decades， and people had more time and energy to enjoy their lives. Besides， do the square dance is a good way for people to get fit.
However， dancers play loud music and occupy lots of public places， where makes many people annoying. Maybe square dancers need to make some change.
9.（甘肃省高台一中2018届高三第五次模拟）Yesterday I went to see a film with my best friend. We set off at 1:30 in the afternoon and plan to arrive at the cinema before 2:30 so that we could watch the 3:15 show. The traffic was terrible bad. That made it even worse was that our bus broke up on the way. They stopped a taxi but rushed to the cinema， arriving ten minutes before the show. “Two ticket for 3:15，” Kate said， put the money on the courier. The film started at the moment we sat down in the cinema. It was an exciting film and we had great time yesterday afternoon.
10.Last month， my good friend Mark got an expensive watch as his birthday present. He showed to everyone in my class proud. I really envied him and every day I ask my mum to buy me an expensive present. However， to my disappointment， I only got a second-hand bike at that special day. So one day while I was riding my “dear” bike back home from school， I passed the shop that my mum worked. I saw a familiar figure kneeling down in the front of it cleaned the outside steps of the shop. It was my mum! She worked so harder to raise me! Tear in my eyes， I got off the bike and worked together with her.
专题二十八 短文改错（解析版）
高考短文改错考点层次一般而言可依次分为词法的测试、句法的测试和语篇的测试三个层面。考点层次越高，就越能测试出考生运用语言的能力。低层次的考点往往侧重于语法方面的考查，而高层次的考点往往侧重于考生对文章意义方面的理解。
一、词法改错
词法的测试包括：定冠词和不定冠词的用法；名词的单复数和名词的所有格；动词的时态、语态、语气，情态动词和非谓语动词等；人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的搭配；并列连词、从属连词的用法；形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法；固定搭配和习惯用法。
二、句法改错
句法的测试包括：主谓语在数上的一致性；名词性从句、定语从句和强调句；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性和逻辑性。
三、语篇改错
语篇的测试包括：上下文的时态是否一致；上下文中的代词指代是否一致；上下文中的逻辑关系是否一致。
一、考查对名词错误的识别与改正能力
名词的常见错误：单复数名词错用，可数名词与不可数名词错用；名词所有格的误用。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）Last winter when I went there again， they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.
【答案】chicken改成chickens
【解析】考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅，还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的dozens of可知，其后用名词复数形式。
【考例2】（2018·全国II）When I was little， Friday’s night was our family game night.
【答案】Friday’s改为Friday
【解析】考查名词。名词作定语，往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地点、类别、目的或用途、材料或来源等。名词所有格作定语则强调与被修饰的词的所有关系或表示逻辑上的谓语关系。此处表示“星期五晚上”，并不是所有关系，故将Friday’s改为Friday。
【考例3】（2018·全国II）After supper， we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.
【答案】sort改为sorts
【解析】考查名词单复数。all表示三者或三者以上，后用名词复数。故将sort改为sorts。
【考例4】（2018·全国III）The classroom is a place for learning and that includes leaning from textbooks， and mistake as well.
【答案】mistake改成mistakes
【解析】考查名词单复数。and前后并列textbook和mistake都是可数名词，故mistake改成mistakes。
【考例5】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）The instructor kept repeating the word， “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！”
【答案】word改为words
【解析】考查名词复数。教练一直喊“加速”“减速”“左转”。 word表示某人说的话时是可数名词，故将word改为words。
二、考查对冠词错误的识别与改正能力
冠词错误：误用a和an(根据单词的第一个音素来判定)；误用a/an和the(固定搭配，或泛指、特指；多冠词或少冠词)
【考例1】（2018·全国I）During my last winter holiday， I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.
【答案】countryside前加the
【解析】考查冠词。句意去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下看望爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是爷爷奶奶所住的乡下，故加定冠词the。
【考例2】（2018·全国II As the kid， I loved to watch cartoons， but no matter how many times I asked to watch them， my parents would not to let me.
【答案】the改为a
【解析】考查冠词。这里表示“作为一个孩子”，a用在表示泛指的单数名词前，the表示特指。故将the改为a。
【考例3】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）I still remember how hard first day was.
【答案】first前加my或the
【解析】考查冠词或物主代词。句意：“我”依然记得第一天是多么的艰难。句中特指学习驾驶汽车的第一天，所以在first前加the；也可以加上my，my first day表示“我（学习驾驶）的第一天”。故在first前加the或my。
【考例4】（2016·全国新课标II）But in that case, we will learn little about world.
【答案】about后加the
【解析】考查定冠词。在英语中定冠词the通常表示特指，本句中the修饰world表示特指这个世界。
【考例5】（2016·浙江）Every time he arrived home at end of the day ,we’d greet het at the door.
【答案】at后面加the
【解析】考查固定结构中的的冠词。at the end of为固定搭配，意为“在……结束的时候”。故at后面加the。
三、考查对代词错误的识别与改正能力
代词的主格和宾格(I/me；he/him；she/her；we/us they/them)错误；反身代词(myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves)使用错误；代词的单数和复数使用错误；代词指代错误；多代词或少代词。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）The first time I went there， they were living in a small house with dogs， ducks， and another animals.
【答案】another改成other
【解析】考查不定代词的用法。他们住在一个小房子里，院子里有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。根据句意可知，将another改成other。
【考例2】（2018·全国II）They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.
【答案】us改为me
【解析】考查代词。句意：他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑。偷换人称代词，是对“我”说，前面提到I，而不是us，故将us改为me。
【考例3】（2018·全国III）I had done myself homework but I was shy.
【答案】myself改成my/the
【解析】此处修饰homework，应用形容词性物主代词，或者固定搭配do the homework，故myself改成my/the。
四、考查对形容词、副词识别与改正能力
系动词后用形容词(be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词smell/feel)；形容词、副词 词性的误用(形容词修饰名词；副词修饰动词、形容词)， 形容词、副词比较等级错误。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）Last winter when I went here again，……
【答案】here改成there
【解析】 考查副词及语意理解。去年冬天我又一次去了那里。故将here改成there。
【考例2】（2018·全国I）I felt happily that their life had improved.
【答案】happily改成happy
【解析】考查形容词作表语。他们的生活有了很大提高，我感到很高兴。此处形容词作表语，故将happily改成happy。
【考例3】（2018·全国III）I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.
【答案】larger?改成large
【解析】考查形容词。句意：我不敢在一群人面前讲话。读上下文，可知此处并没有比较的含义，故larger?改成large。 【考例4】（2018·全国III）Immediate， I raised my hand.
【答案】immediate改为immediately
【解析】考查副词。此处要用副词在句中做状语修饰整个句子，故将immediate改为immediately。
【考例5】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.
【答案】去掉much
【解析】考查固定句型。“我”如此紧张以致于无法分辨那个方向是左。固定句型so…that引导结果状语从句，表示“如此……以致于……”，much是多余的成分，故将much去掉。
【考例6】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）A few minutes late， the instructor asked me to stop the car.
【答案】late改为later
【解析】考查副词。作形容词的时候，later是late的比较级，作副词的时候，late意为“迟、晚”；later意为“稍后，随后”。句意：几分钟之后，教练叫我停下车。故将late改为later。
【考例7】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.
【答案】suddenly改为sudden
【解析】考查形容词。“我”紧急刹车。suddenly是副词，表示“意外地，忽然地”。 sudden为形容词，表示“突然的，迅速的”，修饰名词stop。a sudden stop表示“急刹车”。故将suddenly改为sudden。
五、考查对动词时态错误的识别与改正能力
①一般现在时与一般过去时错用；②and前后动词时态不一致；③主谓不一致；
④缺少动词，特别是be动词；⑤第三人称单数形式错用；⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）I find a change there.
【答案】find改为found
【解析】考查时态。根据文章中的During my last winter holiday可知，事情发生在过去，故用过去时。故将find改为found。
【考例2】（2018·全国II）Still I unwilling to play the games with them sometimes.
【答案】unwilling前加was
【解析】此处unwilling是形容词，需要加上be动词才能构成谓语部分，根据上下文的时态可知此处是一般过去时，be动词用was，故答案为unwilling前加was。
【考例3】（2018·全国II）I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.
【答案】are改为were
【解析】由本句中entered的时态可知用一般过去时，故答案为are改为were。 【考例4】（2018·全国III）It was Monday morning， and the writing class had just begin.
【答案】begin 改为begun
【解析】考查时态构成。句意：这是周一的早晨，写作课刚刚开始。根据语境可知，句子用过去完成时，过去完成时的构成是had done，所以begin要改为begun。
【考例5】（2018·全国III）At that moment， I remembered that my father once said， "The classroom is a place for learning and that include leaning from textbooks， and mistakes as well."
【答案】include改成includes
【解析】引用别人的话，应用一般现在时态，而此处是单数第三人称，故include改成includes。 【考例6】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）Before getting into the car， I thought I had learned the instructor's orders， but once I started the car， my mind goes blank.
【答案】goes改为went
【解析】考查时态。根据前文中的started可知时态为一般过去时，故将goes改为went。
七、考查对非谓语动词错误的识别与改正的能力
不定式、动名词作主语、宾语时；and连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致(尤其距离较远时)；介词后用动名词形式作宾语；某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.
【答案】sell改成selling
【解析】考查动名词。去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。此处介词by后用动名词，故用selling。
【考例2】（2018·全国II）As a kid， I loved to watch cartoons， but no matter how many times I asked to watching them， my parents would not let me.
【答案】watching改为watch
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：无论我要求多少次要去看（卡通片）。用不定式表示目的。故将watching改为watch。
【考例3】（2018·全国II）As a kid， I loved to watch cartoons， but no matter how many times I asked to watch them， my parents would not to let me.
【答案】把not后的to删除
【解析】考查情态动词。would后跟动词原形，故将to删除。
【考例4】（2018·全国III）Everyone was silent， wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.
【答案】wait?改为waiting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句子成分分析，本句有谓语为was，而且没有连词，与主语是主动关系，所以wait 要用非谓语waiting，表伴随。
【考例5】（2018·全国III）Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity， others were nervous and anxious.
【答案】eager后加to
【解析】考查固定搭配。be?eager?to?do?sth，固定词组，渴望做某事。故答案为eager后加to。 【考例6】（2018·全国III）I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people.
【答案】去掉that
【解析】be?afraid?to?do?sth，而不是be?afraid?that句型，害怕做某事。故去掉that。 【考例7】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）The instructor kept repeating the word， “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！”
【答案】Turning改为Turn
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析语境可知教练的话“加速”“减速”“左转”都是祈使句，根据前文“Speed up！” “Slow down！”也可以看得出来。祈使句应该用动词原形开头，故将Turning改为Turn。
八、考查对连词错误的识别与改正能力
连词错误：连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/or/but等。关于连词，一般考查从句关系：who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether等。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）I told my father that I planned to return every two years， but he agreed.
【答案】but改成and
【解析】考查并列连词的用法。我计划每两年回来一次，他同意了。此处是并列关系，故将but改成and。
【考例2】（2018·全国II）The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
【答案】where改为when
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：我小时候父母教给我的结果在后来的生活中是非常有用的。where表示地点，而本句指作者“小时候”，故答案为where改为when。
【考例3】（2018·全国III）Everyone was silent， waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.
【答案】and改为or
【解析】考查连词。句意：每个人都沉默了，等着看谁会被要求朗读他或她的段落。一次只能叫一个人，男女两者是选择关系，故将and改为or。
【考例4】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）Before getting into the car， I thought I had learned the instructor's orders， so once I started the car， my mind goes blank.
【答案】so改为but或yet
【解析】考查连词。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练说的话，结果一发动车，脑中一片空白。前后文为转折关系，故将so改为but或yet。
九、考查对介词错误的识别与改正的能力
介词错误主要有：多用、少用、误用介词、介词后面人称代词属格错误、介词后面非谓语形式错误。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）I told my father that I planned to return for every two years， but he agreed.
【答案】删除for
【解析】考查介词的用法。时间名词有every，each，last等词修饰时，其前不用介词。故删除for。
【考例2】（2018·全国II）Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.
【答案】for改为with
【解析】考查介词。短语play sth with sb和某人玩……，故将for改为with。
【考例3】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle of the road.
【答案】on改为of
【解析】考查介词。分析语境可知作者表示“在路中间急刹车”。on the road表示“在路上”， the middle of the road表示“路的中央”，强调的是“the middle”。故将on改为of。
十、对定语从句、名词性从句错误的识别与改正的能力
主要错误：引导从句的关系代词、关系副词；名词性从句的引导词误用。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）They also had a small pond， which they raised fish.
【答案】which改为in which或where
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词选用。句意：他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词，其后的定语从句中作地点状语，用where或in which。故将which改为in which或where。
【考例2】（2017·全国卷Ⅲ）Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.
【答案】they改为that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知，前面的倒装句“Around me in the picture are the things…”是一个单句，而后面的“…they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.”也是一个单句，在这种情况下，要么在两个单句之间用并列连词连接，要么把后面这个单句变为从句。从句意上看，这里变为定语从句更为合理，故把they改为that/which。
【考例3】（2016·全国新课标I）My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that 1 live .
【答案】that改为where
【解析】考查宾语从句引导词。介词后面的宾语从句中缺少状语，根据句意判断此处表示地点。故将that改为where。
【考例4】（2016·四川）The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favorite.
【答案】what改为that/which(或去掉what)
【解析】考查引导定语从句的关系代词。句意：我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。The dishes 做先行词，指物，定语从句缺少引导词，从句缺少宾语，可知引导词在定语从句中作宾语，故将what改为that/which(或去掉what)。
短文改错方法与技巧
一、先通读全文。认真阅读短文，弄清原文大意。根据短文大意和上下逻辑关系，对文章进行逐字逐句的分析，检查句子的结构完整性，语气是否连贯，启承转合是否符合文意等。
二、综合运用所学的语言知识，根据各行不同的错误情况分别进行答题（即改词、加词或减词）
三、验证答案。改完后，一定要回都重读一篇全文，查看改过后是否能使语气通顺，时态一致，合乎逻辑。通过再次通读可以再初改时感觉不顺的地方集中精力，仔细推敲，使答案更加准确。
短文改错口诀：
动词形，名词数；还要注意形和副；非谓语，细辨别；句子成份多分析。
代词格，细领悟 介词短语要牢记；冠词连词常光顾；逻辑错误须关注。
1.（陕西省西安市第五中学2018届高三三模）
Dear Ms Jenkins，
I'm Li Hua. I plan to take part-time job in a foreign company during the summer holiday. I had already filled in the application form and have my resume ready for it. But I am not sure about the words and format. However， I am writing to ask for your help and professional advices. Would you please spare some time to read through the materials attaching? Would you mind find out the mistakes in terms for words and format? Besides， I'd like you to correct the mistakes what are found in the materials and format.
I would appreciate it that if you could do me a favor. I am looking forward to you reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
【答案】1.在take后边加a 2. had改为have 3. However改为Therefore 4. advices改为advice 5. attaching改为attached 6. find改为finding 7. for改为of 8. what改为that或者which 9. that去掉 10. you改为your
【解析】
1. 考查冠词。Job是可数名词，单数形式前边用不定冠词表示泛指，故在take后边加a。
2. 考查时态。句意：我已经填写了申请表，并准备好了我的简历。表示对现在造成的结果或影响，用现在完成时态，故将had改为have。
3. 考查副词。句意：因此，我写信向你寻求帮助和专业的建议。前后两个分句是因果关系而非转折关系，用副词therefore，故将However改为Therefore。
4. 考查名词。Advice是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故将advices改为advice。
5. 考查过去分词。Materials与attach之间是动宾关系，用过去分词作后置定语，故将attaching改为attached。
6. 考查动名词。Mind后接动词时用动名词形式，故将find改为finding。
7. 考查固定搭配。In term of意为“就…而言，从…方面说来”，是固定搭配，故将for改为of。
8. 考查定语从句。句意：我希望你们纠正材料和格式中所发现的错误。这是一个定语从句，先行词mistakes在从句中作主语，用关系代词that/which，what不能引导定语从句，故将what改为that或者which。
9.考查固定句型。Would appreciate it if…意为“如果…将不胜感激”，是一个固定句型。That多余，故将that去掉。
10. 考查代词。Reply是名词，前边用形容词性物主代词作定语，故将you改为your。
2.（重庆市九校联盟2018届高三第一次联考）Sorry to hear that you failed in the monthly exams. As is known to us that life is not a smoothly journey， which is full of ups and downs， so never lose the heart. But there are some tips for you to follow. Firstly， learn from your experiences. It’s strongly suggested that you figured out and reflect on your mistakes. To avoid make the same errors， you may as well turn your teachers for help. Secondly， work out a detailed plan. Make sure it is easy and practical to carry out and you should reward you when goals achieving. Thirdly， moderate relaxation is a must， because all work and no play make Jack a dull boy. Last but not least， stick to your ideal， which serves as a compass， guiding and motivating you across tough times. Wish you good luck.
【答案】1. As改为it 2. smoothly改为smooth 3. 删除the. 4. figured改为figure 5. make改为making
6. turn后加to 7. you改为yourself 8. achieving改为achieved 9. make改为makes 10. across改为through
【解析】
1. 考查it用法。句中is known to us和后面的 that从句相连接是一个句子，不是非限制性定语从句。that从句是真正的主语，it作形式主语。故As改为it。
2.考查形容词。此处修饰名词journey用形容词不用副词，指顺利的旅行，故smoothly改为smooth。
3.考查固定短语。lose heart “丧失信心”，是固定短语。之间不加冠词。故删除the。
4.考查虚拟语气。此处suggest后加that引导的宾语从句，用虚拟语气。动词用（should）+动词原形，此处figure用原形。故figured改为figure。
5.考查动词形式。动词avoid后加动词的-ing形式，此处指避免犯同样的错，故make改为making。
6.考查动词短语。turn to sb. for help “求助于某人”，turn后加介词to再加宾语，故turn后加to.。
7.考查反身代词。句中主语和宾语都是you，宾语用反身代词。此处指你应该奖励你自己。故you改为yourself。
8.考查过去分词。句中goals和 achieve是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。指目标被实现，故achieving改为achieved。
9.考查主谓一致。句中主语是all work and no play，指只工作不玩这种现象，是单数，谓语与之一致也用第三人称单数，故make改为makes。
10.考查介词。across “横过”，此处指度过艰难时期用through表示度过，故across改为through。
3.（山东师范大学附中2018届高三第五次模拟）The sun was just slowly come up over the mountains today as I took my dogs for its morning walk. I smiled as I watched the clouds gradually turn to white and gold. The air was cool and I wore a big smile in my face. Even though there weren’t leaf on the trees， but I could still hear birds singing songs of spring. Even my dogs seemed to notice the different in the air. They were playing instead of just do their morning business in the grass. The particular golden sun seemed to make it a beautiful day. As I headed back， I realize something. The beauty of day didn’t come from the warmth of the sun. It came from the warmth within my own heart and soul.
【答案】1. come改为coming 2. its改为their 3. in改为on 4. leaf改为leaves 5.去掉but 或but改为yet 6. different改为difference(s) 7. do改为doing 8. particular改为particularly 9. realize改为realized 10. 在day前加the
【解析】
1.考查时态。句意：今天早上我带着狗散步的时候，太阳在慢慢升起。句子用进行时态，故将come改为coming。
2.考查代词。根据dogs可知不止一条狗，故将its改为their。
3.考查介词。句意：在我脸上露出大的微笑。故将in改为on。
4.考查名词。句意：即使树上没有树叶，我仍能听见小鸟在唱着春天的歌曲。根据句意可知把leaf改为leaves。
5.考查连词。句意：即使树上没有树叶，我仍能听见小鸟在唱着春天的歌曲。故去掉but 或but改为yet。
6. 考查名词。句意：甚至我的狗也注意到了空气中的不同。根据句意可知用名词形式，故将different改为difference(s)。
7.考查固定搭配：instead of doing sth. 代替做某事，故将 do改为doing。
8.考查副词。副词修饰形容词，故将 particular改为particularly。
9.考查时态。根据As I headed back，可知句子用一般过去时态，故将realize改为realized。
10.考查冠词。句意：这一天的美并不是来自太阳的温暖，而是来自我们的心灵。此处表示特指，故在day前加the。
4.There are many problems when I am abroad lonely， especially when I am in the Czech Republic， its official is not English. So the first big problem is language. Many Czech people don't speak English. So I have to learn the Czech. It’s very challenging although there are seven cases for grammar. In the beginning， I can’t understand the rules at all. But little by little， I remembered it and learned how to speak Czech proper. The second problem is making friend. At school， I was often ignoring， while many of my classmates gathered together and chatted each other. However， I tried to talk to everyone I met and went out with them on weekends. Now I have many good friends.
【答案】1. lonely改为alone 2. its改为whose 3. 去掉Czech前the 4. although改为because/as/since 5. can’t改为couldn’t 6. it改为them 7. proper改为properly 8. friend改为friends 9. ignoring改为ignored 10.在chatted后加with
【解析】
1.考查形容词。句意：当我独自在国外时，有很多麻烦事。lonely孤独的，寂寞的；alone单独的，独自的，故将lonely改为alone。
2.考查关系代词。句中Czech Republic后面是逗号，不是并列句，它是先行词，在后面的非限制性定语从句中做定语，故将its改为whose。
3.考查冠词。句意：我必须学捷克语。故Czech前去掉the。
4.考查连词。句意：这是非常有挑战性的，因为有七个语法案例。根据句意可知此处是原因状语从句，故将although改为because/as/since。
5.考查时态。句意：开始我一点也不知道语法规则。根据句意可知用一般过去时态，故将 can’t改为couldn’t 。
6.考查代词。句意：我渐渐地学会了这些规则。故用them代替the rules，把 it改为them。
7.考查副词。副词修饰动词，故将proper改为properly。
8.考查名词。句意：第二个麻烦是交朋友。make friends交朋友，故将friend改为friends。
9.考查语态。句意：在学校，我经常被忽视。句子用被动语态，故将ignoring改为ignored。
10.考查介词。句意：互相聊天。chat with sb.与某人聊天，故在chatted后加with。
5.（贵州省遵义航天高级中学2018届高三一模））Having a dream is of great importance. Your dreams are ordinary and realistic. I hope I will admitted into a top university and become a good doctor after I will graduate from university. I hoped one day I can find a cure for cancer. I hope those whom love me and those whom I love will be healthy and live happy every day. To realize my dreams， I will take more exercises to build up my body. I will try my best to focus time and energy to my study. I must work hard at my lessons or be fully preparing for the entrance exam.
【答案】1.Your改为My 2. will后加be 3. 去掉will 4. hoped改为hope 5. whom改为who/that 6. happy改为happily 7. exercises改为exercise 8. to改为on 9. or改为and 10. preparing改为prepared
【解析】本文作者谈论了自己的梦想。
1.考查代词。根据下文，可知整篇文章都在讲述I的故事，故将your改为my。
2.考查动词。will后跟动词原形，句子的主语是admit的动作承受者，故在will后加be。所以will后加be。
3.考查时间状语从句。after引导的时间状语从句，用一般现在时代替将来时，故去掉will。
4.考查时态。根据上下文都是一般现在时，此处也应用一般现在时，故将hoped改为hope。
5.考查定语从句。这里含有一个定语从句，关系词在从句作主语，指人，故将whom改为who/that。
6.考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词live，故将happy改为happily。
7.考查名词。此处的exercise为不可数名词，故将exercises改为exercise。
8.考查固定短语。根据短语focus…on…将……集中于……，故将to改为on。
9.考查连词。根据该词前后的关系应是并列关系，故将or改为and。
10.考查固定用法。be prepared for为……准备好，故将preparing改为prepared。
6.（辽宁省沈阳市东北育才学校2018届高三一模）Last week I went to visit my former neighbor， Mr. Yang. He and I used to living next to each other for many years. About half a year ago， news came which the old building， along with many other similar ones， were going to be pulled down to make a room for a main street. So they had to move apart. Mr. Yang now lives in the suburbs near a beautifully park. His apartment is much big than before. The only problem is that it took quite a long time to get to the downtown area. Therefore， Mr. Yang doesn’t seem to worry about the long distance. He says that a new subway line will be built in a few years and he is sure life will be better in the future.
【答案】1. living改为live 2. which改为that 3. were改为was 4.make a room去掉a
5. they改为we 6. beautifully改为beautiful 7. big改为bigger 8. took改为takes 9. Therefore改为However 10. and后加that
【解析】
1.考查固定搭配。动词短语used to do sth过去常常做某事；used to后面接动词原形。故将living改为live。
2.考查名词性从句。本句是一个同位语从句。连接词that引导同位语从句解释名词order的内容，在句中不充当任何成份。故将which改为that。
3.考查主谓一致。主语news是不可数名词，故谓语动词用单数形式。故将were改为was。
4.考查固定搭配。make room for为固定搭配。故将make a room去掉a。
5.考查代词。本句中we指代“我们”，因为房子被拆掉了，所以我们不得不分开。故将they改为we。
6.考查形容词。形容词修饰名词。故将beautifully改为beautiful。
7. 考查形容词比较级。后面有介词than，前面有much修饰，说明本句应该使用比较级bigger的形式。故将big改为bigger。
8.考查时态。本句话是一般现在时的时态，且主语是第三人称单数it，所以谓语部分使用takes。故将took改为takes。
9.考查副词辨析。 唯一的问题是到时去要花很多时间，然而他似乎一点也不担心。上下文之间存在着转折关系，故使用however表示转折关系。故将Therefore改为However。
10.考查宾语从句。当动词后面有多个宾语从句的时候，第一个that可以省略，第二个that是不能省略的。所以本句中第二个that不省略。故在and后加that。
7.Self-protection is one of the most important skill for teenagers. But how can we protect ourselves? Here are some of my advice.
First， we should be careful when we make friends， especial on line. Second， whether we are in danger， we must call the police for help on time so that we can keep ourselves safe. Also， we ought to eat healthily and safely. Beside， we shouldn’t crowd each other when we go to upstairs or downstairs at school. Last but not least， summer is coming， and we must remember swim alone is dangerous.
In word， we need to learn how to protect yourselves and stay away from danger.
【答案】1. skill改为skills 2. are改为is 3. especial改为 especially 4. whether改为when/if 5. on改为in6. Beside改为 Besides 7.把前面的to去掉 8. swim改为swimming 9.在in和word之间加a 10. yourselves改为ourselves
【解析】
1考查名词。.one of +名词复数，故将skill改为skills。
2.考查主谓一致。advice是不可数名词，做主语，后面的谓语动词用单数形式，故将are改为is。
3.考查副词。副词修饰介词短语，故将especial改为 especially。
4.考查连接词。句意：当/如果处于危险时，要及时报警，保证自身的安全。根据句意可知把whether改为when/if。
5. 考查介词。句意：当/如果处于危险时，要及时报警，保证自身的安全。in time及时，故将on改为in。
6.考查副词。句意：我们应该健康安全地吃。另外，我们在学校上下楼时不应该拥挤。此处表示递进关系，故将Beside改为 Besides。
7. 考查副词。upstairs本身就是在楼上，到楼上的意思，是副词，故将前面的to去掉。
8.考查动名词。句意：一定要记住单独游泳是危险的。此处是动名词做主语，故将swim改为swimming。
9.考查固定短语。in a word总而言之，故在in和word之间加a。
10.考查代词。句意：我们应该学会怎样保护我们自己。故将yourselves改为ourselves。
8.（湖北省黄冈市2018届高三上期末）Nowadays in China， either in the morning nor after dinner ，people， especial elderly women， will gather in squares to dance to popular music. More and more young people are also participating the square dance now.
There are many reasons for their popularity. First of all， China has made a great progress in the social and economic development in the past decades， and people had more time and energy to enjoy their lives. Besides， do the square dance is a good way for people to get fit.
However， dancers play loud music and occupy lots of public places， where makes many people annoying. Maybe square dancers need to make some change.
【答案】1. nor改为or 2. especial改为especially 3.删去gather前面的will 4.在participating后面加上in 5. their改为its 6. had改为have 7. do改为doing 8. where改为which 9. annoying改为annoyed 10. change改为 changes
【解析】
1. 考查固定用法。句意：目前在中国，要么在早晨或者是在晚饭之后，特别是老年妇女，聚集在广场上跟着流行音乐跳舞。either or不是…就是…，…或…，要么…要么。故将nor改为or。
2. 考查副词。特别是老年妇女。这里需要用副词作状语，故将especial改为especially。
3. 考查时态。联系上下文可知，本文是一般现在时，故删去gather前面的will。
4. 考查介词。句意：现在越来越多的年轻人也加入了广场舞。participate in参加，加入。故在participating后面加上in。
5. 考查代词。句意：广场舞受欢迎的背后有很多的原因。用its popularity代表广场舞的流行。故将their改为its。
6. 考查时态。句意：人们有更多的时间和精力来享受生活。联系上下文，可知这里要用一般现在时。故将had改为have。
7. 考查动名词作主语。句意：除此以外，广场舞也是人们保持健康的一个好方法。动词不能直接作主语，要用动名词作主语，故将do改为doing。
8. 考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。句意：然而，跳舞者播放大声的音乐并占用很多的公共场所，这让很多人很恼怒。根据句意可知，这里构造的非限制性定语从句，用关系代词指代上面的句子dancers play loud music and occupy lots of public places并在定语从句中作主语，故将where改为which。
9. 考查形容词词义辨析。annoying令人恼火的，令人烦恼的；annoyed 恼怒的，烦闷的。这里的意思是让很多人感到恼怒，用annoyed。故将annoying改为annoyed。
10. 考查名词。句意：或许跳广场舞的人需要做一些改变。make some changes 做出一些改变。故将change改为 changes。
9.（甘肃省高台一中2018届高三第五次模拟）Yesterday I went to see a film with my best friend. We set off at 1:30 in the afternoon and plan to arrive at the cinema before 2:30 so that we could watch the 3:15 show. The traffic was terrible bad. That made it even worse was that our bus broke up on the way. They stopped a taxi but rushed to the cinema， arriving ten minutes before the show. “Two ticket for 3:15，” Kate said， put the money on the courier. The film started at the moment we sat down in the cinema. It was an exciting film and we had great time yesterday afternoon.
【答案】1. plan 改为 planned 2. terrible 改为terribly 3. That 改为 What 4. up 改为 down 5. They 改为 We 6. but 改为 and 7. ticket 改为 tickets 8. put改为 putting 9.去掉 at 10. had 后加 a
【解析】1.考查时态。发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时，故将plan 改为 planned。
2.考查副词。修饰形容词bad，用副词，故将terrible 改为 terribly。
3.考查主语从句。what made it even worse是一个主语从句，引导词在从句中作主语， 故将That 改为 What。
4.考查固定用法。更糟糕的是我们的公共汽车在路上坏了。break down发生故障，是固定用法，故将up 改为 down。
5.考查代词。我们拦了一辆出租车，并且慌忙冲向电影院。故将They 改为 We。
6.考查连词。我们拦了一辆出租车，并且慌忙冲向电影院。表示并列关系，故将but 改为 and。
7.考查名词单复数。被Two修饰，所以用复数，故将ticket改为 tickets。
8.考查非谓语动词。put与其逻辑主语Kate之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，故将put 改为 putting。
9.考查固定用法。我们刚一坐下，电影就开始了。the moment表示“一……就”，故去掉 at。
10.考查固定用法。have a great time玩得高兴，是固定用法，故将had 后加 a。
10.Last month， my good friend Mark got an expensive watch as his birthday present. He showed to everyone in my class proud. I really envied him and every day I ask my mum to buy me an expensive present. However， to my disappointment， I only got a second-hand bike at that special day. So one day while I was riding my “dear” bike back home from school， I passed the shop that my mum worked. I saw a familiar figure kneeling down in the front of it cleaned the outside steps of the shop. It was my mum! She worked so harder to raise me! Tear in my eyes， I got off the bike and worked together with her.
【答案】
1.showed 和to之间加it??? ；2.proud改为proudly； ?? 3.ask改为asked；4.at改为on； ??
5.So改为But? ；6.that改为where； ?? 7.删除in the font of中的定冠词the? ； ?
8.cleaned改为cleaning ； ?? 9.harder改为hard； ?? 10.Tear改为Tears
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者央求妈妈买一件贵的生日礼物，结果只是一辆二手自行车。不过一天作者看到了妈妈上班时跪在地上打扫台阶，终于理解了妈妈的辛苦。 1考查代词。句意：他在班级骄傲的向每个人展示它。show sth. to sb.固定短语，“向某人展示某物”。这里需要加代词it，代指前面的an expensive watch。故在showed 和to之间加 it。 2考查副词。句意：他在班级骄傲的向每个人展示它。修饰动词show用副词修饰。故将proud改为proudly。 3考查时态。句意：每天我都向妈妈要求买贵的礼物。根据全文时态可知，这里应该用一般过去时。故将ask改为asked。 4.考查介词。句意：然而在那特殊的一天，我只得到一辆二手自行车。在具体的某一天用介词on。故将at改为on。 5.考查连词。句意：但有一天，我从学校骑车回家。根据前后句可知，这里是转折关系，故用but。故将So改为But。 6.考查定语从句。句意：我经过了我妈妈工作的商店。work是不及物动词，所以先行词shop在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故将that改为where。 7.考查冠词。句意：我看见一个熟悉的身影跪在商店前面，打扫商店外面的台阶。根据语境可知，这里用in front of“在……前面”。故将the删掉。 8.考查非谓语动词。句意：我看到一个熟悉的身影打扫着商店的台阶。句中宾语a familiar figure与补足语clean为主动关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。句意：我看到一个熟悉的身影打扫着商店的台阶。故将cleaned改为cleaning。 9.考查形容词。句意：她工作如此的勤奋来抚养我。根据语境不需要用比较级。故将harder改为hard。 10考查名词。句意：眼中充满了泪水。名词tear为可数名词，故用复数形式。故将Tear改为Tears。
