专题二十五 完形填空之二说明文&议论文（解析版+原卷版）

专题二十五 完形填空之二说明文&议论文
（原卷版）

考查说明文
说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此是高考完形填空中较难理解的一种文体。说明文一般有三类：一是实体事例说明文。包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等（实体事物是指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品）；二是事理说明文。包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等（事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等）；三是文艺性说明文。即把说明对象拟人化，进而编成故事，对其进行介绍。具体特点为：（1）开头点题。做说明文完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是什么，是具体实物还是理论性概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近年的说明型填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。（2）结构清晰。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时问顺序(指先后顺序)，空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上到下、从内到外)，逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次)；认识顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质)。说明文型完形填空短文层次清晰，整体性强，所以，递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。说明文往往较直白，写作脉络清晰，又没有很多感情因素的掺入，所以就不会有过多的情感词汇，自然不会有钻不出的“迷宫”。据此特点，我们便可以顺着作者的思路，理清整篇文章的思路，从而顺利答题。
考查议论文
1首句制胜，论点明确 议论型完形填空的首句常常是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提出论点，然后在各段的首句提出分论点。
2结构清晰，脉络有序 议论文的三要素为论点、论据和论证。论点和论据形成一体，相互印证。有时作者为了使文章脉络清楚，行文流畅，会使用一些连接词，如：on the contrary, all in all, in short, generally speaking, worse still, on the other hand, in conclusion, as a consequence等。
3按一定的方法论证 议论型完形填空中的论点都是按一定的方法来论证的。常用的论证方法有：归纳法（分析个别事物，进而推断出这类事物的共同点，得出结论）；推理法（从原理出发，个别分析说明，得出结论）；对照法（正反对照，先分析说明，后得出结论）；驳论法 （阐述错误观点，逐条批驳，阐明观点）。
【考例1】（全国名校大联考2018届高三新课标仿真四）For The Flying Classroom’s second project, 11 of us from Tehran went to Tokhme-Baloot, a rural village in Ilam, one of the poorest provinces in the country. ___41___ by the government, Ilam has a high rate of unemployment, __42___ and drug use. People there used to make their living by farming, but now this way of life is ___43___ by constant famine (饥荒). The situation for children there is ___44___. Boys who don’t do well in school must start work after eighth grade and girls who don’t do well in school stay at home doing __45___ or get married.
Because our research before the trip made us believe there were large ___46___ around the village, we planned our project concept around oak (橡树) trees and squirrels to make the children ___47___ the beauty of the environment.
___48___, when we arrived at the village, we saw that there were only flat, __49___ grass fields. Tokhme-Baloot was far less ___50___ than we had expected. The village had only gotten gas and electricity four years earlier, and it was sometimes __51___ in the winter. After we saw the village and the surrounding area, the best concept for the project that we could think of focused on the respect for ___52___.
We began working with the students. Children started ___53___ the school equipment in bright colors. My colleague Zoya and I cut a dead branch into pieces and painted it to recreate a tree inside the school, as a symbol of nature __54___ by children, and on it we hung the squirrels and cranes. We left the school in bright colors with objects to ___55___ the children’s imaginations.
Projects like ours are viewed ___56___ by Iran’s government, and during our trip we were __57___ twice, once by the army and once by Basij, a paramilitary (准军事的) militia (民兵组织). They came to the school and talked to our group’s founder about the project, questioning him about is __58___, who supported it, who our members were, etc. After the tip, we ___59___ that The Flying Classroom might be stopped, but ___60___, it wasn’t.
41. A. Supported B. Ignored C. Cheated D. Valued
42. A. poverty B. influence C. development D. increase
43. A. used B. covered C. threatened D. enjoyed
44. A. hopeful B. poor C. wonderful D. strange
45. A. homework B. cooking C. chores D. washing
46. A. companies B. factories C. forests D. markets
47. A. destroy B. appreciate C. forget D. decide
48. A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Instead
49. A. false B. dusty C. poisonous D. rare
50. A. developed B. visited C. known D. polluted
51. A. benefited B. produced C. burned D. interrupted
52. A. war B. nature C. love D. god
53. A. dreaming B. stealing C. painting D. borrowing
54. A. praised B. written C. created D. saved
55. A. limit B. inspire C. share D. check
56. A. skeptically B. naturally C. wonderfully D. secretly
57. A. sentenced B. killed C. interviewed D. rescued
58. A. purpose B. result C. income D. success
59. A. hoped B. concluded C. pretended D. feared
60. A. secondly B. fortunately C. unluckily D. gradually
【答案】
41. B 42. A 43. C 44. B 45. C 46. C 47. B 48. A 49. B 50. A 51. D 52. B 53. C 54. D 55. B 56. A 57. C 58. A 59. D 60. B
【解析】
41. B考查动词辨析。A. Supported 支持； B. Ignored 忽视； C. Cheated 欺骗； D. Valued珍惜。Ilam被政府忽视，在这里它有一个高的失业率、贫困和吸毒。故答案选B。
42. A考查名词辨析。A. poverty 贫穷； B. influence影响； C. development发展； D. increase增长。Ilam被政府忽视，在这里它有一个高的失业率、贫困和吸毒。故答案选A。
43. C考查动词辨析。A. used使用； B. covered 覆盖；C. threatened 威胁； D. enjoyed喜爱。那里的人们过去靠农业谋生，但是现在这种生活方式被连续不断的饥荒所威胁。故答案选C。
44. B考查形容词辨析。A. hopeful 有希望的； B. poor 可怜的， 贫穷的； C. wonderful 极好的；D. strange奇怪的。对那里的孩子来说情况就是可怜。故答案选B。
45. C考查名词辨析。A. homework 家庭作业； B. cooking做饭；C. chores 零工；D. washing洗涤。学业不好的男孩八年级之后一定开始工作，学业不好的女孩留在家里做零活或结婚。故答案选C。
46. C考查名词辨析。A. companies 公司；B. factories 工厂；C. forests森林；D. markets市场。因为我们旅行前的研究使我们相信有大片的森林，为了使孩子们欣赏到环境的美，我们在橡树和松鼠周围规划了我们的项目理念。故答案选C。
47. B考查动词辨析。A. destroy 毁掉；B. appreciate 鉴赏；C. forget忘记；D. decide决定。为了使孩子们欣赏到环境的美，我们在橡树和松鼠周围规划了我们的项目理念。故答案选B。
48. A考查副词辨析。A. However 然而； B. Therefore 因此；C. Besides 另外；D. Instead反而。然而，当我们到达村子时，我们看到那里只有平地和落满灰尘的草。故答案选A。
49. B考查形容词辨析。A. false 错误的；B. dusty充满灰尘的；C. poisonous有毒的；D. rare罕见的。然而，当我们到达村子时，我们看到那里只有平地和落满灰尘的草。故答案选B。
50. A考查动词辨析。A. developed 发展；B. visited访问；C. known 知道；D. polluted污染。Tokhme Baloot是远远低于我们预料的发展。故答案选A。
51. D考查动词辨析。A. benefited 有利于；B. produced 生产；C. burned燃烧；D. interrupted打断。这个村庄四年前才有了煤气和电，在冬天有时候就中断了。故答案选D。
52. B考查名词辨析。A. war 战争；B. nature自然；C. love爱；D. god上帝。我们看到村子和周围的情况，我们认为我们要专注于对大自然的尊重。故答案选B。
53. C考查动词辨析。A. dreaming梦想； B. stealing偷；C. painting 粉刷，绘画；D. borrowing借。孩子们开始用鲜艳的颜色粉刷学校的设备。故答案选C。
54. D考查动词辨析。A. praised 赞美； B. written 写； C. created创造； D. saved挽救，节约。我的同事Zoya和我砍掉一个死树枝，把它弄成碎片，粉刷它，把它变成学校的一棵树，作为被孩子们挽救的大自然的一个象征符号。故答案选D。
55. B考查动词辨析。A. limit 限制； B. inspire鼓舞； C. share 分享； D. check核对。我们把物品用鲜艳的颜色粉刷离开学校，激发孩子们的灵感。故答案选B。
56. A考查副词辨析。A. skeptically怀疑地； B. naturally 自然地； C. wonderfully 极好地； D. secretly秘密地。像我们这样的项目被伊朗政府持怀疑态度。故答案选A。
57. C考查动词辨析。A. sentenced审判；B. killed杀死；C. interviewed会见，面试； D. rescued营救。在旅游期间我们被会见两次。故答案选C。
58. A考查名词辨析。A. purpose 目的； B. result 结果； C. income 收入； D. success成功。他们来到学校，和我们小组的创始人谈了这个项目。询问的目的是，谁支持它，它的成员是谁。故答案选A。
59. D考查动词辨析。A. hoped 希望； B. concluded 得出结论； C. pretended假装； D. feared害怕。旅行之后我们唯恐The Flying Classroom可能被停止，但是很幸运，它没有。故答案选D。
60. B考查副词辨析。A. secondly 第二； B. fortunately 幸运地； C. unluckily 不幸地； D. gradually逐渐地。旅行之后我们唯恐The Flying Classroom可能被停止，但是很幸运，它没有。故答案选B。
【考例2】(2017·苏锡常镇高三二模)Truly happy and successful people get that way by becoming the best，most genuine (真实的) version of themselves. Not on the outside—on the inside .It's not about a brand or a __1__．It's about reality: who you really are.
Sounds simple，I know. The problem is，it's very hard to do，it takes a lot of work，and it can take a lifetime to__2__it out.
__3__worth doing in life is ever easy. If you want to do great work，it's going to take a lot of hard work to do it. And you're going to have to break out of your comfort zone and take some__4__that will scare you so much. But what's the__5__of life if not finding yourself and trying to become the best?
That's what Steve Jobs__6__when he said: Your time is__7__，so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't let the noise of others' opinions__8__your own inner voice. You have to__9__something—your gut(直觉)，fate，life，or__10__．This__11__has never let me down，and it has made all the difference in my life.
Now，let's for a moment be__12__about this. Insightful as that advice may be，it sounds a little too__13__to resonate (共鸣) with today's quick-fix culture. These days，if you can't tell people exactly what to do and how to do it，it__14__deaf ears.
Not only that，but what Jobs was talking about，what I'm talking about，requires focus and discipline，two things that are very hard to__15__these days. Why? Because，focus and discipline are hard. It's much easier to__16__to distraction (分心)．Easy and addictive.
There's a business concept called opportunity cost. When you choose one course of action，you miss out on all the other opportunities you might have chosen to__17__but didn't.People__18__stop to consider that until it's too late.
And yet，the opportunity for adventure is right there in front of each and every one of us.Until you take it，you'll never know what you might__19__．All you have to do is__20__the journey.So，take action!
1．A.personality B．quality C．talent D．reputation
2．A.put B．leave C．figure D．check
3．A.Everything B．Anything C．Something D．Nothing
4．A.rewards B．chances C．advantages D．responsibilities
5．A.aim B．sense C．effect D．result
6．A.planned B．meant C．mentioned D．informed
7．A.endless B．abundant C．random D．limited
8．A.drown out B．cater for C．submit to D．dance to
9．A.trust B．deny C．admire D．forget
10．A.however B．whichever C．whenever D．whatever
11．A.truth B．approach C．imagination D．action
12．A.realistic B．enthusiastic C．energetic D．optimistic
13．A.challenging B．dynamic C．fragile D．consistent
14．A.turns out B．brings about C．falls on D．involves in
15．A.come by B．stand by C．look for D．care for
16．A.get down B．give in C．give rise D．pay attention
17．A.preserve B．create C．pursue D．abandon
18．A.frequently B．rarely C．actively D．passively
19．A.achieve B．survive C．believe D．relieve
20．A.enjoy B．expect C．design D．start
【答案】
1．D 2．C　3．D　4．B　5．B　6．B　7．D　8．A 9．A　10．D　11．B　12．A　
13．A　14．C　15．A　16．B　17．C　18．B 19．A 20．D　
【解析】　本文是一篇议论文。如何成为真正快乐、成功的人？在作者看来，那就是让自己成长为最好、最真实的自己。
1．D　考查名词辨析及语境理解。根据上文中的“Not on the outside ...a brand or ...”及下文中的“It's about reality: who you really are.”可知空处与a brand和上文中的“the outside”相对应，指的是外在的东西，故答案选reputation“名望，荣誉”。 故答案选D。
2．C　考查动词短语辨析及语境理解。“我”知道这听起来很简单，但问题是，做起来非常难：这需要付出很多努力，甚至一辈子才能弄明白。figure out意为“弄明白，计算出”，符合语境。put out意为“扑灭，生产，出版”；leave out意为“遗漏”；check out意为“检查，结账离开”。 故答案选C。
3．D　考查代词辨析及语境理解。根据上文提到的需要付出很多努力，甚至一辈子才能弄明白其中的道理及下文中的“it's going to take a lot of hard work ...break out of your comfort zone ...”可知，此处指生活中值得做的事情都不容易，故答案选Nothing。故答案选D。
4．B　考查名词辨析及语境理解。正因为“万事皆不易”，所以你必须走出舒适区，去冒险。take a chance意为“抓住机会，冒险，碰运气”。 故答案选B。
5．B考查名词辨析及语境理解。　根据语境及句中的“if not finding yourself and trying to become the best”可知，在作者看来，一个人这一辈子，到头来如果认不清自己、未努力成为最好的自己的话，人生就没有什么意义。sense意为“意义”。 故答案选B。
6．B　考查动词辨析及语境理解。根据语境可知，此处指那也是史蒂夫·乔布斯在说下文中的“Your time is ...in my life”这些话时的意思，所以用mean，意为“意思是说”。 故答案选B。
7．D　考查形容词辨析及语境理解。根据句中的“don't waste it”可知，你的时间是有限的(limited)，因此不要把它浪费在过其他人的生活上。故答案选D。
8．A　考查动词短语辨析及语境理解。根据语境可知，此处指不要让其他人的聒噪言论淹没你内心的声音。drown out意为“(声音)盖过，淹没”，符合语境。cater for意为“迎合，提供饮食”；submit to意为“顺从”；dance to“跟着……跳舞”。 故答案选A。
9．A考查动词辨析及语境理解。　根据语境可知，此处指“你必须要相信一些东西——你的直觉、命运、生活或诸如此类的东西”。故答案选trust。故答案选A。
10．D　考查固定短语辨析及语境理解。句意：你必须要相信一些东西——你的直觉、命运、生活或诸如此类的东西。or whatever意为“诸如此类，等等”，是固定用法。故答案选D。
11．B　考查名词辨析及语境理解。根据语境可知，在乔布斯看来这个方法(approach)从来没让他失望过，而且对他的生活有很大的影响。下文中的“that advice”亦是提示。故答案选B。
12．A　考查形容词辨析及语境理解。根据下文中的“Insightful as that advice may be，it sounds a little ...”可知，此处作者建议读者实际一点，从现实角度分析了上文中提到的乔布斯的建议。realistic意为“现实的，实际的”；enthusiastic意为“热情的”；energetic意为“精力充沛的”；optimistic意为“乐观的”。 故答案选A。
13．A考查形容词辨析及语境理解。　根据空处所在句及下文中的“These days，if you ...deaf ears.”可知，此处指那个建议或许很深刻，但听起来却有点过于具有挑战性，不能与当今的“应急”文化产生共鸣。challenging意为“有挑战性的”；dynamic意为“充满活力的，精力充沛的”；fragile意为“易碎的，脆弱的，虚弱的”；consistent意为“一致的，连续的”。 故答案选A。
14．C考查动词短语辨析及语境理解。　根据语境可知，现如今，如果你不能告诉人们真正该做什么、该怎么做的话，那么它(建议)就会被置若罔闻。fall on deaf ears意为“未受到重视，未被理睬，被置若罔闻”，是固定用法。turn out意为“关掉，结果是，生产”；bring about意为“带来，造成”；involve in意为“被卷入，参加”。 故答案选C。
15．A　考查动词短语辨析及语境理解。根据下文中的“Why? Because ...Easy and addictive.”可知，不仅如此，乔布斯的讲话和“我”要说的话都需要集中和自制力——这两种品质在当今社会非常难得到。come by意为“得到，收到”，符合语境。stand by意为“支持，准备行动，信守诺言”；look for意为“寻找”；care for意为“照顾，喜欢”。 故答案选A。
16．B　考查动词词组辨析及语境理解。因为集中和自制力都不容易做到，人们很容易分散注意力。give in to意为“屈服，让步”，符合语境。get down to意为“着手做”；give rise to意为“引起”；pay attention to意为“注意”。 故答案选B。
17．C考查动词辨析及语境理解。　有一个商业概念叫“机会成本”。当你选择了某种行动方式时，你会错过所有其他你原本可以选择的机会来追寻(梦想)。pursue意为“追求，致力于”，符合语境。preserve意为“保护，保存”；create意为“创造”；abandon意为“放弃”。 故答案选C。
18．B考查副词辨析及语境理解。　根据下文中的“stop to consider that until it's too late ”“And yet，the opportunity for adventure is right there ...”可知，人们很少停下来细想这一点，直到为时已晚。frequently意为“频繁地”；rarely意为“很少，罕有”；actively意为“积极地”；passively意为“被动地，顺从地”。故答案选rarely。故答案选B。
19．A　考查动词辨析及语境理解。然而，冒险的机会就在我们每个人面前。在你抓住它之前，你绝不知道你可能会获得什么。achieve 意为“取得，获得”，符合语境。survive意为“幸存”；believe意为“相信”；relieve意为“缓解，解除”。 故答案选A。
20．D　考查动词辨析及语境理解。根据下文中的“So，take action”可知，此处指你所要做的就是开始这个旅程。start意为“开始，(使)开始发生”，符合语境。故答案选D。
【考例3】（2016·上海）
In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.
In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.
Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.
A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.
Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.
51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike
52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme
53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise
54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above
55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging
56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply
57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression
58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male
59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing
60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating
61. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared
62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally
63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure
64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene
65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness
【答案】51.?D??? 52.?A??? 53.?B??? 54.?D??? 55.?C??? 56.?B??? 57.?A??? 58.?D??? 59.?A??? 60.?C? 61.?B??? 62.?B??? 63.?D??? 64.?A??? 65.?C???
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，作者在第一段中提出道格拉斯麦克雷戈所提出的人性假设理论中的X理论和Y理论，并介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论：授权管理及其作用。
51.D 考查动词辨析及语境理解。根据后半句“…will do anything to avoid it.”可知很多人为了避免工作而愿意做任何事情，说明那些人大多数人生性都是懒惰的，都不愿意工作，他们尽可能低逃避工作。故答案选D。
52.A 考查介词短语辨析及语境理解。短语to the contrary相反的；to the degree在某种程度上；to the extreme走向极端；在文章第一段中提到了X理论，大多数人都缺乏进取心和责任心，不愿对人和事负责，没有什么雄心壮志，不喜欢负责任，宁可被领导。而Y理论认为大多数人愿意对工作、对他人负责，人们愿意实行自我管理和自我控制来完成应当完成的目标。这是两种完全相反的理论，尽管对于这两种完全相反的理论有很多的证据，很多管理人仍然同意X理论。故A正确。
53.B 考查上下文串联。本句中for example表示举例说明；这些管理人仍然同意X理论，例如他们认为如果要员工效率高，就需要给与他们不断的监督。这属于X理论的举例说明。故B正确。
54.D 考查介词辨析及语境理解。根据后句“...makes for authoritarian managers....”可知这属于专制的管理方法，他们的决定是来自上而下的，没有任何商量的余地。故D项“above上面的”正确。
55.C考查上下文串联。根据前段可知本文讨论的管理学的理论，使用本剧使用动词manage管理，不同文化中有不同的管理人的方法。而且和下文中亚洲、西方的管理方法形成呼应。故答案选C。
56.B考查动词短语辨析及语境理解。短语A. refer to提及，提到；B. contribute to做贡献；导致；C. object to反对；D. apply to适用于。亚洲人使用的是协商的管理方法，所有人都被要求对管理的过程做出自己的贡献。故答案B。
57.A 考查上下文串联。名词agreement同意；practice练习，做法；election选举；impression印象；亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法，这种方法是建立在共同的协议基础之上的，西方人也想学习这样的管理方法。故A正确。
58.D 考查上下文串联。根据前半句“....women will become more effective managers than men....”可知有些专家认为女性比男性管理更高效。因为女性更有亲和力，比男性管理人更容易与别人达成一致的目标。故D正确。
59.A 考查上下文串联。根据前句“... encourage employees to use their own initiative...鼓励员工使用自己的首创精神”，也就是说在做出决定的时候不要请示上级经理，自己做出决定即可。故A项正确。
60.C 考查动词辨析及语境理解。根据前句“the trend towards downsizing缩小规模的趋势”，也就是要减少管理层的数量，可以直接做出决定而不需要请示上级。故动词“reduce减少”符合上下文串联。
61.B 考查短语辨析辨析及语境理解。动词be honored with被授予；be left with留下，剩下；be crowded with挤满；be compared with与..相比；通过这种方法，公司只剩下高层管理者和前线的与公众直接联系的一线管理人。省略了很多中央环节，提高了管理的效益。故B正确。
62.B 考查副词辨析及语境理解。副词economically经济地；traditionally传统地；inadequately不充分地；occasionally偶尔地；根据后句“Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management...”可知授权管理是一个新型的管理方法，与传统的管理模式不一样。故B正确。
63.D 考查动词辨析及语境理解。动词deny否认；admit承认；assume假定，设想；ensure保证，确保；授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理环节，保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知D正确。
64.A 考查形容词及语境理解。 形容词virtual虚拟的；ineffective低效的；day-to-day日常的；on-the-scene现场的；根据后句“where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses”可知在这种新型的管理方法中，人们都是通过邮件和网络联系，说明这种一种新型通过虚拟网络进行的管理方法。故A正确。
65.C 考查名词辨析及语境理解。A. opinion观点；B. risk冒险； C. performance表现；D. attractiveness魅力。根据后半句中in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.可知，我们的评价员工的表现是根据他们的产品而不是工作的时间。故答案选C。
【完型填空解题方法】
一、利用句首信息，推测语篇主旨
完形填空所选短文的第一句常为主题句，一般不设空。把握了主题句对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。
二、寻找提示信息，重现语境意义
完形填空主要考查考生对语境的理解，所以考生在做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处通常前后多有提示，这种提示多为后面提示前面。
一般来说，完型填空的四个选项形式完全相同，如都是动词原形，都是副词，都是名词复数形式等，所以要注意他们在意义上和搭配上的细微差别，形义兼顾。同时，一定要把这些选项放到特定的语境里进行区分，判别，从而选出正确答案。
三、识别语篇标志，理清逻辑关系
语篇一般指比句子长的语言单位，如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词被称为“语篇标志”。如表示结构层次的语篇标志语有firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等；表示逻辑关系的语篇标志语有thus ,therefore, so等；表示改变话题的语篇标志语有by the way 等；表示递进关系的语篇标志语有besides，what’s more，furthermore等；表示时间关系的语篇标志语有before，so for ,yet ,meanwhile ,later等；表示转折关系的语篇标志语有but, while ,although等。在做完形填空时，如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。
四、利用原词复现，寻找近义词语
完型填空试题中，有些词语常常重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整而又有机的意义整体。在阅读文章的过程中，有时也会发现一些与选项意义紧密相连的同义词或近义词。因此要学会充分利用这些词提供的有效信息进行合理的推侧判断，选出正确答案。
五、词语的习惯用法和固定搭配
完形填空的解题步骤
细读首句,跳过空格，通读全文， 把握大意,结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案,瞻前顾后，先易后难，个个击破,再读全文，反复检查。总之：把握整体，具体分析。
1.（广东省化州市2018届高三上学期英语第二次高考模拟考试试卷）
The aim of writing a letter of application is to help you to "sell" yourself. It should state 1 ?the job you want, and should tell what your abilities are and what you have 2 . It should be simple, human, personal and brief without 3 ?out any necessary fact.??? In writing a letter of application, bear in mind that the things a possible employer is most 4 to want to know about are your qualifications, your achievements and your aims. The opening paragraph is perhaps the most important part. If the first few sentences fail to 5 ?the reader's attention, the rest of the letter may not be 6 ?at all. Try to key your opening remarks to the needs or interests of the employer not to your own need or desire. For example, instead of beginning with "I saw your 7 ?in today's paper." you might say "I have made a careful study of your advertising during the past six months" or "I have made a survey in my neighborhood to find out how many housewives 8 ?your product and why they like it."??? Try to 9 ?generalities. Be clear about the kind of job for which you are now 10 ?College graduates looking for their first positions often ask "What can I 11 ?in a letter? Employers want experience, which, naturally, no 12 ?has." The answer is that everything you have ever done is 13 ??? It is important to write a good strong closing for your letter. 14 a specific request for an interview or give the possible employer something definite to do or expect. An excellent 15 ?is to enclose (内附) a stamped, self-addressed (写上自己地址的) envelope with your letter. That makes it easier for a possible employer to get in touch with you.
1. A. clearly
B. carefully
C. obviously
D. easily
2. A. found
B. done
C. known
D. heard
3. A. sending
B. taking
C. leaving
D. picking
4. A. probable
B. possible
C. likely
D. able
5. A. pay
B. win
C. show
D. fix
6. A. kept
B. continued
C. written
D. read
7. A. advertisement
B. report
C. article
D. introduction
8. A. change
B. make
C. sell
D. use
9. A. avoid
B. remember
C. protect
D. gain
10. A. losing
B. applying
C. preparing
D. fitting
11. A. offer
B. simply
C. mean
D. provide
12. A. worker
B. beginner
C. owner
D. manager
13. A. success
B. development
C. practice
D. experience
14. A. Make
B. Ask
C. State
D. Get
15. A. result
B. decision
C. promise
D. idea
2.（黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2018届高三英语第三次模拟考试试卷）
? During the Nov. 11 shopping event, many people tend to buy more than they need because of sales promotions or just plain urge. But what normally 1 the shopping spree (疯狂购物) is not 2 but regret. That's because many people just buy things to fill the 3 in their hearts, but accumulating things actually 4 the burden in their minds.??? The concept of Danshari may provide a(n) 5 ?to the problem. Danshari was based on three Chinese characters, duan she li, 6 ?refusal, disposal (清除) and separation. It promotes the idea of getting rid of 7 ?things and separating oneself from the drive to own 8 possessions. There are two basic rules that 9 whether you should keep something---the relationship between you and the item under 10 ?as well as the timing. So before you 11 ?your payment password for something, ask yourself two questions: Do I 12 ?it now? Does it suit me???? Danshari encourages you not only to 13 ?yourself things, but to give up the unreasonable desire associated with owning them. Nowadays, people need to learn to 14 ?their daily lives. Buy only the necessities and 15 ?items, regularly 16 ?things you don't need any more, then you'll get freedom in your heart.??? However, it doesn't mean that you should 17 ?your desire and live a less interesting life. Instead, you should 18 ?yourself rather than material goods. Through 19 what to buy and what to get rid of, you can see a deeper reflection of yourself 20 ?learning to make wise decisions about more important things.
1. A. prevents
B. follows
C. starts
D. promotes
2. A. expectation
B. wealth
C. satisfaction
D. relief
3. A. emptiness
B. needs
C. silence
D. space
4. A. measures
B. covers
C. relieves
D. indicates
5. A. limit
B. alternative
C. solution
D. introduction
6. A. meaning
B. abolishing
C. violating
D. predicting
7. A. updated
B. temporary
C. used
D. unnecessary
8. A. private
B. material
C. valuable
D. popular
9. A. prove
B. permit
C. decide
D. affect
10. A. guarantee
B. consideration
C. control
D. discussion
11. A. change
B. create
C. provide
D. enter
12. A. need
B. try
C. want
D. match
13. A. deny
B. prepare
C. spare
D. serve
14. A. fix
B. risk
C. enrich
D. simplify
15. A. special
B. cheap
C. suitable
D. optional
16. A. discover
B. recycle
C. update
D. abandon
17. A. fuel
B. identify
C. kill
D. balance
18. A. reflect on
B. focus on
C. give up
D. cheer up
19. A. choosing
B. avoiding
C. comparing
D. mentioning
20. A. rather
B. otherwise
C. therefore
D. still

3.（宁夏石嘴山市第三中学2018届高三下学期英语第三次模拟考试试卷）
At age 14, 15 and 16, the way we looked was the most important thing in the world to us. My friends and I wanted nothing less than perfection.??? In high school, we joined the gymnastics team, and our 1 became even more important to us. We had no fat, only muscle. On the weekends, we would go to the beach, ? 2 ?of our flat stomachs.??? One summer day, all my friends were at my house? 3 . At one point, I was running back to the pool. I 4 ?on a bee, and while it was dying under my foot, it stung (蛰) me. I instantly started to feel 5 . That night, I began to run a high fever and my leg and foot were red, hot and swollen. I couldn't walk. I could barely 6 .??? When my foot started to go numb, everyone became more 7 . My foot was not getting enough blood. I had to go to the hospital, and my leg 8 ?as if it were badly broken. I couldn't move. All I could do was think about how soft my middle was becoming. That ? 9 ?me more than any concern over my leg.??? That would all 10 when I heard the doctors mention possibly cutting off my foot. It was still not getting the 11 supply it needed. The doctors would have to speed up their treatment.??? Never before did I have such great 12 ?for my foot. And walking seemed like a 13 from the gods. Less and less I wanted to hear my friends talk about 14 ?and who was wearing what. More and more I expected visits from other kids in the hospital, who were quickly becoming my friends.??? One girl came to visit me 15 . Every time she came, she brought flowers. She was recovering from cancer and felt she should come back and 16 ?the other patients.??? She still had no hair, and she was swollen from the medications she had been taking. I would not have given this girl a second 17 ?before. I now loved every inch of her and looked forward to her 18 .??? Finally, I was improving and soon I went home. My leg was still swollen, 19 ?I was walking, and I had my foot! When I would go back to the hospital, I often saw my friend. She was still visiting people and 20 good cheer. I thought if there was an angel on this earth, it had to be her.
1. A. grades????? ?
B. brains????
C. bodies????? ???
D. clothes
2. A. ashamed???
B. proud? ????????
C. sure? ?
D. tired
3. A. dancing??? ????
B. chatting???
C. jogging????
D. swimming
4. A. stepped???????
B. focused???
C. held ???
D. took
5. A. upset??????? ?
B. fearful??????
C. sick??????
D. anxious
6. A. jump?? ?????
B. run???????
C. stand????
D. rest
7. A. concerned??? ?????
B. relieved????
C. surprised ???
D. interested
8. A. harmed???
B. hurt?????
C. wounded??
D. injured
9. A. blamed??????
B. impressed?????
C. shocked ???
D. troubled
10. A. change ?????
B. bother????? ??
C. help????
D. happen
11. A. nutrition????
B. blood??? ??
C. time??????
D. air
12. A. observation????
B. devotion ????
C. appreciation???
D. evaluation
13. A. gift??????? ?
B. hand?
C. promise????
D. treat
14. A. homework??
B. appointment?
C. movies?
D. gymnastics
15. A. suddenly????? ?
B. regularly?????
C. eventually??? ??
D. recently
16. A. advise? ????????
B. encourage???
C. serve????
D. instruct
17. A. choice???? ??
B. thought????
C. glance????? ??
D. chance
18. A. words??????
B. ideas????? ?
C. flowers? ???
D. visits
19. A. but???????
B. then????? ?
C. so???
D. for
20. A. enjoying??? ?????
B. gaining????
C. discovering???
D. spreading
4.（河南省信阳高中2018届高三下学期英语最新高考信息卷（一））??? As a child, I was always told to “eat my greens”. These were the unappealing vegetables that sat on the edge of my plate. Peas, and green beans, all looked and tasted 1 . Let's face it, when there were so many other delicious treats to 2 ?why eat boring vegetables???? Since then my taste buds have 3 and I'm also fully aware of the health benefits of eating fresh vegetables. But we still need 4 ?of the amazing goodness these green super foods give us. In the UK, a campaign has been 5 for several years to encourage us to eat our “5 A Day”—five portions of fruit and vegetables. That's 6 evidence has shown there are significant health 7 ?to getting at least five 80g portions of a variety of fruit and vegetables every day.??? But I struggle trying to fit these five portions into my daily 8 ?partly because I have a sweet 9 ?and vegetables are, well, tasteless. Researchers have been 10 ?how to make eating vegetables more 11 . They analysed the psychology behind our food 12 ?and found that most of us are 13 ?by taste. Brad Turnwald from Stanford University says that “studies show that people 14 ?to think of healthier options as less tasty for some reason.”??? In Europe, a project called VeggieEAT has also been trying to find ways to get people to 15 more vegetables. Project leader, Professor Heather Hartwell believes in 16 ?encouraging people into eating the right things. One idea has been to put a 17 ?of a tasty looking fruit on a supermarket trolley as a 18 ?about buying something from the fruit store. She says, “Choice is a really 19 ?thing. But making vegetables look attractive will increase their sales.”??? Certainly, eating “twisted citrus-glazed carrots” does sound tempting, even if it just 20 like a carrot, but if it makes us eat more vegetables then that can only be a good thing for our health.
1. A. delicious
B. disgusting
C. ripen
D. sweet
2. A. buy
B. prepare
C. enjoy
D. offer
3. A. developed
B. appeared
C. existed
D. shrank
4. A. talking
B. informing
C. reminding
D. warning
5. A. planning
B. running
C. aiming
D. intending
6. A. why
B. how
C. when
D. because
7. A. needs
B. issues
C. benefits
D. risks
8. A. diet
B. education
C. work
D. exercise
9. A. tendency
B. tooth
C. preference
D. appetite
10. A. showing
B. discovering
C. reporting
D. studying
11. A. attractive
B. appropriate
C. beneficial
D. independent
12. A. wastes
B. values
C. choices
D. judgments
13. A. confused
B. disturbed
C. challenged
D. motivated
14. A. manage
B. tend
C. agree
D. decide
15. A. grow
B. harvest
C. store
D. eat
16. A. suddenly
B. slowly
C. firmly
D. seriously
17. A. picture
B. lot
C. variety
D. number
18. A. sign
B. concern
C. hint
D. clue
19. A. complex
B. easy
C. quick
D. casual
20. A. looks
B. smells
C. feels
D. tastes
5.（普通高等学校2018届高三招生全国统一考试英语模拟试卷（三））??? The following is a beautiful speech by Sundar Pichai, a senior executive at a big IT company. At a 1 ?a cockroach (蟑螂) suddenly flew from somewhere and sat on a lady. She started 2 ?out of fear. With a panic-stricken face and trembling voice, she started jumping, with both her hands 3 ?trying to get rid of the cockroach. Her 4 was contagious (传染的), as everyone in her group also got 5 .The lady finally managed to push the cockroach away but it 6 on another lady in the group.??? Now, it was the 7 of the other lady in the group to 8 ?the drama. The waiter rushed forward to their 9 .In the relay of throwing, the cockroach next fell upon the waiter. The waiter stood 10 calmed himself and observed the behavior of the cockroach on his shirt. When he was 11 ?enough, he grabbed it with his fingers and 12 ?it out of the restaurant.??? Sipping my coffee and watching the amusement, I picked up a few thoughts and started wondering 13 ?the cockroach was responsible for their behavior. If so, then why was the waiter not 14 .He handled it near to perfection, without any 15 It was not the cockroach, but the 16 of the ladies to handle the disturbances caused by the cockroach that disturb the ladies. I 17 that, it is not the shouting of my father or my boss or my wife that disturbs me, but my inability to handle the disturbances 18 by their shouting that disturbs me. It's not the traffic jam on the road that disturbs me 19 ?my inability to handle the disturbances caused by the traffic jam that disturbs me 20 ?than the problem, it's my reaction to the problem that creates chaos in my life.
1. A. hotel
B. zoo
C. school
D. restaurant
2. A. pointing
B. jumping
C. checking
D. screaming
3. A. separately
B. elegantly
C. desperately
D. carefully
4. A. reaction
B. surprise
C. settlement
D. excitement
5. A. angry
B. anxious
C. ready
D. steady
6. A. stepped
B. died
C. landed
D. took
7. A. turn
B. right
C. power
D. interest
8. A. finish
B. continue
C. improve
D. increase
9. A. side
B. scene
C. rescue
D. relative
10. A. back
B. alone
C. firm
D. aside
11. A. confident
B. certain
C. brave
D. strong
12. A. pushed
B. threw
C. brought
D. helped
13. A. how
B. that
C. whether
D. why
14. A. defeated
B. overcome
C. welcomed
D. disturbed
15. A. panic
B. hesitation
C. pause
D. delay
16. A. inability
B. fear
C. trouble
D. doubt
17. A. expected
B. realized
C. included
D. argued
18. A. ignored
B. concerned
C. caused
D. dealt
19. A. and
B. but
C. or
D. just
20. A. Better
B. More
C. Worse
D. Truer

6.（安徽省安庆市2018届高三英语第二次模拟考试试卷）
??? During the Nov.11 shopping event，many people tend to buy more than they need because of sales promotions or just plain urge.But what normally 1 ?the shopping spree(疯狂购物)is not 2 but regret.That's because many people just buy things to fill the 3 in their hearts，but accumulating things actually 4 ?the burden in their minds.??? The concept of Danshari may provide a(n) 5 to the problem.Danshari was based on three Chinese characters，duan she li 6 refusal，disposal(清除)and separation.It promotes the idea of getting rid of 7 things and separating oneself from the drive to own 8 ?possessions.There are two basic rules that 9 ??whether you should keep something—the relationship between you and the item under 10 as well as the timing.So before you 11 your payment password for something，ask yourself two questions：Do I 12 ?it now? Does it suit me???? Danshari encourages you not only to 13 ?yourself things，but to give up the unreasonable desire associated with owning them.Nowadays，people need to learn to 14 their daily lives.Buy only the necessities and 15 items，regularly 16 ?things you don't need any more，then you'll get freedom in your heart.??? However，it doesn't mean that you should 17 your desire and live a less interesting life.Instead，you should 18 ?yourself rather than material goods.Through 19 what to buy and what to get rid of，you can see a deeper reflection of yourself 20 ?learning to make wise decisions about more important things.
1. A. prevents
B. follows
C. starts
D. promotes
2. A. expectation
B. wealth
C. satisfaction
D. relief
3. A. emptiness
B. needs
C. silence
D. space
4. A. measures
B. covers
C. relieves
D. indicates
5. A. 1imit
B. alternative
C. solution
D. introduction
6. A. meaning
B. abolishing
C. violating
D. predicting
7. A. updated
B. temporary
C. used
D. unnecessary
8. A. private
B. material
C. valuable
D. popular
9. A. prove
B. permit
C. decide
D. affect
10. A. guarantee
B. consideration
C. control
D. discussion
11. A. change
B. create
C. provide
D. enter
12. A. need
B. try
C. want
D. match
13. A. deny
B. prepare
C. spare
D. serve
14. A. fix
B. risk
C. enrich
D. simplify
15. A. special
B. cheap
C. suitable
D. optional
16. A. discover
B. recycle
C. update
D. abandon
17. A. fuel
B. identify
C. kill
D. balance
18. A. reflect on
B. focus on
C. give up
D. cheer up
19. A. choosing
B. avoiding
C. comparing
D. mentioning
20. A. rather
B. otherwise
C. therefore
D. still
7. （甘肃省兰州市2018届高三英语第二次实战考试试卷）
??? There are too many fat people in America, so many Americans are fighting against overweight. But the 1 thing is that the French, who consume rich food 2 to stay thin. Now a 3 by Cornell University suggests 4 life style and decisions about 5 may affect weight. Researchers concluded that the French tend to stop eating when they feel 6 . However, Americans tend to stop when their 7 are empty or their favorite TV show is over.??? According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a 8 expert, the French see eating 9 an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a 10 time at the table, while Americans see eating as 11 to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans 12 the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have 13 .In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and 14 foods for the week. The French 15 tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers' markets where they have a 16 of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal.??? After a visit to the United States, Mireille Guiliano, author of French Women Don't Get fat, decided to 17 about the importance of knowing when to stop rather than suggesting how to avoid 18 . Today she continues to stay slim and rarely goes to the gym.??? In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent life style 19 may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity(肥胖)—or extreme overweight—among adults is only 6%. However, as American fast food gains 20 and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17%—and is growing.
1. A. present
B. natural
C. strange
D. modern
2. A. continue
B. move
C. try
D. expand
3. A. research
B. novel
C. book
D. newspaper
4. A. that
B. what
C. how
D. when
5. A. working
B. living
C. studying
D. eating
6. A. sensitive
B. sad
C. happy
D. full
7. A. pockets
B. refrigerators
C. houses
D. plates
8. A. education
B. health
C. literature
D. speech
9. A. into
B. as
C. inside
D. to
10. A. fairly long
B. fairly short
C. very exciting
D. rather fast
11. A. anything
B. something
C. everything
D. nothing
12. A. get
B. bring
C. lose
D. receive
13. A. kept
B. enjoyed
C. went
D. stopped
14. A. hot
B. cool
C. warm
D. frozen
15. A. therefore
B. instead
C. however
D. merely
16. A. choice
B. message
C. order
D. number
17. A. write
B. read
C. speak
D. think
18. A. fruit
B. food
C. oil
D. egg
19. A. examples
B. tradition
C. changes
D. stories
20. A. failure
B. success
C. acceptance
D. rejection
8.（江西省2018届高三毕业班英语新课程教学质量监测试卷）
??? People tend to seek happiness 1 I've finished with many books, I come to the 2 that happiness is a choice. We can feel happy or unhappy just by 3 our thoughts!??? I think most people are unhappy because they pay 4 attention to what's happening outside—they might think they're too fat or they 5 their jobs. These 6 thoughts can put their personalities under pressure. Another important reason may be that they lack the 7 attitude towards others. If they think they 8 everything others do for them, they'll never feel happy.??? Actually, we all have a sense of happiness inside waiting to 9 .What we have to do is let it out. Surprisingly, many of us place such a low 10 on ourselves that we lower the 11 of everything we do. 12 we should make the decision today to value ourselves. When someone 13 for help, don't refuse Just make sure they know the value of your help.??? 14 yourself that you can decide whether to be happy on your own. Don't worry about genetics(遗传). 15 your dad is not the happiest man, it doesn't mean you are unhappy. If you choose to be happy, you can 16 look on the bright side of life. Take 17 and be proud of the choices you have made.??? Try giving some of your time to a 18 career. For example, the more time you spend volunteering, the happier you'll be. This is an opportunity to 19 new experiences, meet new people and learn new 20 ?
1. A. Unless
B. when
C. Though
D. Before
2. A. force
B. agreement
C. idea
D. conclusion
3. A. changing
B. scanning
C. polishing
D. updating
4. A. little
B. much
C. some
D. less
5. A. appreciate
B. like
C. doubt
D. bate
6. A. bad
B. positive
C. ridiculous
D. meaningful
7. A. thoughtful
B. friendly
C. grateful
D. hopeful
8. A. abandon
B. absorb
C. deserve
D. possess
9. A. give out
B. burst out
C. die down
D. break down
10. A. value
B. purpose
C. spirit
D. decision
11. A. target
B. request
C. fun_ction
D. quality
12. A. Or
B. So
C. But
D. As
13. A. searches
B. charges
C. reaches
D. asks
14. A. Retell
B. Inform
C. Remind
D. Persuade
15. A. In case
B. Since
C. Even if
D. whether
16. A. always
B. never
C. still
D. even
17. A. effect
B. care
C. notice
D. responsibility
18. A. constant
B. worthy
C. diverse
D. curious
19. A. gain
B. master
C. analyze
D. improve
20. A. activities
B. adventures
C. skills
D. benefits
专题二十五完形填空之二说明文&议论文
（解析版）

考查说明文
说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此是高考完形填空中较难理解的一种文体。说明文一般有三类：一是实体事例说明文。包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等（实体事物是指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品）；二是事理说明文。包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等（事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等）；三是文艺性说明文。即把说明对象拟人化，进而编成故事，对其进行介绍。具体特点为：（1）开头点题。做说明文完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是什么，是具体实物还是理论性概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在近年的说明型填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象。（2）结构清晰。把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时问顺序(指先后顺序)，空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上到下、从内到外)，逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次)；认识顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质)。说明文型完形填空短文层次清晰，整体性强，所以，递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。说明文往往较直白，写作脉络清晰，又没有很多感情因素的掺入，所以就不会有过多的情感词汇，自然不会有钻不出的“迷宫”。据此特点，我们便可以顺着作者的思路，理清整篇文章的思路，从而顺利答题。
考查议论文
1首句制胜，论点明确 议论型完形填空的首句常常是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提出论点，然后在各段的首句提出分论点。
2结构清晰，脉络有序 议论文的三要素为论点、论据和论证。论点和论据形成一体，相互印证。有时作者为了使文章脉络清楚，行文流畅，会使用一些连接词，如：on the contrary, all in all, in short, generally speaking, worse still, on the other hand, in conclusion, as a consequence等。
3按一定的方法论证 议论型完形填空中的论点都是按一定的方法来论证的。常用的论证方法有：归纳法（分析个别事物，进而推断出这类事物的共同点，得出结论）；推理法（从原理出发，个别分析说明，得出结论）；对照法（正反对照，先分析说明，后得出结论）；驳论法 （阐述错误观点，逐条批驳，阐明观点）。
【考例1】（全国名校大联考2018届高三新课标仿真四）For The Flying Classroom’s second project, 11 of us from Tehran went to Tokhme-Baloot, a rural village in Ilam, one of the poorest provinces in the country. ___41___ by the government, Ilam has a high rate of unemployment, __42___ and drug use. People there used to make their living by farming, but now this way of life is ___43___ by constant famine (饥荒). The situation for children there is ___44___. Boys who don’t do well in school must start work after eighth grade and girls who don’t do well in school stay at home doing __45___ or get married.
Because our research before the trip made us believe there were large ___46___ around the village, we planned our project concept around oak (橡树) trees and squirrels to make the children ___47___ the beauty of the environment.
___48___, when we arrived at the village, we saw that there were only flat, __49___ grass fields. Tokhme-Baloot was far less ___50___ than we had expected. The village had only gotten gas and electricity four years earlier, and it was sometimes __51___ in the winter. After we saw the village and the surrounding area, the best concept for the project that we could think of focused on the respect for ___52___.
We began working with the students. Children started ___53___ the school equipment in bright colors. My colleague Zoya and I cut a dead branch into pieces and painted it to recreate a tree inside the school, as a symbol of nature __54___ by children, and on it we hung the squirrels and cranes. We left the school in bright colors with objects to ___55___ the children’s imaginations.
Projects like ours are viewed ___56___ by Iran’s government, and during our trip we were __57___ twice, once by the army and once by Basij, a paramilitary (准军事的) militia (民兵组织). They came to the school and talked to our group’s founder about the project, questioning him about is __58___, who supported it, who our members were, etc. After the tip, we ___59___ that The Flying Classroom might be stopped, but ___60___, it wasn’t.
41. A. Supported B. Ignored C. Cheated D. Valued
42. A. poverty B. influence C. development D. increase
43. A. used B. covered C. threatened D. enjoyed
44. A. hopeful B. poor C. wonderful D. strange
45. A. homework B. cooking C. chores D. washing
46. A. companies B. factories C. forests D. markets
47. A. destroy B. appreciate C. forget D. decide
48. A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Instead
49. A. false B. dusty C. poisonous D. rare
50. A. developed B. visited C. known D. polluted
51. A. benefited B. produced C. burned D. interrupted
52. A. war B. nature C. love D. god
53. A. dreaming B. stealing C. painting D. borrowing
54. A. praised B. written C. created D. saved
55. A. limit B. inspire C. share D. check
56. A. skeptically B. naturally C. wonderfully D. secretly
57. A. sentenced B. killed C. interviewed D. rescued
58. A. purpose B. result C. income D. success
59. A. hoped B. concluded C. pretended D. feared
60. A. secondly B. fortunately C. unluckily D. gradually
【答案】
41. B 42. A 43. C 44. B 45. C 46. C 47. B 48. A 49. B 50. A 51. D 52. B 53. C 54. D 55. B 56. A 57. C 58. A 59. D 60. B
【解析】
41. B考查动词辨析。A. Supported 支持； B. Ignored 忽视； C. Cheated 欺骗； D. Valued珍惜。Ilam被政府忽视，在这里它有一个高的失业率、贫困和吸毒。故答案选B。
42. A考查名词辨析。A. poverty 贫穷； B. influence影响； C. development发展； D. increase增长。Ilam被政府忽视，在这里它有一个高的失业率、贫困和吸毒。故答案选A。
43. C考查动词辨析。A. used使用； B. covered 覆盖；C. threatened 威胁； D. enjoyed喜爱。那里的人们过去靠农业谋生，但是现在这种生活方式被连续不断的饥荒所威胁。故答案选C。
44. B考查形容词辨析。A. hopeful 有希望的； B. poor 可怜的， 贫穷的； C. wonderful 极好的；D. strange奇怪的。对那里的孩子来说情况就是可怜。故答案选B。
45. C考查名词辨析。A. homework 家庭作业； B. cooking做饭；C. chores 零工；D. washing洗涤。学业不好的男孩八年级之后一定开始工作，学业不好的女孩留在家里做零活或结婚。故答案选C。
46. C考查名词辨析。A. companies 公司；B. factories 工厂；C. forests森林；D. markets市场。因为我们旅行前的研究使我们相信有大片的森林，为了使孩子们欣赏到环境的美，我们在橡树和松鼠周围规划了我们的项目理念。故答案选C。
47. B考查动词辨析。A. destroy 毁掉；B. appreciate 鉴赏；C. forget忘记；D. decide决定。为了使孩子们欣赏到环境的美，我们在橡树和松鼠周围规划了我们的项目理念。故答案选B。
48. A考查副词辨析。A. However 然而； B. Therefore 因此；C. Besides 另外；D. Instead反而。然而，当我们到达村子时，我们看到那里只有平地和落满灰尘的草。故答案选A。
49. B考查形容词辨析。A. false 错误的；B. dusty充满灰尘的；C. poisonous有毒的；D. rare罕见的。然而，当我们到达村子时，我们看到那里只有平地和落满灰尘的草。故答案选B。
50. A考查动词辨析。A. developed 发展；B. visited访问；C. known 知道；D. polluted污染。Tokhme Baloot是远远低于我们预料的发展。故答案选A。
51. D考查动词辨析。A. benefited 有利于；B. produced 生产；C. burned燃烧；D. interrupted打断。这个村庄四年前才有了煤气和电，在冬天有时候就中断了。故答案选D。
52. B考查名词辨析。A. war 战争；B. nature自然；C. love爱；D. god上帝。我们看到村子和周围的情况，我们认为我们要专注于对大自然的尊重。故答案选B。
53. C考查动词辨析。A. dreaming梦想； B. stealing偷；C. painting 粉刷，绘画；D. borrowing借。孩子们开始用鲜艳的颜色粉刷学校的设备。故答案选C。
54. D考查动词辨析。A. praised 赞美； B. written 写； C. created创造； D. saved挽救，节约。我的同事Zoya和我砍掉一个死树枝，把它弄成碎片，粉刷它，把它变成学校的一棵树，作为被孩子们挽救的大自然的一个象征符号。故答案选D。
55. B考查动词辨析。A. limit 限制； B. inspire鼓舞； C. share 分享； D. check核对。我们把物品用鲜艳的颜色粉刷离开学校，激发孩子们的灵感。故答案选B。
56. A考查副词辨析。A. skeptically怀疑地； B. naturally 自然地； C. wonderfully 极好地； D. secretly秘密地。像我们这样的项目被伊朗政府持怀疑态度。故答案选A。
57. C考查动词辨析。A. sentenced审判；B. killed杀死；C. interviewed会见，面试； D. rescued营救。在旅游期间我们被会见两次。故答案选C。
58. A考查名词辨析。A. purpose 目的； B. result 结果； C. income 收入； D. success成功。他们来到学校，和我们小组的创始人谈了这个项目。询问的目的是，谁支持它，它的成员是谁。故答案选A。
59. D考查动词辨析。A. hoped 希望； B. concluded 得出结论； C. pretended假装； D. feared害怕。旅行之后我们唯恐The Flying Classroom可能被停止，但是很幸运，它没有。故答案选D。
60. B考查副词辨析。A. secondly 第二； B. fortunately 幸运地； C. unluckily 不幸地； D. gradually逐渐地。旅行之后我们唯恐The Flying Classroom可能被停止，但是很幸运，它没有。故答案选B。
【考例2】(2017·苏锡常镇高三二模)Truly happy and successful people get that way by becoming the best，most genuine (真实的) version of themselves. Not on the outside—on the inside .It's not about a brand or a __1__．It's about reality: who you really are.
Sounds simple，I know. The problem is，it's very hard to do，it takes a lot of work，and it can take a lifetime to__2__it out.
__3__worth doing in life is ever easy. If you want to do great work，it's going to take a lot of hard work to do it. And you're going to have to break out of your comfort zone and take some__4__that will scare you so much. But what's the__5__of life if not finding yourself and trying to become the best?
That's what Steve Jobs__6__when he said: Your time is__7__，so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't let the noise of others' opinions__8__your own inner voice. You have to__9__something—your gut(直觉)，fate，life，or__10__．This__11__has never let me down，and it has made all the difference in my life.
Now，let's for a moment be__12__about this. Insightful as that advice may be，it sounds a little too__13__to resonate (共鸣) with today's quick-fix culture. These days，if you can't tell people exactly what to do and how to do it，it__14__deaf ears.
Not only that，but what Jobs was talking about，what I'm talking about，requires focus and discipline，two things that are very hard to__15__these days. Why? Because，focus and discipline are hard. It's much easier to__16__to distraction (分心)．Easy and addictive.
There's a business concept called opportunity cost. When you choose one course of action，you miss out on all the other opportunities you might have chosen to__17__but didn't.People__18__stop to consider that until it's too late.
And yet，the opportunity for adventure is right there in front of each and every one of us.Until you take it，you'll never know what you might__19__．All you have to do is__20__the journey.So，take action!
1．A.personality B．quality C．talent D．reputation
2．A.put B．leave C．figure D．check
3．A.Everything B．Anything C．Something D．Nothing
4．A.rewards B．chances C．advantages D．responsibilities
5．A.aim B．sense C．effect D．result
6．A.planned B．meant C．mentioned D．informed
7．A.endless B．abundant C．random D．limited
8．A.drown out B．cater for C．submit to D．dance to
9．A.trust B．deny C．admire D．forget
10．A.however B．whichever C．whenever D．whatever
11．A.truth B．approach C．imagination D．action
12．A.realistic B．enthusiastic C．energetic D．optimistic
13．A.challenging B．dynamic C．fragile D．consistent
14．A.turns out B．brings about C．falls on D．involves in
15．A.come by B．stand by C．look for D．care for
16．A.get down B．give in C．give rise D．pay attention
17．A.preserve B．create C．pursue D．abandon
18．A.frequently B．rarely C．actively D．passively
19．A.achieve B．survive C．believe D．relieve
20．A.enjoy B．expect C．design D．start
【答案】
1．D 2．C　3．D　4．B　5．B　6．B　7．D　8．A 9．A　10．D　11．B　12．A　
13．A　14．C　15．A　16．B　17．C　18．B 19．A 20．D　
【解析】　本文是一篇议论文。如何成为真正快乐、成功的人？在作者看来，那就是让自己成长为最好、最真实的自己。
1．D　考查名词辨析及语境理解。根据上文中的“Not on the outside ...a brand or ...”及下文中的“It's about reality: who you really are.”可知空处与a brand和上文中的“the outside”相对应，指的是外在的东西，故答案选reputation“名望，荣誉”。 故答案选D。
2．C　考查动词短语辨析及语境理解。“我”知道这听起来很简单，但问题是，做起来非常难：这需要付出很多努力，甚至一辈子才能弄明白。figure out意为“弄明白，计算出”，符合语境。put out意为“扑灭，生产，出版”；leave out意为“遗漏”；check out意为“检查，结账离开”。 故答案选C。
3．D　考查代词辨析及语境理解。根据上文提到的需要付出很多努力，甚至一辈子才能弄明白其中的道理及下文中的“it's going to take a lot of hard work ...break out of your comfort zone ...”可知，此处指生活中值得做的事情都不容易，故答案选Nothing。故答案选D。
4．B　考查名词辨析及语境理解。正因为“万事皆不易”，所以你必须走出舒适区，去冒险。take a chance意为“抓住机会，冒险，碰运气”。 故答案选B。
5．B考查名词辨析及语境理解。　根据语境及句中的“if not finding yourself and trying to become the best”可知，在作者看来，一个人这一辈子，到头来如果认不清自己、未努力成为最好的自己的话，人生就没有什么意义。sense意为“意义”。 故答案选B。
6．B　考查动词辨析及语境理解。根据语境可知，此处指那也是史蒂夫·乔布斯在说下文中的“Your time is ...in my life”这些话时的意思，所以用mean，意为“意思是说”。 故答案选B。
7．D　考查形容词辨析及语境理解。根据句中的“don't waste it”可知，你的时间是有限的(limited)，因此不要把它浪费在过其他人的生活上。故答案选D。
8．A　考查动词短语辨析及语境理解。根据语境可知，此处指不要让其他人的聒噪言论淹没你内心的声音。drown out意为“(声音)盖过，淹没”，符合语境。cater for意为“迎合，提供饮食”；submit to意为“顺从”；dance to“跟着……跳舞”。 故答案选A。
9．A考查动词辨析及语境理解。　根据语境可知，此处指“你必须要相信一些东西——你的直觉、命运、生活或诸如此类的东西”。故答案选trust。故答案选A。
10．D　考查固定短语辨析及语境理解。句意：你必须要相信一些东西——你的直觉、命运、生活或诸如此类的东西。or whatever意为“诸如此类，等等”，是固定用法。故答案选D。
11．B　考查名词辨析及语境理解。根据语境可知，在乔布斯看来这个方法(approach)从来没让他失望过，而且对他的生活有很大的影响。下文中的“that advice”亦是提示。故答案选B。
12．A　考查形容词辨析及语境理解。根据下文中的“Insightful as that advice may be，it sounds a little ...”可知，此处作者建议读者实际一点，从现实角度分析了上文中提到的乔布斯的建议。realistic意为“现实的，实际的”；enthusiastic意为“热情的”；energetic意为“精力充沛的”；optimistic意为“乐观的”。 故答案选A。
13．A考查形容词辨析及语境理解。　根据空处所在句及下文中的“These days，if you ...deaf ears.”可知，此处指那个建议或许很深刻，但听起来却有点过于具有挑战性，不能与当今的“应急”文化产生共鸣。challenging意为“有挑战性的”；dynamic意为“充满活力的，精力充沛的”；fragile意为“易碎的，脆弱的，虚弱的”；consistent意为“一致的，连续的”。 故答案选A。
14．C考查动词短语辨析及语境理解。　根据语境可知，现如今，如果你不能告诉人们真正该做什么、该怎么做的话，那么它(建议)就会被置若罔闻。fall on deaf ears意为“未受到重视，未被理睬，被置若罔闻”，是固定用法。turn out意为“关掉，结果是，生产”；bring about意为“带来，造成”；involve in意为“被卷入，参加”。 故答案选C。
15．A　考查动词短语辨析及语境理解。根据下文中的“Why? Because ...Easy and addictive.”可知，不仅如此，乔布斯的讲话和“我”要说的话都需要集中和自制力——这两种品质在当今社会非常难得到。come by意为“得到，收到”，符合语境。stand by意为“支持，准备行动，信守诺言”；look for意为“寻找”；care for意为“照顾，喜欢”。 故答案选A。
16．B　考查动词词组辨析及语境理解。因为集中和自制力都不容易做到，人们很容易分散注意力。give in to意为“屈服，让步”，符合语境。get down to意为“着手做”；give rise to意为“引起”；pay attention to意为“注意”。 故答案选B。
17．C考查动词辨析及语境理解。　有一个商业概念叫“机会成本”。当你选择了某种行动方式时，你会错过所有其他你原本可以选择的机会来追寻(梦想)。pursue意为“追求，致力于”，符合语境。preserve意为“保护，保存”；create意为“创造”；abandon意为“放弃”。 故答案选C。
18．B考查副词辨析及语境理解。　根据下文中的“stop to consider that until it's too late ”“And yet，the opportunity for adventure is right there ...”可知，人们很少停下来细想这一点，直到为时已晚。frequently意为“频繁地”；rarely意为“很少，罕有”；actively意为“积极地”；passively意为“被动地，顺从地”。故答案选rarely。故答案选B。
19．A　考查动词辨析及语境理解。然而，冒险的机会就在我们每个人面前。在你抓住它之前，你绝不知道你可能会获得什么。achieve 意为“取得，获得”，符合语境。survive意为“幸存”；believe意为“相信”；relieve意为“缓解，解除”。 故答案选A。
20．D　考查动词辨析及语境理解。根据下文中的“So，take action”可知，此处指你所要做的就是开始这个旅程。start意为“开始，(使)开始发生”，符合语境。故答案选D。
【考例3】（2016·上海）
In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.
In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.
Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.
A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.
Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.
51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike
52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme
53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise
54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above
55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging
56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply
57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression
58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male
59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing
60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating
61. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared
62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally
63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure
64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene
65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness
【答案】51.?D??? 52.?A??? 53.?B??? 54.?D??? 55.?C??? 56.?B??? 57.?A??? 58.?D??? 59.?A??? 60.?C? 61.?B??? 62.?B??? 63.?D??? 64.?A??? 65.?C???
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，作者在第一段中提出道格拉斯麦克雷戈所提出的人性假设理论中的X理论和Y理论，并介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论：授权管理及其作用。
51.D 考查动词辨析及语境理解。根据后半句“…will do anything to avoid it.”可知很多人为了避免工作而愿意做任何事情，说明那些人大多数人生性都是懒惰的，都不愿意工作，他们尽可能低逃避工作。故答案选D。
52.A 考查介词短语辨析及语境理解。短语to the contrary相反的；to the degree在某种程度上；to the extreme走向极端；在文章第一段中提到了X理论，大多数人都缺乏进取心和责任心，不愿对人和事负责，没有什么雄心壮志，不喜欢负责任，宁可被领导。而Y理论认为大多数人愿意对工作、对他人负责，人们愿意实行自我管理和自我控制来完成应当完成的目标。这是两种完全相反的理论，尽管对于这两种完全相反的理论有很多的证据，很多管理人仍然同意X理论。故A正确。
53.B 考查上下文串联。本句中for example表示举例说明；这些管理人仍然同意X理论，例如他们认为如果要员工效率高，就需要给与他们不断的监督。这属于X理论的举例说明。故B正确。
54.D 考查介词辨析及语境理解。根据后句“...makes for authoritarian managers....”可知这属于专制的管理方法，他们的决定是来自上而下的，没有任何商量的余地。故D项“above上面的”正确。
55.C考查上下文串联。根据前段可知本文讨论的管理学的理论，使用本剧使用动词manage管理，不同文化中有不同的管理人的方法。而且和下文中亚洲、西方的管理方法形成呼应。故答案选C。
56.B考查动词短语辨析及语境理解。短语A. refer to提及，提到；B. contribute to做贡献；导致；C. object to反对；D. apply to适用于。亚洲人使用的是协商的管理方法，所有人都被要求对管理的过程做出自己的贡献。故答案B。
57.A 考查上下文串联。名词agreement同意；practice练习，做法；election选举；impression印象；亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法，这种方法是建立在共同的协议基础之上的，西方人也想学习这样的管理方法。故A正确。
58.D 考查上下文串联。根据前半句“....women will become more effective managers than men....”可知有些专家认为女性比男性管理更高效。因为女性更有亲和力，比男性管理人更容易与别人达成一致的目标。故D正确。
59.A 考查上下文串联。根据前句“... encourage employees to use their own initiative...鼓励员工使用自己的首创精神”，也就是说在做出决定的时候不要请示上级经理，自己做出决定即可。故A项正确。
60.C 考查动词辨析及语境理解。根据前句“the trend towards downsizing缩小规模的趋势”，也就是要减少管理层的数量，可以直接做出决定而不需要请示上级。故动词“reduce减少”符合上下文串联。
61.B 考查短语辨析辨析及语境理解。动词be honored with被授予；be left with留下，剩下；be crowded with挤满；be compared with与..相比；通过这种方法，公司只剩下高层管理者和前线的与公众直接联系的一线管理人。省略了很多中央环节，提高了管理的效益。故B正确。
62.B 考查副词辨析及语境理解。副词economically经济地；traditionally传统地；inadequately不充分地；occasionally偶尔地；根据后句“Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management...”可知授权管理是一个新型的管理方法，与传统的管理模式不一样。故B正确。
63.D 考查动词辨析及语境理解。动词deny否认；admit承认；assume假定，设想；ensure保证，确保；授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理环节，保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知D正确。
64.A 考查形容词及语境理解。 形容词virtual虚拟的；ineffective低效的；day-to-day日常的；on-the-scene现场的；根据后句“where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses”可知在这种新型的管理方法中，人们都是通过邮件和网络联系，说明这种一种新型通过虚拟网络进行的管理方法。故A正确。
65.C 考查名词辨析及语境理解。A. opinion观点；B. risk冒险； C. performance表现；D. attractiveness魅力。根据后半句中in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.可知，我们的评价员工的表现是根据他们的产品而不是工作的时间。故答案选C。
【完型填空解题方法】
一、利用句首信息，推测语篇主旨
完形填空所选短文的第一句常为主题句，一般不设空。把握了主题句对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。
二、寻找提示信息，重现语境意义
完形填空主要考查考生对语境的理解，所以考生在做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处通常前后多有提示，这种提示多为后面提示前面。
一般来说，完型填空的四个选项形式完全相同，如都是动词原形，都是副词，都是名词复数形式等，所以要注意他们在意义上和搭配上的细微差别，形义兼顾。同时，一定要把这些选项放到特定的语境里进行区分，判别，从而选出正确答案。
三、识别语篇标志，理清逻辑关系
语篇一般指比句子长的语言单位，如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词被称为“语篇标志”。如表示结构层次的语篇标志语有firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等；表示逻辑关系的语篇标志语有thus ,therefore, so等；表示改变话题的语篇标志语有by the way 等；表示递进关系的语篇标志语有besides，what’s more，furthermore等；表示时间关系的语篇标志语有before，so for ,yet ,meanwhile ,later等；表示转折关系的语篇标志语有but, while ,although等。在做完形填空时，如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。
四、利用原词复现，寻找近义词语
完型填空试题中，有些词语常常重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整而又有机的意义整体。在阅读文章的过程中，有时也会发现一些与选项意义紧密相连的同义词或近义词。因此要学会充分利用这些词提供的有效信息进行合理的推侧判断，选出正确答案。
五、词语的习惯用法和固定搭配
完形填空的解题步骤
细读首句,跳过空格，通读全文， 把握大意,结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案,瞻前顾后，先易后难，个个击破,再读全文，反复检查。总之：把握整体，具体分析。
1.（广东省化州市2018届高三上学期英语第二次高考模拟考试试卷）
The aim of writing a letter of application is to help you to "sell" yourself. It should state 1 ?the job you want, and should tell what your abilities are and what you have 2 . It should be simple, human, personal and brief without 3 ?out any necessary fact.??? In writing a letter of application, bear in mind that the things a possible employer is most 4 to want to know about are your qualifications, your achievements and your aims. The opening paragraph is perhaps the most important part. If the first few sentences fail to 5 ?the reader's attention, the rest of the letter may not be 6 ?at all. Try to key your opening remarks to the needs or interests of the employer not to your own need or desire. For example, instead of beginning with "I saw your 7 ?in today's paper." you might say "I have made a careful study of your advertising during the past six months" or "I have made a survey in my neighborhood to find out how many housewives 8 ?your product and why they like it."??? Try to 9 ?generalities. Be clear about the kind of job for which you are now 10 ?College graduates looking for their first positions often ask "What can I 11 ?in a letter? Employers want experience, which, naturally, no 12 ?has." The answer is that everything you have ever done is 13 ??? It is important to write a good strong closing for your letter. 14 a specific request for an interview or give the possible employer something definite to do or expect. An excellent 15 ?is to enclose (内附) a stamped, self-addressed (写上自己地址的) envelope with your letter. That makes it easier for a possible employer to get in touch with you.
1. A. clearly
B. carefully
C. obviously
D. easily
2. A. found
B. done
C. known
D. heard
3. A. sending
B. taking
C. leaving
D. picking
4. A. probable
B. possible
C. likely
D. able
5. A. pay
B. win
C. show
D. fix
6. A. kept
B. continued
C. written
D. read
7. A. advertisement
B. report
C. article
D. introduction
8. A. change
B. make
C. sell
D. use
9. A. avoid
B. remember
C. protect
D. gain
10. A. losing
B. applying
C. preparing
D. fitting
11. A. offer
B. simply
C. mean
D. provide
12. A. worker
B. beginner
C. owner
D. manager
13. A. success
B. development
C. practice
D. experience
14. A. Make
B. Ask
C. State
D. Get
15. A. result
B. decision
C. promise
D. idea
【答案】1.A；2.B；3.C；4.C；5.B；6 D；7.A； 8 D；9.A； 10 B；11.D；12.B；13.D；14.A；15.D；
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何在求职的生涯中针对不同的求职需求写求职信．如何在求职信中趋利避害等细节问题都进行了论述。1.考查副词辨析及语境理解。A.clearly“清晰地”；B．carefully“仔细地”；C．obviously“显而易见地”；D．easily“容易地”。根据常识推断，求职信应该清晰地陈述你想要的工作。 故答案选A 。2.考查动词辨析及语境理解。A.found“发现”；B．done“做”；C．known“知道”；D．heard“听见”。求职信上应当写明你有什么能力和你做过什么。故答案选B。3.考查动词辨析及语境理解。A.sending“派遣”；B．taking“拿，取”；C．leaving“离开”；D．picking“挑选”。求职信应当是简单地，通情达理的，个性化并简洁的，不不遗漏任何重要内容的。leave out固定短语“遗漏”，故答案选C。4.考查形容词辨析及语境理解。A.probable“很可能的”；B．possible“可能的”；C．likely“很可能的”； D．able“有能力的”。写求职信时，记住一个潜在的雇主最可能想知道的事情是你的资历，成绩和目标。be likely to do固定短语“可能会……”故答案选C。5.考查动词辨析及语境理解。A.pay“支付”；B．win“赢”；C．show“ 展示”；D．fix“修理”。根据上文“The opening paragraph is perhaps the most important part.”可知，开头是最重要的，因此推断如果开头几句没有能够赢得读者的注意，其余部分或许对方就不会读了。故答案选B。6.考查动词辨析及语境理解。A.kept“保持”；B．continued“继续”；C．written“写”；D．read“读”。 如果开头几句没有能够赢得读者的注意，故答案选D。7.考查名词辨析及语境理解。A.advertisement“广告”；B．report“报告”； C．article“文章”；D．Introduction“介绍”。根据下文“your advertising”可知，此处指对方在报上刊登的招聘广告。故答案选A 。8.考查动词辨析及语境理解。A.change“改变”；B．make“使，让”； C．sell“卖”； D．use“使用”。根据下文“your product and why they like it”可见与“使用”是相联系的，喜欢才会去用，用过才觉得喜欢。 故答案选D。9.考查动词辨析及语境理解。A.avoid“避免”；B．remember“记住”； C．protect“保护”； D．gain“获得”。 根据下文“Be clear about the kind of job for which you are now ___10___”可推断，说清楚你的需求，要避免笼统抽象。故答案选A。10.考查动词辨析及语境理解。A.losing“丢失”；B．Applying“申请”；C．preparing“准备”；D．fitting“安装”。 既然是求职信，当然是为了申请工作。apply for固定短语“申请”，故答案选B 。11.考查动词 句意：求职信中应该给对方提供什么信息呢？。A.offer“提供”；B．supply“供应”；C．mean“意味着”；D．provide“提供”。provide表示“(为……)提供”，offer 表示“(主动地)给”，故答案选D。12.考查名词辨析及语境理解。A.worker“工人”；B．beginner“初学者，新手”；C．owner“主人”；D．manager“经理”。由句子中提到的“experience”和“no”可推断，只有刚开始找工作的新手没有经验，故答案选B。13.考查名词辨析及语境理解。A.success“成功”；B．development“发展”；C．practice“练习”；D．experience“经验，经历”。 根据语境可知，此处作者说的是只要你做过的事都可以称为经验/经历。故答案选D。14.考查动词辨析及语境理解。A.Make“使，让”；B．Ask“请，问”；C．State“陈述”；D．Get“得到”。make a request for something.的意思是request，“恳请，要求”，此处表示：要求一个具体的面试。选A。15.考查名词辨析及语境理解。A.result“结果”；B．decision“决定”；C．promise“诺言”；D．idea“想法”。根据下文“ to enclose (内附) a stamped, self-addressed (写上自己地址的) envelope with your letter”可推断，在信内附上一张有地址和邮票的信封，这是个好主意。 故答案选D。2.（黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2018届高三英语第三次模拟考试试卷）
? During the Nov. 11 shopping event, many people tend to buy more than they need because of sales promotions or just plain urge. But what normally 1 the shopping spree (疯狂购物) is not 2 but regret. That's because many people just buy things to fill the 3 in their hearts, but accumulating things actually 4 the burden in their minds.??? The concept of Danshari may provide a(n) 5 ?to the problem. Danshari was based on three Chinese characters, duan she li, 6 ?refusal, disposal (清除) and separation. It promotes the idea of getting rid of 7 ?things and separating oneself from the drive to own 8 possessions. There are two basic rules that 9 whether you should keep something---the relationship between you and the item under 10 ?as well as the timing. So before you 11 ?your payment password for something, ask yourself two questions: Do I 12 ?it now? Does it suit me???? Danshari encourages you not only to 13 ?yourself things, but to give up the unreasonable desire associated with owning them. Nowadays, people need to learn to 14 ?their daily lives. Buy only the necessities and 15 ?items, regularly 16 ?things you don't need any more, then you'll get freedom in your heart.??? However, it doesn't mean that you should 17 ?your desire and live a less interesting life. Instead, you should 18 ?yourself rather than material goods. Through 19 what to buy and what to get rid of, you can see a deeper reflection of yourself 20 ?learning to make wise decisions about more important things.
1. A. prevents
B. follows
C. starts
D. promotes
2. A. expectation
B. wealth
C. satisfaction
D. relief
3. A. emptiness
B. needs
C. silence
D. space
4. A. measures
B. covers
C. relieves
D. indicates
5. A. limit
B. alternative
C. solution
D. introduction
6. A. meaning
B. abolishing
C. violating
D. predicting
7. A. updated
B. temporary
C. used
D. unnecessary
8. A. private
B. material
C. valuable
D. popular
9. A. prove
B. permit
C. decide
D. affect
10. A. guarantee
B. consideration
C. control
D. discussion
11. A. change
B. create
C. provide
D. enter
12. A. need
B. try
C. want
D. match
13. A. deny
B. prepare
C. spare
D. serve
14. A. fix
B. risk
C. enrich
D. simplify
15. A. special
B. cheap
C. suitable
D. optional
16. A. discover
B. recycle
C. update
D. abandon
17. A. fuel
B. identify
C. kill
D. balance
18. A. reflect on
B. focus on
C. give up
D. cheer up
19. A. choosing
B. avoiding
C. comparing
D. mentioning
20. A. rather
B. otherwise
C. therefore
D. still
【答案】1.B；2.C；3.A；4.D；5.C；6.A；7.D；8.B；9.C；10.B；11.D；12.A；13.A；14.D；15.C；16.D；17.C；18.B；19.A；20.C；
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，每逢双十一，人们往往疯狂的网上购物。疯狂购物过后，随之而来的并不是满意，而是后悔。因为许多人买东西，仅仅是为了填充他们内心的空虚。但是，逐渐积累的东西实际上表明了他们思想的负担。 Danshari可能为这个问题提供解决方法。1.考查动词辨析及语境理解。根据“but regret”可知但是一般跟在疯狂购物之后的，不是满意。prevents“阻止”；follows“跟随”；starts“开始”；promotes“提升”。 故答案选B。2.考查名词辨析及语境理解。根据“but regret”可知但是一般跟在疯狂购物之后的，不是满意。expectation“ 期盼”；wealth “财富”； satisfaction“满意”；relief“安慰”。 故答案选C。3.考查名词辨析及语境理解。那是因为许多人买东西，仅仅是为了填充他们内心的空虚。emptiness “空虚”；needs“需要”； silence “沉默”；space“空间”。 故答案选A。4.考查动词辨析及语境理解。但是，逐渐积累的东西实际上表明了他们思想的负担。measures “测量”； covers“覆盖”；relieves “解除”； indicates“表明”。 故答案选D。5.考查名词辨析及语境理解。Danshari的想法可能为这个问题提供解决方法。limit“限制”；alternative “供替代的选择”； solution “解决”；introduction“介绍”。 故答案选C。6.考查动词辨析及语境理解。Danshari意思是拒绝、清除和分离。meaning“意思是”； abolishing“废除”； violating“违背”；predicting“预测”。 故答案选A。7.考查形容词辨析及语境理解。它提升了这样的观点：除去不必要的东西，使自己从拥有物质财富的内驱力中分离出来。updated “更新的”； temporary “暂时的”；used “使用的”；unnecessary“不必要的”。 故答案选D。8.考查形容词辨析及语境理解。它提升了这样的观点：除去不必要的东西，使自己从拥有物质财富的内驱力中分离出来。private“私人的”；material“物质的”；valuable“ 有价值的”；popular“流行的”。 故答案选B。9.考查动词辨析及语境理解。有两个基本的原则决定你是否应该保持一些东西。prove“证明”；permit“允许”；decide“ 决定”； affect“影响”。 故答案选C。10.考查名词辨析及语境理解。你和这件商品的关系在考虑中。under consideration固定短语，“在考虑之中的”，故答案选B。11.考查动词辨析及语境理解。所以在输入你的付款密码买东西之前，问你自己两个问题。change “改变”； create “创造”；provide“提供”；enter“进入”。故答案选D。12.考查动词辨析及语境理解。我现在需要吗？它适合我吗？need“需要”； try“尝试”； want“想要”； match“匹配”。 故答案选A。13.考查动词辨析及语境理解。Danshari不仅鼓励你自己拒绝物质的要求。deny“拒绝.....的要求”； prepare “准备”；spare“节约”；serve“招待”。 故答案选A。14.考查动词辨析及语境理解。当今，人们需要学会简化他们的日常生活。fix “固定”；risk “冒.....的危险”； enrich “使充实”； simplify“简化”。 故答案选D。15.考查形容词辨析及语境理解。仅仅买有必要的和适当的物品。special “特别的”； cheap“便宜的”； suitable“ 适当的”； optional“可选择的”。 故答案选C。16.考查动词辨析及语境理解。经常地放弃你不再需要的东西。discover “发现”； recycle“使再循环”； update“? 更新”； abandon“放弃”。 故答案选D。17.考查动词辨析及语境理解。然而，那并不意味着你应该扼杀你的欲望，过一种无趣的生活。fuel“供以燃料，加燃料”；identify“识别”； kill“扼杀”； balance“使平衡”。 故答案选C。18.考查动词短语。相反，你应该关注你自己，而不是一些物质的东西。reflect on“思考”；focus on “关注”；give up“放弃”； cheer up“高兴起来”。 故答案选B。19.考查动词辨析及语境理解。通过选择买什么和去掉什么，你可以看到一个更深层的自己。choosing “ 选择”； avoiding“避免”； comparing“比较”；mentioning“提到”。 故答案选A。20.考查副词辨析及语境理解。因此，学会对更重要的事情做明智的决定。rather“宁愿”；otherwise“ 否则”；therefore “因此”； still“仍然”。 故答案选C。
3.（宁夏石嘴山市第三中学2018届高三下学期英语第三次模拟考试试卷）
At age 14, 15 and 16, the way we looked was the most important thing in the world to us. My friends and I wanted nothing less than perfection.??? In high school, we joined the gymnastics team, and our 1 became even more important to us. We had no fat, only muscle. On the weekends, we would go to the beach, ? 2 ?of our flat stomachs.??? One summer day, all my friends were at my house? 3 . At one point, I was running back to the pool. I 4 ?on a bee, and while it was dying under my foot, it stung (蛰) me. I instantly started to feel 5 . That night, I began to run a high fever and my leg and foot were red, hot and swollen. I couldn't walk. I could barely 6 .??? When my foot started to go numb, everyone became more 7 . My foot was not getting enough blood. I had to go to the hospital, and my leg 8 ?as if it were badly broken. I couldn't move. All I could do was think about how soft my middle was becoming. That ? 9 ?me more than any concern over my leg.??? That would all 10 when I heard the doctors mention possibly cutting off my foot. It was still not getting the 11 supply it needed. The doctors would have to speed up their treatment.??? Never before did I have such great 12 ?for my foot. And walking seemed like a 13 from the gods. Less and less I wanted to hear my friends talk about 14 ?and who was wearing what. More and more I expected visits from other kids in the hospital, who were quickly becoming my friends.??? One girl came to visit me 15 . Every time she came, she brought flowers. She was recovering from cancer and felt she should come back and 16 ?the other patients.??? She still had no hair, and she was swollen from the medications she had been taking. I would not have given this girl a second 17 ?before. I now loved every inch of her and looked forward to her 18 .??? Finally, I was improving and soon I went home. My leg was still swollen, 19 ?I was walking, and I had my foot! When I would go back to the hospital, I often saw my friend. She was still visiting people and 20 good cheer. I thought if there was an angel on this earth, it had to be her.
1. A. grades????? ?
B. brains????
C. bodies????? ???
D. clothes
2. A. ashamed???
B. proud? ????????
C. sure? ?
D. tired
3. A. dancing??? ????
B. chatting???
C. jogging????
D. swimming
4. A. stepped???????
B. focused???
C. held ???
D. took
5. A. upset??????? ?
B. fearful??????
C. sick??????
D. anxious
6. A. jump?? ?????
B. run???????
C. stand????
D. rest
7. A. concerned??? ?????
B. relieved????
C. surprised ???
D. interested
8. A. harmed???
B. hurt?????
C. wounded??
D. injured
9. A. blamed??????
B. impressed?????
C. shocked ???
D. troubled
10. A. change ?????
B. bother????? ??
C. help????
D. happen
11. A. nutrition????
B. blood??? ??
C. time??????
D. air
12. A. observation????
B. devotion ????
C. appreciation???
D. evaluation
13. A. gift??????? ?
B. hand?
C. promise????
D. treat
14. A. homework??
B. appointment?
C. movies?
D. gymnastics
15. A. suddenly????? ?
B. regularly?????
C. eventually??? ??
D. recently
16. A. advise? ????????
B. encourage???
C. serve????
D. instruct
17. A. choice???? ??
B. thought????
C. glance????? ??
D. chance
18. A. words??????
B. ideas????? ?
C. flowers? ???
D. visits
19. A. but???????
B. then????? ?
C. so???
D. for
20. A. enjoying??? ?????
B. gaining????
C. discovering???
D. spreading
【答案】1.C；2.B；3.D；4.A；5.C；6.C；7.A；8.B；9.D；10.A；11.B；12.C；13.A；14.D；15.B；16.B；17.C；18.D；19.A；20.D；
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是14岁，15岁和16岁，对我们来说世界上最重要的东西就是我们看起来的样子。上高中参加了体操队，“我”们的身体对“我”们来说更重要。1.考查名词词义辨析。grade分数；brain大脑；body身体；clothes衣服。由上下文可知，“我”们参加了体操队。我们身上只有肌肉，没有脂肪。故可推知，“我”们的身体对我们来说更重要。故答案选C。2.考查形容词词义辨析。Ashamed羞愧的；proud骄傲的，自豪的；sure肯定的；tired疲惫的。由上文可知，作者练习体操。身体非常重要，所以他们对自己扁平的腹部很骄傲。故答案选B。3.考查动词词义辨析。dance跳舞；chat聊天；jog慢跑；swim游泳。下一句提到，作者跑回到游泳池中。由此可知，她的朋友们到作者家来游泳。故答案选D。4.考查动词词义辨析。step跨步，迈步，踩；focus（使）集中，（使）聚集；hold拿，握；take拿走，取走。由语境可知，作者踩住了一只蜜蜂。故答案选A。5.考查形容词词义辨析。upset心烦的，苦恼的；fearful害怕的，恐惧的；sick生病的，恶心的；anxious渴望的，焦虑的。由上文可知，作者被蜜蜂蜇了，晚上就发高烧。由此可知，作者刚被咬了，马上就感觉非常不舒服。故答案选C。6.考查动词词义辨析。jump跳；run跑；stand站；rest休息。由上文可知，腿和脚红肿，作者不能走路，所以可以推知作者几乎不能站立。故答案选C。7.考查形容词词义辨析。concerned关心的，担心的；relieved感到宽慰的；surprised惊讶的；interested感兴趣的。由语境可知，当作者的脚没有了知觉时，所有的人更加担心（作者了）。故答案选A。8.考查名词词义辨析。beach海滩；hospital医院；gym体育馆；school学校。由语境可知，作者的脚步的伤势越来越严重，作者不得不去医院。故答案选B。9.考查动词词义辨析。blame责备；impress给……留下印象；shock使震惊；trouble使烦恼。上一句提到，作者的腰越来越软（越无力），由此可知，这种情况使作者更烦恼，超过了腿部带给她的烦恼。故答案选D。10.考查动词词义辨析。change改变；bother使烦恼，使担忧；help帮助；happen发生。由语境可知，作者听到医生说要将她的脚截去，在这种情况下，一切将会发生变化。故答案选A。11.考查名词词义辨析。nutrition营养；blood血；time时间；air空气。第三段提到作者的脚步得不到足够的血液。由该句中的still可知，作者的脚仍然得不到足够的血液，故答案选B。12.考查名词词义辨析。observation观察；devotion贡献，献身；appreciation欣赏，感激，了解；evaluation评估。由语境可知，作者的脚受伤，不能行走。这时，作者才意识到脚的重要性，感激自己的脚可以让自己的行走。由此可知，以前作者从未如此感激自己的脚。故答案选C。13.考查名词词义辨析。gift礼物；hand手；promise诺言；treat治疗。由上文可知，作者行走不容易，故走路对作者而言就像是来自于上帝的礼物。故答案选A。14.考查名词词义辨析。homework作业；appointment约定，约会；movie电影；gymnastics体操。由语境可知，作者的脚受伤，无法行动，更无法像以前那样练习体操。所以作者越来越不愿意听到朋友们谈论和体操有关的东西。故答案选D。15.考查副词词义辨析。suddenly突然；regularly定期地，有规律地；eventually最后，最终；recently最近，近来。由下文every time可知，有一个女孩子经常来看作者。故答案选B。16. 考查动词词义辨析。advise建议；encourage鼓励；serve为……服务；instruct指示，指导，命令。上文提到，这个女孩子正在从癌症中康复过来。所以她认为自己应该回医院鼓励其他病人。最后一个空后面的“good cheer” 亦是呼应。故答案选B。17.考查名词词义辨析。choice选择；thought想法；glance一瞥；chance机会。下一句提到作者现在非常喜欢这个女孩子的到来。故可推知，以前（在作者脚未受伤之前），她对这个女孩子肯定不屑一顾，不会在意她。故答案选C。18.考查名词词义辨析。word词；idea想法，主意；flower花；visit看望，访问，参观。由上一句可知，作者喜欢这个女孩子，盼望她来看望自己。故答案选D。19.考查连词词义辨析。but但是，then是副词，然后，那么；so所以，因为；for 因为。由下一句“I had my foot”可知，作者的脚伤溅愈。所以前后两句话之间是转折关系：尽管我的脚仍然肿胀，但是我可以行走了。故答案选A。20.考查动词词义辨析。enjoy喜欢，欣赏；gain获得；discover发现；spread（使）传播，扩散。由语境可知，女孩子到医院来鼓励其他病人，相当于是将勇气传播给人们，故答案选D。4.（河南省信阳高中2018届高三下学期英语最新高考信息卷（一））??? As a child, I was always told to “eat my greens”. These were the unappealing vegetables that sat on the edge of my plate. Peas, and green beans, all looked and tasted 1 . Let's face it, when there were so many other delicious treats to 2 ?why eat boring vegetables???? Since then my taste buds have 3 and I'm also fully aware of the health benefits of eating fresh vegetables. But we still need 4 ?of the amazing goodness these green super foods give us. In the UK, a campaign has been 5 for several years to encourage us to eat our “5 A Day”—five portions of fruit and vegetables. That's 6 evidence has shown there are significant health 7 ?to getting at least five 80g portions of a variety of fruit and vegetables every day.??? But I struggle trying to fit these five portions into my daily 8 ?partly because I have a sweet 9 ?and vegetables are, well, tasteless. Researchers have been 10 ?how to make eating vegetables more 11 . They analysed the psychology behind our food 12 ?and found that most of us are 13 ?by taste. Brad Turnwald from Stanford University says that “studies show that people 14 ?to think of healthier options as less tasty for some reason.”??? In Europe, a project called VeggieEAT has also been trying to find ways to get people to 15 more vegetables. Project leader, Professor Heather Hartwell believes in 16 ?encouraging people into eating the right things. One idea has been to put a 17 ?of a tasty looking fruit on a supermarket trolley as a 18 ?about buying something from the fruit store. She says, “Choice is a really 19 ?thing. But making vegetables look attractive will increase their sales.”??? Certainly, eating “twisted citrus-glazed carrots” does sound tempting, even if it just 20 like a carrot, but if it makes us eat more vegetables then that can only be a good thing for our health.
1. A. delicious
B. disgusting
C. ripen
D. sweet
2. A. buy
B. prepare
C. enjoy
D. offer
3. A. developed
B. appeared
C. existed
D. shrank
4. A. talking
B. informing
C. reminding
D. warning
5. A. planning
B. running
C. aiming
D. intending
6. A. why
B. how
C. when
D. because
7. A. needs
B. issues
C. benefits
D. risks
8. A. diet
B. education
C. work
D. exercise
9. A. tendency
B. tooth
C. preference
D. appetite
10. A. showing
B. discovering
C. reporting
D. studying
11. A. attractive
B. appropriate
C. beneficial
D. independent
12. A. wastes
B. values
C. choices
D. judgments
13. A. confused
B. disturbed
C. challenged
D. motivated
14. A. manage
B. tend
C. agree
D. decide
15. A. grow
B. harvest
C. store
D. eat
16. A. suddenly
B. slowly
C. firmly
D. seriously
17. A. picture
B. lot
C. variety
D. number
18. A. sign
B. concern
C. hint
D. clue
19. A. complex
B. easy
C. quick
D. casual
20. A. looks
B. smells
C. feels
D. tastes
【答案】1.B；2.C；3.A；4.C；5.B；6.D；7.C；8.A；9.B；10.D；11.A；12.C；13.D；14.B；15.D；16.B；17.A；18.C；19.A；20.D；
【解析】 本文是一篇说明文。本文以自己为例讲述了吃蔬菜虽然对身体有很多益处，但不可口。所以一些研究结构想出一些办法来促进人们的蔬菜消费。
1.考查形容词及语篇理解。由These were the unappealing vegetables that sat on the edge of my plate.可知，这些菜看起来尝起来都很令人厌恶。A. delicious美味的；B. disgusting令人厌恶的；C. ripen成熟；D. sweet甜的。故答案选B。2.考查动词及语篇理解。句意：有那么多美味的食品可以享受，为什么要吃这些令人厌烦的蔬菜？A. buy买；B. prepare准备；C. enjoy享受；D. offer提供。故答案选C。3.考查动词及语篇理解。句意：从那时起，我的味蕾发展了，并且我也充分意识到吃新鲜蔬菜的好处。A. developed发展；B. appeared出现；C. existed存在；D. shrank收缩。故答案选A。4.考查动词及语篇理解。句意：我们仍需记得这些绿色“超级食品”给我们的身体带来的惊人益处。A. talking谈话；B. informing通知；C. reminding提醒；D. warning警告。remind of提醒；使记起。故答案选C。5.考查动词及语篇理解。句意：在英国一项活动被运行了好几年。A. planning计划；B. running运转；C. aiming旨在；D. intending打算。故答案选B。6.考查连词及语篇理解。句意：这是因为有证据表明，人们每天至少食用5份80g的水果和蔬菜会对健康有很大益处。A. why为什么；B. how如何；C. when当……时；D. because因为。故答案选D。7.考查名词及语篇理解。句意：这是因为有证据表明，人们每天至少食用5份80g的水果和蔬菜会对健康有很大益处。A. needs需要；B. issues问题；C. benefits益处；D. risks风险。故答案选C。8.考查名词及语篇理解。句意：但我仍在努力把这5份果蔬纳入到我的日常饮食中，部分原因是我爱吃甜食，而且觉得蔬菜很无味。A. diet饮食；B. education教育；C. work工作；D. exercise练习。故答案选A。9.考查固定短语及语篇理解。句意：但我仍在努力把这5份果蔬纳入到我的日常饮食中，部分原因是我爱吃甜食，而且觉得蔬菜很无味。have a sweet tooth喜欢吃甜食，是固定用法，故答案选B。10.考查动词及语篇理解。句意：研究人员一直在研究如何让蔬菜更具吸引力。A. showing展示；B. discovering发现；C. reporting报告；D. studying研究。故答案选D。11.考查形容词及语篇理解。句意：研究人员一直在研究如何让蔬菜更具吸引力。A. attractive吸引人的；B. appropriate适当的；C. beneficial有益的；D. independent独立的。故答案选A。12.考查名词及语篇理解。句意：他们分析了我们选择食物时的心理，发现大部分人都是受味道的驱使。A. wastes废物；B. values价值；C. choices选择；D. judgments判断。故答案选C。13.考查动词及语篇理解。句意：他们分析了我们选择食物时的心理，发现大部分人都是受味道的驱使。A. confused困惑；B. disturbed打扰；C. challenged挑战；D. motivated驱使。故答案选D。14.考查动词及语篇理解。句意：斯坦福大学的布拉德·图恩瓦尔德说：“研究表明，人们会倾向于认为更健康的食物更难吃。”A. manage管理；B. tend倾向；C. agree同意；D. decide决定。故答案选B。15.考查动词及语篇理解。句意：在欧洲，名为VeggieEAT的项目一直在尝试找出能让人们多吃蔬菜的方式。A. grow生长；B. harvest收获；C. store储存；D. eat吃。故答案选D。16.考查副词及语篇理解。句意：该项目领导者希瑟·哈特韦尔教授认为慢慢地推动人们进食正确的食物。A. suddenly突然地；B. slowly缓慢地；C. firmly坚定地；D. seriously认真地。故答案选B。17.考查名词及语篇理解。句意：其中一个想法是，把看起来很美味的水果图片放在超市的购物车上，以此来暗示消费者去水果区域购买东西。A. picture图片；B. lot许多；C. variety多样；D. number数。故答案选A。18.考查名词及语篇理解。句意：其中一个想法是，把看起来很美味的水果图片放在超市的购物车上，以此来暗示消费者去水果区域购买东西。A. sign符号；B. concern关心；C. hint暗示；D. clue线索。故答案选C。19.考查形容词及语篇理解。句意：她说：“选择是一件非常复杂的事情。但这项研究表明，给蔬菜贴上诱人的标签有助于提高其等级。”A. complex复杂的；B. easy容易的；C. quick快的；D. casual随便的。故答案选A。20.考查动词及语篇理解。句意：当然了，“橘汁胡萝卜”这菜名听起来确实很诱人，虽然吃起来像是胡萝卜，但是如果它能让我们多吃蔬菜，那么它就是有益身体的食物。A. looks看起来；B. smells闻起来；C. feels感觉；D. tastes吃起来。故答案选D。5.（普通高等学校2018届高三招生全国统一考试英语模拟试卷（三））??? The following is a beautiful speech by Sundar Pichai, a senior executive at a big IT company. At a 1 ?a cockroach (蟑螂) suddenly flew from somewhere and sat on a lady. She started 2 ?out of fear. With a panic-stricken face and trembling voice, she started jumping, with both her hands 3 ?trying to get rid of the cockroach. Her 4 was contagious (传染的), as everyone in her group also got 5 .The lady finally managed to push the cockroach away but it 6 on another lady in the group.??? Now, it was the 7 of the other lady in the group to 8 ?the drama. The waiter rushed forward to their 9 .In the relay of throwing, the cockroach next fell upon the waiter. The waiter stood 10 calmed himself and observed the behavior of the cockroach on his shirt. When he was 11 ?enough, he grabbed it with his fingers and 12 ?it out of the restaurant.??? Sipping my coffee and watching the amusement, I picked up a few thoughts and started wondering 13 ?the cockroach was responsible for their behavior. If so, then why was the waiter not 14 .He handled it near to perfection, without any 15 It was not the cockroach, but the 16 of the ladies to handle the disturbances caused by the cockroach that disturb the ladies. I 17 that, it is not the shouting of my father or my boss or my wife that disturbs me, but my inability to handle the disturbances 18 by their shouting that disturbs me. It's not the traffic jam on the road that disturbs me 19 ?my inability to handle the disturbances caused by the traffic jam that disturbs me 20 ?than the problem, it's my reaction to the problem that creates chaos in my life.
1. A. hotel
B. zoo
C. school
D. restaurant
2. A. pointing
B. jumping
C. checking
D. screaming
3. A. separately
B. elegantly
C. desperately
D. carefully
4. A. reaction
B. surprise
C. settlement
D. excitement
5. A. angry
B. anxious
C. ready
D. steady
6. A. stepped
B. died
C. landed
D. took
7. A. turn
B. right
C. power
D. interest
8. A. finish
B. continue
C. improve
D. increase
9. A. side
B. scene
C. rescue
D. relative
10. A. back
B. alone
C. firm
D. aside
11. A. confident
B. certain
C. brave
D. strong
12. A. pushed
B. threw
C. brought
D. helped
13. A. how
B. that
C. whether
D. why
14. A. defeated
B. overcome
C. welcomed
D. disturbed
15. A. panic
B. hesitation
C. pause
D. delay
16. A. inability
B. fear
C. trouble
D. doubt
17. A. expected
B. realized
C. included
D. argued
18. A. ignored
B. concerned
C. caused
D. dealt
19. A. and
B. but
C. or
D. just
20. A. Better
B. More
C. Worse
D. Truer
【答案】1.D；2.D；3.C；4.A；5.B；6.C；7.A；8.B；9.C；10.C；11.A；12.B；13.C；14.D；15.A；16.A；17.B；18.C；19.B；20.B；
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，不同人对蟑螂的不同态度，说明不是问题本身，而是缺乏处理问题的能力在干扰我们，扰乱了我们的生活。1.考查名词辨析及语境理解。A. hotel“旅馆”；B. zoo“动物园”；C. school“学校”；D. restaurant“饭馆”。根据下文“The waiter和out of the restaurant.”可知事情发生在饭店，故答案选D。2.考查动词辨析及语境理解。A. pointing“指着”；B. jumping“跳”；C. checking“检查”；D. screaming”尖叫”。蟑螂飞向女士，根据“With a panic-stricken face and trembling voice”可知女士惊慌失措，大声尖叫。故答案选D。3.考查副词辨析及语境理解。A. separately“单独地”；B. elegantly“优美地”；C. desperately“拼命地”；D. carefully“小心地”。此处指女士惊慌失措的脸和颤抖的声音跳起来，双手拼命地想摆脱蟑螂。故答案选C。4.考查名词辨析及语境理解。A. reaction“反应”；B. surprise“惊奇”；C. settlement“解决”；D. excitement“兴奋”。女士对蟑螂的反应有传染性，周围的人都变得焦虑起来。故答案选A。5.考查形容词辨析及语境理解。A. angry“生气的”；B. anxious“焦虑的”；C. ready”准备好的”；D. steady“稳定的”。女士对蟑螂的反应有传染性，周围的每个人都变得焦虑起来。故答案选B。6.考查动词辨析及语境理解。A. stepped“踏”；B. died“死亡”；C. landed”落在”；D. took”拿，取”。这位女士成功地赶走了蟑螂，但蟑螂又落在了另一个女士身上。故答案选C。7.考查名词辨析及语境理解。A. turn“行为，举止”；B. right“正确”；C. power“力量”；D. interest“兴趣”。因为蟑螂落在了另一个女士身上，所以刚才驱赶蟑螂的行为又在那位女士身上重演。故答案选A。8.考查动词辨析及语境理解。A. finish“结束”；B. continue“继续”；C. improve“提高”；D. increase“增加”。此处指继续驱赶蟑螂，故答案选B。9.考查名词辨析及语境理解。A. side“旁边”；B. scene“场面”；C. rescue“营救”；D. relative“亲戚”。服务员赶紧跑过来营救，指来帮助女士们驱赶蟑螂。故答案选C。10.考查副词辨析及语境理解。A. back“向后地”；B. alone“独自地”；C. firm“坚定地”；D. aside“在旁边”。此处指蟑螂扑向服务员，他坚定地站着，冷静地观察衬衫上的蟑螂。指坚定地站着，故答案选C。11.考查形容词辨析及语境理解。A. confident“自信的”；B. certain“确定的”；C. brave“勇敢的”；D. strong“强壮的”。当服务员有足够的自信时，他用手指抓住蟑螂扔出了饭店。故答案选A。12.考查动词辨析及语境理解。A. pushed“推”；B. threw“扔”；C. brought“带来”；D. helped“帮助”。此处指服务员把蟑螂扔出了饭店，故答案选B。13.考查连词辨析及语境理解。A. how“怎样”；B. that“以至于”；C. whether“是否”；D. why“为什么”。我听完演讲开始想是否蟑螂要对他们的行为负责，表示是否，故答案选C。14.考查动词辨析及语境理解。A. defeated“被击败”；B. overcome“克服”；C. welcomed“欢迎”；D. disturbed“干扰”。此处指为什么服务员没有被干扰，没有向他们那样大呼小叫。指被干扰，故答案选D。15.考查名词辨析及语境理解。A. panic“恐慌”；B. hesitation“犹豫”；C. pause“暂停”；D. delay“耽搁”。此处指服务员没有恐慌，近乎完美地处理了这件事。由上文服务员抓蟑螂的叙述“The waiter stood __10__, calmed himself and observed the behavior of the cockroach”可知，故答案选A。16.考查名词辨析及语境理解。A. inability“无能力”；B. fear“害怕”；C. trouble“麻烦”；D. doubt“怀疑”。这不是蟑螂，而是女士们无能力处理蟑螂造成的干扰，打扰了女士们。指上文女士们大呼小叫，对蟑螂无能为力的事实。与下文“my inability to handle the disturbances”呼应，故答案选A。.17.考查动词辨析及语境理解。A. expected“期望”；B. realized“意识到”；C. included“包括”；D. argued“争论”。此处指我意识到，不是父亲、老板、妻子对我的喊叫干扰我，而是我没有能力处理他们的叫喊带来的干扰。指意识到的哲理，故答案选B。18.考查动词辨析及语境理解。A. ignored“忽视”；B. concerned“关心”；C. caused“引起”；D. dealt“处理”。此处指由他们的喊叫引起的干扰，与上文“the disturbances caused by the cockroach“和下文“disturbances caused by the traffic jam”呼应，故答案选C。19.考查连词辨析及语境理解。A. and“和”；B. but“但是”；C. or“或者”；D. just“刚刚”。与上文“but the ___16___ of the ladies和but my inability to handle the disturbances”呼应，与上句形成转折，故答案选B。20.考查形容词辨析及语境理解。A. Better“更好”；B. More“更多”；C. Worse“更糟”；D. Truer“更真实”。不只是问题，而是我对问题的反应，会给我的生活带来混乱。more than“不只是”，故答案选B。
6.（安徽省安庆市2018届高三英语第二次模拟考试试卷）
??? During the Nov.11 shopping event，many people tend to buy more than they need because of sales promotions or just plain urge.But what normally 1 ?the shopping spree(疯狂购物)is not 2 but regret.That's because many people just buy things to fill the 3 in their hearts，but accumulating things actually 4 ?the burden in their minds.??? The concept of Danshari may provide a(n) 5 to the problem.Danshari was based on three Chinese characters，duan she li 6 refusal，disposal(清除)and separation.It promotes the idea of getting rid of 7 things and separating oneself from the drive to own 8 ?possessions.There are two basic rules that 9 ??whether you should keep something—the relationship between you and the item under 10 as well as the timing.So before you 11 your payment password for something，ask yourself two questions：Do I 12 ?it now? Does it suit me???? Danshari encourages you not only to 13 ?yourself things，but to give up the unreasonable desire associated with owning them.Nowadays，people need to learn to 14 their daily lives.Buy only the necessities and 15 items，regularly 16 ?things you don't need any more，then you'll get freedom in your heart.??? However，it doesn't mean that you should 17 your desire and live a less interesting life.Instead，you should 18 ?yourself rather than material goods.Through 19 what to buy and what to get rid of，you can see a deeper reflection of yourself 20 ?learning to make wise decisions about more important things.
1. A. prevents
B. follows
C. starts
D. promotes
2. A. expectation
B. wealth
C. satisfaction
D. relief
3. A. emptiness
B. needs
C. silence
D. space
4. A. measures
B. covers
C. relieves
D. indicates
5. A. 1imit
B. alternative
C. solution
D. introduction
6. A. meaning
B. abolishing
C. violating
D. predicting
7. A. updated
B. temporary
C. used
D. unnecessary
8. A. private
B. material
C. valuable
D. popular
9. A. prove
B. permit
C. decide
D. affect
10. A. guarantee
B. consideration
C. control
D. discussion
11. A. change
B. create
C. provide
D. enter
12. A. need
B. try
C. want
D. match
13. A. deny
B. prepare
C. spare
D. serve
14. A. fix
B. risk
C. enrich
D. simplify
15. A. special
B. cheap
C. suitable
D. optional
16. A. discover
B. recycle
C. update
D. abandon
17. A. fuel
B. identify
C. kill
D. balance
18. A. reflect on
B. focus on
C. give up
D. cheer up
19. A. choosing
B. avoiding
C. comparing
D. mentioning
20. A. rather
B. otherwise
C. therefore
D. still
【答案】1.B；2.C；3.A；4.D；5.C；6.A；7.D；8.B；9.C；10.B；11.D；12.A；13.A；14.D；15.C；16.D；17.C；18.B；19.A；20.C；
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，双十一，人们疯狂的网上购物，随之而来的是后悔。因为许多人买东西，仅仅是为了填充他们内心的空虚。但是，逐渐积累的东西实际上表明了他们思想的负担。“断舍离”的想法可能为这个问题提供解决方法。1.考查动词辨析及语境理解。由but regret可知但是一般跟在疯狂购物之后的，不是满意。prevents“阻止”；follows“跟随”；starts“开始” ；promotes“提升”。 故答案选B。2.考查名词辨析及语境理解。由but regret可知但是一般跟在疯狂购物之后的，不是满意。expectation“ 期盼”；wealth “财富”； satisfaction“满意”；relief“安慰”。 故答案选C。3.考查名词辨析及语境理解。那是因为许多人买东西，仅仅是为了填充他们内心的空虚。emptiness “空虚”； needs“需要”； silence “沉默”； space“空间”。 故答案选A。4.考查动词辨析及语境理解。但是，逐渐积累的东西实际上表明了他们思想的负担。measures “测量”； covers“覆盖”；relieves “解除”； indicates“表明”。 故答案选D。5.考查名词辨析及语境理解。“断舍离”的想法可能为这个问题提供解决方法。limit“限制”；alternative?? “ 供替代的选择”； solution “解决”；introduction“介绍”。 故答案选C。6.考查动词辨析及语境理解。“断舍离”意思是拒绝、清除和分离。meaning“意思是”； abolishing“废除”； violating“违背”；predicting“预测”。 故答案选A。7. 考查形容词辨析及语境理解。它提升了这样的观点：除去不必要的东西，使自己从拥有物质财富的内驱力中分离出来。updated “更新”； temporary“ 暂时的”；used “使用的”；unnecessary“不必要的”。 故答案选D。8.考查形容词辨析及语境理解。它提升了这样的观点：除去不必要的东西，使自己从拥有物质财富的内驱力中分离出来。private“私人的”；material“物质的”；valuable “有价值的”；popular“流行的”。 故答案选B。9. 考查动词辨析及语境理解。有两个基本的原则决定你是否应该保持一些东西。prove“证明”；permit“允许”；decide “决定”； affect“影响”。 故答案选C。10.考查名词辨析及语境理解。你和这件商品的关系在考虑中。under consideration固定短语，“在考虑之中的”， 故答案选B。11.考查动词辨析及语境理解。所以在输入你的付款密码买东西之前，问你自己两个问题。change “改变”； create“ 创造”；provide“提供”；enter“进入”。 故答案选D。12.考查动词辨析及语境理解。我现在需要吗？它适合我吗？need“需要”； try“尝试”； want“想要”；match”匹配”。 故答案选A。13.考查动词辨析及语境理解。“断舍离”不仅鼓励你自己拒绝物质的要求。deny“拒绝......的要求”； prepare“ 准备”；spare“节约”；serve“招待”。 故答案选A。14.考查动词辨析及语境理解。当今，人们需要学会简化他们的日常生活。fix “固定”；risk “冒......的危险”； enrich “使充实”； simplify“简化”。 故答案选D。15.考查形容词辨析及语境理解。仅仅买有必要的和适当的物品。special “特别的”； cheap“便宜的”； suitable “ 适当的”； optional“可选择的”。 故答案选C。16.考查动词辨析及语境理解。经常地放弃你不再需要的东西。discover“ 发现”； recycle“使再循环”； update “更新”； abandon“放弃”。 故答案选D。17. 考查动词辨析及语境理解。然而，那并不意味着你应该扼杀你的欲望，过一种无趣的生活。fuel“供以燃料，加燃料”；identify“识别”； kill“扼杀”；balance“使平衡”。 故答案选C。18.考查动词短语。相反，你应该关注你自己，而不是一些物质的东西。reflect on“思考”；focus on“ 关注”；give up“放弃”； cheer up“高兴起来”。 故答案选B。19.考查动词辨析及语境理解。通过选择买什么和去掉什么，你可以看到一个更深层的自己。choosing“ 选择”；avoiding“避免”； comparing“比较”； mentioning“提到”。 故答案选A。20.考查副词辨析及语境理解。因此，学会对更重要的事情做明智的决定。rather“宁愿”；otherwise “否则”；therefore“ 因此”； still“仍然”。 故答案选C。7. （甘肃省兰州市2018届高三英语第二次实战考试试卷）
??? There are too many fat people in America, so many Americans are fighting against overweight. But the 1 thing is that the French, who consume rich food 2 to stay thin. Now a 3 by Cornell University suggests 4 life style and decisions about 5 may affect weight. Researchers concluded that the French tend to stop eating when they feel 6 . However, Americans tend to stop when their 7 are empty or their favorite TV show is over.??? According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a 8 expert, the French see eating 9 an important part of their life style. They enjoy food and therefore spend a 10 time at the table, while Americans see eating as 11 to be squeezed between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans 12 the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French would have 13 .In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and 14 foods for the week. The French 15 tend to shop daily, walking to small shops and farmers' markets where they have a 16 of fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal.??? After a visi