专题二十三 任务型阅读理解（解析版+原卷版）

专题二十三 任务型阅读理解（七选五）
（原卷版）

七选五阅读理解的题目常常出现在以下几点：一是描述性结构，主要介绍事物、问题或倾向的特点，因此时间、地点常是出题重点（记叙文）；二是释意性结果，解释某一理论、学科、事物，主要用比喻、类比阐述（说明文）；三是比较性结构，把两个人或事物的功能、特点、优缺点进行对比（议论文）；四是原因性结构，主要分析事物的成因，有客观的、主观的，也有直接的、间接的（说明文）；五是驳斥性结构，主要是先介绍一种观点，然后对其评论或驳斥，再分析其优缺点、危害性，最后阐明自己的观点（议论文）。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Color is fundamental in home design——something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?____1____, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.____2____, they can get a little complex。But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
____3____. They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms。Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa ,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable。
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves ____4____. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors。Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.____5____.
A. While all of them are useful
B. Whatever you’re looking for
C. If you’re experimenting with a color
D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with
E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. G 5. F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了室内设计中颜色的选择问题。
1. 1题以逗号结尾，后面另起一个简单句，可以从句子结构排除D,E,F,G项。根据前文的三个问句可知，此处是从中选择一种。故答案选B（不管你寻找哪一种）。
2. 前文：在过去的许多年里，有许多技术帮助设计者实现这一要点；下文：它们有点复杂。所以A（然而他们都很有用）承上启下。符合题意。
3.本空是一个主题句，总说选择小颜色是我们很熟悉的方法。后文分说小颜色的具体用途。故答案选D。
4.根据前文“中型颜色选择通常是指一些例如沙发、餐桌或书架等家具的颜色选择”接着表明这种范围的颜色选择是对小型颜色选择在两种方式上的进一步提示，故答案选G。
5.前文你所付诸的时间、精力和相关的费用是巨大的。后文F那可定是值得的，因为你想第一次把他弄好。故答案选F。
【考例2】（2018·全国II）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. ___1___ Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.___2___
Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. ___3___ If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
___4___ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
___5___ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.
A. You will stick to your diet.
B. Your quality of sleep improves.
C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!
【答案】1. G 2. E 3. F 4. B 5. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。列举了早晨锻炼对人体的四条好处，号召人们早点起床，进行身体锻炼。
1.根据空前的内容“生活忙碌没有时间锻炼”和空后的内容“晨练除了身体健康之外，还能带来其他好处”，下文接着列举了晨练的其他好处。由此可知，此处缺一个承上启下句。G项中then listen up！（那么仔细听！）很好的起到了承上启下的作用。故答案选G。
2. 根据上一句Exercising makes you more awake（锻炼能让你更清醒），E项（你可以在运动后保持头脑清醒4-10个小时。）是对上一句的进一步解释。故答案选E。
3. 空前句子是本段的主题句，晨练是新陈代谢的开始，空后句子说如果晨练，则你会得到卡路里一整天都在燃烧的益处，F项（锻炼之后，你一整天都在燃烧卡路里。）是空后句子的根据，空后句子是对F项的进一步延伸。故答案选F。
4. 此处缺一个主题句。空后句子解释了早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。B项（你的睡眠质量提高了。）是对后面内容的总述。故答案选B。
5. 根据空后句子“If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.（如果你在早晨锻炼身体，你将更有可能坚持健康的食物选择。）”，A项(你将坚持你的饮食。)符合本段内容，是主题句，起到统领下文的作用。故答案选A。
【考例3】（2018·全国III）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow ,life and death, and everything else in between.
___1___We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time.
“I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can't imagine doing anything else with my life." Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. "Teaching dance is wonderful. ____2____It's great to watch them. For many of them, it's a way of meeting people and having a social life."
___3___"I can tell you about one young couple," says Bridges. “They're learning to do traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. _____4_____”
So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says,“Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better.____5____ I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I'm alive."
A. So why do we dance?
B. Dance in the U.S.is everywhere.
C. If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.
D. My older students say it makes them feel young.
E. I keep practicing even When I'm extremely tired.
F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.
G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. F 5. E
【解析】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了跳舞的好处。
1.根据后文We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time.可知，这里说在美国到处有人跳舞，从佛罗里达州到阿拉斯加，从北到南等，故答案选B。
2. 根据前文舞蹈课为各个年龄阶段的人架起了桥梁，教跳舞是非常好的，再根据后句it’s great to watch them，根据人称可知是在谈论他们，所以D和F符合，再根据本段最后一句可知，此段主要介绍了跳舞对他们的好处，故答案选D。
3. 根据第四段后句，是通过举例介绍人们跳舞的原因，故答案选A。
4. 根据前句they arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile, 所以他们的心情彻底改变，故答案选F。
5. 根据文章前后句可知，此处人称为第一人称，所以E符合语境，作者结合自己的跳舞经历介绍了跳舞给自己带来的好处。
【考例4】（2018·浙江卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood the easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. _____31_____
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair. ____32____ By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.
Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously,. When going for a walk. Take a small garbage bag. _____33_____ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.
______34______ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping。 Let them know you are there to help in any way this acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
______35______ By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciate.
A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.
E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
F. People tend to lake pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly
【答案】31. G 32. F 33. E 34. B 35. C
【解析】怎样成为一个邻居都喜欢的人，作者给了几点建议。
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段将如果你想成为邻居中一个可以接受和有价值的部分，最简单的方法就是确保你的行为举止像一个好邻居。下文是具体做法，G项：这里有一些技巧，可以帮助你迅速赢得邻居的信赖。承上启下，故答案选G。
32. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段介绍和邻居关系融洽最重要的是保持干净整洁的户内户外环境，F项中keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. 保持街上的一切新鲜和诱人，与本段意思一致，故答案选F。
33. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要建议要重视社区的整体面貌，出门拿上一个垃圾袋，E项：遇到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来。与上句连接，是拿垃圾袋的作用。故答案选E。
34. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段是建议用邻居可以接受的方式帮助他们，同时尊重邻居的隐私。B项：好邻居就是喜欢在小的方面帮助别人的人，符合本段内容，故答案选B。
35. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。最后一段是总结，只要我们考虑周到，尊重他人，照顾好属于自己的东西，为周围的人感到自豪，很快就会成为一个大家都喜欢的好邻居。C项中considerate behavior是下文内容的概括，故答案选C。
【考例5】（2018·北京卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why Do We Get Angry?
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. 51
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more. ____52____ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.
Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. 53 Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.
54 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.
55 However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.
A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.
B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.
C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.
D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.
E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.
F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.
G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.
【答案】1.F 2. G 3. E 4.A 5.D
【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章按照总-分-总的结构讲述了人愤怒的三个原因——触发事件、个人特征和对环境的评估。希望通过了解这三个原因，我们能更好地控制自己的情绪。
1. 本句作为第一段中的最后一句话，显然应该是总括性的句子。F选项中对于了解这些原因对我们控制情绪的好处恰好符合这一特征，故答案选F。
2.根据下一句中的“The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.
”可知，前文中提到了每个人的触发事件都各自不相同，G选项中“Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.”恰好提到了这一点，符合语境。故答案选G。
3. 根据后文“Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred”可知，前一句也提到了pre-anger这一状态，E选项中“pre-anger state”恰好符合。除此之外，上一句中的“personality traits”在此句中也出现了。故答案选E。
4. 本文为总-分-总结构，按照第一段的顺序，此段应该讲assessment of situations，故答案选A。
5. 根据后文“However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence.”可知，前面一句应该是说生气有其存在的合理性。故答案选D。
【方法探究】阅读理解七选五解题步骤：步骤一：快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。步骤五：区分相似项。骤六：用代入法，检查答案是否合理。
★知识链接★
1）不同的文章有不同的结构形式，确定文章体裁有利于我们确定各段之间的关系。一般说来，记叙文的语言是按时间发展顺序或因果关系排列的，常用的连接词有：then, later, after that, soon, after a while, in the end, so, as a result, because of that等。说明文常采用总-分-总的结构形式，第一段说明要说明的主题，下面几段多是从不同的角度来说明问题，最后总结，所以各段之间多是平行关系，经常出现举例说明的现象。议论文先抛出议题，然后从正反两个方面进行讨论，最后得出结论。新闻体裁的应用文首句为主题句，下面展开细节性的报道。
2）确定文章体裁有利于预测文章各段主要内容和结构形式，形成重要的选择依据。
3）分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，说明文和议论文这样体裁的文章，每段的第一句多是主题句。找到主题句有助于帮助确定选择的范围，即所选句子必须和该段主题一致。另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次。
4）文章的行文需要通过一定的衔接手段来实现。文章的衔接手段有：重复式用某一词语或子范畴的词语，使用同义语表达，用总称指代具体事物或用具体事物指代整体，使用代词避免重复等。上述方法有助于段落的思路平稳在句子之间过渡。连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语融为一体。段落一致与句子衔接是文章连贯的两个必要因素。
1.（湖北省襄阳市2018届高三1月调研统一测试）The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot. ___1___。
The origin of the Eastern culture is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers---the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India。 ___2___
When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was brought up on the Mesopotamian Plain ---the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Rome.___3___ Like the Chinese culture, the European culture also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America, their culture went with them over the Atlanta Ocean. So the American culture doesn’t distinguish from the European culture a lot.
At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences. Take the language system for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other causes like human race differences count as well. But what s more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the West, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries. ___4___
The differences are everywhere. ___5___ But different cultures make the world of 21st century more colorful. The cultural gap should not be the obstacle to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the motivation of our going farther.
A. Let us work together to keep a variety of cultures.
B. And these two are well - known as the base of the European culture.
C. One important thing is to learn about other cultures.
D. This is because the culture systems are two separate systems on the whole.
E. They are obvious and affect people's ways of thinking and their views of the world.
F. They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles.
G. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference from the other.

2.（辽宁省鞍山一中2018届高三一模）When we choose to worry over what we don't possess,we actually stand at a risk of losing whatever we already have.___1___Therefore,there is no way we can succeed in life unless our mind is first happy and satisfied and then yearns for more.Here are some ways to help you to be more grateful.
Choose to be grateful. Well, whether to complain about what you don't have or to be thankful for what you have is a conscious choice you make yourself. Treasure what you have and strive for what you need next. Some are always worrying over what they don't have or can't achieve in the present.___2___
Look around you. When in fear or frustration, look around yourself for examples of patience and gratitude.___3___ Observe how trees stand tall and brave the fury of storms, rains and the ever-changing seasons.
___4___Once you have the mindset to be first thankful for the life you have, you will find hundreds of ways to do that. As you live your normal daily routine,you will find a number of hidden opportunities to be thankful for the bounties you have.
Think positive to achieve positive.___5___Have you ever noticed that if you keep telling yourself that the present tough times shall pass and you are happy with what you have, you actually get the courage to deal with the crisis? The human mind is a powerful machine. To flunk positive and steer the course of actions that way is a power that lies absolutely within!
A. Your thoughts can shape your life.
B. Look for hidden ways to be thankful.
C. Think about why you should be grateful.
D. After all, it is our mind that rules our body.
E. Helping others is just one of such examples!
F. Learn to observe how birds are grateful to nature for their food.
G . Actually, it is merely a way to waste the precious present moments.

3.(重庆市重点中学九校联盟2018届高三第一次联考)Reading for pleasure is an alien concept especially between your to-do list, your deadlines, and your complete lack of “your time”. ____1____ However, tons of super successful people find time in their schedules to read. After spending hours and hours trying different strategies, I’m excited to share the tricks that have helped me make reading for pleasure reality.
Combine it with an existing, enjoyable habit.
Writer James Clear introduced me to the concept of “habit stacking（叠放）” ___2____ According to Clear, “the quickest way to build a new habit into your life is to stack it on top of a current habit.”
Since I’ve always loved breakfast, I decided to “stack” the new habit of reading for 30 minutes on top of my existing one of going to cafes and eating fried eggs.
___3___
At the beginning of each month, my friend and I share our reading lists and make sure to help each other to finish them. After posting my first reading list with an image and “mentioning” a few authors, one of them started following my account and another asked me to share my thoughts on his book. ___4___
Only allow yourself to buy a new book for every book you’ve finished.
Although I never read much until recently, I did have the bad habit of buying books—books that would only collect dust on my shelves. I’ll assume that I'm not the only one with this problem. ____5____ No matter how eager you are to purchase the new release that appeared in your local bookstore or on the homepage of your Amazon account, don’t—not unless you’ve recently finished a book from your reading list. It’s that simple.
A. Share your monthly reading goals with a friend.
B. Picking up a book and reading for fun feels impossible.
C. Be responsible to your friends and the Internet strangers
D. Thanks to this strategy, I got my bookish lifestyle started.
E. So I propose a solution that will help you both read more and save money.
F. Being addicted to social media sure keeps you from achieving your reading goal.
G. Posting your list online to build connections with writers you admire will always make a difference.

4.（广东省化州市2018届高三二模）When we think of holidays, we think of traveling, beaches, fun, and adventure. ___1___. Smartphones have taken the world by storm, influencing the manner we interact with each other. Does this sound like you? If so, it sounds like you need a digital detox (数码产品戒毒期).
___2___. Whether you are a businessman or a student, everyone needs some time away from technology.
Having a tech-free holiday is becoming increasingly popular especially among families. The reason is obvious. ___3___. While it may seem that sending a quick text message or uploading a photo to WeChat doesn’t take so much time, these things eventually add up without us even knowing it.
Whether to give yourself a digital detox is a difficult decision to make. ___4___. To help you along, it is probably a good idea to choose a remote area, somewhere close to nature, where you can truly immerse (沉浸其中) yourself.
Taking a tech-free holiday would be a good time to pick up something new, or return to hobbies which you never had time for. ___5___. If you’re going with friends or family, perhaps bring along some board games to spend time rekindling (重新点燃) tired relationships.
In today’s fast paced world, it’s important to find time to stop and smell the roses --- without taking a selfie at the same time, that is.
A. You could sketch (描述) the view of the coast, or take photos with your old film camera.
B. One of the best things about a digital detox is the fact that anyone can do it.
C. But the reality is, we spend most of our holidays on our personal digital products.
D. Nothing in this world can compare a holiday like this.
E. However, it may be just the thing you need to cleanse (清洗) your mind, body, and soul.
F. It enables them to spend quality time with together without being distracted by social media.
G People tend to keep connected with smartphones and never feel bored with them.

5. （安徽省蒙城一中等2018届高三五校联考）Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. According to the well-known saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness, ___1___ Talking to ourselves, whether out loud or silently in our heads, is a valuable tool for thought.
Far from being mentally ill, self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities, regulate our emotions and even create a description of our experience.___2___
As children, according to the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky, we use private speech to regulate our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others.___3___ Psychological experiments have shown that the private speech can improve our performance on tasks ranging from judging what other people are thinking to sorting images into categories. One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we address ourselves in the second person, as “you” rather than “I”.
___4___ If you want proof, turn on the sports channel. You’re certain to see an athlete or two cheering themselves up with a bitter phrase or scolding themselves after a bad shot.
Conduct a dialogue with ourselves.__5___ The private speech seems to be a particularly good way of solving problems and working through ideas. The to-and-fro between different points of view means our thoughts can end up in expected places, just like a regular dialogue can, and might turn out to be one of the keys lo human creativity.
A. What is private speech?
B. Bui there is no need for embarrassment.
C. Psychologists refer to this as private speech.
D. Ask questions of the self and provide answers.
E. We do a lot of private speech when we are young.
F. As we grow older, we make the private speech become the way of blinking,
G. Although the private speech is effective, we never entirely put away the out-loud speech.

6.（辽宁省鞍山市第一中学2018届高三二模）Nowadays, people tend to take a selfie（自拍）wherever they are. However, not all of them can take a perfect selfie. ___1___So I am going to give you some tips on how to get a perfect one.
Use Several Devices. Before you can even think about uploading a selfie on your social networking site, you need to decide which device to use in the first place. Although there are many devices you can use to take a selfie, the best one is a smart phone with a front and back camera. However, it doesn’t mean that your other devices can’t come in handy. ___2___In the end, all that matters is how well you practice and how to get the right shots.
Catch Good Lighting and Background. To capture a classic selfie, you have to pay close attention to the lighting and background. If you’re taking a selfie indoors, you are supposed to face a window or door where natural light is shining right on your face. This really brightens up the picture.__3___.
Aim for Unconventional Shots. For a refreshing twist, try taking a selfie with your pet.__4___One great thing about selfie is that you don’t need to wait for the right time or place. You can instantly reach out for your camera, strike a pose, and get a rocking selfie.
___5___Relax, enjoy and click ---these are the three basic rules you need to follow. A selfie is not an activity where you need to follow some guidelines or set rules.
A. Try to avoid the serious face.
B. Pretend to be very happy all the time.
C. Taking a selfie needs practice and skills.
D. You remember to show your best smiles there.
E. For an outdoor selfie, face the sun to make it work.
F. You just have to understand how each of them works.
G. It’s interesting to see what king of expression it will give.

7.（山东师范大学附中2018届高三第五次模拟）
How to Build Healthy Interpersonal Relationship
Human beings are social creatures and thrive(茁壮成长) in relationships with others. A healthy part to be a well-rounded, happy individual is engaging in healthy relationships with others. These friendships can provide safe environments in which individuals can thrive and help promote general well-being. ___1___.
Know your worth.
One of the first steps in building healthy interpersonal relationships is understanding one’s value. When an individual is aware of and treasures what he or she has, the building of relationships can be founded on that knowledge. ___2___. Everyone has talents. When this worth is discovered, a person can then make use of these skills in approaching interpersonal relationships. If someone is a good listener, showing how to develop this skill can attract relationships with individuals who have a need for this talent.
Recognize the value of others.
___3___ In a healthy interpersonal relationships, both parties should be respected and feel as if they are valued in the friendship. When contributions to the relationship become one-sided, the relationship will move from healthy to unhealthy.
___4___
Another way to build healthy relationships is to make friends with someone who shares the same value systems and lifestyles. Knowing that a friend will not request something from an individual will help to foster trust in the relationship. ___5___The relationship can grow on this familiarity. Trust can also develop from these similarities and go a long way in fostering a healthy friendship.
A. Be true to yourself.
B. Everyone has worth.
C. Seek out individuals with similar value systems.
D. Here are some tips to build healthy interpersonal relationships.
E. Also, having the same lifestyle can provide a link of familiarity.
F. A healthy interpersonal relationship cannot be built on dishonesty.
G. Along with understanding one's worth is recognizing and understanding the worth of others.

8. Master Your Deadlines
（山东省枣庄市三中2018届高三一调）The struggle begins in high school, sometimes earlier. Deadlines, and lots of them, start to pile up. At college, the pressure sometimes leads to last-minute rush and unsatisfactory work. At work, failing to meet deadlines can easily get you bored. ___1___ Here are a few best practices.
? Assign deadlines to what matters.
If the task isn’t of high importance, don’t set a specific deadline. In this way, you are able to keep it on your radar for a while without feeling pressured.__2___ This will provide just enough pressure to ensure you get it done.
? ___3___
Set a personal deadline for yourself a day or two before the actual deadline.__4___ If you’re working with a group of people, add in even more time to account for potential follow-ups and the need for approvals.
? Keep communicating.
___5___ This means letting others know when something is taking longer than expected, when a delivery didn’t come in, when a client is not providing the necessary information, etc. Although it may feel embarrassing to admit that something is not on schedule, being honest is much better for relieving your stress.
A. Plan for flexible hours.
B. Finish your project as early as possible.
C. But if an activity is urgent, set a deadline immediately.
D. In this way, you’ll never have to stay up late and feel stressed.
E. But handled properly, deadlines can actually improve productivity.
F. Whenever you feel challenged to finish work on time, communicate.
G. So if anything takes longer than expected, you can still wrap it up and submit it on time.

9.（广东佛山市2018届高三第一次教学质量检测）Many of us are hardwired NOT to ask for help. We think it makes us appear weak. We think people will say no. we think we have to do everything ourselves.___1___. We have to get over that, and there’s how:
Get over yourself
No one—and I mean NO ONE----got anywhere alone. You cannot and should not do everything yourself. You are not, in fact, always the best person for the job, or the “only” person who can do it. Asking for help is a sign of strength, not weakness. Asking for help clears space for you and frees your time and energy. ___2___.
Rebuild your thinking
Rebuild what it means to ask for help from “I am a weak, incompetent loser” to “I am strategically allocating my time to focus on what matters most.” Don’t focus on the fact that you can’t do something or don’t have the time. ___3___. It’s a chance to connect, a chance to value a colleague, a chance to get something done faster or better, a chance to optimize your own time and talents.
4___
Asking for help is about tapping valuable resources to get the best outcome the most quickly with the fewest resources expended. That’s a fancy way of saying “get the right people for the job.” __5___. And the best way to do that is to know your colleagues, and proactively build relationships.
A. Know your colleagues.
B. Think about your colleagues.
C. Your energy can’t be wasted.
D. It’s a smart strategy.
E. It’s all about building the right team.
F. Instead, think about what you will gain from the ask.
G. Whatever the reason, we don’t ask for the help we need.

10. （北京市精华学校2018年高三考前测试）The Value of Tears
Tears can ruin make-up, bring conversation to a stop, and give you a runny nose. Tears leave you embarrassed and without energy. Still, crying is a fact of life, and your tears are very useful. Even when you’re not crying, they make a film over the eye’s surface. ___1___
When tears fall, they reduce stress. But we tend to fight them for all sorts of reasons. “People worry about showing their emotions (情绪), afraid that once they lose control they’ll never get it back.”___2___ After we cry, the feelings that caused the tears often disappear.
Sometimes people become much stressed and can’t cry. Whatever emotion they are feeling — shock, anger, fear, or sadness— is being held back.
But everyone has the need to cry. Psychologist Vera Diamond explains that her treatment often consists of giving people permission to cry.___3___ Patients practice crying just to become used to expressing emotions. She suggests safe, private places to cry, like under the bedcovers or in the car. Crying is a way of ease tension, but people don’t like it when others cry because it makes them tense.___4___ And they’ll do just about anything to make you stop.
In certain situations, such as at work, tears are not appropriate. It’s good not to cry during a tense business discussion.___5___ You should also act out the whole situation again and be as noisy and angry as you like. It will help you feel better. “And,” she adds, “Once your tears have taken away the stress, you can begin to think calmly of ways to deal with the problem.”
Tears are a sign of our ability to feel. If you find yourself near someone crying, deal with it. And never be afraid to cry yourself.
A. They too may be holding back a need to cry.
B. They cry for different reasons.
C. She gives crying exercises.
D. It contains a chemical against infection (炎症).
E. The fact is no emotion lasts forever.
F. It forms in response to the stress on the surface of the eye.
G. But once you’re safely behind closed doors, don’t just cry.

11.（北京中国人民大学附属中学2018届高三考前热身）
Real-life Room Escape Games
Real-life room escape games are a type of physical adventure game in which people are locked in a room with other participants and have to use the things in the room to settle a series of puzzles, find clues, and escape the room within a set time limit.
The games are based on Escape the Room video games, such as Crimson Room and QP-Shot, created by TAKAGISM Inc. by Toshimitsu Takagi in 2005, in which the player is locked inside a room and must explore his or her surroundings in order to escape. ___51___ Other inspirations include adventure board games and movies. Real-life room escape games are becoming popular in the United States, Japan, and China.___52___ For example, some games require you to escape prison cells while others require you to escape space stations.
___53___ Soon, they were exported to North America, Asia and Australia. Examples include the two pioneer companies Hint Hunt and Adventure Rooms.
The games were so successful that new locations began opening up across China, in cities big and small, according to Want China Times. In the southern city of Shenzhen, for example, the first escape game location opened last August.___54___ “These real-life escape games can help those who stay at home on their computers and iPads all day to experience real social circles,” Tian Xiaochuan, who owns two room escape game stores in Jinan, told Want China Times.
Earlier this year, The South China Morning Post said the real-life escape games are a hit among “highly stressed students and overworked young professionals.”___55___ Some players get so involved that they tear down equipment or decorations inside their “prisons” as Zhu Yumeng, chief operating officer of Beijing room escape game store Taoquan told China Daily.
A. Each game adds local themes to settings.
B. And seven new game locations quickly followed.
C. They should also be brave enough to face their fears.
D. Sometimes the excitement becomes a bit much, though.
E. Weekend or day event escape games have been held in some stores.
F. Permanent real life escape games in a fixed location were first opened in Europe.
G. Players must be observant and use their critical thinking skills to escape the room.

12. （湖南师范大学附属中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考）Stephen Covey's book The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People is very popular among business people who want to improve their careers.___1___For example, Covey's principles can be used to improve relationships between parents and children or to improve the way you manage your time.
Covey begins by discussing habits and effectiveness, and why they are both important to success. According to Covey, for an action, such as listening to others, to become a habit, you must know what to do and why you should do it. However, you also must want to do. On the other hand, effectiveness means having a balance between success and a good relationship with the people around you.___2___However,if the company does not respect its workers, the profits will eventually decline.
__3___The first three habits focus on personal growth. The next three habits are about how to get along with others. The seventh habit shows how to achieve physical, emotional and mental health.
Covey includes exercises to help you analyse your life. He challenges you to identify what you want to contribute to society in your lifetime. He does this by asking you to think about what people to say about you after you die.___4___For example, if you want your children to say that you were always willing to spend time with them, then you will spend more time with them and less time at work.___5___
A. It has the potential to really improve your life.
B. In this way, you can challenge yourself to make your dreams and ambitions come true.
C. However, its principles can be applied to any area of life.
D. In order to be successful, you must have habits that make you able to deal effectively with others and your own personal life.
E. For example, a company might focus completely on making a profit.
F. Your answer to this question will help you make better decisions about how to spend your time.
G. Covey also introduces the seven habits of highly effective people.

13.（山西省实验中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考）
On Friday, the Ministry of Education, along with eight other central departments, published a document on preventing campus violence. The document stresses that if the perpetrators (作恶者) break the law they should be handed over to the police.
___1___ As early as May, it launched a campaign to deal with the issue.
___2___ Several cases have even aroused nationwide concern.
The root problem lies in some schools insisting on punishing the perpetrators with campus rules instead of calling the police, even though some incidents have already broken the law and the perpetrators should face legal punishments.__3___.
The schools do not want the perpetrators to go to court because it may harm their reputations so they prefer to forget the bad things”.___4___. The problem is, the more they try to hide it, the bigger their scandal (丑闻) is.
___5__ When the students who treat their schoolmates violently get extremely light punishments because of their young age, they might commit serious crimes in the future. Such cases should arouse our concern. It is time we solved the problem of campus violence with rules of law.
A. Yet campus violence is still quite wild.
B. The punishments of the schools are, of course, much lighter than legal punishments.
C. Schools must be aware of the consequences of bullying and violent incidents in schools
D. This is not the first time that the ministry has introduced measures aimed at stopping campus violence.
E. They think that by turning a blind eye to any wrongdoing that happens on campus, they can cheat everybody.
F. Worse, by trying to hide the scandal instead of solving it, the schools have actually encouraged campus violence.
G. Students with severe behavioral problems should be transferred to special schools suitable to their needs or receive criminal punishments.

14. （北京海淀区2017届高三5月二模）Facebook Is a Big Waster
During the first decade of the 21st century, a popular and new word has come into our vocabulary—Facebook. This is the most popular social networking website on the Internet.___1___You can send messages to your friend's electronic wall, put up a status saying something like "Going to the mall, I need to get a new pair of shoes" or "it's finally the weekend!:)".
In spite of the benefit it does on common people, it is true that this social network is a big waster. There are about 350 million active users on this website and 67% of them are between the ages of 13-25. More than 35 million users update their status every day.___2___
The highest age group who use Facebook are teenagers. Most of them keep the website running whenever they are using the computer, if they aren't in school or when they aren't asleep. Facebook is just changing the new generation of youngsters unconsciously. The teenage life is one of the most important stages of life. __ 3___It is a distraction to their mind as well. Nowadays, when all their homework and research are on ICT（信息技术）they would easily switch to Facebook just to check if there was anything updated among their friends.
Facebook is also where people can see the gossip among their friends, virtual arguments, relationship status and updates, who is in whose "top friends", you can become fan of anything, join groups, post pictures and videos, play childish games, invite friends to parties or events and a lot more. Generally, all these would just disturb people into living life to the fullest. It's not just teens who become addicted, even grown-ups do. An average person spends about 55 minutes on Facebook.___4___Technology might be taking over people's life. Furthermore, people who use Facebook through their mobile phones are 50% more active on Facebook than non-mobile phone users. This shows people using Facebook on their phones as well as computers just can't stand being away from the website. Facebook is like crack to some folk.
___5___This would make them think how life is like without saying what's on their mind to all their friends on the Internet. A break would also make them more active, like socializing in person. This would finally help them focus better in school or in work. Although about 80% of people who take a break would come back to Facebook within days.
A. And 2.5 billion photos are added each month.
B. Wasting it on Facebook is not encouraging in any way.
C. This statistic isn't that bad but some people spend about 3-5 hours.
D. It is time people should take a break from Facebook once in a while.
E. As a result, the average Facebook users have 130 friends who they share links with.
F. Usually, when people hear the words "social networking", their brains automatically go to sites such as Twitter or Facebook.
G. The main idea of Facebook is that you can keep in touch with all your friends around the world who have Facebook.

15. (2017·河北衡水中学五调)
Every living thing has genes. Genes carry information. 1 They make sure that humans give birth to humans and cows give birth to cows. They also make sure that a dog doesn’t give birth to a frog, or an elephant to a horse. However, genetic engineers take genes from one species—for example, a snake, and transfer them to another—for example, corn. 2 Such new life forms have been described, by some scientists as a real-life Frankenstein.
Genetic engineers put duck genes into chicken to make the chickens bigger. They put hormones(激素) into cows to make them produce more milk. They put genes from flowers into beans and from fish into tomatoes. 3 It just makes them easier and faster for the farmer to grow.
The effects of genetic engineering on the natural world may be disastrous. The engineers may create strange life beings, or monsters that we cannot control. 4 They’ll have to find one, fight for one—or kill for one. It may be your land they fight for—or you that they kill. Moreover, the effects of these experiments can often be cruel .In America, pigs were given human genes to make them bigger and less fatty. The experiment failed. The pigs became very ill and began to lose their eyesight.
We would all like a better, healthier and longer life, and genetic engineering might give us this. On the other hand, it may be a dangerous experiment with nature. In the story of Frankenstein, the doctor created such a terrible and dangerous monster that he had to destroy it. 5
A. The information tells us what to do or what not to do.
B. We must make sure that this tale remains a story—and no more than that.
C. This doesn’t make them cheaper, tastier, or healthier.
D. The new life forms have no natural habitat or home.
E. Then they feed the tomatoes to the fish.
F. In this way a new life form is created.
G. They are passed on from generation to generation.

专题二十三 任务型阅读理解（七选五）
（解析版）

七选五阅读理解的题目常常出现在以下几点：一是描述性结构，主要介绍事物、问题或倾向的特点，因此时间、地点常是出题重点（记叙文）；二是释意性结果，解释某一理论、学科、事物，主要用比喻、类比阐述（说明文）；三是比较性结构，把两个人或事物的功能、特点、优缺点进行对比（议论文）；四是原因性结构，主要分析事物的成因，有客观的、主观的，也有直接的、间接的（说明文）；五是驳斥性结构，主要是先介绍一种观点，然后对其评论或驳斥，再分析其优缺点、危害性，最后阐明自己的观点（议论文）。
【考例1】（2018·全国I）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Color is fundamental in home design——something you’ll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?____1____, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point.____2____, they can get a little complex。But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
____3____. They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms。Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa ,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable。
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves ____4____. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors。Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.____5____.
A. While all of them are useful
B. Whatever you’re looking for
C. If you’re experimenting with a color
D. Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with
E. It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. G 5. F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了室内设计中颜色的选择问题。
1. 1题以逗号结尾，后面另起一个简单句，可以从句子结构排除D,E,F,G项。根据前文的三个问句可知，此处是从中选择一种。故答案选B（不管你寻找哪一种）。
2. 前文：在过去的许多年里，有许多技术帮助设计者实现这一要点；下文：它们有点复杂。所以A（然而他们都很有用）承上启下。符合题意。
3.本空是一个主题句，总说选择小颜色是我们很熟悉的方法。后文分说小颜色的具体用途。故答案选D。
4.根据前文“中型颜色选择通常是指一些例如沙发、餐桌或书架等家具的颜色选择”接着表明这种范围的颜色选择是对小型颜色选择在两种方式上的进一步提示，故答案选G。
5.前文你所付诸的时间、精力和相关的费用是巨大的。后文F那可定是值得的，因为你想第一次把他弄好。故答案选F。
【考例2】（2018·全国II）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you are already making the time to exercise, it is good indeed! With such busy lives, it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. ___1___ Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
Your productivity is improved. Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.___2___
Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. ___3___ If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
___4___ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
___5___ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out, especially in the mornings. Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out! You will feel energized all day long.
A. You will stick to your diet.
B. Your quality of sleep improves.
C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D. There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.
F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!
【答案】1. G 2. E 3. F 4. B 5. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。列举了早晨锻炼对人体的四条好处，号召人们早点起床，进行身体锻炼。
1.根据空前的内容“生活忙碌没有时间锻炼”和空后的内容“晨练除了身体健康之外，还能带来其他好处”，下文接着列举了晨练的其他好处。由此可知，此处缺一个承上启下句。G项中then listen up！（那么仔细听！）很好的起到了承上启下的作用。故答案选G。
2. 根据上一句Exercising makes you more awake（锻炼能让你更清醒），E项（你可以在运动后保持头脑清醒4-10个小时。）是对上一句的进一步解释。故答案选E。
3. 空前句子是本段的主题句，晨练是新陈代谢的开始，空后句子说如果晨练，则你会得到卡路里一整天都在燃烧的益处，F项（锻炼之后，你一整天都在燃烧卡路里。）是空后句子的根据，空后句子是对F项的进一步延伸。故答案选F。
4. 此处缺一个主题句。空后句子解释了早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。B项（你的睡眠质量提高了。）是对后面内容的总述。故答案选B。
5. 根据空后句子“If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.（如果你在早晨锻炼身体，你将更有可能坚持健康的食物选择。）”，A项(你将坚持你的饮食。)符合本段内容，是主题句，起到统领下文的作用。故答案选A。
【考例3】（2018·全国III）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow ,life and death, and everything else in between.
___1___We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time.
“I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can't imagine doing anything else with my life." Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. "Teaching dance is wonderful. ____2____It's great to watch them. For many of them, it's a way of meeting people and having a social life."
___3___"I can tell you about one young couple," says Bridges. “They're learning to do traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. _____4_____”
So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says,“Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better.____5____ I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I'm alive."
A. So why do we dance?
B. Dance in the U.S.is everywhere.
C. If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.
D. My older students say it makes them feel young.
E. I keep practicing even When I'm extremely tired.
F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.
G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. F 5. E
【解析】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了跳舞的好处。
1.根据后文We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays , office parties and just to fill the time.可知，这里说在美国到处有人跳舞，从佛罗里达州到阿拉斯加，从北到南等，故答案选B。
2. 根据前文舞蹈课为各个年龄阶段的人架起了桥梁，教跳舞是非常好的，再根据后句it’s great to watch them，根据人称可知是在谈论他们，所以D和F符合，再根据本段最后一句可知，此段主要介绍了跳舞对他们的好处，故答案选D。
3. 根据第四段后句，是通过举例介绍人们跳舞的原因，故答案选A。
4. 根据前句they arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile, 所以他们的心情彻底改变，故答案选F。
5. 根据文章前后句可知，此处人称为第一人称，所以E符合语境，作者结合自己的跳舞经历介绍了跳舞给自己带来的好处。
【考例4】（2018·浙江卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an acceptable and valuable part of your neighborhood 。 the easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. _____31_____
Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair. ____32____ By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.
Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously,. When going for a walk. Take a small garbage bag. _____33_____ This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.
______34______ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping。 Let them know you are there to help in any way this acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.
______35______ By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciate.
A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.
B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.
C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.
D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.
E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.
F. People tend to lake pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.
G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly
【答案】31. G 32. F 33. E 34. B 35. C
【解析】怎样成为一个邻居都喜欢的人，作者给了几点建议。
考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段将如果你想成为邻居中一个可以接受和有价值的部分，最简单的方法就是确保你的行为举止像一个好邻居。下文是具体做法，G项：这里有一些技巧，可以帮助你迅速赢得邻居的信赖。承上启下，故答案选G。
32. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段介绍和邻居关系融洽最重要的是保持干净整洁的户内户外环境，F项中keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. 保持街上的一切新鲜和诱人，与本段意思一致，故答案选F。
33. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段主要建议要重视社区的整体面貌，出门拿上一个垃圾袋，E项：遇到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来。与上句连接，是拿垃圾袋的作用。故答案选E。
34. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段是建议用邻居可以接受的方式帮助他们，同时尊重邻居的隐私。B项：好邻居就是喜欢在小的方面帮助别人的人，符合本段内容，故答案选B。
35. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。最后一段是总结，只要我们考虑周到，尊重他人，照顾好属于自己的东西，为周围的人感到自豪，很快就会成为一个大家都喜欢的好邻居。C项中considerate behavior是下文内容的概括，故答案选C。
【考例5】（2018·北京卷）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Why Do We Get Angry?
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events, personality traits（特征）, and our assessment of situations. 51
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more. ____52____ The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.
Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. 53 Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.
54 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.
55 However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.
A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.
B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.
C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.
D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.
E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.
F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.
G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.
【答案】1.F 2. G 3. E 4.A 5.D
【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章按照总-分-总的结构讲述了人愤怒的三个原因——触发事件、个人特征和对环境的评估。希望通过了解这三个原因，我们能更好地控制自己的情绪。
1. 本句作为第一段中的最后一句话，显然应该是总括性的句子。F选项中对于了解这些原因对我们控制情绪的好处恰好符合这一特征，故答案选F。
2.根据下一句中的“The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.
”可知，前文中提到了每个人的触发事件都各自不相同，G选项中“Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.”恰好提到了这一点，符合语境。故答案选G。
3. 根据后文“Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred”可知，前一句也提到了pre-anger这一状态，E选项中“pre-anger state”恰好符合。除此之外，上一句中的“personality traits”在此句中也出现了。故答案选E。
4. 本文为总-分-总结构，按照第一段的顺序，此段应该讲assessment of situations，故答案选A。
5. 根据后文“However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence.”可知，前面一句应该是说生气有其存在的合理性。故答案选D。
【方法探究】阅读理解七选五解题步骤：步骤一：快速浏览一遍七个备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。步骤五：区分相似项。骤六：用代入法，检查答案是否合理。
★知识链接★
1）不同的文章有不同的结构形式，确定文章体裁有利于我们确定各段之间的关系。一般说来，记叙文的语言是按时间发展顺序或因果关系排列的，常用的连接词有：then, later, after that, soon, after a while, in the end, so, as a result, because of that等。说明文常采用总-分-总的结构形式，第一段说明要说明的主题，下面几段多是从不同的角度来说明问题，最后总结，所以各段之间多是平行关系，经常出现举例说明的现象。议论文先抛出议题，然后从正反两个方面进行讨论，最后得出结论。新闻体裁的应用文首句为主题句，下面展开细节性的报道。
2）确定文章体裁有利于预测文章各段主要内容和结构形式，形成重要的选择依据。
3）分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，说明文和议论文这样体裁的文章，每段的第一句多是主题句。找到主题句有助于帮助确定选择的范围，即所选句子必须和该段主题一致。另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次。
4）文章的行文需要通过一定的衔接手段来实现。文章的衔接手段有：重复式用某一词语或子范畴的词语，使用同义语表达，用总称指代具体事物或用具体事物指代整体，使用代词避免重复等。上述方法有助于段落的思路平稳在句子之间过渡。连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语融为一体。段落一致与句子衔接是文章连贯的两个必要因素。
1.（湖北省襄阳市2018届高三1月调研统一测试）The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish each other a lot. ___1___。
The origin of the Eastern culture is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers---the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India。 ___2___
When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was brought up on the Mesopotamian Plain ---the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Rome.___3___ Like the Chinese culture, the European culture also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America, their culture went with them over the Atlanta Ocean. So the American culture doesn’t distinguish from the European culture a lot.
At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences. Take the language system for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other causes like human race differences count as well. But what s more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the West, the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries. ___4___
The differences are everywhere. ___5___ But different cultures make the world of 21st century more colorful. The cultural gap should not be the obstacle to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the motivation of our going farther.
A. Let us work together to keep a variety of cultures.
B. And these two are well - known as the base of the European culture.
C. One important thing is to learn about other cultures.
D. This is because the culture systems are two separate systems on the whole.
E. They are obvious and affect people's ways of thinking and their views of the world.
F. They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles.
G. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference from the other.
【答案】1.D 2.F 3.B 4.G 5.E
【解析】1. 考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。下文都是与两种不同的文化体系有关，说明这是造就文化差异总的原因，而D项（这是因为文化系统总体上是两个独立的系统。）中内容与下文内容相对应的。故答案选D。
2. 考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据“Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers---the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India。”中国的母亲河是黄河，而印度的则是印度河，分析F项（它们帮助两种文化发展了几个世纪，形成了自己的风格。）与上句为承接关系，前者指的是两种文化的发展，故答案选F。
3. 考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。上句中提到的“When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was brought up…”相对应的。另一种文化孕育于美索不达米亚平原---美索不达米亚文明，即后来的古罗马文化和希腊文化。而B项（希腊和古罗马文化是欧洲文化的根基”与上文相对应），故答案选B。
4. 考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据上一句“But what s more,due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the West,the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries.”更重要的是，由于遥远的东方和欧美地区之间的距离和陡峭的地区，几个世纪以来，这两种文化很少沟通。可知结果是各自成长。分析选项可知G项符合题意，故答案选G。
5. 考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。The differences are everywhere.这一句提到的是原因。因此本句提到的是结果很明显影响人们的思考方式和世界观。分析选项可知，故答案选F。
2.（辽宁省鞍山一中2018届高三一模）When we choose to worry over what we don't possess,we actually stand at a risk of losing whatever we already have.___1___Therefore,there is no way we can succeed in life unless our mind is first happy and satisfied and then yearns for more.Here are some ways to help you to be more grateful.
Choose to be grateful. Well, whether to complain about what you don't have or to be thankful for what you have is a conscious choice you make yourself. Treasure what you have and strive for what you need next. Some are always worrying over what they don't have or can't achieve in the present.___2___
Look around you. When in fear or frustration, look around yourself for examples of patience and gratitude.___3___ Observe how trees stand tall and brave the fury of storms, rains and the ever-changing seasons.
___4___Once you have the mindset to be first thankful for the life you have, you will find hundreds of ways to do that. As you live your normal daily routine,you will find a number of hidden opportunities to be thankful for the bounties you have.
Think positive to achieve positive.___5___Have you ever noticed that if you keep telling yourself that the present tough times shall pass and you are happy with what you have, you actually get the courage to deal with the crisis? The human mind is a powerful machine. To flunk positive and steer the course of actions that way is a power that lies absolutely within!
A. Your thoughts can shape your life.
B. Look for hidden ways to be thankful.
C. Think about why you should be grateful.
D. After all, it is our mind that rules our body.
E. Helping others is just one of such examples!
F. Learn to observe how birds are grateful to nature for their food.
G . Actually, it is merely a way to waste the precious present moments.
【答案】1.D 2.G 3.F 4.B 5.A
【解析】1. 考查语境理解及上下文推理能力。根据上句“我们在担心我们没有拥有的东西是实际上面临失去已拥有的风险”，以及下句“因此除非我们的大脑首先感到快乐和满足”，提到大脑对我们的支配，推知选项D“毕竟，我们的思想支配我们的身体”承上启下。故答案选D。
2. 考查语境理解及上下文推理能力。根据第二段主要介绍我们要对当下拥有的东西心存感激，所以总是为没有的而焦虑是浪费时间。选项G意思是“事实上，这只是一种浪费当下宝贵时刻的一种方式”符合语境。故答案选G。
3. 考查语境理解及上下文推理能力。这段内容围绕从自己的周围世界去寻找感恩的例子。选项F“学会观察鸟类是如何感激大自然的食物的”作为其中一个例子，符合语境。故答案选F。
4. 考查语境理解及上下文推理能力。根据这一段最后一句提到生活当中有很多隐藏的机会，让你去心存感恩，可推知选项B“寻找隐藏的感恩之道”放在此处符合语境。故答案选B。
5. 考查语境理解及上下文推理能力。根据下文指出你对自己拥有的感到满意你就会得到应对危机的勇气，及“The human mind is a powerful machine.”可推知，选项A“你的思想可以塑造你的生活”符合语境。故答案选A。
3.(重庆市重点中学九校联盟2018届高三第一次联考)Reading for pleasure is an alien concept especially between your to-do list, your deadlines, and your complete lack of “your time”. ____1____ However, tons of super successful people find time in their schedules to read. After spending hours and hours trying different strategies, I’m excited to share the tricks that have helped me make reading for pleasure reality.
Combine it with an existing, enjoyable habit.
Writer James Clear introduced me to the concept of “habit stacking（叠放）” ___2____ According to Clear, “the quickest way to build a new habit into your life is to stack it on top of a current habit.”
Since I’ve always loved breakfast, I decided to “stack” the new habit of reading for 30 minutes on top of my existing one of going to cafes and eating fried eggs.
___3___
At the beginning of each month, my friend and I share our reading lists and make sure to help each other to finish them. After posting my first reading list with an image and “mentioning” a few authors, one of them started following my account and another asked me to share my thoughts on his book. ___4___
Only allow yourself to buy a new book for every book you’ve finished.
Although I never read much until recently, I did have the bad habit of buying books—books that would only collect dust on my shelves. I’ll assume that I'm not the only one with this problem. ____5____ No matter how eager you are to purchase the new release that appeared in your local bookstore or on the homepage of your Amazon account, don’t—not unless you’ve recently finished a book from your reading list. It’s that simple.
A. Share your monthly reading goals with a friend.
B. Picking up a book and reading for fun feels impossible.
C. Be responsible to your friends and the Internet strangers
D. Thanks to this strategy, I got my bookish lifestyle started.
E. So I propose a solution that will help you both read more and save money.
F. Being addicted to social media sure keeps you from achieving your reading goal.
G. Posting your list online to build connections with writers you admire will always make a difference.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. G 5. E
【解析】针对快乐阅读的一些实际困难，作者提出了几点切实可行的方法来实现快乐阅读。
1. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上句讲快乐阅读的障碍和不现实，B项：拿起一本书快乐阅读，感觉是不可能的。与上句衔接，故答案选B。
2.考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本部分讲把阅读与现有的、令人愉快的习惯结合起来。上句提到作家James Clear给我介绍了“习惯堆叠”的概念，D项：多亏了这个策略，我开始了读书生活，与上句连接介绍了其作用。故答案选D。
3.考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据本部分my friend and I share our reading lists and make sure to help each other to finish them.可知讲和朋友共同分享阅读清单，并确保互相帮助完成。A项：和朋友分享你的每月阅读目标，概括了本部分内容，是本段的标题。故答案选A。
4.考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上句讲把自己的阅读清单和阅读感想和其他作家分享，G项：在网上发布你的清单和你欣赏的作家建立联系会有很大的不同，是讲上面做法的作用，故答案选G。
5.考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上文讲买了书不阅读只是摆在书架上的坏习惯，E项：所以我提出了一个解决方案，可以帮助你们读更多的书和省钱。是针对上面问题的解决办法，故答案选E。
4.（广东省化州市2018届高三二模）When we think of holidays, we think of traveling, beaches, fun, and adventure. ___1___. Smartphones have taken the world by storm, influencing the manner we interact with each other. Does this sound like you? If so, it sounds like you need a digital detox (数码产品戒毒期).
___2___. Whether you are a businessman or a student, everyone needs some time away from technology.
Having a tech-free holiday is becoming increasingly popular especially among families. The reason is obvious. ___3___. While it may seem that sending a quick text message or uploading a photo to WeChat doesn’t take so much time, these things eventually add up without us even knowing it.
Whether to give yourself a digital detox is a difficult decision to make. ___4___. To help you along, it is probably a good idea to choose a remote area, somewhere close to nature, where you can truly immerse (沉浸其中) yourself.
Taking a tech-free holiday would be a good time to pick up something new, or return to hobbies which you never had time for. ___5___. If you’re going with friends or family, perhaps bring along some board games to spend time rekindling (重新点燃) tired relationships.
In today’s fast paced world, it’s important to find time to stop and smell the roses --- without taking a selfie at the same time, that is.
A. You could sketch (描述) the view of the coast, or take photos with your old film camera.
B. One of the best things about a digital detox is the fact that anyone can do it.
C. But the reality is, we spend most of our holidays on our personal digital products.
D. Nothing in this world can compare a holiday like this.
E. However, it may be just the thing you need to cleanse (清洗) your mind, body, and soul.
F. It enables them to spend quality time with together without being distracted by social media.
G People tend to keep connected with smartphones and never feel bored with them.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. F 4. E 5. A
【解析】如今我们似乎越来越离不开手机等各种电子产品了，这甚至还成了不少人度假的方式。如果你也是重度电子产品依赖者，不妨试着来一场“数码排毒”吧？本文建议读者远离电子产品，来一场没有科技产品的假期旅行。
1. 考查上下文理解和推理判断。空格上文阐述，当我们想到假期的时候，我们会想到旅游，沙滩、玩乐和冒险。空格下文阐述智能手机席卷了全世界，影响着我们互动的方式。因此推断空格起承上启下的作用， C项中提到的转折连词but引出下文，“our personal digital products”指代下文提到的“Smartphones”，因此推断C项“但是事实是：我们把大多数假期都花在了使用电子设备上”符合语境。故答案选C。
2. 考查上下文理解和推断判断。根据空格下文Whether you are a businessman or a student, everyone needs some time away from technology.可知，无论是商人还是学生，每个人都需要远离科技一段时间，因此推断数码排毒最大的好处之一是所有的人都可以尝试。故答案选B。
3. 考查上下文理解和推理判断。根据空格上文可知，来一场没有科技产品的假期日益成为流行的，由The reason is obvious.推断，空格处讲述“流行的原因”，因此推断F项“因为这能够让家庭成员们享受不被社交媒体打扰的搞怪时光”符合语境。故答案选F。
4. 考查上下文理解和推断判断。根据空格上文Whether to give yourself a digital detox is a difficult decision to make.可知，是否要给自己来场数码排毒是个艰难的抉择，根据文章的主旨大意可推断E项“但是要想清洗自己的思想、身体和灵魂，这或许就是你需要做的事”符合语境。故答案选E。
5. 考查上下文理解和推理判断题。根据空格上文Taking a tech-free holiday would be a good time to pick up something new, or return to hobbies which you never had time for.可知，来一场没有科技产品的假期是一个好机会，你可以尝试一些新事物，或者重拾那些你没与时间做的业余爱好，因此推断A项“你可以画张海岸速写，或者用老式相机拍照”符合语境，故答案选A。
5. （安徽省蒙城一中等2018届高三五校联考）Talking to yourself may seem a little shameful. According to the well-known saying, talking to yourself is the first sign of madness, ___1___ Talking to ourselves, whether out loud or silently in our heads, is a valuable tool for thought.
Far from being mentally ill, self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities, regulate our emotions and even create a description of our experience.___2___
As children, according to the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky, we use private speech to regulate our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others.___3___ Psychological experiments have shown that the private speech can improve our performance on tasks ranging from judging what other people are thinking to sorting images into categories. One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we address ourselves in the second person, as “you” rather than “I”.
___4___ If you want proof, turn on the sports channel. You’re certain to see an athlete or two cheering themselves up with a bitter phrase or scolding themselves after a bad shot.
Conduct a dialogue with ourselves.__5___ The private speech seems to be a particularly good way of solving problems and working through ideas. The to-and-fro between different points of view means our thoughts can end up in expected places, just like a regular dialogue can, and might turn out to be one of the keys lo human creativity.
A. What is private speech?
B. Bui there is no need for embarrassment.
C. Psychologists refer to this as private speech.
D. Ask questions of the self and provide answers.
E. We do a lot of private speech when we are young.
F. As we grow older, we make the private speech become the way of blinking,
G. Although the private speech is effective, we never entirely put away the out-loud speech.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. F 4. G 5. D
【解析】自言自语似乎显得有点丢人。??自言自语非但不代表精神失常，而且恰恰相反，它有助于我们规划要做的事情和管控自己的各种活动和情绪，甚至还能创作一段关于自己经历的故事.
1. 根据空前：用人们熟知的话来说，自言自语是变疯的第一迹象。以及空格后：自言自语——无论是大声说出还是在心中默念——都很有价值，是思考的一种工具。?得知空格处表示转折，尽管大家以为自言自语不好，但你不必感到尴尬。故答案选B。
2. 根据空前：自言自语有助于我们规划要做的事情和管控自己的各种活动和情绪，甚至还能创作一段关于自己经历的故事。?得知空格处表示总结：心理学家将这种行为称作私下话语。故答案选C。
3. 根据空格后：心理学实验已经表明，这种所谓的内在言语可以提高我们处理一些事情的能力，比如从判断别人在想什么，到把图片分门别类。?得知空格处表示过渡：随着我们年龄的增长，我们并没有放弃这个体系——我们把它内化了。故答案选F。
4. 根据空格后举例：打开体育频道，你一定会看到有那么一两个运动员在对自己说着鼓劲儿话，或是在没投中球后狠狠地责备自己。?得知空格处表示转折，上一段强调我们内化了在孩童时期使用的私下话语，但我们却从未完全放弃大声说出的方式。故答案选G。
5. 根据空前：与自己进行对话。?得知空格处表示：自问自答—似乎是一种很好的解决问题和理清想法的方式。故答案选D。
6.（辽宁省鞍山市第一中学2018届高三二模）Nowadays, people tend to take a selfie（自拍）wherever they are. However, not all of them can take a perfect selfie. ___1___So I am going to give you some tips on how to get a perfect one.
Use Several Devices. Before you can even think about uploading a selfie on your social networking site, you need to decide which device to use in the first place. Although there are many devices you can use to take a selfie, the best one is a smart phone with a front and back camera. However, it doesn’t mean that your other devices can’t come in handy. ___2___In the end, all that matters is how well you practice and how to get the right shots.
Catch Good Lighting and Background. To capture a classic selfie, you have to pay close attention to the lighting and background. If you’re taking a selfie indoors, you are supposed to face a window or door where natural light is shining right on your face. This really brightens up the picture.__3___.
Aim for Unconventional Shots. For a refreshing twist, try taking a selfie with your pet.__4___One great thing about selfie is that you don’t need to wait for the right time or place. You can instantly reach out for your camera, strike a pose, and get a rocking selfie.
___5___Relax, enjoy and click ---these are the three basic rules you need to follow. A selfie is not an activity where you need to follow some guidelines or set rules.
A. Try to avoid the serious face.
B. Pretend to be very happy all the time.
C. Taking a selfie needs practice and skills.
D. You remember to show your best smiles there.
E. For an outdoor selfie, face the sun to make it work.
F. You just have to understand how each of them works.
G. It’s interesting to see what king of expression it will give.
【答案】1. C 2. F 3. E 4. G 5. A
【解析】1. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上句讲许多人喜欢自拍，但并不是使用人都能拍出完美的自拍。下句就如何拍出完美的自拍给一些建议。C项：自拍需要技术和练习，承上启下，连接前后。故答案选C。
2. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲要使用不同的设备，重要的是了解各种设备的使用方法，如何加以练习。F项：你必须理解他们每一个怎样使用，符合本段内容，故答案选F。
3. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲选取好的光线和背景，E项：对于户外自拍，面向太阳很管用。指光线的选取，符合本段内容。故答案选E。
4. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲瞄准非传统的镜头，即抓住瞬间。上句讲自拍时带上自己的宠物，G项：看到它做出的表情很有意思，与上句连接，故答案选G。
5. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲自拍不需要遵循某些指导和规则，要放松。A项：尽量避免严肃的表情，符合本段内容，故答案选A。
7.（山东师范大学附中2018届高三第五次模拟）
How to Build Healthy Interpersonal Relationship
Human beings are social creatures and thrive(茁壮成长) in relationships with others. A healthy part to be a well-rounded, happy individual is engaging in healthy relationships with others. These friendships can provide safe environments in which individuals can thrive and help promote general well-being. ___1___.
Know your worth.
One of the first steps in building healthy interpersonal relationships is understanding one’s value. When an individual is aware of and treasures what he or she has, the building of relationships can be founded on that knowledge. ___2___. Everyone has talents. When this worth is discovered, a person can then make use of these skills in approaching interpersonal relationships. If someone is a good listener, showing how to develop this skill can attract relationships with individuals who have a need for this talent.
Recognize the value of others.
___3___ In a healthy interpersonal relationships, both parties should be respected and feel as if they are valued in the friendship. When contributions to the relationship become one-sided, the relationship will move from healthy to unhealthy.
___4___
Another way to build healthy relationships is to make friends with someone who shares the same value systems and lifestyles. Knowing that a friend will not request something from an individual will help to foster trust in the relationship. ___5___The relationship can grow on this familiarity. Trust can also develop from these similarities and go a long way in fostering a healthy friendship.
A. Be true to yourself.
B. Everyone has worth.
C. Seek out individuals with similar value systems.
D. Here are some tips to build healthy interpersonal relationships.
E. Also, having the same lifestyle can provide a link of familiarity.
F. A healthy interpersonal relationship cannot be built on dishonesty.
G. Along with understanding one's worth is recognizing and understanding the worth of others.
【答案】1.D 2.B 3.G 4.C 5.E
【解析】1. 根据下面的内容可以看出是“如何建立健康的人际关系”的一些建议，可知此空是在引出下文，D项Here are some tips to build healthy interpersonal relationships.（这里有一些建立健康的人际关系的建议。）承接上下文。
2. 根据下句：每个人都有天分，可知上句：每个人都有价值。结构上也一致，故答案选B。
3. 根据下句：在健康的人际关系中，互相尊重，认为对方都是有价值的。可知上句的意思是：理解一个人的价值伴随着承认和理解其他人的价值。G项符合题意。
4. 此题是小标题。根据下文第一句：另一个建立健康关系的方法是与有相同的价值观和生活方式的人交朋友。可知此标题的意思是：寻找类似价值系统的个人。在这里similar和same是同义词，也是做题的关键词。故答案选C。
5. 根据下句：这种关系可以在这种熟悉中增长。可知上句：拥有相同的生活方式也可以提供一个熟悉的联系。这里familiarity是关键词，故答案选E。
8. Master Your Deadlines
（山东省枣庄市三中2018届高三一调）The struggle begins in high school, sometimes earlier. Deadlines, and lots of them, start to pile up. At college, the pressure sometimes leads to last-minute rush and unsatisfactory work. At work, failing to meet deadlines can easily get you bored. ___1___ Here are a few best practices.
? Assign deadlines to what matters.
If the task isn’t of high importance, don’t set a specific deadline. In this way, you are able to keep it on your radar for a while without feeling pressured.__2___ This will provide just enough pressure to ensure you get it done.
? ___3___
Set a personal deadline for yourself a day or two before the actual deadline.__4___ If you’re working with a group of people, add in even more time to account for potential follow-ups and the need for approvals.
? Keep communicating.
___5___ This means letting others know when something is taking longer than expected, when a delivery didn’t come in, when a client is not providing the necessary information, etc. Although it may feel embarrassing to admit that something is not on schedule, being honest is much better for relieving your stress.
A. Plan for flexible hours.
B. Finish your project as early as possible.
C. But if an activity is urgent, set a deadline immediately.
D. In this way, you’ll never have to stay up late and feel stressed.
E. But handled properly, deadlines can actually improve productivity.
F. Whenever you feel challenged to finish work on time, communicate.
G. So if anything takes longer than expected, you can still wrap it up and submit it on time.
【答案】1.E 2.C 3.A 4.G 5.F
【解析】1. 考查对上下文顺承关系的理解能力。句意：奋斗始于中学，有时更早。随之各种期限接踵而来。在大学里，压力有时会导致考试临时抱佛脚和不满意的作业。在工作中，不能按时完成工作，可以使你很容易被解雇。_____。以下是一些最佳实践。从设空的前后语境可看出是转折的，故答案选E项。
2. 考查对上下文顺承关系的理解能力。句意：如果任务不是很重要的话，不要设定一个特定的截止日期，这样你就可以有一段时间没有压力，_____，这将提供足够的压力来确保你完成它。故设空前后是一种转折关系，即如果任务“很重要，很紧急（urgent ）”，故C项符合语境。
3. 考查考生对上下文顺承关系的理解能力。根据本段的内容“给自己制定一个比实际截止日期提前一到两天的限制。……如果你和一群人一起工作，就要花更多的时间来考虑潜在的后续行动和批准的必要性。”可推断出，本段是讲要留出一些弹性时间，故A项适合作本段小标题。
4. 考查对上下文顺承关系的理解能力。此空前句意：为自己制定一个比最后期限提前1－2天的期限。所以（这样的话）即使有事要花更多时间的话，也可圆满完成任务了。wrap …up圆满完成；故答案选G项。
5. 考查对上下文顺承关系的理解能力。本段中心句“Keep communicating”（要保持交流）。空后句意：就是让别人知道所做之事所需要时间比预期的长。推知所做的事是不能按期完成才要交流。故答案选F。
9.（广东佛山市2018届高三第一次教学质量检测）Many of us are hardwired NOT to ask for help. We think it makes us appear weak. We think people will say no. we think we have to do everything ourselves.___1___. We have to get over that, and there’s how:
Get over yourself
No one—and I mean NO ONE----got anywhere alone. You cannot and should not do everything yourself. You are not, in fact, always the best person for the job, or the “only” person who can do it. Asking for help is a sign of strength, not weakness. Asking for help clears space for you and frees your time and energy. ___2___.
Rebuild your thinking
Rebuild what it means to ask for help from “I am a weak, incompetent loser” to “I am strategically allocating my time to focus on what matters most.” Don’t focus on the fact that you can’t do something or don’t have the time. ___3___. It’s a chance to connect, a chance to value a colleague, a chance to get something done faster or better, a chance to optimize your own time and talents.
4___
Asking for help is about tapping valuable resources to get the best outcome the most quickly with the fewest resources expended. That’s a fancy way of saying “get the right people for the job.” __5___. And the best way to do that is to know your colleagues, and proactively build relationships.
A. Know your colleagues.
B. Think about your colleagues.
C. Your energy can’t be wasted.
D. It’s a smart strategy.
E. It’s all about building the right team.
F. Instead, think about what you will gain from the ask.
G. Whatever the reason, we don’t ask for the help we need.
【答案】1.G 2.D 3.F 4.A 5.E
【解析】1. 考查上下文推理判断能力。根据本段介绍人们天生不喜欢求助，G项意思是：不管什么原因，我们都不需要帮助。符合本段意思，承接上文。故答案选G。
2. 考查上下文推理判断能力。本段标题是“别自以为是”，并且本段介绍寻求帮助是力量的标志，而不是软弱。D项意思是：这是一个聪明的策略。D项作为本段最后一句，符合语境，承接上文。故答案选D。
3. 考查上下文推理判断能力。根据上句意思，不要把注意力集中在你不能做某件事或者没有时间的事实上，并根据下文“这是一个联系的机会，一个机会去评价一个同事，一个更快或更好地完成某件事的机会，一个机会来优化你自己的时间和才能。”可知，该处要和上句意思是转折关系。F项意思是：相反，想想从这个问题中你会得到什么。符合语境。故答案选F。
4. 考查上下文推理判断能力。根据本段最后一句“And the best way to do that is to know your colleagues, and proactively build relationships.”可知这一段是关于了解同事，建立关系。A项意思：了解你的同事。符合语境，作为本段的标题最合适。故答案选A。
5. 考查上下文推理判断能力。本段主题是了解同事，并且上文是说寻求帮助就是利用宝贵的资源，找合适的人做这份工作。E项意思是：这一切都是为了建立一个正确的团队。承接上文，符合语境。故答案选E。
10. （北京市精华学校2018年高三考前测试）The Value of Tears
Tears can ruin make-up, bring conversation to a stop, and give you a runny nose. Tears leave you embarrassed and without energy. Still, crying is a fact of life, and your tears are very useful. Even when you’re not crying, they make a film over the eye’s surface. ___1___
When tears fall, they reduce stress. But we tend to fight them for all sorts of reasons. “People worry about showing their emotions (情绪), afraid that once they lose control they’ll never get it back.”___2___ After we cry, the feelings that caused the tears often disappear.
Sometimes people become much stressed and can’t cry. Whatever emotion they are feeling — shock, anger, fear, or sadness— is being held back.
But everyone has the need to cry. Psychologist Vera Diamond explains that her treatment often consists of giving people permission to cry.___3___ Patients practice crying just to become used to expressing emotions. She suggests safe, private places to cry, like under the bedcovers or in the car. Crying is a way of ease tension, but people don’t like it when others cry because it makes them tense.___4___ And they’ll do just about anything to make you stop.
In certain situations, such as at work, tears are not appropriate. It’s good not to cry during a tense business discussion.___5___ You should also act out the whole situation again and be as noisy and angry as you like. It will help you feel better. “And,” she adds, “Once your tears have taken away the stress, you can begin to think calmly of ways to deal with the problem.”
Tears are a sign of our ability to feel. If you find yourself near someone crying, deal with it. And never be afraid to cry yourself.
A. They too may be holding back a need to cry.
B. They cry for different reasons.
C. She gives crying exercises.
D. It contains a chemical against infection (炎症).
E. The fact is no emotion lasts forever.
F. It forms in response to the stress on the surface of the eye.
G. But once you’re safely behind closed doors, don’t just cry.
【答案】1. D 2. E 3. C 4. A 5. G
【解析】试题分析:本文属于说明文。谈论眼泪的作用和价值。
1. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲述眼泪的作用，故答案选D。
2.考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。 根据本段最后一句After we cry, the feelings that caused the tears often disappear 哭过之后，导致哭泣的原因也就消失了，因此没有什么情绪可以永远持续下去，故答案选E。
3.考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据本段第二句Psychologist Vera Diamond explains that her treatment often consists of giving people permission to cry.这位心理医生说她的治疗方法里面包括允许病人哭泣，故答案选C。
4. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据本句前后句的主语都是they可知，本段主要人们不喜欢他人哭泣，主要是因为会引起自己紧张，故答案选A。
5. 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据本句后一句You should also act out the whole situation again and be as noisy and angry as you like.你应该再次控制整个场面，尽可能的发怒和生气，因此可以得出，在哭过之后，还是要表示自己的愤怒，故答案选G。
11.（北京中国人民大学附属中学2018届高三考前热身）
Real-life Room Escape Games
Real-life room escape games are a type of physical adventure game in which people are locked in a room with other participants and have to use the things in the room to settle a series of puzzles, find clues, and escape the room within a set time limit.
The games are based on Escape the Room video games, such as Crimson Room and QP-Shot, created by TAKAGISM Inc. by Toshimitsu Takagi in 2005, in which the player is locked inside a room and must explore his or her surroundings in order to escape. ___51___ Other inspirations include adventure board games and movies. Real-life room escape games are becoming popular in the United States, Japan, and China.___52___ For example, some games require you to escape prison cells while others require you to escape space stations.
___53___ Soon, they were exported to North America, Asia and Australia. Examples include the two pioneer companies Hint Hunt and Adventure Rooms.
The games were so successful that new locations began opening up across China, in cities big and small, according to Want China Times. In the southern city of Shenzhen, for example, the first escape game location opened last August.___54___ “These real-life escape games can help those who stay at home on their computers and iPads all day to experience real social circles,” Tian Xiaochuan, who owns two room escape game stores in Jinan, told Want China Times.
Earlier this year, The South China Morning Post said the real-life escape games are a hit among “highly stressed students and overworked young professionals.”___55___ Some players get so involved that they tear down equipment or decorations inside their “prisons” as Zhu Yumeng, chief operating officer of Beijing room escape game store Taoquan told China Daily.
A. Each game adds local themes to settings.
B. And seven new game locations quickly followed.
C. They should also be brave enough to face their fears.
D. Sometimes the excitement becomes a bit much, though.
E. Weekend or day event escape games have been held in some stores.
F. Permanent real life escape games in a fixed location were first opened in Europe.
G. Players must be observant and use their critical thinking skills to escape the room.
【答案】1. G 2. A 3. F 4. B 5. D
【解析】 本文主要向我们介绍了密室逃脱的起源，发展和传播。
1. G根据上文为了逃出房间人们必须要探索身边的环境，那么接下来应该是对上句话的补充。人们必须要有善于观察的能力并且使用批判性思维技巧。故答案选G。
2. A根据后文for example提示前面应该是一句总结的话，同时后文介绍了两种不同主题的游戏方式，故前文应为每个游戏都添加了当地的主题到设置里面。故答案选A。
3. F根据后文很快这个游戏传到了北美洲，亚洲和澳洲可知前面也应该是传播到某个国家。而且soon提示前面应该为first，故F符合题意。
4.前句the first escape game location opened last August.那么按照逻辑后文应该是密室逃脱游戏继续在各地开放。而B项表达的就是七个新游戏很快地跟随者开放。故答案选B。
5. D根据后文的描述一些人参与游戏过程中撕毁了监狱里面的设备和装饰。从此可以推断出人们是太兴奋过都头了。D表达了此层意思，故答案选D。
12. （湖南师范大学附属中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考）Stephen Covey's book The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People is very popular among business people who want to improve their careers.___1___For example, Covey's principles can be used to improve relationships between parents and children or to improve the way you manage your time.
Covey begins by discussing habits and effectiveness, and why they are both important to success. According to Covey, for an action, such as listening to others, to become a habit, you must know what to do and why you should do it. However, you also must want to do. On the other hand, effectiveness means having a balance between success and a good relationship with the people around you.___2___However,if the company does not respect its workers, the profits will eventually decline.
__3___The first three habits focus on personal growth. The next three habits are about how to get along with others. The seventh habit shows how to achieve physical, emotional and mental health.
Covey includes exercises to help you analyse your life. He challenges you to identify what you want to contribute to society in your lifetime. He does this by asking you to think about what people to say about you after you die.___4___For example, if you want your children to say that you were always willing to spend time with them, then you will spend more time with them and less time at work.___5___
A. It has the potential to really improve your life.
B. In this way, you can challenge yourself to make your dreams and ambitions come true.
C. However, its principles can be applied to any area of life.
D. In order to be successful, you must have habits that make you able to deal effectively with others and your own personal life.
E. For example, a company might focus completely on making a profit.
F. Your answer to this question will help you make better decisions about how to spend your time.
G. Covey also introduces the seven habits of highly effective people.
【答案】1. C 2. E 3. G 4. F 5. B
【解析】这篇短文介绍Covey原理适用于生活的很多领域，很适用于一些商业人士。
1. 考查上下文推理能力。根据下句的举例应该是对上句话的举例说明，下句意思是说Covey法则可以用在不同的领域，C项意思是：然而，它的原理可以应用于生活的任何领域。符合语境。故答案选C.
2. 考查上下文推理能力。根据前一句提到效率意味着在成功和与你周围的人建立良好关系之间取得平衡，后一句提到如果公司不尊重员工，推知设空处应该涉及到公司关注点不在员工身上。E项意思是：例如，一家公司可能完全专注于盈利。符合语境。故答案选E。
3.考查上下文逻辑推理能力。根据下文提到“The first three habits”，“ The next three habits”和“The seventh habit ”可知这一段提到七个习惯。G项意思是：Covery还介绍了高效人士的七个习惯，符合语境，故答案选G。
4. 考查上下文推理能力。根据上句涉及到“让你思考在你死后人们会对你说些什么”，F项意思是：你对这个问题的回答将帮助你更好地决定如何度过你的时间。很好的承接上句，符合语境。故答案选F。
5. 考查上下文推理能力。根据上文的意思Covey可以帮助你练习分析你的生活。该处作为最后一句应该是总结这项功能的好处。B项意思是：通过这种方式，你可以挑战自己，让你的梦想和梦想成真。符合语境。故答案选B。
13.（山西省实验中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考）
On Friday, the Ministry of Education, along with eight other central departments, published a document on preventing campus violence. The document stresses that if the perpetrators (作恶者) break the law they should be handed over to the police.
___1___ As early as May, it launched a campaign to deal with the issue.
___2___ Several cases have even aroused nationwide concern.
The root problem lies in some schools insisting on punishing the perpetrators with campus rules instead of calling the police, even though some incidents have already broken the law and the perpetrators should face legal punishments.__3___.
The schools do not want the perpetrators to go to court because it may harm their reputations so they prefer to forget the bad things”.___4___. The problem is, the more they try to hide it, the bigger their scandal (丑闻) is.
___5__ When the students who treat their schoolmates violently get extremely light punishments because of their young age, they might commit serious crimes in the future. Such cases should arouse our concern. It is time we solved the problem of campus violence with rules of law.
A. Yet campus violence is still quite wild.
B. The punishments of the schools are, of course, much lighter than legal punishments.
C. Schools must be aware of the consequences of bullying and violent incidents in schools
D. This is not the first time that the ministry has introduced measures aimed at stopping campus violence.
E. They think that by turning a blind eye to any wrongdoing that happens on campus, they can cheat everybody.
F. Worse, by trying to hide the scandal instead of solving it, the schools have actually encouraged campus violence.
G. Students with severe behavioral problems should be transferred to special schools suitable to their needs or receive criminal punishments.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. E 5. F
【解析】这篇文章主要讲了校园暴力愈发猖狂的原因以及应该如何解决校园暴力这个棘手难题。
1. 语义理解题。根据As early as May, it launched a campaign to deal with the issue.可知这里意思是这不是第一次政府采取措施，旨在停止校园暴力，故答案选D。
2. 语义理解题。根据Several cases have even aroused nationwide concern. 可知这里意思是然而校园暴力依然非常猖狂，故答案选A。
3. 语义理解题。根据The root problem lies in some schools insisting on punishing the perpetrators with campus rules instead of calling the police, even though some incidents have already broken the law and the perpetrators should face legal punishments. 可知这里意思是学校的惩罚，当然要比法律的惩罚轻得多，故答案选B。
4. 语义理解题。根据The schools do not want the perpetrators to go to court because it may harm their reputations so they prefer to forget the bad things”和 The problem is, the more they try to hide it, the bigger their scandal (丑闻) is. 可知这里意思是他们认为对校园里发生的事情视而不见，他们就可以欺骗每一个人，故答案选E。
5. 语义理解题。由When the students who treat their schoolmates violently get extremely light punishments because of their young age, they might commit serious crimes in the future. Such cases should arouse our concern. It is time we solved the problem of campus violence with rules of law. 可知这里意思是更糟糕的是，试图隐藏学校的丑闻，而不是解决它，学校最终将会鼓励校园暴力，故答案选F。
14. （北京海淀区2017届高三5月二模）Facebook Is a Big Waster
During the first decade of the 21st century, a popular and new word has come into our vocabulary—Facebook. This is the most popular social networking website on the Internet.___1___You can send messages to your friend's electronic wall, put up a status saying something like "Going to the mall, I need to get a new pair of shoes" or "it's finally the weekend!:)".
In spite of the benefit it does on common people, it is true that this social network is a big waster. There are about 350 million active users on this website and 67% of them are between the ages of 13-25. More than 35 million users update their status every day.___2___
The highest age group who use Facebook are teenagers. Most of them keep the website running whenever they are using the computer, if they aren't in school or when they aren't asleep. Facebook is just changing the new generation of youngsters unconsciously. The teenage life is one of the most important stages of life. __ 3___It is a distraction to their mind as well. Nowadays, when all their homework and research are on ICT（信息技术）they would easily switch to Facebook just to check if there was anything updated among their friends.
Facebook is also where people can see the gossip among their friends, virtual arguments, relationship status and updates, who is in whose "top friends", you can become fan of anything, join groups, post pictures and videos, play childish games, invite friends to parties or events and a lot more. Generally, all these would just disturb people into living life to the fullest. It's not just teens who become addicted, even grown-ups do. An average person spends about 55 minutes on Facebook.___4___Technology might be taking over people's life. Furthermore, people who use Facebook through their mobile phones are 50% more active on Facebook than non-mobile phone users. This shows people using Facebook on their phones as well as computers just can't stand being away from the website. Facebook is like crack to some folk.
___5___This would make them think how life is like without saying what's on their mind to all their friends on the Internet. A break would also make them more active, like socializing in person. This would finally help them focus better in school or in work. Although about 80% of people who take a break would come back to Facebook within days.
A. And 2.5 billion photos are added each month.
B. Wasting it on Facebook is not encouraging in any way.
C. This statistic isn't that bad but some people spend about 3-5 hours.
D. It is time people should take a break from Facebook once in a while.
E. As a result, the average Facebook users have 130 friends who they share links with.
F. Usually, when people hear the words "social networking", their brains automatically go to sites such as Twitter or Facebook.
G. The main idea of Facebook is that you can keep in touch with all your friends around the world who have Facebook.
【答案】1. G 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D
【解析】这是一篇讲述Facebook危害的议论文。从Facebook的流行说起，然后讲述了过度使用Facebook的危害，最后讲述是当离开Facebook的好处。
1.空后You can send messages to your friend's electronic wall，此段空格后讲述的都是与朋友联系。而G项中正好与后文相呼应。故答案选G。
2.空前More than 35 million users update their status every day.，A项中2.5 billion photos are added each month.正好承接上一句，并有and连接。讲的都是使用者在Facebook中的使用情况。故答案选A。
3．空前The teenage life is one of the most important stages of life.青少年时期是人生中最重要的时期，而且在此空前，也讲述了Facebook所造成的现状。而空后的as well也说明了前面的Facebook的坏处。B选项中的it指代the teenage life，故答案选B。
4. 空格前讲述人们平均花费55分钟在Facebook中。根据常识，55分钟并不算长，而此段一直在讲使用者沉迷于Facebook中。通读选项，C选项正好讲述这项统计不坏，但是一些人花费3-5小时，带入后整体就显得很通顺了。并且C选项中的The statistic 与上句的数据相对应。故答案选C。
5. 空格后讲述了很多好处，说明此处空格应该讲的是不过度依赖于Facebook，通读选项，D选项很合适，并且与后文中的a break相呼应。故答案选D。
15. (2017·河北衡水中学五调)
Every living thing has genes. Genes carry information. 1 They make sure that humans give birth to humans and cows give birth to cows. They also make sure that a dog doesn’t give birth to a frog, or an elephant to a horse. However, genetic engineers take genes from one species—for example, a snake, and transfer them to another—for example, corn. 2 Such new life forms have been described, by some scientists as a real-life Frankenstein.
Genetic engineers put duck genes into chicken to make the chickens bigger. They put hormones(激素) into cows to make them produce more milk. They put genes from flowers into beans and from fish into tomatoes. 3 It just makes them easier and faster for the farmer to grow.
The effects of genetic engineering on the natural world may be disastrous. The engineers may create strange life beings, or monsters that we cannot control. 4 They’ll have to find one, fight for one—or kill for one. It may be your land they fight for—or you that they kill. Moreover, the effects of these experiments can often be cruel .In America, pigs were given human genes to make them bigger and less fatty. The experiment failed. The pigs became very ill and began to lose their eyesight.
We would all like a better, healthier and longer life, and genetic engineering might give us this. On the other hand, it may be a dangerous experiment with nature. In the story of Frankenstein, the doctor created such a terrible and dangerous monster that he had to destroy it. 5
A. The information tells us what to do or what not to do.
B. We must make sure that this tale remains a story—and no more than that.
C. This doesn’t make them cheaper, tastier, or healthier.
D. The new life forms have no natural habitat or home.
E. Then they feed the tomatoes to the fish.
F. In this way a new life form is created.
G. They are passed on from generation to generation.
【答案】1.G 2. F 3.C 4.D 5.B
【解析】文章主要讲述了基因的传递与基因工程学家的研究。
1. 根据“They make sure that humans give birth to humans and cows give birth to cows.”可知，基因携带着信息代代相传。故答案选G。
2. 空前一句“However，genetic engineers take genes from one species—for example，a snake，and transfer them to another—for example，corn.”介绍了基因传递的方法，下一句“Such new life forms have been described...”中的“such new life forms”是复现，而在上文并没有出现，故空格处应与之对应，故答案选F。
3. 根据下句“It just makes them easier and faster for the farmer to grow.”可知，此句意为“它们只是起到了方便种植的作用”，故上句应是它们没有起到的作用，C项“这样做并不能让它们更廉价且美味健康”符合语境。其中的“This”指代上文基因传递的做法。故答案选C。
4. 上一句为“这种新的基因嫁接对自然界可能会是一种我们无法控制的灾难。”那这到底是什么灾难呢？下一句中反复出现的“one”又代指什么呢？浏览各选项，只有D项“这些新的生命形式或物种在自然界中找不到栖息地”符合上下文语境。one指代栖息地。故答案选D。
5. 上文讲基因实验对自然是有危害的，在科学怪人的故事里，博士创造了危险的怪物，他也不得不摧毁它，所以我们必须确保那只是个不会发生的故事。故答案选B。