专题二十七 语法填空（解析版+原卷版）

专题二十七 语法填空（原卷版）

语法填空题的考查形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词。考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。具体考查形式有以下几种：
一、给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分，可能需要填写两个或三个词，或是填写非谓语动词；
二、给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀)；
三、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；
四、不给提示词，主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词。
有提示词：考查谓语动词，非谓语动词，形容词，副词
一、纯空格类试题的解题技巧
技巧1 名词、代词、动名词前设空，首先考虑限定词与介词
在纯空格类试题中，如果在名词前设空，答案应首先考虑限定词与介词。限定词包括冠词(a，an，the)、物主代词(my，your，his等)、名词所有格、不定代词(no，some，any，one，each，every，either，neither，another，other等)
【考例1】（2018·全国II）Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___2___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去的25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。这里特指在过去的25年里。故填the。
【考例2】（2018·全国III）I was searching ___7___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.
【答案】for
【解析】考查动词固定搭配。Search for 是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”寻找“我”研究的三只西部底地大猩猩。
【考例3】（2018·浙江）……then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ___5___ dinner,……
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示目的用介词for，故填for。
【考例4】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)____ 1____ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
【答案】as　
【解析】考查介词。这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“作为”，故填as。
【考例5】（2017·全国卷III）Instead, she is earning ￡6，500 a day as 2.________ model in New York.
【答案】a　
【考例】考查冠词。根据句意和语境可知，萨拉只是纽约众多模特中的一个，是泛指；而且model的第一个音素是辅音音素，故用不定冠词a。
技巧2及物动词后设空，首先考虑代词或名词
如果动词是及物动词，其后应跟宾语。因此如果在及物动词后设空，应首先考虑代词，尤其宾格代词，以代替上文提到的人或者事物，或结合语境填人名词作它的宾语。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）……，so perhaps we should all give___10___a try.
【答案】it或running
【解析】考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为：试试。此处it指代running。故填it或running。
【考例2】（2018·全国III）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ____8____(they) alive.
【答案】them
【解析】考查代词。此处作find的宾语，所以用宾格them。故填them。
【考例3】（2017·全国卷II）However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using ___7._____ every day.
【答案】it
【解析】考查代词it的用法。这里指代伦敦地铁，故用it。
技巧3平时注意积累，注意习惯搭配
语法填空中的一些纯空格题实际上考查的是习惯搭配。解决此类问题，考生需要注意平时积累一些常见的固定搭配和习惯用语，多阅读地道的英语文章，培养语感，这样在做题时就可以游刃有余，又快又好。
【考例1】（2018·全国III）Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____2____ top of her lungs.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of,表示“以最大的肺活量喊叫”。故填the。
【考例2】（2018·浙江）Many westerners ___57___ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ___58___ can be to eat out.
【答案】it
【解析】考查it句型结构。句子是感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out，其中不定式to eat out是真正主语，用it作形式主语。故填it。
【考例3】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）As ___ 5_____ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果是”，句意：结果是，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补失去的东西。故填a。
【考例4】（2017·全国卷Ⅲ）After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree____ 8____ engineering or architecture.
【答案】in　
【解析】考查介词。get a degree in是固定搭配，意为“在……方面获得学位”。
【考例5】（2016·全国新课标II） Most of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 45 possible before lunch.
【答案】44.on 45.as
【解析】44.考查固定搭配。形容词短语be focused on集中于....；很多人早晨对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。
45.考查固定搭配。短语as...as....和...一样；正是因为人们早晨的注意力更为集中，所以我们要早起，要和午饭之前一样的高效率。
【考例6】（2016·全国新课标I）The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __10____ other is with mum-she never suspects.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。固定短语：one …the other“一个……另一个”。 故填the。
技巧4掌握并列句和主从复合句的结构。
若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，就必须要有连词，否则句子结构就不完整。接着通过判定从句类型来选择适当的连词
【考例1】（2018·全国I）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life___5___ walking, cycling or swimming.
【答案】than
【解析】考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知此处填than。
【考例2】（2018·全国I）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014___6___showed a mere five to 10 minutes.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。
【考例3】（2018·全国II）Corn uses less water ___5___ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff.
【答案】than
【解析】考查连词。句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根据关键词less可知，填比较连词。故填than。
【考例4】（2018·全国II）……when the government started a soil-testing program ___9___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】that或which
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
【考例5】（2018·全国III）I'm not sure _____1_____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
【答案】which
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定那一个更害怕，我，还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示选择，所以用which表示“哪一个”，故填which。
【考例6】（2018·浙江）Many westerners ___57___ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
【答案】who/that
【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。
【考例7】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,____ 10____ is not good for the health.
【答案】which　
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的to have too much of both，即“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填which。
【方法与技巧】
1.如果判定从属连词所引导的从句起形容词的作用，则为定语从句。再根据定语从句的先行词和代表先行词的关系词在从句中作什么句子成分来确定用何关系词。若在从句中作主语或宾语用关系代词，若作状语就用关系副词。
2.如果判定从属连词所引导的从句起名词的作用(作主语、宾语、表语、同位语)，则为名词性从句。再根据名词性从句的连接词在从句中的意义和作什么句子成分，来确定用什么连接词。
3.如果判定从属连词所引导的从句起副词的作用，则为状语从句。再根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系或连词在从句中作什么句子成分，来确定合适的连词。
【例1】One day，he came up with an idea would pluck up all of his crop a few inches．
答案：that that引导同位语从句，补充说明前面idea的内容。
【例2】In Lanzhou I visited a factory everything was very simple，including its equipment and the director's office，yet the factory turned out quite good products．
答案：where这是一个定语从句，先行词是factory，在这里它是一个表示场所的名词。空格处所需要的关系词在定语从句中作状语，所以用where。
二、有提示词类试题的解题技巧
技巧1 形容词、名词后提示词为动词，首先考虑不定式
在英语中形容词后接不定式的情况比较常见。此时不定式作状语，表示原因、目的等。另外，形容词后接不定式时，不定式常用主动形式，其逻辑主语或宾语常为句子的主语。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）You don't have to run fast or for long___2___(see)the benefit.
【答案】to see
【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意：你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。
【考例2】（2018·全国II）The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___4___ (improve) water quality.
【答案】to improve
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。
【考例3】（2017·浙江卷）Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring.____ 1____ (cook) a meal.
【答案】to cook
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Pahlsson摘掉戒指为的是做一顿饭。动词不定式作目的状语，故填to cook。
【考例4】（2016·全国新课标III）Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create) special designs.
【答案】to create
【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意：技术娴熟的工人们会把各种种各样的硬质木材和金属结合起来。
技巧 1动词后设空，提示词为动词，首先考虑动词的名词形式、动词不定式或动名词。
【考例1】（2018·全国II）This switch has decreased ___6___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
【答案】pollution
【解析】考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。
【考例2】（2018·全国III）My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___6___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
【答案】scientist
【解析】考查名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。
【考例3】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）They are required___ 3_____ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
【答案】to process
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：需要它们来加工我们所吃的食物。require to do sth.表示“要求做某事”，其被动形式为be required to do sth.表示“被要求做某事”，故填to process。
技巧2物主代词或者介词后设空，提示词为动词时，首先考虑动词的名词形式或动名词形式
【考例1】（2018·全国I）You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___3___ (die) early by running.
【答案】dying
【解析】考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。
【考例2】（2018·全国I）A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___7___(cause).
【答案】causes
【解析】考查名词复数形式。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
【考例3】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）Fast food is full of fat and salt; by ____ 8____ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
【答案】eating　
【解析】考查动名词。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。
【考例4】（2017·全国卷Ⅲ）She is determined to carry on with her 6.________ (educate)．
【答案】education　
【解析】考查名词。前面是形容词性物主代词her，故用名词形式。
技巧3名词、代词后设空，提示词为动词时，注意时态、语态
名词、代词后给出的提示词是动词时，确定这个提示词是作谓语后，应需要注意动词的时态和语态。主语和谓语动词之间是主谓关系时动词就应用主动语态，是动宾关系时就应用被动语态。做题时还应注意根据文章所用的时态，选用恰当的时态。同时还要注意主谓一致问题。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it ___4___ (be) more effective at lengthening life___5___ walking, cycling or swimming.
【答案】is
【解析】考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。
【考例2】（2018·全国II）Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___1___（grow）more corn than rice.
【答案】has grown
【解析】考查时态。Since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。
【考例3】（2018·全国II）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___8___ (start) a soil-testing program ___9___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】started
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。
【考例4】（2018·全国III）True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____9____(mean)me no real harm.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查动词时态。分析句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语动词，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去式，所以用meant。故填meant。
【考例5】（2018·浙江）……and I ___60___(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
【答案】was shocked
【解析】考查形容词。此处表示我感到很震惊。shock的主语是I,用形容词和系动词组成系表结构，表示过去发生的事，系动词用过去式。故填was shocked。
【考例6】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）Fast food ___ 7_____ (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
【答案】is　
【解析】考查主谓一致。fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
技巧4 谓语动词之后或之前设空，且给出的提示词为动词时，首先考虑非谓语动词形式。
分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时，在谓语动词之后或之前设空，且给出的提示词为动词时，应用非谓语动词形式。此时要注意所给动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系。如果是主谓关系，要考虑用动词的现在分词形式；如果是动宾关系，要考虑用动词的过去分词形式；如果提示词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，要用分词的完成式。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to___8___(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes.
【答案】
【解析】考查词形变化。句意：锻炼以增强你的腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定时的符号，其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。
【考例2】（2018·全国III）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____4____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____5____(challenge).
【答案】looking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。
【考例3】（2018·全国III）Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ____10____ (stay)and watch.
【答案】to stay
【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定结构allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事，应该用to stay。故填to stay。
【考例4】（2018·浙江）I still remember ___59___ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I ___60___(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我还记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友。remember后接动名词表示“记得做过某事”。故填visiting。
【考例5】（2017·全国卷Ⅲ）But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 1.________ (rest).
【答案】resting　
【解析】考查非谓语动词。spend…(in) doing sth是固定句式，意为“花……做某事”。 故填resting。
技巧5 be动词后设空，提示词为动词时，要考虑用提示词的形容词，现在分词或过去分词形式。
如果语境表示动作正在进行，答案就应用动词的现在分词形式；如果语境表示动作被执行，答案应用动词的过去分词形式；如果两者都不是，就要考虑形容词作表语的情况。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）Running is cheap, easy and it's always___9___(energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports,
【答案】energetic
【解析】考查词形变化。句意：跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。
【考例2】（2018·全国III）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____5____(challenge).
【答案】challenged
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。
【考例3】（2018·浙江）While regularly eating out seems to ___1___(become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost.
【答案】have become
【解析】考查非谓语动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知用现在完成时，seems to后用动词原形，故填have become。
【考例4】（2018·浙江）The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be ___2___(afford) but doing this most days adds up.
【答案】affordable
【解析】考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的，系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”故填affordable。
【考例5】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）However, be ____9____ (care) not to go to extremes.
【答案】careful　
【解析】考查形容词。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。
技巧6从属连词后设空，提示词为动词时，首先考虑现在分词或过去分词，如表示将来时可考虑用不定式。
状语从句的省略是高考考查的热点。从属连词后设空，且提示词为动词时，考生要考虑所给动词与其逻辑主语的关系。如果是主谓关系则应用现在分词；如果是动宾关系，则应用过去分词；如果表示将来的动作应用不定式。由when，while，as，until，if，as if，than等引导的状语从句有此省略用法。
【考例1】（2018·全国II）China's approach to protecting its environment while ___10___ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
【答案】feeding
【解析】考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了China is，省略句的原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、，让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。
技巧7空格处的提示词为形容词、副词时，首先考虑比较级或最高级形式或者形容词的副词形式。
在语法填空中，对形容词、副词的考查主要是指对形容词、副词的比较级或最高级的考查，因此要特别注意一些形容词、副词的比较级或最高级的不规则形式，如well／good→better →best；bad→worse→worst等。如果所给提示词为形容词，还要注意可能会用形容词的副词形式
【考例l】（2018·全国I）According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ___1___(long) than non-runners.
【答案】longer
【解析】考查副词比较级。句意：医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。
【考例2】（2018·全国III）He screams the ___3___(loud)of all.
【答案】loudest
【解析】考查最高级。根据后面的of all可知，他声音最大，所以用最高级loudest。故填loudest。
【考例3】（2018·浙江）There could be an even ___3___ (high) cost on your health.
【答案】higher
【解析】考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，由even表示程度修饰比较级，故填higher。
【考例4】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）Even ____ 6____ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
【答案】worse　
【解析】考查比较级。更糟糕的是，人们所吃的快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。
技巧8 动词前或后设空且提示词为形容词时，首先考虑副词形式。
副词主要用来修饰动词。副词在句中的位置比较灵活，可位于动词之前也可以位于动词之后，因此如果动词前或后设空且提示词为形容词，首先考虑副词形式。因此需要注意形容词变为副词的变化规则。
【考例1】（2018·全国II）A taste for meat is ___3___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
【答案】actually
【解析】考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。
【考例2】（2017·全国卷II）Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been____ 6____ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
【答案】fairly
【解析】考查副词。修饰unpleasant形容词，用副词，故填fairly。
【考例3】（2017·全国卷Ⅲ）It is ___ 10_____ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.
【答案】certainly　
【解析】考查副词。修饰形容词fun用副词，故填certainly 。
【考例3】（2016·全国新课标I）The title will be __3___(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
【答案】officially
【解析】考查副词。修饰过去分词given用副词，故填officially。
技巧9名词前设空且提示词为名词时，首先考虑该名词的形容词形式。
名词前设空且提示词为名词时，此空多数情况下是作定语的，当然名词本身也可以作定语，但是填原形的可能性非常小，因此应首先考虑该词的形容词形式，这就要牢记形容词的一些常见后缀，如-ous，-al，-y，-tive等。
【考例1】（2018·浙江）Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ___4___(weigh) problems.
【答案】
【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。
【考例2】（2018·全国II）According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___7___ (globe)fertilizer consumption.
【答案】global
【解析】考查词性转换。句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。
【考例3】（2017·浙江卷）But something made her look closer, and she noticed a___ 57_____ (shine) object.
【答案】shiny或shining
【解析】考查形容词。此处根据下文的object可知，需用形容词作定语，修饰object。故填shiny或shining。
技巧10 形容词后设空，提示词是名词或动词，考虑名词或名词的单复数形式。
【考例1】（2018·浙江）Making Chinese ___56___(dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
【答案】dishes
【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
【考例2】（2017·全国卷Ⅲ）She has turned down several 7.________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
【答案】invitations　
【解析】考查名词复数。根据句意“她拒绝了几个邀请”可知，此处需要填名词，而且invitation是可数名词，前面有several修饰，故用复数形式。
【考例3】（2017·全国卷II）It ran for just under seven kilometres and allowed people to avoid terrible 1.________ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.
【答案】crowds　
【解析】考查名词复数。伦敦人口众多，导致路面交通拥堵，于是修建地铁。用crowds这一复数形式，表示不断涌现的人群，用来形容人口稠密。
【考例4】（2017·浙江卷）Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small____ 56____ (carrot) and was about to throw them away.
【答案】carrots
【解析】考查名词的形式。根据a handful of可知，应该是一把小胡萝卜，所以用carrot的复数形式。故填carrots。
技巧11 and或者or前后设空，答题时要注意前后一致。
and和or为并列连词，它们前后的词的形式应是一致的，因此做语法填空时可根据这一特点来答题。
【考例1】（2017·全国卷Ⅱ）This included digging up the road,____ 3____ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
【答案】laying　
【解析】考查谓语动词。此处用lay的动名词形式laying与前面的digging和后面building形成并列。该词填空难度较大，若考生未辨明lie—lying/lay/lain和lay—laying/laid/laid等特殊词形变化会导致错误。故填laying。
【考例2】So he sold the farm and (spend)the rest of his life wandering the African continent，searching unsuccessfully for the gleaming gems that brought such high prices on the markets of the world．
【答案】spent
【解析】注意空格前的关键词and及谓语动词sold，据此可以判断此处应填表示并列的过去的动作，故填spent。
语法填空解题技巧：
1）给出动词基本形式，填写词性词形转化（转为名词、形容词），或填写谓语部分，或是非谓语动词。
2）给出词语，词性的变化，如名词、动词、形容词、副词之间的变化，名词的复数形式，
3）给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词（前缀）。
4）给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是反义词。
5）不给出词语填写限定词即：冠词、人称代词主格、宾格形式，物主代词、反身代词的单复数形式；形容词性的物主代词或some，any，other，another等限定词；有的名词前有限定词，比如：序数词、形容词最高级等，其前用定冠词。
1.（江西省新余市第四中学2019届高三9月月考）Recently, an Internet slang word Foxi- or “Buddhist”- is becoming increasingly popular as it encourages people, especially?____1____?young to remain calm and peaceful and avoid conflicts as much as possible- in other words, to live like a Buddha.
The phrase??____2____?(create) for the first time in?2014 in?Japan to describe young men who no longer bother to start relationships with women or follow someone else’s life path. They prefer to stay in their own peaceful world without?____3____?(disturb) and care little about passion and success.
In this fast-changing and?____4____?(compete) world, many people are?____5____?heavy pressure. It’s only natural that people are seeking for a spiritual bay. However, some would compare “foxi” with “demotivational(无动力的) culture”- a phrase?____6____?describes young people who feel aimless and powerless. They say that foxi actually reflects the reality that young people are losing their will to fight. They are pretending?____7____?(keep) a healthy and wise attitude towards failure simply?____8____?they are incapable(无能力的) of succeeding.
All in all, there is one thing that “Buddhist Youngsters” should?____9____?(basic) keep in mind: You may want to keep a calm mindset,?____10____?you should never stop fighting for yourselves!


2.(河南省八市2018届高三第二次测评)A South Korean biomedical start-up called Ybrain has developed a headband that they claim will offer relief from the symptoms of___1___(depress). The device, called Mindd, works___2___(use) a technique called transcranial direct-current stimulation(tDCS). Here, a low-voltage electrical current___3___(apply) to specific areas in the brain via electrodes(电极) placed on the skull.
tDCS is not new-the basic___4___(principle) have been understood since the early 19th century. But the past decade or so has seen increased interest in its use in treating neurological and psychiatric conditions, and a 2016 meta-analysis of hundreds of studies concluded that it’s “possibly or probably effective”___5___a treatment for depression.
tDCS equipment can stimulate particular brain regions either ‘anodally’ (increasing neuronal activity)___6___‘cathodally’ (decreasing neuronal activity). The Mindd headset applies anodal stimulation via electrodes in the headband to the frontal lobe, an area___7___decreased activity is associated with depressive disorders. Mindd is not intended as a DIY solution: patients would use it in___8___own homes, and all data regarding treatment would be sent automatically to their doctor.
The headband is___9___(current) undergoing clinical trials at Harvard Medical School, and at 12 hospitals in South Korea. Early results are said to be__10___(promise), and if all goes well, Ybrain hopes to market the device to health providers by 2019.

3. （四川省南充市2018届高三一诊）Chinese President Xi Jinping issued a tough line on national sovereignty (主权) on Tuesday,___1___ (say) China will never permit the ___2___ (lose) of any piece of its land to outsiders. In a warning to its border nations, President Xi added ___3___ China would never swallow the bitter fruit of damage. The Presidents declaration ___4___ (come) during a nearly one-hour speech mailing the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Peopled Liberation Army.
“The Chinese people treasure peace and we _5___ (absolute) do not engage in invasion and expansion.___6___, we have the confidence to conquer all forms of invasion t w Xi told government ___7___ (leader) and current and retired PLA members.
“We absolutely will not permit any person, any organization, any ___8___ ( politics) party at any time, in any form ___9___ (separate) any piece of Chinese territory from China,” Xi said to applause.
“No one should expect us to swallow the bitter fruit of damage to our sovereignty, security and development interests.”
Xi didn’t refer __10___ any specific conflicts or disputes during his address.

4. （全国名校大联考2018届高三新课标仿真四）I was a lovely child with a loving family. I was not a follower ____1____ a leader in school. I was enthusiastic about life. At age twelve, my life had a breakdown. It was then ____2____ I developed OCD (强迫症).I was no longer the happy girl. I started taking medicine. In fact, the medicine did help. But I was still ___3____ (constant) sad and I started to believe that my life no longer had meaning. I decided suicide (自杀) was the ____4____ (solve). Suddenly, my eyes___5___ (fall) on a photograph. It was a little girl___6___ (wear) a carefree smile.
It took me a few minutes ___7____ (realize) who the girl in tht1 photo was. I even couldn’t believe that smiling child was me! It seemed my younger self had sent me a message. Right then and there I knew I couldn’t kill ____8____ (I). Once I had been a strong girl, and I had to be like that again. I swore I wouldn’t only rely ___9____ my medicine. I would fight the depression with my mind. too.
It’s been two years since I recovered. I learned a lifelong lesson: Never give up. Life is ____10____ (challenge), but everyone can survive. I am living proof of that.

5.（湖南省株洲市2018届高三教学质量统一检测）Located in a natural depression in Guizhou, China’s Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope, __1___ (know) as FAST, has identified six pulsars (脉冲星) after one year of trial operation. It is the first time Chinese scientists have discovered pulsars using a radio telescope independently developed by Chinese scientists, thus ___2___ (open) a “new era of Chinese original space discovery.”
It is truly encouraging for China to have achieved such results in just one year. Since the first pulsar ___3___ (discover), over 2,100 pulsars have been identified. But almost all of them are __4___ the scope of the Milky Way. Being the world’s largest radio telescope, FAST is expected to capture pulsars outside the galaxy. Apart from the massive size, it also has unmatched accuracy and sensitivity, allowing scientists ___5___ (find) previously hidden stars. Moreover, FAST is capable of surveying the night sky for multiple ___6___ (science) data at once, ___7___ enables astronomers to jump-start many science goals. Its innovative engineering concept and design pave ___8___ new road to realize a huge single dish in the most effective way.
China’s FAST science impact on astronomy will be extraordinary, and has the potential to revolutionize other ___9___ (area) of the natural sciences. It ___10___ (remain) the global leader for the next 10 to 20 years.

6．（四川省内江市2018届高三一模）Chrysanthemum (菊花) comes from China and was recorded in some Chinese books as early as the 5th century BC. The flower _1___ (introduce) to Japan during the Tang Dynasty. It usually begins to bloom (开花) in the 9th lunar month, lending a festive atmosphere to Double Ninth Day. That’s why the month is also referred to ___2___ “the month of chrysanthemum”.
The flower has been favored by ___3___ (poet) through the ages, because it is one of the only flowers that bloom in late autumn. Du Fu, a great Tang Dynasty poet, wrote more than ten poems singing the praises of the flower.
Chinese people 4___ (be) fond of enjoying chrysanthemum on Double Ninth Day long before. Chrysanthemum displays were usually held immediately after ___5___ day in some regions of China in the Qing Dynasty. People in Beijing began to stick chrysanthemums on doors and windows ___6___ (get) rid of the bad luck and bring in the good ones,__7___ was an alteration (改变) of the custom of __8___ (wear) chrysanthemum on people’s heads. At these displays family members accompany their elders to have a relaxing day in a natural atmosphere while wishing for good health and ___9___ (happy) for them. The displays are often _10___ (live) with a sea of visitors.

7. （江西省临川二中新余四中2018届高三1月联考）Did you grow up in one culture, your parents came from another, and you are now living in a ___1___ (total)different country? If so, then you are a third-culture kid.
The term “third—culture kid” ___2___ (use)in the 1960s for the first time by Dr. Ruth. She first came across this phenomenon while ___3___ (research)North American children living in India. In general, third-culture kids benefit from ___4___ (they)intercultural experience and they often reach excellent academic results.
Yet many ___5___ (difficulty)may arise from this phenomenon. Third-culture kids may not be able to adapt themselves completely ___6___ their new surroundings. Also, they often find it hard ___7___ (develop)new friendship. Additionally, for a third-culture kid, it is often easier to move to a new country ___8___ to return to his homeland. For example, after living in Australia for many years, Louis finally returned to the country ___9___ she was born. She didn’t know anything about current TV shows ___10___ fashion trends . And she didn’t share the same values as other teens of her age.

8. （山东省枣庄市三中2018届高三一调）I’ve not been around here much recently as I __1___ (be) busy with courses for these last few months. One of the courses we host is a Perma-culture Design Course, and I want to tell you about the “Kindness Angel”___2___ has been introduced into this year’s events.
On the wall of the classroom are taped ___3___ (envelope), and each has on it the name of someone on site. Those names ___4___ (write) on slips of paper and one is slipped into each envelope __5___ random. When you go to “your” envelope, this slip of paper is the name of the person that you are going to act as “Kindness Angel” for the whole period of time of the event. Of course, people are away from home and, have limited resources ___6___ (create) large or flashy kindnesses, so they’re being inventive. It is ___7___ (enjoy) to see people sneaking away other people’s dishes to wash,___8___ (leave) kind notes, and paying forward treats from the tuck shop (小卖部). And as people have kindness on their minds, they’re not just providing little kindnesses for their own person,___9___ for everyone. It’s lovely to see.
Following the last course I gave my younger son “his” envelope as it was stuffed full of little notes. Someone had drawn him a little Lego character; someone else had given him a beautiful snail’s shell that they had found. He has kept ___10___ all.

9.（云南省曲靖一中2018届高三质量检测五）Beijing opera or Peking opera is a form of Chinese opera __1___( combine ) music, vocal performances, dance and so on. It ___2___ (arise) in the late 18th century and became ___3___ (full) developed and recognized by the mid-19th century. The form was extremely popular in __4___ Qing Dynasty court and has come to be regarded as one of the ___5___ (culture) treasures of China. Major performance troupes (剧团，戏班子）are based in Beijing and Tianjin in the north, and Shanghai in the south. Also ___6___ (preserve) in Taiwan, the art form is still of great importance to people there.
___7___ (perform) of Peking opera use the skills of speech, song, dance, and combat in movements that are symbolic and suggestive. Above all else, the skill of performers ___8___ (evaluate) according to the beauty of their movements. The music of Beijing opera can be divided ___9___ the Xipi and Erhuang styles. The repertoire (全部曲目）of Beijing opera includes over 1,400 works, ___10___ characters are based on Chinese history, folklore, and, increasingly, contemporary life.

11.The Common Wealth is a group of 54 countries. The member _1___ (state) all use English as a common working language and have similar legal and education systems, but represent nearly every religion, race and political system ___2___ the planet.
The Common Wealth is active in a huge number of areas such as health and economics. _3___ heads of government meeting ___4___ (hold) every two years where the leaders of the member states get together ___5___ (discuss) current issues.
Common Wealth Day happens in the second week of March every year when Common Wealth’s citizens, ___6___ (particular) children, have a chance to celebrate their friendship. The Common Wealth also holds sporting and arts events. ___7___ is also an annual writer’s prize and a yearly arts and crafts ___8___ (compete).
Perhaps the most well-known event ___9___ (sponsor) by the organization is the Common Wealth games, ___10___ is held every four years in one of the member countries. The games have gained another name —the friendly games because of their reputation for good-natured competitiveness.

12.（四川省绵阳市南山中学2018届高三二诊）As the plane circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong. The plane was moving___1___(steady) through the air, and although the passengers___2___(fasten) their seat belts, they were suddenly thrown forward. At that moment, the air-hostess presented. She looked very pale,___3___was quite calm. Speaking quickly and almost in a whisper, she informed everyone that__4___pilot had fainted and asked if any of the passengers knew anything about machines. After a moment's__5___(hesitate), a man got up and followed the hostess into the pilot's cabin. Moving the pilot aside, the man took his seat and listened carefully to the urgent instructions that___6___(send) by radio from the airport below. To everyone's relief, the plane,_7___was dangerously close to the ground at the moment, soon began to climb. The man had to circle the airport several times to become familiar___8___the controls of the plane. The critical moment came when he had to land. The man,___9___(follow) the instructions, guided the plane toward the airfield, and it___10___(land) safely after a long run along the runway.


专题二十七 语法填空（解析版）

语法填空题的考查形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词。考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。具体考查形式有以下几种：
一、给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分，可能需要填写两个或三个词，或是填写非谓语动词；
二、给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀)；
三、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；
四、不给提示词，主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词。
有提示词：考查谓语动词，非谓语动词，形容词，副词
一、纯空格类试题的解题技巧
技巧1 名词、代词、动名词前设空，首先考虑限定词与介词
在纯空格类试题中，如果在名词前设空，答案应首先考虑限定词与介词。限定词包括冠词(a，an，the)、物主代词(my，your，his等)、名词所有格、不定代词(no，some，any，one，each，every，either，neither，another，other等)
【考例1】（2018·全国II）Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___2___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去的25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。这里特指在过去的25年里。故填the。
【考例2】（2018·全国III）I was searching ___7___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.
【答案】for
【解析】考查动词固定搭配。Search for 是固定搭配，表示“寻找”，表示“我”寻找“我”研究的三只西部底地大猩猩。
【考例3】（2018·浙江）……then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ___5___ dinner,……
【答案】for
【解析】考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示目的用介词for，故填for。
【考例4】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)____ 1____ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
【答案】as　
【解析】考查介词。这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“作为”，故填as。
【考例5】（2017·全国卷III）Instead, she is earning ￡6，500 a day as 2.________ model in New York.
【答案】a　
【考例】考查冠词。根据句意和语境可知，萨拉只是纽约众多模特中的一个，是泛指；而且model的第一个音素是辅音音素，故用不定冠词a。
技巧2及物动词后设空，首先考虑代词或名词
如果动词是及物动词，其后应跟宾语。因此如果在及物动词后设空，应首先考虑代词，尤其宾格代词，以代替上文提到的人或者事物，或结合语境填人名词作它的宾语。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）……，so perhaps we should all give___10___a try.
【答案】it或running
【解析】考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为：试试。此处it指代running。故填it或running。
【考例2】（2018·全国III）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ____8____(they) alive.
【答案】them
【解析】考查代词。此处作find的宾语，所以用宾格them。故填them。
【考例3】（2017·全国卷II）However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using ___7._____ every day.
【答案】it
【解析】考查代词it的用法。这里指代伦敦地铁，故用it。
技巧3平时注意积累，注意习惯搭配
语法填空中的一些纯空格题实际上考查的是习惯搭配。解决此类问题，考生需要注意平时积累一些常见的固定搭配和习惯用语，多阅读地道的英语文章，培养语感，这样在做题时就可以游刃有余，又快又好。
【考例1】（2018·全国III）Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____2____ top of her lungs.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of,表示“以最大的肺活量喊叫”。故填the。
【考例2】（2018·浙江）Many westerners ___57___ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ___58___ can be to eat out.
【答案】it
【解析】考查it句型结构。句子是感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out，其中不定式to eat out是真正主语，用it作形式主语。故填it。
【考例3】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）As ___ 5_____ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果是”，句意：结果是，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补失去的东西。故填a。
【考例4】（2017·全国卷Ⅲ）After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree____ 8____ engineering or architecture.
【答案】in　
【解析】考查介词。get a degree in是固定搭配，意为“在……方面获得学位”。
【考例5】（2016·全国新课标II） Most of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 45 possible before lunch.
【答案】44.on 45.as
【解析】44.考查固定搭配。形容词短语be focused on集中于....；很多人早晨对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。
45.考查固定搭配。短语as...as....和...一样；正是因为人们早晨的注意力更为集中，所以我们要早起，要和午饭之前一样的高效率。
【考例6】（2016·全国新课标I）The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __10____ other is with mum-she never suspects.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。固定短语：one …the other“一个……另一个”。 故填the。
技巧4掌握并列句和主从复合句的结构。
若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，就必须要有连词，否则句子结构就不完整。接着通过判定从句类型来选择适当的连词
【考例1】（2018·全国I）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life___5___ walking, cycling or swimming.
【答案】than
【解析】考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知此处填than。
【考例2】（2018·全国I）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014___6___showed a mere five to 10 minutes.
【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。
【考例3】（2018·全国II）Corn uses less water ___5___ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff.
【答案】than
【解析】考查连词。句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根据关键词less可知，填比较连词。故填than。
【考例4】（2018·全国II）……when the government started a soil-testing program ___9___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】that或which
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
【考例5】（2018·全国III）I'm not sure _____1_____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
【答案】which
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：我不确定那一个更害怕，我，还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示选择，所以用which表示“哪一个”，故填which。
【考例6】（2018·浙江）Many westerners ___57___ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
【答案】who/that
【解析】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。
【考例7】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,____ 10____ is not good for the health.
【答案】which　
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的to have too much of both，即“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填which。
【方法与技巧】
1.如果判定从属连词所引导的从句起形容词的作用，则为定语从句。再根据定语从句的先行词和代表先行词的关系词在从句中作什么句子成分来确定用何关系词。若在从句中作主语或宾语用关系代词，若作状语就用关系副词。
2.如果判定从属连词所引导的从句起名词的作用(作主语、宾语、表语、同位语)，则为名词性从句。再根据名词性从句的连接词在从句中的意义和作什么句子成分，来确定用什么连接词。
3.如果判定从属连词所引导的从句起副词的作用，则为状语从句。再根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系或连词在从句中作什么句子成分，来确定合适的连词。
【例1】One day，he came up with an idea would pluck up all of his crop a few inches．
答案：that that引导同位语从句，补充说明前面idea的内容。
【例2】In Lanzhou I visited a factory everything was very simple，including its equipment and the director's office，yet the factory turned out quite good products．
答案：where这是一个定语从句，先行词是factory，在这里它是一个表示场所的名词。空格处所需要的关系词在定语从句中作状语，所以用where。
二、有提示词类试题的解题技巧
技巧1 形容词、名词后提示词为动词，首先考虑不定式
在英语中形容词后接不定式的情况比较常见。此时不定式作状语，表示原因、目的等。另外，形容词后接不定式时，不定式常用主动形式，其逻辑主语或宾语常为句子的主语。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）You don't have to run fast or for long___2___(see)the benefit.
【答案】to see
【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意：你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。
【考例2】（2018·全国II）The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___4___ (improve) water quality.
【答案】to improve
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。
【考例3】（2017·浙江卷）Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring.____ 1____ (cook) a meal.
【答案】to cook
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Pahlsson摘掉戒指为的是做一顿饭。动词不定式作目的状语，故填to cook。
【考例4】（2016·全国新课标III）Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create) special designs.
【答案】to create
【解析】考查不定式作目的状语。句意：技术娴熟的工人们会把各种种各样的硬质木材和金属结合起来。
技巧 1动词后设空，提示词为动词，首先考虑动词的名词形式、动词不定式或动名词。
【考例1】（2018·全国II）This switch has decreased ___6___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
【答案】pollution
【解析】考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。
【考例2】（2018·全国III）My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___6___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
【答案】scientist
【解析】考查名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。
【考例3】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）They are required___ 3_____ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
【答案】to process
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：需要它们来加工我们所吃的食物。require to do sth.表示“要求做某事”，其被动形式为be required to do sth.表示“被要求做某事”，故填to process。
技巧2物主代词或者介词后设空，提示词为动词时，首先考虑动词的名词形式或动名词形式
【考例1】（2018·全国I）You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___3___ (die) early by running.
【答案】dying
【解析】考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。
【考例2】（2018·全国I）A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___7___(cause).
【答案】causes
【解析】考查名词复数形式。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
【考例3】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）Fast food is full of fat and salt; by ____ 8____ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
【答案】eating　
【解析】考查动名词。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。
【考例4】（2017·全国卷Ⅲ）She is determined to carry on with her 6.________ (educate)．
【答案】education　
【解析】考查名词。前面是形容词性物主代词her，故用名词形式。
技巧3名词、代词后设空，提示词为动词时，注意时态、语态
名词、代词后给出的提示词是动词时，确定这个提示词是作谓语后，应需要注意动词的时态和语态。主语和谓语动词之间是主谓关系时动词就应用主动语态，是动宾关系时就应用被动语态。做题时还应注意根据文章所用的时态，选用恰当的时态。同时还要注意主谓一致问题。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it ___4___ (be) more effective at lengthening life___5___ walking, cycling or swimming.
【答案】is
【解析】考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。
【考例2】（2018·全国II）Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___1___（grow）more corn than rice.
【答案】has grown
【解析】考查时态。Since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。句意：2011年以来，中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。
【考例3】（2018·全国II）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___8___ (start) a soil-testing program ___9___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】started
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。
【考例4】（2018·全国III）True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____9____(mean)me no real harm.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查动词时态。分析句子成分可知，本句缺少谓语动词，再根据总体时态可知要用一般过去式，所以用meant。故填meant。
【考例5】（2018·浙江）……and I ___60___(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
【答案】was shocked
【解析】考查形容词。此处表示我感到很震惊。shock的主语是I,用形容词和系动词组成系表结构，表示过去发生的事，系动词用过去式。故填was shocked。
【考例6】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）Fast food ___ 7_____ (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
【答案】is　
【解析】考查主谓一致。fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
技巧4 谓语动词之后或之前设空，且给出的提示词为动词时，首先考虑非谓语动词形式。
分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时，在谓语动词之后或之前设空，且给出的提示词为动词时，应用非谓语动词形式。此时要注意所给动词与其逻辑主语之间的关系。如果是主谓关系，要考虑用动词的现在分词形式；如果是动宾关系，要考虑用动词的过去分词形式；如果提示词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，要用分词的完成式。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to___8___(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes.
【答案】
【解析】考查词形变化。句意：锻炼以增强你的腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定时的符号，其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。
【考例2】（2018·全国III）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____4____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____5____(challenge).
【答案】looking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。
【考例3】（2018·全国III）Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ____10____ (stay)and watch.
【答案】to stay
【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定结构allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事，应该用to stay。故填to stay。
【考例4】（2018·浙江）I still remember ___59___ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I ___60___(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
【答案】visiting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我还记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友。remember后接动名词表示“记得做过某事”。故填visiting。
【考例5】（2017·全国卷Ⅲ）But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 1.________ (rest).
【答案】resting　
【解析】考查非谓语动词。spend…(in) doing sth是固定句式，意为“花……做某事”。 故填resting。
技巧5 be动词后设空，提示词为动词时，要考虑用提示词的形容词，现在分词或过去分词形式。
如果语境表示动作正在进行，答案就应用动词的现在分词形式；如果语境表示动作被执行，答案应用动词的过去分词形式；如果两者都不是，就要考虑形容词作表语的情况。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）Running is cheap, easy and it's always___9___(energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports,
【答案】energetic
【解析】考查词形变化。句意：跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。
【考例2】（2018·全国III）I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____5____(challenge).
【答案】challenged
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。
【考例3】（2018·浙江）While regularly eating out seems to ___1___(become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost.
【答案】have become
【解析】考查非谓语动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知用现在完成时，seems to后用动词原形，故填have become。
【考例4】（2018·浙江）The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be ___2___(afford) but doing this most days adds up.
【答案】affordable
【解析】考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的，系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”故填affordable。
【考例5】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）However, be ____9____ (care) not to go to extremes.
【答案】careful　
【解析】考查形容词。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。
技巧6从属连词后设空，提示词为动词时，首先考虑现在分词或过去分词，如表示将来时可考虑用不定式。
状语从句的省略是高考考查的热点。从属连词后设空，且提示词为动词时，考生要考虑所给动词与其逻辑主语的关系。如果是主谓关系则应用现在分词；如果是动宾关系，则应用过去分词；如果表示将来的动作应用不定式。由when，while，as，until，if，as if，than等引导的状语从句有此省略用法。
【考例1】（2018·全国II）China's approach to protecting its environment while ___10___ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
【答案】feeding
【解析】考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了China is，省略句的原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、，让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。
技巧7空格处的提示词为形容词、副词时，首先考虑比较级或最高级形式或者形容词的副词形式。
在语法填空中，对形容词、副词的考查主要是指对形容词、副词的比较级或最高级的考查，因此要特别注意一些形容词、副词的比较级或最高级的不规则形式，如well／good→better →best；bad→worse→worst等。如果所给提示词为形容词，还要注意可能会用形容词的副词形式
【考例l】（2018·全国I）According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ___1___(long) than non-runners.
【答案】longer
【解析】考查副词比较级。句意：医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。
【考例2】（2018·全国III）He screams the ___3___(loud)of all.
【答案】loudest
【解析】考查最高级。根据后面的of all可知，他声音最大，所以用最高级loudest。故填loudest。
【考例3】（2018·浙江）There could be an even ___3___ (high) cost on your health.
【答案】higher
【解析】考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，由even表示程度修饰比较级，故填higher。
【考例4】（2017·全国卷Ⅰ）Even ____ 6____ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
【答案】worse　
【解析】考查比较级。更糟糕的是，人们所吃的快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。
技巧8 动词前或后设空且提示词为形容词时，首先考虑副词形式。
副词主要用来修饰动词。副词在句中的位置比较灵活，可位于动词之前也可以位于动词之后，因此如果动词前或后设空且提示词为形容词，首先考虑副词形式。因此需要注意形容词变为副词的变化规则。
【考例1】（2018·全国II）A taste for meat is ___3___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
【答案】actually
【解析】考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。
【考例2】（2017·全国卷II）Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been____ 6____ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
【答案】fairly
【解析】考查副词。修饰unpleasant形容词，用副词，故填fairly。
【考例3】（2017·全国卷Ⅲ）It is ___ 10_____ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.
【答案】certainly　
【解析】考查副词。修饰形容词fun用副词，故填certainly 。
【考例3】（2016·全国新课标I）The title will be __3___(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
【答案】officially
【解析】考查副词。修饰过去分词given用副词，故填officially。
技巧9名词前设空且提示词为名词时，首先考虑该名词的形容词形式。
名词前设空且提示词为名词时，此空多数情况下是作定语的，当然名词本身也可以作定语，但是填原形的可能性非常小，因此应首先考虑该词的形容词形式，这就要牢记形容词的一些常见后缀，如-ous，-al，-y，-tive等。
【考例1】（2018·浙江）Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ___4___(weigh) problems.
【答案】
【解析】考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。
【考例2】（2018·全国II）According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___7___ (globe)fertilizer consumption.
【答案】global
【解析】考查词性转换。句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。
【考例3】（2017·浙江卷）But something made her look closer, and she noticed a___ 57_____ (shine) object.
【答案】shiny或shining
【解析】考查形容词。此处根据下文的object可知，需用形容词作定语，修饰object。故填shiny或shining。
技巧10 形容词后设空，提示词是名词或动词，考虑名词或名词的单复数形式。
【考例1】（2018·浙江）Making Chinese ___56___(dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
【答案】dishes
【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
【考例2】（2017·全国卷Ⅲ）She has turned down several 7.________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
【答案】invitations　
【解析】考查名词复数。根据句意“她拒绝了几个邀请”可知，此处需要填名词，而且invitation是可数名词，前面有several修饰，故用复数形式。
【考例3】（2017·全国卷II）It ran for just under seven kilometres and allowed people to avoid terrible 1.________ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.
【答案】crowds　
【解析】考查名词复数。伦敦人口众多，导致路面交通拥堵，于是修建地铁。用crowds这一复数形式，表示不断涌现的人群，用来形容人口稠密。
【考例4】（2017·浙江卷）Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small____ 56____ (carrot) and was about to throw them away.
【答案】carrots
【解析】考查名词的形式。根据a handful of可知，应该是一把小胡萝卜，所以用carrot的复数形式。故填carrots。
技巧11 and或者or前后设空，答题时要注意前后一致。
and和or为并列连词，它们前后的词的形式应是一致的，因此做语法填空时可根据这一特点来答题。
【考例1】（2017·全国卷Ⅱ）This included digging up the road,____ 3____ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
【答案】laying　
【解析】考查谓语动词。此处用lay的动名词形式laying与前面的digging和后面building形成并列。该词填空难度较大，若考生未辨明lie—lying/lay/lain和lay—laying/laid/laid等特殊词形变化会导致错误。故填laying。
【考例2】So he sold the farm and (spend)the rest of his life wandering the African continent，searching unsuccessfully for the gleaming gems that brought such high prices on the markets of the world．
【答案】spent
【解析】注意空格前的关键词and及谓语动词sold，据此可以判断此处应填表示并列的过去的动作，故填spent。
语法填空解题技巧：
1）给出动词基本形式，填写词性词形转化（转为名词、形容词），或填写谓语部分，或是非谓语动词。
2）给出词语，词性的变化，如名词、动词、形容词、副词之间的变化，名词的复数形式，
3）给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词（前缀）。
4）给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是反义词。
5）不给出词语填写限定词即：冠词、人称代词主格、宾格形式，物主代词、反身代词的单复数形式；形容词性的物主代词或some，any，other，another等限定词；有的名词前有限定词，比如：序数词、形容词最高级等，其前用定冠词。
1.（江西省新余市第四中学2019届高三9月月考）Recently, an Internet slang word Foxi- or “Buddhist”- is becoming increasingly popular as it encourages people, especially?____1____?young to remain calm and peaceful and avoid conflicts as much as possible- in other words, to live like a Buddha.
The phrase??____2____?(create) for the first time in?2014 in?Japan to describe young men who no longer bother to start relationships with women or follow someone else’s life path. They prefer to stay in their own peaceful world without?____3____?(disturb) and care little about passion and success.
In this fast-changing and?____4____?(compete) world, many people are?____5____?heavy pressure. It’s only natural that people are seeking for a spiritual bay. However, some would compare “foxi” with “demotivational(无动力的) culture”- a phrase?____6____?describes young people who feel aimless and powerless. They say that foxi actually reflects the reality that young people are losing their will to fight. They are pretending?____7____?(keep) a healthy and wise attitude towards failure simply?____8____?they are incapable(无能力的) of succeeding.
All in all, there is one thing that “Buddhist Youngsters” should?____9____?(basic) keep in mind: You may want to keep a calm mindset,?____10____?you should never stop fighting for yourselves!
【答案】
1. the??? 2. was created??? 3. being disturbed/disturbance??? 4. competitive??? 5. under??? 6. which/that??? 7. to keep??? 8. because??? 9. basically??? 10. but
【解析】文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。最近，一个网络俚语——“佛”——或“佛教”——正变得越来越流行，因为它鼓励人们，尤其是年轻人保持冷静和平和，尽可能避免冲突——换句话说，就是像佛一样生活。总而言之，有一件事是“Buddhist Youngsters”应该记住的是：你可能想要保持冷静的心态，但你永远不应该停止为自己而战！
1．考查定冠词the的用法。句意：最近，一个网络俚语——“佛”——或“佛教”——正变得越来越流行，因为它鼓励人们，尤其是年轻人保持冷静和平和，尽可能避免冲突——换句话说，就是像佛一样生活。the young意思是“年轻人”，故答案为the。
2．考查被动语态。句意：这句话是2014年在日本首次创造出来的，用来形容那些不再费心与女性建立关系或追随他人生活道路的年轻男性。此处句子主语The phrase?和create之间是被动关系，主语是单数第三人称，再根据2014，可知句子用一般过去时态的被动语态，故答案为was created。
3.考查动名词或名词。句意：他们宁愿呆在自己的和平世界里，不被打扰，也不关心激情和成功。介词without后面用名词或动名词，另外，句子主语they和disturb之间是被动关系，所以用动名词一般式的被动形式being done，故答案为being disturbed/disturbance。
4．考查词性转换。句意：在这个快速变化和竞争激烈的世界里，许多人承受着巨大的压力。形容词修饰名词，故答案为competitive（有竞争力的）。
5．考查固定搭配。句意：在这个快速变化和竞争激烈的世界里，许多人承受着巨大的压力。under pressure在压力之下，故答案为under。
6．考查定语从句。句意：然而，有些人会将“foxi”与“降低动力文化”进行比较，这一短语描述的是那些感到无目的、无能力的年轻人。此处a phrase是先行词，指物，后面的定语从句中缺少引导词和主语，所以这里用which或that引导定语从句，故答案为which/that。
7．考查动词不定式做宾语。句意：他们假装对失败保持健康和明智的态度仅仅是因为他们没有能力成功。pretend to do sth.假装做某事，所以此处是动词不定式做宾语，故答案为to keep。
8．考查原因状语从句。句意：他们假装对失败保持健康和明智的态度仅仅是因为他们没有能力成功。故答案为because。
9．考查副词。句意：总而言之，有一件事是“Buddhist Youngsters”应该记住的---。副词修饰动词，故答案为basically。
10．考查并列连词。句意：你可能想要保持冷静的心态，但你永远不应该停止为自己而战！此空表示一种转折关系，故答案为but。

2.(河南省八市2018届高三第二次测评)A South Korean biomedical start-up called Ybrain has developed a headband that they claim will offer relief from the symptoms of___1___(depress). The device, called Mindd, works___2___(use) a technique called transcranial direct-current stimulation(tDCS). Here, a low-voltage electrical current___3___(apply) to specific areas in the brain via electrodes(电极) placed on the skull.
tDCS is not new-the basic___4___(principle) have been understood since the early 19th century. But the past decade or so has seen increased interest in its use in treating neurological and psychiatric conditions, and a 2016 meta-analysis of hundreds of studies concluded that it’s “possibly or probably effective”___5___a treatment for depression.
tDCS equipment can stimulate particular brain regions either ‘anodally’ (increasing neuronal activity)___6___‘cathodally’ (decreasing neuronal activity). The Mindd headset applies anodal stimulation via electrodes in the headband to the frontal lobe, an area___7___decreased activity is associated with depressive disorders. Mindd is not intended as a DIY solution: patients would use it in___8___own homes, and all data regarding treatment would be sent automatically to their doctor.
The headband is___9___(current) undergoing clinical trials at Harvard Medical School, and at 12 hospitals in South Korea. Early results are said to be__10___(promise), and if all goes well, Ybrain hopes to market the device to health providers by 2019.
【答案】
1. depression 2. using 3. is applied 4. principles 5. as
6. or 7. where 8. their 9. currently 10. promising
【解析】
1. 考查名词。他们声称这种头巾可以减轻沮丧的症状。这里应该使用名词，填depression。
2. 考查非谓语动词。The device与use之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，填using。
3. 考查语态。a low-voltage electrical current与apply之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，填is applied。
4. 考查名词。根据have been understood，可知这里需要使用名词复数形式，填principles。
5. 考查语义理解。表示“作为治疗沮丧的一种方法”，所以填as。
6. 考查连词。‘anodally’ 与‘cathodally’ 之间是一种选择关系，所以填or。
7. 考查定语从句。______decreased activity is associated with depressive disorders. 是一个定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。
8. 考查代词。病人们可以在他们自己的家里使用它。表示“他们的”，所以填their。
9. 考查副词。修饰动词undergoing，用副词，所以填currently。
10. 考查形容词。作be动词之后的表语，用形容词，所以填promising。
3. （四川省南充市2018届高三一诊）Chinese President Xi Jinping issued a tough line on national sovereignty (主权) on Tuesday,___1___ (say) China will never permit the ___2___ (lose) of any piece of its land to outsiders. In a warning to its border nations, President Xi added ___3___ China would never swallow the bitter fruit of damage. The Presidents declaration ___4___ (come) during a nearly one-hour speech mailing the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Peopled Liberation Army.
“The Chinese people treasure peace and we _5___ (absolute) do not engage in invasion and expansion.___6___, we have the confidence to conquer all forms of invasion t w Xi told government ___7___ (leader) and current and retired PLA members.
“We absolutely will not permit any person, any organization, any ___8___ ( politics) party at any time, in any form ___9___ (separate) any piece of Chinese territory from China,” Xi said to applause.
“No one should expect us to swallow the bitter fruit of damage to our sovereignty, security and development interests.”
Xi didn’t refer __10___ any specific conflicts or disputes during his address.
【答案】
1. saying 2. loss 3. that 4. came 5. absolutely
6. However/Nevertheless 7. leaders 8. political 9. to separate 10. to
【解析】
1. 此处是现在分词做伴随状态，答案为saying。
2. 句意：中国绝不允许自己的“任何一块领土”分裂给它国。the用在名词前面，故答案为loss。
3. 句意：习主席向其邻国发出了严厉警告，他补充道，中国绝不“吞下损害主权的苦果”。此处是that引导的宾语从句。
4. 句意：主席在近半个小时的演讲中发表了此番声明，演讲是为纪念人民解放军成立90周年而作。根据句意可知句子用一般过去时态，答案为came。
5. 副词修饰动词，答案为absolutely。
6. 句意：习主席向政府领导人们和服役和退役人民解放军将士说道：“中国人民珍爱和平，我们决不搞侵略扩张，但我们有战胜一切侵略的信心。”可知此处表示转折，故答案为However/Nevertheless。
7. 句意：习主席向政府领导人们和服役和退役人民解放军将士说道：“中国人民珍爱和平，我们决不搞侵略扩张，但我们有战胜一切侵略的信心。”此处用名词复数形式，答案为leaders。
8. 句意：习近平回应掌声说道：“我们绝不允许任何人、任何组织、任何政党、在任何时候、以任何形式、把任何一块中国领土从中国分裂出去。”形容词修饰名词，故答案为political。
9. 句意：习近平回应掌声说道：“我们绝不允许任何人、任何组织、任何政党、在任何时候、以任何形式、把任何一块中国领土从中国分裂出去。”固定词组：permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，故答案为to separate。
10. 句意：习主席在他的演讲中并未指出任何特定冲突或纠纷。固定词组：refer to涉及，指的是，故答案为to。
4. （全国名校大联考2018届高三新课标仿真四）I was a lovely child with a loving family. I was not a follower ____1____ a leader in school. I was enthusiastic about life. At age twelve, my life had a breakdown. It was then ____2____ I developed OCD (强迫症).I was no longer the happy girl. I started taking medicine. In fact, the medicine did help. But I was still ___3____ (constant) sad and I started to believe that my life no longer had meaning. I decided suicide (自杀) was the ____4____ (solve). Suddenly, my eyes___5___ (fall) on a photograph. It was a little girl___6___ (wear) a carefree smile.
It took me a few minutes ___7____ (realize) who the girl in tht1 photo was. I even couldn’t believe that smiling child was me! It seemed my younger self had sent me a message. Right then and there I knew I couldn’t kill ____8____ (I). Once I had been a strong girl, and I had to be like that again. I swore I wouldn’t only rely ___9____ my medicine. I would fight the depression with my mind. too.
It’s been two years since I recovered. I learned a lifelong lesson: Never give up. Life is ____10____ (challenge), but everyone can survive. I am living proof of that.
【答案】
1. but 2. that 3. constantly 4. solution 5. fell
6. wearing 7. to realize 8. myself 9. on 10. challenging
【解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，作者通过讲述自己患强迫症的经历，使人们明白：每个人在人生中都会遇到挑战，但是每个人都可以幸存下来，所以决不要放弃。
1. 句意：我不是一个属下，而是一所学校的领导。not---but---，不是---而是---，可知答案为but。
2. 句意：是那时我得了强迫症。此处是强调句式，故答案为that。
3. 副词修饰形容词，故答案为constantly。
4. 句意：我决定自杀是解决问题的方法。根据句意可知用名词形式，故答案为solution。
5. 句意：突然我的眼睛落在一张照片上。根据句意词句用一般过去时态，故答案为fell。
6. 句意：这张照片是一个面带无忧无虑微笑的小女孩。此处是现在分词做后置定语，故答案为wearing。
7. 句意：意识到这照片里的女孩是谁花费了我几分钟的时间。固定句式：It takes sb. some time to do sth.此句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。故答案为to realize。
8. 句意：就在那时我知道我不能杀死自己。故答案为myself。
9. 句意：我发誓我不能仅仅依靠药物。rely on依赖，依靠，故答案为on。
10. 句意：生活正在挑战，但是每个人都能幸存。根据句意可知答案为challenging。
5.（湖南省株洲市2018届高三教学质量统一检测）Located in a natural depression in Guizhou, China’s Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope, __1___ (know) as FAST, has identified six pulsars (脉冲星) after one year of trial operation. It is the first time Chinese scientists have discovered pulsars using a radio telescope independently developed by Chinese scientists, thus ___2___ (open) a “new era of Chinese original space discovery.”
It is truly encouraging for China to have achieved such results in just one year. Since the first pulsar ___3___ (discover), over 2,100 pulsars have been identified. But almost all of them are __4___ the scope of the Milky Way. Being the world’s largest radio telescope, FAST is expected to capture pulsars outside the galaxy. Apart from the massive size, it also has unmatched accuracy and sensitivity, allowing scientists ___5___ (find) previously hidden stars. Moreover, FAST is capable of surveying the night sky for multiple ___6___ (science) data at once, ___7___ enables astronomers to jump-start many science goals. Its innovative engineering concept and design pave ___8___ new road to realize a huge single dish in the most effective way.
China’s FAST science impact on astronomy will be extraordinary, and has the potential to revolutionize other ___9___ (area) of the natural sciences. It ___10___ (remain) the global leader for the next 10 to 20 years.
【答案】
1. known 2. opening 3. was discovered 4. in/ within 5. to find
6. scientific 7. which 8. a 9. areas 10. will remain
【解析】文章报道了中国科学家第一次使用自主研发的射电望远镜发现确定了六颗脉冲星。
1. known考查过去分词。句中主语Spherical Radio Telescope和动词know是被动关系用过去分词，此处是过去分词作定语，故填known.
2. opening考查非谓语动词。此处thus指代这是中国科学家第一次使用由中国科学家自主研发的射电望远镜发现脉冲星。这一发现和动词open是主动关系，此处作状语用动词-ing形式，指这一发现开创了中国原创空间探索的新时代，故填opening.
3. was discovered考查被动语态。句中主语the first pulsar和动词discover是被动关系，动作发生在过去，指第一个脉冲星被发现，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was discovered.
4. in/ within考查介词。此处指几乎所有的脉冲星都在银河系的范围内，表示在…内，故填in/ within.
5. to find考查动词不定式。表示“允许某人做某事”用allow sb.to do sth.后面用不定式，故填to find.
6. scientific考查形容词。此处修饰名词data用形容词，指科学的数据，故填scientific.
7. which考查定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句，用关系代词which引导，指代前面整个句子，故填which
8. a考查冠词。句中road是单数可数名词，此处指其创新的工程理念和设计铺设了一条新路，表示数量一,故填a.
9. areas考查名词。句中area是可数名词，由other修饰用复数形式，指其他领域。故填areas.
10. will remain考查动词时态。根据句中时间状语the next 10 to 20 years可知用一般将来时，表示在未来10到20年将保持全球领袖地位。故填will remain.
6．（四川省内江市2018届高三一模）Chrysanthemum (菊花) comes from China and was recorded in some Chinese books as early as the 5th century BC. The flower _1___ (introduce) to Japan during the Tang Dynasty. It usually begins to bloom (开花) in the 9th lunar month, lending a festive atmosphere to Double Ninth Day. That’s why the month is also referred to ___2___ “the month of chrysanthemum”.
The flower has been favored by ___3___ (poet) through the ages, because it is one of the only flowers that bloom in late autumn. Du Fu, a great Tang Dynasty poet, wrote more than ten poems singing the praises of the flower.
Chinese people 4___ (be) fond of enjoying chrysanthemum on Double Ninth Day long before. Chrysanthemum displays were usually held immediately after ___5___ day in some regions of China in the Qing Dynasty. People in Beijing began to stick chrysanthemums on doors and windows ___6___ (get) rid of the bad luck and bring in the good ones,__7___ was an alteration (改变) of the custom of __8___ (wear) chrysanthemum on people’s heads. At these displays family members accompany their elders to have a relaxing day in a natural atmosphere while wishing for good health and ___9___ (happy) for them. The displays are often _10___ (live) with a sea of visitors.
【答案】
1. was introduced 2. as 3. poets 4. were 5. the
6. to get 7. which 8. wearing 9. happiness 10. lively
【解析】
1. was introduced. 考查被动语态。句中主语The flower和动词introduce是被动关系，指这种花被介绍，在句中作谓语用被动语态，根据时间状语the Tang Dynasty,可知用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was introduced。
2. as.考查介词。句意：这就是为什么九月被叫做菊花月的原因，表示作为，故填as。
3. poets.考查名词。句中poet是可数名词，此处泛指古往今来的诗人们，用复数形式。故填poets。
4. were.考查主谓一致。根据时间状语long before，可知此处用过去时，与主语Chinese people保持一致用复数，故填were。
5. the.考查冠词。此处是特指Double Ninth Day用定冠词，表示重阳节之后，故填the。
6. to get.考查动词不定式。此处是不定式表目的，指人们把菊花贴在门窗上是为了摆脱坏运气，故填to get。
7. which.考查定语从句。句中包含非限制性定语从句，用which引导指代前面句子，故填which。
8. wearing.考查动词形式。句中介词of后用动词的-ing形式作宾语，故填wearing。
9. happiness.考查名词。与and前的名词health并列也用名词，指健康和幸福，故填happiness
10. lively.考查形容词。此处是形容词作表语，指这种展览有大量的游客是生气勃勃的，故填lively。
7. （江西省临川二中新余四中2018届高三1月联考）Did you grow up in one culture, your parents came from another, and you are now living in a ___1___ (total)different country? If so, then you are a third-culture kid.
The term “third—culture kid” ___2___ (use)in the 1960s for the first time by Dr. Ruth. She first came across this phenomenon while ___3___ (research)North American children living in India. In general, third-culture kids benefit from ___4___ (they)intercultural experience and they often reach excellent academic results.
Yet many ___5___ (difficulty)may arise from this phenomenon. Third-culture kids may not be able to adapt themselves completely ___6___ their new surroundings. Also, they often find it hard ___7___ (develop)new friendship. Additionally, for a third-culture kid, it is often easier to move to a new country ___8___ to return to his homeland. For example, after living in Australia for many years, Louis finally returned to the country ___9___ she was born. She didn’t know anything about current TV shows ___10___ fashion trends . And she didn’t share the same values as other teens of her age.
【答案】
1. totally 2. was used 3. researching 4. their 5. difficulties
6. to 7. to develop 8. than 9. where 10. or
【解析】这篇文章主要讲了“第三文化的孩子们” 这个术语的出现背景以及“第三文化的孩子们”的学习及心理现状。
1. 考查副词。修饰形容词different，用副词，所以填totally。
2. 考查时态和语态。表示发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；The term“ third—culture kid”与use之间是被动关系，用被动语态，综上所述，应该使用一般过去时的被动语态，所以填was used。
3. 考查非谓语动词。research与其逻辑主语She之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，填researching。
4. 考查代词。一般而言，“第三文化的孩子们” 受益于他们的不同文化体验。表示“他们的”，所以填their。
5. 考查名词单复数。many修饰可数名词的复数形式，所以填difficulties。
6. 考查固定短语。“第三文化的孩子们” 可能不能让他们自己完全适用于他们新的环境。adapt oneself to使自己适应，是固定短语，所以填to。
7. 考查不定式。这里it是形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语，所以填to develop。
8. 考查语义理解。此外，对于一个“第三文化的孩子”来说，搬到一个其他国家比回到他们的祖国更容易。这里表示比较，所以填than。
9. 考查定语从句。___9___ she was born．是一个定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。
10. 考查连词。她不知道任何关于当前的电视节目或者流行趋势。表示“或者”，所以填or。
8. （山东省枣庄市三中2018届高三一调）I’ve not been around here much recently as I __1___ (be) busy with courses for these last few months. One of the courses we host is a Perma-culture Design Course, and I want to tell you about the “Kindness Angel”___2___ has been introduced into this year’s events.
On the wall of the classroom are taped ___3___ (envelope), and each has on it the name of someone on site. Those names ___4___ (write) on slips of paper and one is slipped into each envelope __5___ random. When you go to “your” envelope, this slip of paper is the name of the person that you are going to act as “Kindness Angel” for the whole period of time of the event. Of course, people are away from home and, have limited resources ___6___ (create) large or flashy kindnesses, so they’re being inventive. It is ___7___ (enjoy) to see people sneaking away other people’s dishes to wash,___8___ (leave) kind notes, and paying forward treats from the tuck shop (小卖部). And as people have kindness on their minds, they’re not just providing little kindnesses for their own person,___9___ for everyone. It’s lovely to see.
Following the last course I gave my younger son “his” envelope as it was stuffed full of little notes. Someone had drawn him a little Lego character; someone else had given him a beautiful snail’s shell that they had found. He has kept ___10___ all.
【答案】
1. have been 2. which/that 3. envelopes 4. are written 5. at
6. to create 7. enjoyable 8. leaving 9. but 10. them
【解析】
1. 根据时间状语for these last few months可知句子用现在完成时态，句子主语是I，故答案为have been。
2. 此处the “Kindness Angel”做先行词，在后面的定语从句中作主语，指物，故答案为which/that。
3. 此句是倒装句，根据谓语动词are可知主语是名词复数形式，答案为envelopes。
4. 句意：那些名字写在纸片上。根据前后联系可知句子用一般现在时态，主语和谓语动词write之间是被动关系，所以是一般现在时态的被动语态，主语是Those names，故答案为are written。
5. 固定词组：at random随意地，故答案为at。
6. 此处是动词不定式做后置定语，故答案为to create。
7. be动词后面用形容词做表语，故答案为enjoyable。
8. 此处是3个并列的现在分词做宾语补足语，故答案为leaving。
9. 句意：他们不只是为自己的人提供点帮助，而且为每个人。not only…but also…不但……而且……
10. 句意：他已经把它们都留下了。故答案为them。
9.（云南省曲靖一中2018届高三质量检测五）Beijing opera or Peking opera is a form of Chinese opera __1___( combine ) music, vocal performances, dance and so on. It ___2___ (arise) in the late 18th century and became ___3___ (full) developed and recognized by the mid-19th century. The form was extremely popular in __4___ Qing Dynasty court and has come to be regarded as one of the ___5___ (culture) treasures of China. Major performance troupes (剧团，戏班子）are based in Beijing and Tianjin in the north, and Shanghai in the south. Also ___6___ (preserve) in Taiwan, the art form is still of great importance to people there.
___7___ (perform) of Peking opera use the skills of speech, song, dance, and combat in movements that are symbolic and suggestive. Above all else, the skill of performers ___8___ (evaluate) according to the beauty of their movements. The music of Beijing opera can be divided ___9___ the Xipi and Erhuang styles. The repertoire (全部曲目）of Beijing opera includes over 1,400 works, ___10___ characters are based on Chinese history, folklore, and, increasingly, contemporary life.
【答案】
1. combining 2. arose 3. fully 4. the 5. cultural
6. preserved 7. Performers 8. is evaluated 9. into 10. whose/where
【解析】
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：京剧，是一种结合了音乐、有声表演、哑剧表演、舞蹈、杂技多种表演形式的中国戏剧。根据谓语动词is以及前后没有连词，可以判断第二次出现的动词用非谓语形式。京剧和结合是主动关系，故填combining。
2. 考查动词时态。句意：它出现于18世纪后期，在19世纪中期得到了充分的发展和认同，根据时间判断用一般过去时。故填arose。
3. 考查副词。句意：它出现于18世纪后期，在19世纪中期得到了充分的发展和认同，副词修饰动词。故填fully。
4. 考查冠词。句意：这种形式的表演在清代宫廷里非常受欢迎，而且渐渐地开始被认为是一种中华文化瑰宝，朝代是专有名词，它前面要用定冠词表示特指。故填the。
5. 考查形容词。句意：这种形式的表演渐渐地开始被认为是一种中华文化瑰宝。形容词修饰名词。故填cultural。
6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：京剧在台湾被保留，台湾人非常重视这种艺术形式，根据逗号得知动词用非谓语形式，前后主语一致，艺术形式和保留是被动关系，故填preserved。
7. 考查名词。句意：京剧表演人们在表演中使用的说、唱、舞蹈、杂技，是非常有象征性、暗示性的，根据use得知主语要用复数名词，故填Performers。
8. 考查动词时态语态。句意：最重要的是，京剧表演人的表演技巧是依靠表演身段来评判的，主语“技巧”和谓语“评判”是被动关系。故填is evaluated。
9. 考查介词。句意：京剧的两个主要曲调是西皮和二黄，根据短语divide…into，得知“被分为”be divided into，故填into。
10. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：京剧传统剧目多达1400个，其中的角色是基于中国历史、民俗越来越多的是来源于当代生活，先行词是works作品，在定语从句中做character的定语，也可以理解为抽象的地点。故填whose/where。
11.The Common Wealth is a group of 54 countries. The member _1___ (state) all use English as a common working language and have similar legal and education systems, but represent nearly every religion, race and political system ___2___ the planet.
The Common Wealth is active in a huge number of areas such as health and economics. _3___ heads of government meeting ___4___ (hold) every two years where the leaders of the member states get together ___5___ (discuss) current issues.
Common Wealth Day happens in the second week of March every year when Common Wealth’s citizens, ___6___ (particular) children, have a chance to celebrate their friendship. The Common Wealth also holds sporting and arts events. ___7___ is also an annual writer’s prize and a yearly arts and crafts ___8___ (compete).
Perhaps the most well-known event ___9___ (sponsor) by the organization is the Common Wealth games, ___10___ is held every four years in one of the member countries. The games have gained another name —the friendly games because of their reputation for good-natured competitiveness.
【答案】
1. states 2. on 3. The 4. is held 5. to discuss
6. particularly 7. There 8. competition 9. sponsored 10. which
【解析】
1. 此处state的意思是“国家”，根据all可知用复数形式，故答案为states。
2. 固定用法：on the planet在星球上，故答案为on。
3. 句意：政府首脑会议每两年举行一次。此处表示特指，故答案为The。注意大写开头。
4. hold举行，根据句意可知用一般现在时态的被动语态，故答案为is held。
5. 句意：成员国的领导聚在一起讨论当前国际大事。此处是动词不定式做目的状语，故答案为to discuss。
6. 句意：---，尤其是孩子们有机会庆祝他们的友谊。根据句意可知用副词，故答案为particularly。
7. 句意：还有一个年度作家奖和一个每年的工艺品比赛。根据句意可知此处是一个there be句型，所以答案为There。
8. 句意：还有一个年度作家奖和一个每年的工艺品比赛。可知答案为competition。
9. 句意：被赞助的活动。此处是过去分词做后置定语，故答案为sponsored。
10. 此空前是“，”，说明它不是并列句；后半句有谓语动词，说明它不是非谓语动词；另外句子缺少主语，所以应该是一个非限制性定语从句，the Common Wealth games是先行词，指物，故答案为which。
12.（四川省绵阳市南山中学2018届高三二诊）As the plane circled over the airport, everyone sensed that something was wrong. The plane was moving___1___(steady) through the air, and although the passengers___2___(fasten) their seat belts, they were suddenly thrown forward. At that moment, the air-hostess presented. She looked very pale,___3___was quite calm. Speaking quickly and almost in a whisper, she informed everyone that__4___pilot had fainted and asked if any of the passengers knew anything about machines. After a moment's__5___(hesitate), a man got up and followed the hostess into the pilot's cabin. Moving the pilot aside, the man took his seat and listened carefully to the urgent instructions that___6___(send) by radio from the airport below. To everyone's relief, the plane,_7___was dangerously close to the ground at the moment, soon began to climb. The man had to circle the airport several times to become familiar___8___the controls of the plane. The critical moment came when he had to land. The man,___9___(follow) the instructions, guided the plane toward the airfield, and it___10___(land) safely after a long run along the runway.
【答案】1. unsteadily 2. had fastened 3. but 4. the 5. hesitation
6. were being sent 7. which 8. with 9. following 10. landed
【解析】1. unsteadily　考查上下文串联以及词性转换。根据前句everyone sensed that something was wrong每个人都感觉到出事了。所以飞机在空中不稳定地飞行，所以使用否定意义的副词unsteadily“不稳定地”。
2. had fastened　考查动词的时态。句意：飞机在空中不稳定地飞行，尽管乘客们先前已经系好了安全带，但是他们还是被突然向前抛去。可知乘客们系好安全带是在他们被向前抛之前，所以使用过去完成时。
3. but考查连词。句意：就在那时，空姐出现了。她看上去脸色苍白，但是很镇定。根据句意可知上下文之间是转折关系，所以使用连词but表示转折。
4. the句意：她告诉每位乘客飞行员已经不省人世，乘客中是否有谁了解机械方面的知识的。此处特指这架飞机上的“飞行员”，是特指，故答案为the。
5. hesitation句意：片刻犹豫之后，---。根据句意可知此处用名词形式，故答案为hesitation。
6. were being sent考查动词的时态和语态。本题定语从句的先行词是the urgent instructions，关系代词that指代先行词在句中做主语，与动词send构成被动关系，所以使用过去进行时的被动语态，指地面塔台发送的紧急指示命令。答案为were being sent。
7. which　考查定语从句。本句中关系代词which指代先行词the plane在句中作主语，引导定语从句。句意：让大家欣慰的是，那时非常危险地靠近地面的飞机不久就开始爬升。
8. with 考查固定短语。短语：be familiar with对……熟悉。句意：为了熟悉对飞机的控制，那个男士不得不让飞机在空中盘旋了几次。故答案为with。
9. following考查非谓语动词。本句中动词follow与句子主语the man(也是follow的逻辑主语之间构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词短语在句中作伴随状语。句意：那个男士按照地面塔台发送的指令引导飞机向机场飞去，飞机沿着跑道滑行了很长一段距离后安全降落了。故答案为following。
10. landed 句意：在跑道上过了很长时间之后安全着陆。根据句意可知用一般过去时态，故答案为landed。