专题六 非谓语动词（解析版）
非谓语动词一直是高考的重要考查知识点，逢考必有。在单项选择、完形填空、单词拼写
(无听力版)和短文改错中都有体现。高考中非谓语动词的考查主要有以下几个方面：
不定式、现在分词和过去分词作后置定语的区别；
不定式的完成式、进行式和被动式的用法；
现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别；
现在分词作伴随状语、结果状语和不定式表目的和结果状语的区别；
动名词作主语和宾语的用法；
动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语的区别。
其中有关分词和不定式的相关考查仍是今后高考命题的热点。
考查非谓语动词用作主语的问题
【考例1】（2018·北京3）_________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣且有益的经历。 根据题干可知, ????along the old Silk Road是主语部分,设空处应用动名词形式,表示“沿古老的丝绸之路旅行”这一行为,故选择B项。having traveled 是完成式,表示发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的行为,不符合语境。 故答案选B。
【考例2】.(2018北京海淀区二模,3)Personally speaking, ????the grand blueprint into reality is a long process.
A. turning B. turn C. turned D. having turned
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词作主语。句意:就个人而言,实现这一宏伟蓝图是一个长期的过程。由句子结构可知,系动词is前,即设空处所在的短语“ ????the grand blueprint into reality”作主语,故用动名词形式,选A。
【考例3】(2018天津部分区高三质量调查二,9)It’s important for your computer software ????regularly.
A. to have updated B. to be updated
C .to update D. to have been updated
??【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:定期更新计算机软件是很重要的。It’s important for sth. to do/to be done是固定用法,其中的it为形式主语,不定式复合结构作真正的主语。如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式要用被动式to be done;若表示动作先于另一动作之前,则用完成式to have done。此处software与update“更新”之间是被动关系且没有“动作的先后关系”,故选B。
【考例4】(2016江苏)______ a new house is impossible for the young couple because they haven't saved enough money．
A．Buy B．Buying C．Bought D．Having bought
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：对年轻的夫妇来说买一个新房子是不可能的，因为他们没有攒够足够的钱。这里的is impossible是谓语，前面的内容是主语，用动名词做主语，所以选B。
【方法探究】 分析句子，弄清句子成分。同时兼顾固定句型结构和动词不定式作主语与动名词做主语之间的区别。
★知识链接★
动名词作主语往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验。有时候用it作形式主语，常用于
1)It’s no use/good/useless/of little use/useful/worth/a waste of time doing等句式中。
It is no use sending him over．It's too late already.派他去没用，已经太晚了。
It's no good waiting here. Let's walk home．在这儿等没好处，咱们走回去吧。
It’s no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。
2）“there is no+一ing”结构，其中一ing及其短语作主语。该句型相当于： It is impossible to do sth.例如：
There is no accounting for his action．无法解释他的行为。
There is no joking a bout such matters．这种事开不得玩笑。
There is no knowing where they are going to conduct their research．
无法知道他们打算在何地进行研究。
上述结构常见的还有： there is no saying…(没法说出…),there is no telling…(无可奉告…)，there is no bearing…(无法忍受…)等。
2．不定式作主语往往表示一个具体的动作、一种愿望、目的或未完成的事。
To say something is one thing; to do it is another.说是一回事，做是另一回事。
To make a plan first is a good idea.首先制定一个计划是一个好主意。
通常用形式主语it代替。常见的it代替不定式作形式主语的句型有：
1）It is＋ adj./n.(for sb.) to do sth. 常与for搭配的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，heavy，necessary，impossible，important等。
It is important for us to learn English.学习英语对我们来说很重要。
It is not difficult to find out information about the program..弄清这个节目的情况并不困难。
2）It is ＋adj .of sb.(to do sth.) 常与of搭配的形容词常表主语的性质、特征。这类词有good，kind，nice，clever，wise，foolish，silly，stupid，right，wrong，rude，(im)polite，careless，careful等。
It's wrong of the other children to make fun of you.别的孩子取笑你，这是错误的。
It's silly of you to ask such questions.你提出这样的问题实在太傻了。
二、非谓语动词作表语
【考例1】(2018天津河西区二模,9)The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, ????it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:新科技的目的是使生活更容易。而不是使生活更加困难。此处为并列不定式作表语。由句意可知此处为否定意义。故需用不定式的否定形式。即直接在不定式前加not；故答案选B。
【考例2】While waiting for the opportunity to get ________，Henry did his best to perform his duty.
A．promote B．promoted
C．promoting D．to promote
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为：当等待机会升职的时候，亨利尽最大努力履行他的职责。这里使用了get done结构，表示被动关系。故答案选B。
【考例3】For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying ________.
A．connected B．connecting
C．to connect D．to be connected
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词化的过去分词作表语。句意为：对那些与家人离得比较远的人来说，个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。本句中的关键词是stay(保持)，它是一个连系动词，后接形容词作表语。connected可作形容词，意为“有联系的，有来往的”，符合句意。故答案选A。
方法探究
★知识链接★
1.不定式作表语表示主语的具体内容、目的等。
My goal is to be a scientist.我的目标是当一名科学家。
What strikes me most is to see him always busy.使我感到惊讶的是总看见他很忙碌。
2．动名词作表语表示笼统的、抽象的概念。
My favorite sport is skiing.我最喜欢的运动是滑雪。
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
3．现在分词作表语，多表示主语所具有的特征或性质，意为“令人怎样.......”，含主动意味。如：astonishing，disappointing，exciting，amusing，frightening，interesting，surprising，relaxing，shocking，tiring，worrying，puzzling，moving； 过去分词作表语多表示主语的状态，意为“对什么感受怎样”，有被动意味。如：astonished，disappointed，excited，amused，frightened，interested，surprised，relaxed，shocked，tired，worried，puzzled，moved。例如：
Our trip was disappointing.我们的这次旅行让人失望。
We was disappointed at our trip.我们对这次旅行感到失望。
This story is interesting.这个故事有趣。
I am interested in this story.我对这故事感兴趣。
注意：过去分词作表语和系动词连用，构成系表结构，往往表示主语所处的一种状态，有时候用于“get＋v.-ed”结构中。例如：
I got confused，even bored.我被搞得迷惑了，甚至有点烦了。
三、非谓语动词作宾语
【考例1】（2018·天津12）I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it.
A. to eat；to try B. eating；trying C. eating；to try D. to eat； trying
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语mean to do（打算做），couldn’t help doing忍不住做。故答案选D。
【考例2】(2018江苏南京三模,33)The banker finds it difficult ????just as an ordinary human being at home.
A. to treat B. to be treated C. to have treated D. to have been treated
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位银行家发现在家里很难被当作普通人。题干的核心结构为find it difficult to do sth.，treat 为及物动词，与句子主语为被动关系,故用to be done，故答案选 B。
【考例3】(2018天津红桥区二模,4)The grass in the field has grown so tall that it needs ????.
to cut B. cut C. cutting D. being cut
??【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意:这块地里的草长得太高了，需要修剪了。动词need 后用动名词的主动形式表被动,故选C。
【考例4】(2018天津和平区一模,5)In the modern information age, one can’t avoid ????by various kinds of advertisements.
A. surrounded B. surrounding C. being surrounded D. to be surrounded
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意：在现代信息时代，一个人不可避免地会被各种各样的广告所包围。avoid“避免”要求跟动名词作宾语；逻辑主语one和动词surround之间为被动关系，此处应用动名词的被动形式，故选C。
【考例5】(2016天津十二区县二联,11)Several people deserve ???? for their assistance in providing information for this report.
A. being mentioned B. mentioning C. mentioned D. to mention
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：值得一提的是有几个人为这则报告提供了信息方面的帮助。deserve后面用doing或to be done表示被动意义。故答案选B。
【方法探究】 此类试题要求牢记能接动词不定式或动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语。
★知识链接★
①介词后常常接动词-ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，且前有实义动词do时，不定式就要省略to。例如：
I had no choice but to wait till the manager finished his job.我别无选择，只好等经理完成工作。
I did nothing but write a letter this morning.今天早晨除写了一封信外，我什么都没有做。
He wanted nothing but to have a chance to try it.除了有机会试一试外，他别无所求。
注释：but后接不定式时，何时带to要依据前面动词是否有do而定。即有do不带to,无do要带to.
②下列动词只能接不定式作宾语：
打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect/desire)?；假装(pretend)喜欢(would?like/love/prefer)表祝愿(wish)?
决定(decide)同意(agree)来帮助(help)?；设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse)?
好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt)；?选择(choose)询问(ask)多学习(learn)?
告诉(tell)失败(fail)也付得起(afford)?。
We want to learn some body language.我们想学习一点身势语。
She has decided to go to Guangzhou tomorrow.她已经决定明天去广州。
No one can afford to buy such an expensive suit.没有人能担负起买如此昂贵的服装。
③下列动词或词组只能接动名词作宾语
喜欢考虑不可免（enjoy，consider，escape，avoid）?
停止放弃太冒险（stop，give?up，risk）
承认理解很值得（admit，understand，be?worth）?
反对想象莫推延（mind，imagine，delay，put?off）?
要求完成是期望（require，finish，look?forward?to）?
建议继续勤操练（suggest，go?on，practise）?
不禁原谅要坚持（can’t?help，excuse，insist?on）?
继续注意便成功（keep?on，mind，succeed?in）
I advise waiting a few more days.我建议再等几天。
He tried to escape being punished.他设法逃避惩罚。
We do not allow/permit smoking in the kitchen.我们不允许在厨房里吸烟。
I appreciate being given this opportunity.非常感谢给了我这个机会。
I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.我回避提及这个问题，以免触犯他。
注意：既可接不定式也可接动名词作宾语的动词，但两者意思不同。
mean
forget
remember
regret
try
go on
stop
can’t help
Remember to turn off the lights before you go to bed.临睡前记着关灯。
I remember reading about the earthquake in the papers.我记得在报纸上看到过关于这次地震的消息。
Don’t forget to turn down the gas after an hour or so.别忘了过一个小时左右把煤气关小点儿。
I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.我永不会忘记第一次看见长城的情景。
I regret to say the job has been filled.十分抱歉，那个工作已经有人做了。
I regret saying what I said. I shouldn’t have said it.我懊悔说了那些话。我是不应该这样说的。
④动词不定式与疑问词、介词的连用
（1）decide，find out， forget，know，learn，remember，wonder等动词常接“疑问词+ 动词不定式”这个结构，用作宾语。疑问词一般是what，who（m），where，how，whether，why，which。例如：
Would you teach us how to drive a car? 你愿意教我们如何开车吗？
Let me tell you what to do now.让我来告诉你现在该做什么。
（2）“疑问词+to +动词不定式”结构也可以作主语或表语，注意“to+不定式”只能和whether（不能和if）连用。例如：
How to do next is still a problem.下一步如何做仍然是一个问题。
The trouble is whom to invite.麻烦的是该邀请哪些人。
（3）“疑问词+to+不定式”结构也可作介词宾语。
They are talking about how to do the experiment.他们正在谈论如何做实验。
⑤当宾语是不定式(短语)时，如果其后有宾语补足语，则须用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在补语之后，即：“主语 +谓语 + it +宾补不定式（短语）”。常见的谓语动词有think, make, feel, find, etc.例如：
I don't think it is necessary to buy a bigger computer.我认为没有必要买那个大功能的计算机。
He found it important to study the situation in Russian.他发现研究俄国形势非常重要。
⑥动名词作介词宾语。如：Look forward to， object to， be opposed to， be used to， insist on，prevent......from， depend on，feel like， be fond of，succeed in， be proud of， excuse.......for， put off， give up， refer to， stick to， lead to， thanks to，pay attention to， devote oneself to ，help yourself to， in addition to，be busy in，be afraid of， apologize for 等。例如：
I don't feel like walking very much today.今天我不想走太多的路。
I insist on taking proper food for this expedition.我坚决主张携带适合这次远征的食品。
I look forward to receiving your reply.我期待着收到你的答复。
The Great Green will stop the wind from blowing the earth away.绿色长城将阻止风刮走土。
注意： 动名词前的介词有时可以省略。如： have difficulty (in) doing ; have no trouble (in) doing; lose no time (in) doing; prevent/stop......(from) doing; there is no use (in) doing等。例如：
I have some difficult in pronouncing some of the words in English.我发某些英语单词的音有一些困难。
The heavy rain kept them from going out.大雨阻止了他们外出。
We must stop them (from) making the same mistake again.我们必须防止犯同样的错误。
⑦动词need, want, require,以及 be worth之后动名词的主动语态含有被动的意思，相当于不定式的被动语态。例如：
Our teacher said that the way of study needed improving.老师说我们的这种学习方法需要改进。
These babies will require taking good care of.这些婴儿需要细心照料。
His talk is well worth listening to.他的报告很值得一听。
四、非谓语动词作宾语补足语
【考例1】（2018·天津7）I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.
A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. take
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。 根据题干，my photograph与take为被动关系，故排除A、D两项；being taken表进行，故排除C项，因此用过去分词作宾补。have sth. done意为“让他人为你做某事”，故答案为B项。
【考例2】.(2018天津滨海新区七所重点学校毕业联考,27)Nowadays, more and more Chinese homes have the technology and equipment ????to do online shopping.
A．needed B. needing C. need D. to need
【答案】?A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当今，越来越多的中国家庭拥有进行网上购物所需的科技和设备。动词need与所修饰的词the technology and equipment之间为被动关系，故答案选A。
【考例3】(2018天津红桥区3月模拟,8)Claire had her luggage ????an hour before her plane left.
A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意：克莱尔在飞机起飞前一个小时办理了行李托运。考查的核心结构是“have +宾语+宾补”，宾语luggage与动词check之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补，故答案选D。
【考例4】.(2018江苏南京、盐城二模,33)What you do not want ????to yourself, do not do to others.
A. doing B. done C. being done D. having done
?【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意：己所不欲勿施于人。此处为want sth. done结构。
【考例5】.(2018天津高考压轴卷,12)—My car is making a really strange noise.
—You’d better get it ????before you drive to Denver.
A. looking at B. looked at C. to look at D. being looked at
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意:——我的车在发出一种奇怪的声音。——你最好在开车去丹佛之前先让人检查一下。考查的核心结构为“get sth. done”即“动词+宾语+宾补”结构,宾语和宾补之间为被动关系，需用过去分词，故答案选B。
【方法探究】 此类题首先要确定是否符合“ 动词+宾语+宾补 ”的结构。其次找到宾补中的动词和宾语之间的关系，然后再决定宾补的形式。
★知识链接★
动词不定式作宾语补足语
有的动词后接带to的动词不定式作补语；有的动词后接不带to的动词不定式。
1）能以带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask，allow， get，warn，tell，invite，force， oblige， beg， wish，want， like， hate， expect， encourage， advise， persuade，permit， request， order， cause， know， call on等。例如：
Would you like me to help you? 你要我帮忙吗？
Body language helps you (to) communicate with foreigners.身势语有助于你同外国人交际。
I advise you not to eat fruit that isn't ripe in future.我劝你以后不要吃不熟的水果。
下列动词(词组)在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中要加上to，它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”——五看(look at，see，watch，notice，observe)；三使(make，let，have)；二听(listen to，hear)；一感觉(feel)。
I was in the kitchen cooking something and I felt the floor move.我在厨房，正做着饭，觉得地板动了。
It'll make the cabbage plants grow big and strong.它将使卷心菜植物长的又大又壮。
He was seen to get on the bus.有人看到他上了公共汽车。
The girl was made to cry.女孩被惹哭了。
动词keep，leave，set，catch及介词with后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.对不起，让您久等了。
We can’t leave such an important matter unfinished.我们不能让这样一件重要的事半途而废。
I caught him smoking a cigarette.我碰到他正在抽烟。
With a lot of work to do，he was not allowed to go out.由于有许多工作要做，他不被允许出去。
五、非谓语动词作定语
【考例1】(2018天津春,11)There have been many advances in medicine in recent years. That means money ????for medical research has been well spent.
A. used B. using C. to use D. to be used
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:近年来在医疗方面取得了很多进步,这意味着用于医疗研究的钱花对了地方。此处为非谓语动词作定语,修饰名词money。money与use之间为被动关系且表示完成之意,故需用过去分词，故答案选A。
【考例2】（2018·北京10） Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
A. used B. to use C. using D. use
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句，_________ correctly是条件状语，修饰ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词，A选项正确。
【考例3】(2018天津和平区一模,10)The latest survey, ????by the foreign company, found that more than 12% teenagers want to work as pilots.
A. to be conducted B. being conducted C. conducted D. having conducted
【答案】?C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这家外国公司进行的最新调查发现,超过12%的青少年想当飞行员。此处为非谓语动词作定语，名词survey和动词conduct之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。 to be conducted表示将来的被动动作;being conducted表示正在进行的被动动作;having conducted只能作状语，不能作定语。故答案选C。
【考例4】(2018天津南开区一模,9)The boys ????by the coach will take part in the sports meeting of the school next month.
chosen B. being chosen C. choosing D. to be chosen
【答案】?A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被教练选中的男孩将参加下个月学校的运动会。此处为 非谓语动词作定语,被修饰的名词the boys和choose之间为被动关系，故排除表示主动关系的C项，B项表示正在进行的被动动作，D项表示将来的被动，用过去分词作定语，表被动完成。故答案选A。动作,两者皆不符合语境，故被排除。
【考例5】(2017天津夏,10)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ????.
A. catching B. caught C. to catch D. to be caught
【答案】??C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我在会议期间一直看表，因为我要赶火车。 设空部分是a train的定语，根据句意可知应用不定式表示将来。catch的逻辑主语I又是句子的主语，故应用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义，故答案选C。
【考例6】(2017北京,30)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ????from butterflies to elephants.
ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：国家公园有一大批的野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象(种类繁多)。 根据语境可知，野生动物种类从蝴蝶到大象都有，此处用现在分词形式作定语，表示“包括(从……到……)之间的各类事物”，故答案选A。
【考例7】(2017北京,32)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ????with his students.
to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent
【答案】??D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：吉姆已经退休,但是他仍然记得和他的学生们一起度过的快乐时光。句子已经有了谓语，空格只能填非谓语动词，逻辑主语是time和spend之间是被动关系，故用过去分词spent。 故答案选D。
【方法探究】此类试题首先要分析句子结构，找到分词中的动词同所修饰的名词的关系。表示被动完成一般要用过去分词；表示动作正在进行且为主动则用现在分词；表示动作即将发生或要发生的行为一般需要用动词的不定式形式。
★知识链接★
①动词不定式作定语时，被修饰的名词一般是它的逻辑宾语；如果动词不定武中的动词是不及物动词时，要带有必要的介词来构成及物的动词短语，例如：
This is the best way to solve the problem.这是解决这个问题的最好的办法。
I am glad to have the chance to learn English.很高兴我有学习英语的机会。
The nurse has five children to look after.(=The nurse has five children whom she will look after.)这个保育员要照管五个孩子。
②现在分词作前置定语，与所要修饰的名词之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系；动名词作前置定语且只能作前置定语，则表示被修饰名词的目的、作用和用途。例如：
running shoes(跑鞋)，a drawing board(画板)，a swimming pool(游泳池)，a waiting room(候车室)，a walking stick(手杖)等。
The swimmer ran to the side of the swimming pool and dived off.
那游泳者奔到游泳池边，纵身跳下。
Polluted air and water are harmful to people's health.污染的空气和水是对人们的健康有害的。
the falling leaves the leaves that are falling；a reading room—a room for reading。
③单个分词作定语，通常位于所要修饰的名词前面；而分词短语作定语则通常置于被修饰名词的后面，称为后置定语。例如：
We needed much more qualified teachers.我们需要更多的合格的教师。
The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper. 坐在约翰和玛丽之间的那个年轻小伙子是校园报的编辑。
The young man seated between John and Mary was the editor of campus newspaper.坐在约翰和玛丽之间的那个年轻小伙子是校园报的编辑。
④被修饰的名词一般是现在分词的逻辑主语；过去分词则与其构成动宾关系，使其成为逻辑宾语。
⑤现在分词作定语表示动作正在进行或当时的状态；过去分词则表示动作先发生或已经完成。例如：
Those wishing to join this club should sign here. (=Those who wish to join the club should sign here.) 想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。
The man standing (= who is standing) by the window will give us a report.站在窗口的那个人将给我们作报告。
The man disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. (The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.) 由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。
六、考查非谓语动词作状语
1.考查作目的状语
【考例1】（2018·北京6）During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：过中秋节的时候,家庭成员通常会聚在一起吃饭、赏月和品尝月饼。根据句意可知家庭成员聚在一起的目的是吃饭、赏月和品尝月饼，因此用不定式。故答案选B。
【考例2】(2018天津高考压轴卷,11) ????time, the teacher had us do half of the exercises in class and complete the other half for our homework.
A. To save B. Save C. Saving D. Having saved
?A 句意:为了节省时间,老师让我们在课堂上做一半的练习,另一半作为家庭作业。考 查非谓语动词。由句意可知此处表目的,故需用动词不定式,选A。
【考例3】(2018天津河西区一模,9) ????his love, Chris sent his mom a thank you note on Mother’s Day.
A. Expressing B. Expressed C.To express D. Having expressed
【答案】?C
【解析】查非谓语动词。句意:为了表达他的爱,克里斯在母亲节那天给他妈妈发了一封感谢信。考此处为非谓语动词作目的状语,故用不定式,选C。
【考例4】（2017·北京卷27.）Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ______ their valuable time.
A. save B. saving C. to save D. saved
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多航空公司现在允许乘客网上打印他们的登机牌来节省时间。此处是动词不定式表目的，故答案选C。
【考例5】(2017天津春,3) ????more about amazing animal facts, he made a trip to the nearby nature reserve.
A.Finding out B. Found out C. To find out D. Being found out
?【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了发现更多令人惊奇的有关动物的事实,他去了一次附近的自然保护区。此处应用不定式作目的状语,故选C。
2.考查作结果状语
【考例1】（2018·江苏26） Around?13,500?new?jobs?were?created?during?the?period, _______ the?expected?number of 12,000 held?by market?analysts.
A. having?exceeded B. to?exceed C. exceeded D. exceeding
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造13,500个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的12,000的预期数量。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故答案选D。
【考例2】.(2018天津和平区三模,9)The Ministry of Education approved the launch of Westlake University on Monday, ????a milestone in its construction and development history.
A.to mark B. marked C. marking D. being marked
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:教育部周一批准了西湖大学的成立,这是它的建设和发展历史上的一个里程碑。此处表顺其自然的结果,故需用doing;选C。
【考例3】（2017·天津卷14） The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _____ more patients to be treated.
A. being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备，允许更多的病人被治疗。前句购进医疗设备和后面允许更多的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系，用doing即现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。A. being allowed 表示被动且正在进行 C. having allowed 强调先于谓语动词发生 D. allowed 表示被动且完成，故答案选B。
【考例4】.(2017北京海淀区二模,27)In Australia, many road signs are now both in English and Chinese, ???? it easier for Chinese tourists to travel.
A.making B. made C. make D. makes
【答案】?A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在澳大利亚,许多路标现在都用英文和中文标识,使中国游客旅行起来更容易了。现在分词表示自然而然的结果。故选A。
3.考查作时间状语
【考例1】.(2018天津十二校二联,14) ????from university, Peter spent two years doing a part-time job before finally finding a position in a small company.
A.Graduate B. Graduated C. Being graduated D. Having graduated
?【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:彼得大学毕业后,花了两年时间做兼职工作,最后在一家小公司找到了一份工作。分词所表动作先于句子谓语动词的动作发生,且与其逻辑主语Peter之间为主动关系,故需用现在分词的完成式作时间状语,选D。
【考例2】（2016·浙江19）I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do with students.
A. working B. work C. to work D. worked
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我在海上航行和现在和学生一起一样快乐。使用非谓语动词作状语，I和work是主谓关系，用现在分词作时间状语。故选A。
【考例3】(2016北京海淀区二模,21) ???? back in his chair, the man began to tell us his adventures in the forests.
A.Sit B. Sitting C. To sit D. Sat
?【答案】?B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:坐回到自己的椅子上,这个人开始给我们讲述他在森林中的冒险经历。此处为现在分词短语作时间状语,相当于After he sat back in his chair。
4.考查作伴随状语
【考例1】.(2018天津春,6)Mrs. Taylor went around the shops, ????what she thought was necessary.
A.ordered B. ordering C. to have ordered D. having been ordered
?【答案】?B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:泰勒夫人逛了商店,订购了一些她认为必需的东西。Mrs. Taylor和order之间为主动关系;非谓语动词动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,在句中作伴随状语,需用doing,故选B。
【考例2】(2018天津十二校二联,10)The spokesperson spoke very slowly, ????what he would say.
A.being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:发言人说得很慢,权衡着他要说的话。此处为现在分词作伴随状语;其逻辑主语The spokesperson 和weigh之间为主动关系,且表示伴随状况,故用现在分词的一般式。
【考例3】(2018天津南开区三模,13)With her attention ????on the book, the girl sat there quietly.
A.fixing B. to be fixed C. fix D. fixed
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:那个女孩静静地坐在那里,把她的注意力集中在书上。此处为with复合结构,即“with+宾语+宾补”,作伴随状语;fix one??s attention on sth.为固定搭配,fix与attention之间为被动关系,故此处需用done,故选D。
【考例4】（2017·江苏卷21.）Many Chinese brands, _______ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.
A. having developed B. being developed C. developed D. developing
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。brands是逻辑主语，和develop是主谓关系，所以用现在分词，表示伴随状况；再根据“over centuries”可知，应该使用现在分词的完成式，故选A。句意：许多中国品牌，享誉数百年，现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。
5.考查作条件状语
【考例1】(2018天津河西区二模,5) ????a more favorable term, we’ll contact you and decide whether to accept it.
A.To offer B. Offering C. Offered D. Having offered
?【答案】?C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果被提供更优惠的条件,我们将与你方联系,并决定是否接受。句子主语即非谓语动词的逻辑主语和动词offer之间为被动关系,故用过去分词短语作条件状语,选C。
7.考查作原因状语
【考例1】(2018天津红桥区二模,8) ????an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.
A.Offer B. To offer C. Offering D. Offered
【答案】?D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:安迪在一部新电影中扮演了一个重要的角色,他得到了一次成名的机会。逻辑主语Andy和动词offer之间为被动关系,故需用过去分词表原因,选D。
【考例2】(2018江苏高三压轴冲刺卷,34) ???? approximately 13 feet by 12 feet, the room makes a nice study for my brother, a senior 3 student.
A.Measured B. Having measured C. Being measured D. Measuring
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这个房间大约13英尺长12英尺宽,作为我上高三的哥哥的一间书房很不错。measure为系动词,没有被动语态,故首先排除被动意义的A、C项;B项为现在分词的完成式,意为非谓语动词所表示的动作先于句子谓语动词完成,语境中没有此意,故被排除。此处现在分词measuring作原因状语。
【方法探究】此类试题要首先分清主句和状语，并且还要观察句中是否有连词。其次还要确定非谓语动词和其逻辑主语之间的关系，进而选择该用哪种形式的分词或不定式。
★知识链接★
①分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随或方式、目的等；作状语时，是用现在分词还是用过去分词，取决于该动词与句子主语之间的关系。如果是逻辑上的主谓关系，一般用现在分词；如果是逻辑上的动宾关系，一般用过去分词。分词的完成时表示动作先于谓语动词发生。
Pressed from his parents，and realizing that he has wasted too much time，the boy is determined to stop playing video games.由于来自父母的压力，以及认识到浪费了太多的时间，这个男孩决定不玩电子游戏了。(表示原因)
Having been told many times，he finally understood it.被告诉了许多次，他终于明白了。(表示时间)
Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks even more beautiful.从山顶上看，这个公园显得更加美丽。(see与主语the park之间存在动宾关系)
Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。(see与主语we之间存在主谓关系)
某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，此时这些过去分词表示一种状态。这样的词有：lost (迷路的)，seated (坐)，lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)，dressed in (穿着)，tired of (感到厌倦)，faced with (面对)等。
Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。
Dressed in a red coat，he is like a girl rather than a boy.穿着一件红色衣服，他更像一个女孩。
3．不定式作状语主要表示原因、目的、结果等。表原因时常用在表情感和态度的形容词后。如be happy/sorry/surprised/ashamed等；表目的时其前可加上in order或so as (so as to do一般不放在句首)；表结果时其前通常与only连用，往往表示出乎意料的结果。不定式的插入结构作状语，为固定短语结构。如：to be honest/to tell you the truth(老实说)，to be frank(说实话，坦率地说)，to begin with(首先)，to start with(首先)，to be more exact(更确切地说)，to sum up(总之，概括地说)等。
They were surprised to find that nobody was in the house.发现屋子里空无一人，他们很奇怪。(表示原因)
The man has to do some part-time jobs in his spare time so as to support his family.那人为了养家不得不在业余时间做些零活。(表示目的)
Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去机场，却发现他要乘坐的飞机高高地飞在空中。(表示结果)
To be honest/To tell you the truth，I am a writer.跟你说实话吧，我是个作家。
七、考查独立主格结构
【考例1】(2018天津南开区三模,13)With her attention ????on the book, the girl sat there quietly.
A.fixing B. to be fixed C. fix D. fixed
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:那个女孩静静地坐在那里,把她的注意力集中在书上。此处为with复合结构,即“with+宾语+宾补”,作伴随状语;fix one’s attention on sth.为固定搭配,fix与attention之间为被动关系,故此处需用done,故选D。
【考例2】(2018江苏苏锡常镇四市二模,30)About 10 bike-sharing companies have gone broke since last September, ????failing to return deposits to users and their deserted bicycles crowding side- walks.
A.some of which B.some of them C.of which some D.which of them
【答案】?B
【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意:自去年9月以来,约有10家自行车共享公司破产,其中一些公司未能将押金返还给用户,它们被遗弃的共享单车堆放在人行道上。因为逗号后面的句子缺少谓语,不构成定语从句,故排除A、C两项,此处为带有自己逻辑主语的现在分词的独立主格结构,故选B。
【考例3】(2018江苏苏北四市高三一调,24)Big data is the driving force behind this zone??s development, a steady stream of new big data construction projects constantly ????.
A.being introduced B. introducing C. having introduced D. to be introduced
【答案】A
【解析】考查分词的独立主格结构。句意:伴随着源源不断的新大数据建设项目的不断涌现,大数据成了该地区发展的动力。独立主格结构的逻辑主语new big data construction projects和动词introduce之间为被动关系,且表示现在正在发生的事,需用being done,故选A。
【考例4】(2018江苏南京一模,8)White snow ????the small village after a big snowfall, tourists found themselves stepping into a fantastic fairyland.
A.blanketing B. blanketed C. being blanketed D. to blanket
?【答案】A
【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意:大雪过后,小村庄被白雪覆盖了,游客们发现自己踏进了一个神奇的仙境。逗号后面是完整的句子,逗号前面需用非谓语动词。此处为独立主格结构作原因状语;题干中White snow 和blanket 之间是主动关系,且blanket 与found所表动作同时发生,故需用现在分词的一般式;答案为A。
【方法探究】独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
★知识链接★
独立主格结构由“普通格名词(或主格代词)＋分词、不定式、名词、形容词、副词或介词短语”构成，在句中作状语，通常用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。
(1)名词/主格代词＋现在分词（名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主谓关系）。
The girl staring at him(＝As the girl stared at him)，he didn't know what to say.
女孩两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。
(2)名词/主格代词＋过去分词（名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系）。
The problems solved(＝As the problems were solved)，the quality has been improved.
随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。
(3)名词/主格代词＋不定式（名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作）。例如：
He is going to make a model plane，some old parts to help.
借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。
(4)with复合结构(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)作状语，是用现在分词、过去分词还是动词不定式作宾语补足语，关键是看宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系。
With time passing by(time和pass之间为主动关系)，he almost forgot everything in the past.
随着时间的流逝，他几乎忘记了过去所有的事情。
He sat on the chair，with his hands tied(hands和tie之间为被动关系)behind his back.
他坐在椅子上，双手在背后捆着。
2．there be句型的非谓语形式。例如：
I’ve never dreamed of there being a picture on the wall.我从未想到墙上会有幅画。
I expect there to be many chances for her to get a job.我希望她有很多机会找到工作。
There being ice on the road，I told the driver to slow down.路上有冰，我让司机减速慢行。
There having been no water for two days，the travelers were all very thirsty.已经两天都没有水了，所有游客都非常渴。
八、考查 “连词＋分词(短语)”结构
【考例1】When ???? to danger, men tend to increase blood pressure, ???? nervous or anxious.
A.exposed; feeling B. exposed; felt C. exposing; felt D. exposing; feeling
?【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词和省略。句意:面对危险时,人们往往会血压升高,感到紧张或焦虑。第一空为When men are exposed to danger的省略, 省去了和主句相同的主语和be动词;第 二空为现在分词作伴随状语。故选A。
【考例2】(2016浙江杭州学军中学五月模拟,10)New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before ???? ????.
A.being fully accepted B. fully accepting
C. having fully accepted D. fully accepted
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:有时新理念不得不等待数年才会被完全接受。此处before为介词,故其后需用动名词形式;又因主语new ideas和动词accept之间为被动关系,故需用动名词的被动形式,选A。
【方法探究】
★知识链接★
分词短语作状语时，有时前面可用一个连词，表示强调或出于表达需要，常用的连词有：when，while，after，before，if，though，whether...or...，unless，as if等。有时这种结构可看成是状语从句的省略。例如：
After taking the medicine，she felt better.
吃过药后，她感觉好些了。
You should stay where you are，unless asked to leave.
你应该呆在你现在的地方不动，除非让你动。
选择题（Choose the best answer）
1.（南京市 2019 届高三年级学情调研） a striking look with a sea of lavender flowers, Guli has become a famous attraction in Nanjing.
A．Wearing B. To wear C. To be wearing D. Having won
2.（徐州市2018考前模拟31）Neon-lights are affecting the birds’ biological clock, leading to them _______ when they should be asleep.
A. awaken B. being awake C. waking D. to wake
3.（2018年江苏省南通,徐州等七市五月联考29） ______ to pension and free medical care, senior citizens in our village are properly looked after and live happy lives.
A. Entitling B. Being entitled C. Entitled D. Having entitled
4.（南京师范大学附属中学2018届5月模考30.）Thanks to the “sugar tax”， food factories have reduced sugar in their products, ________ about 45 million kilograms of sugar.
A. to save B. saved C. saving D. having saved
5.（南京市2018届第三次模考28）The selfie has inspired risk-taking behavior,_______ the boundaries of safety, whether by hanging from a skyscraper or posing with live explosives.
A．pushed B. to push C. pushing D. having pushed
6.（南京市2018届第三次模考33）The banker finds it difficult _______just as an ordinary human being at home.
A．to treat B. to be treated C. to have treated D. to have been treated
7.（北京市精华学校2018年高三考前测试7）Professor Li ________ for his informative lecture, was warmly received by the students.
A. known B. knowing C. having known D. to be known
8.（北京市精华学校2018年高三考前测试11）A fireworks display was organized ________ the Queen’s birthday.
A. to mark B. marked C. having marked D. being marked
9.（北京市精华学校2018年高三考前测试13）________ two hours daily has made considerable difference to my physical condition.
A. To walk B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked
10.（北京中国人民大学附属中学2018届高三考前热身14）The problem with the current system allows anyone to commit a similar crime without . It needs to be fixed.
A. being punished B. punished C. to punish D. punishing
11.（北京中国人民大学附属中学2018届高三考前热身）The young man, in heavy traffic on the way, got home an hour later than usual.
A. catching B. caught C. having caught D. to be caught
12.（北京中国人民大学附属中学2018届高三考前热身4）The 19th Party Congress drew up a blueprint for China’s development in the next three decades and more. this blueprint into reality, we must be down-to-earth in our approach, take one step at a time as we move forward and deliver solid outcomes.
A. Turning B. Turned C. Turn D. To turn
13.（江苏省启东中学2018届高三最后一模9）________ the oil under the sea, the company has raised ample funds to develop petroleum exploration equipment.
A. Exploiting B. Having exploited C. To exploit D. Exploited
14.（江苏省启东中学2018届高三最后一模4）The educational reform is now under way throughout the country, ________ the students more opportunities to develop to their greatest potential.
A. to grant B. having granted C. granting D. granted
15.（天津市第一中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考7） in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
A. To absorb B. To be absorbed C. Absorbed D. Absorbing
16.（天津市耀华中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考9） If the project ________ before the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.
A. completed B. being completed C. to be completed D. completing
二、句型训练（Choose the right words in brackets）
1.Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students ________ (talk) over what is bothering them.
2.________ (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
3.The manager was satisfied to see many new products ________ (develop) after great effort.
4.While waiting for the opportunity to get ________ (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
5.There are still many problems ________ (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
6.The lecture ________ (give), a lively question-and-answer session followed.
7.It's standard practice for a company like this one ________ (employ) a security officer.
8.________ (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.
9.A week before the World Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, _________(call) on us to join in the activities for a greener earth.
10. __________(Watch) the flag rising in the brilliant sun, we were quite excited and proud of our motherland.
三、语法填空
（2018 武汉市部分学校新高三起点调研测试）
World Sleep Day falls on March 1. This year’s theme concerns sleep and women.
More women suffer from insomnia (失眠)than men, but only 4 percent of them go to a doctor to get help. Beijing’s The First newspaper ____1____(report) recently. A study by ____2____ international organization in the paper said that women ____3____(age) 10 to 20 sleep six hours and 1 minutes a day ____4____ average.
Young people have also been shown to suffer from a lack of sleep. Statistics from a Chinese medical research centre show that in ____5____(city) like Beijing and Shanghai, 20 percent of young people suffer from insomnia, and 80 percent suffer from great tiredness due to poor quality sleep.
Experts blame heavy ____6____(press) and competition at work for poor ____7____(sleep) habits. The long-term effects can be unhappiness, anxiety and depression, ____8____ can in turn lead to chronic illnesses (慢性病), ____9____(especial) in women.
There are, however, a couple of tricks for getting a good sleep, such as maintaining an optimistic attitude, keeping a regular, ____10____(day) routine, or finding time for sports. Also, you can develop healthy habits, such as keeping the bedroom clean and avoiding tea, coffee, or wine before meals.
四、短文改错（安徽省合肥市2019届高三上学期调研性检测）Our class organized visit to the Joy Nursing Home, that is next to our school, last Sunday. On our arrival, we begin to help the senior people do the cleaning. After that, some of my classmate put on interesting performances, but then we played games with them. All of them were amusing and laughed happily. We were such lost in the activities that we forgot the time .At noon, we were all had to say goodbye to them. And they were extreme grateful to us for their visit.
专题六 非谓语动词（解析版）
非谓语动词一直是高考的重要考查知识点，逢考必有。在单项选择、完形填空、单词拼写
(无听力版)和短文改错中都有体现。高考中非谓语动词的考查主要有以下几个方面：
不定式、现在分词和过去分词作后置定语的区别；
不定式的完成式、进行式和被动式的用法；
现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别；
现在分词作伴随状语、结果状语和不定式表目的和结果状语的区别；
动名词作主语和宾语的用法；
动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语的区别。
其中有关分词和不定式的相关考查仍是今后高考命题的热点。
考查非谓语动词用作主语的问题
【考例1】（2018·北京3）_________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣且有益的经历。 根据题干可知, ????along the old Silk Road是主语部分,设空处应用动名词形式,表示“沿古老的丝绸之路旅行”这一行为,故选择B项。having traveled 是完成式,表示发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的行为,不符合语境。 故答案选B。
【考例2】.(2018北京海淀区二模,3)Personally speaking, ????the grand blueprint into reality is a long process.
A. turning B. turn C. turned D. having turned
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词作主语。句意:就个人而言,实现这一宏伟蓝图是一个长期的过程。由句子结构可知,系动词is前,即设空处所在的短语“ ????the grand blueprint into reality”作主语,故用动名词形式,选A。
【考例3】(2018天津部分区高三质量调查二,9)It’s important for your computer software ????regularly.
A. to have updated B. to be updated
C .to update D. to have been updated
??【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:定期更新计算机软件是很重要的。It’s important for sth. to do/to be done是固定用法,其中的it为形式主语,不定式复合结构作真正的主语。如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式要用被动式to be done;若表示动作先于另一动作之前,则用完成式to have done。此处software与update“更新”之间是被动关系且没有“动作的先后关系”,故选B。
【考例4】(2016江苏)______ a new house is impossible for the young couple because they haven't saved enough money．
A．Buy B．Buying C．Bought D．Having bought
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：对年轻的夫妇来说买一个新房子是不可能的，因为他们没有攒够足够的钱。这里的is impossible是谓语，前面的内容是主语，用动名词做主语，所以选B。
【方法探究】 分析句子，弄清句子成分。同时兼顾固定句型结构和动词不定式作主语与动名词做主语之间的区别。
★知识链接★
动名词作主语往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验。有时候用it作形式主语，常用于
1)It’s no use/good/useless/of little use/useful/worth/a waste of time doing等句式中。
It is no use sending him over．It's too late already.派他去没用，已经太晚了。
It's no good waiting here. Let's walk home．在这儿等没好处，咱们走回去吧。
It’s no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。
2）“there is no+一ing”结构，其中一ing及其短语作主语。该句型相当于： It is impossible to do sth.例如：
There is no accounting for his action．无法解释他的行为。
There is no joking a bout such matters．这种事开不得玩笑。
There is no knowing where they are going to conduct their research．
无法知道他们打算在何地进行研究。
上述结构常见的还有： there is no saying…(没法说出…),there is no telling…(无可奉告…)，there is no bearing…(无法忍受…)等。
2．不定式作主语往往表示一个具体的动作、一种愿望、目的或未完成的事。
To say something is one thing; to do it is another.说是一回事，做是另一回事。
To make a plan first is a good idea.首先制定一个计划是一个好主意。
通常用形式主语it代替。常见的it代替不定式作形式主语的句型有：
1）It is＋ adj./n.(for sb.) to do sth. 常与for搭配的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，heavy，necessary，impossible，important等。
It is important for us to learn English.学习英语对我们来说很重要。
It is not difficult to find out information about the program..弄清这个节目的情况并不困难。
2）It is ＋adj .of sb.(to do sth.) 常与of搭配的形容词常表主语的性质、特征。这类词有good，kind，nice，clever，wise，foolish，silly，stupid，right，wrong，rude，(im)polite，careless，careful等。
It's wrong of the other children to make fun of you.别的孩子取笑你，这是错误的。
It's silly of you to ask such questions.你提出这样的问题实在太傻了。
二、非谓语动词作表语
【考例1】(2018天津河西区二模,9)The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, ????it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:新科技的目的是使生活更容易。而不是使生活更加困难。此处为并列不定式作表语。由句意可知此处为否定意义。故需用不定式的否定形式。即直接在不定式前加not；故答案选B。
【考例2】While waiting for the opportunity to get ________，Henry did his best to perform his duty.
A．promote B．promoted
C．promoting D．to promote
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为：当等待机会升职的时候，亨利尽最大努力履行他的职责。这里使用了get done结构，表示被动关系。故答案选B。
【考例3】For those with family members far away，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying ________.
A．connected B．connecting
C．to connect D．to be connected
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词化的过去分词作表语。句意为：对那些与家人离得比较远的人来说，个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。本句中的关键词是stay(保持)，它是一个连系动词，后接形容词作表语。connected可作形容词，意为“有联系的，有来往的”，符合句意。故答案选A。
方法探究
★知识链接★
1.不定式作表语表示主语的具体内容、目的等。
My goal is to be a scientist.我的目标是当一名科学家。
What strikes me most is to see him always busy.使我感到惊讶的是总看见他很忙碌。
2．动名词作表语表示笼统的、抽象的概念。
My favorite sport is skiing.我最喜欢的运动是滑雪。
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
3．现在分词作表语，多表示主语所具有的特征或性质，意为“令人怎样.......”，含主动意味。如：astonishing，disappointing，exciting，amusing，frightening，interesting，surprising，relaxing，shocking，tiring，worrying，puzzling，moving； 过去分词作表语多表示主语的状态，意为“对什么感受怎样”，有被动意味。如：astonished，disappointed，excited，amused，frightened，interested，surprised，relaxed，shocked，tired，worried，puzzled，moved。例如：
Our trip was disappointing.我们的这次旅行让人失望。
We was disappointed at our trip.我们对这次旅行感到失望。
This story is interesting.这个故事有趣。
I am interested in this story.我对这故事感兴趣。
注意：过去分词作表语和系动词连用，构成系表结构，往往表示主语所处的一种状态，有时候用于“get＋v.-ed”结构中。例如：
I got confused，even bored.我被搞得迷惑了，甚至有点烦了。
三、非谓语动词作宾语
【考例1】（2018·天津12）I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it.
A. to eat；to try B. eating；trying C. eating；to try D. to eat； trying
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语mean to do（打算做），couldn’t help doing忍不住做。故答案选D。
【考例2】(2018江苏南京三模,33)The banker finds it difficult ????just as an ordinary human being at home.
A. to treat B. to be treated C. to have treated D. to have been treated
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位银行家发现在家里很难被当作普通人。题干的核心结构为find it difficult to do sth.，treat 为及物动词，与句子主语为被动关系,故用to be done，故答案选 B。
【考例3】(2018天津红桥区二模,4)The grass in the field has grown so tall that it needs ????.
to cut B. cut C. cutting D. being cut
??【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意:这块地里的草长得太高了，需要修剪了。动词need 后用动名词的主动形式表被动,故选C。
【考例4】(2018天津和平区一模,5)In the modern information age, one can’t avoid ????by various kinds of advertisements.
A. surrounded B. surrounding C. being surrounded D. to be surrounded
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意：在现代信息时代，一个人不可避免地会被各种各样的广告所包围。avoid“避免”要求跟动名词作宾语；逻辑主语one和动词surround之间为被动关系，此处应用动名词的被动形式，故选C。
【考例5】(2016天津十二区县二联,11)Several people deserve ???? for their assistance in providing information for this report.
A. being mentioned B. mentioning C. mentioned D. to mention
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：值得一提的是有几个人为这则报告提供了信息方面的帮助。deserve后面用doing或to be done表示被动意义。故答案选B。
【方法探究】 此类试题要求牢记能接动词不定式或动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语。
★知识链接★
①介词后常常接动词-ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，且前有实义动词do时，不定式就要省略to。例如：
I had no choice but to wait till the manager finished his job.我别无选择，只好等经理完成工作。
I did nothing but write a letter this morning.今天早晨除写了一封信外，我什么都没有做。
He wanted nothing but to have a chance to try it.除了有机会试一试外，他别无所求。
注释：but后接不定式时，何时带to要依据前面动词是否有do而定。即有do不带to,无do要带to.
②下列动词只能接不定式作宾语：
打算(intend)计划(plan)和期盼(expect/desire)?；假装(pretend)喜欢(would?like/love/prefer)表祝愿(wish)?
决定(decide)同意(agree)来帮助(help)?；设法(manage)说服(persuade)不拒绝(refuse)?
好像(seem/appear)答应(promise)做努力(attempt)；?选择(choose)询问(ask)多学习(learn)?
告诉(tell)失败(fail)也付得起(afford)?。
We want to learn some body language.我们想学习一点身势语。
She has decided to go to Guangzhou tomorrow.她已经决定明天去广州。
No one can afford to buy such an expensive suit.没有人能担负起买如此昂贵的服装。
③下列动词或词组只能接动名词作宾语
喜欢考虑不可免（enjoy，consider，escape，avoid）?
停止放弃太冒险（stop，give?up，risk）
承认理解很值得（admit，understand，be?worth）?
反对想象莫推延（mind，imagine，delay，put?off）?
要求完成是期望（require，finish，look?forward?to）?
建议继续勤操练（suggest，go?on，practise）?
不禁原谅要坚持（can’t?help，excuse，insist?on）?
继续注意便成功（keep?on，mind，succeed?in）
I advise waiting a few more days.我建议再等几天。
He tried to escape being punished.他设法逃避惩罚。
We do not allow/permit smoking in the kitchen.我们不允许在厨房里吸烟。
I appreciate being given this opportunity.非常感谢给了我这个机会。
I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.我回避提及这个问题，以免触犯他。
注意：既可接不定式也可接动名词作宾语的动词，但两者意思不同。
mean
forget
remember
regret
try
go on
stop
can’t help
Remember to turn off the lights before you go to bed.临睡前记着关灯。
I remember reading about the earthquake in the papers.我记得在报纸上看到过关于这次地震的消息。
Don’t forget to turn down the gas after an hour or so.别忘了过一个小时左右把煤气关小点儿。
I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.我永不会忘记第一次看见长城的情景。
I regret to say the job has been filled.十分抱歉，那个工作已经有人做了。
I regret saying what I said. I shouldn’t have said it.我懊悔说了那些话。我是不应该这样说的。
④动词不定式与疑问词、介词的连用
（1）decide，find out， forget，know，learn，remember，wonder等动词常接“疑问词+ 动词不定式”这个结构，用作宾语。疑问词一般是what，who（m），where，how，whether，why，which。例如：
Would you teach us how to drive a car? 你愿意教我们如何开车吗？
Let me tell you what to do now.让我来告诉你现在该做什么。
（2）“疑问词+to +动词不定式”结构也可以作主语或表语，注意“to+不定式”只能和whether（不能和if）连用。例如：
How to do next is still a problem.下一步如何做仍然是一个问题。
The trouble is whom to invite.麻烦的是该邀请哪些人。
（3）“疑问词+to+不定式”结构也可作介词宾语。
They are talking about how to do the experiment.他们正在谈论如何做实验。
⑤当宾语是不定式(短语)时，如果其后有宾语补足语，则须用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在补语之后，即：“主语 +谓语 + it +宾补不定式（短语）”。常见的谓语动词有think, make, feel, find, etc.例如：
I don't think it is necessary to buy a bigger computer.我认为没有必要买那个大功能的计算机。
He found it important to study the situation in Russian.他发现研究俄国形势非常重要。
⑥动名词作介词宾语。如：Look forward to， object to， be opposed to， be used to， insist on，prevent......from， depend on，feel like， be fond of，succeed in， be proud of， excuse.......for， put off， give up， refer to， stick to， lead to， thanks to，pay attention to， devote oneself to ，help yourself to， in addition to，be busy in，be afraid of， apologize for 等。例如：
I don't feel like walking very much today.今天我不想走太多的路。
I insist on taking proper food for this expedition.我坚决主张携带适合这次远征的食品。
I look forward to receiving your reply.我期待着收到你的答复。
The Great Green will stop the wind from blowing the earth away.绿色长城将阻止风刮走土。
注意： 动名词前的介词有时可以省略。如： have difficulty (in) doing ; have no trouble (in) doing; lose no time (in) doing; prevent/stop......(from) doing; there is no use (in) doing等。例如：
I have some difficult in pronouncing some of the words in English.我发某些英语单词的音有一些困难。
The heavy rain kept them from going out.大雨阻止了他们外出。
We must stop them (from) making the same mistake again.我们必须防止犯同样的错误。
⑦动词need, want, require,以及 be worth之后动名词的主动语态含有被动的意思，相当于不定式的被动语态。例如：
Our teacher said that the way of study needed improving.老师说我们的这种学习方法需要改进。
These babies will require taking good care of.这些婴儿需要细心照料。
His talk is well worth listening to.他的报告很值得一听。
四、非谓语动词作宾语补足语
【考例1】（2018·天津7）I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.
A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. take
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。 根据题干，my photograph与take为被动关系，故排除A、D两项；being taken表进行，故排除C项，因此用过去分词作宾补。have sth. done意为“让他人为你做某事”，故答案为B项。
【考例2】.(2018天津滨海新区七所重点学校毕业联考,27)Nowadays, more and more Chinese homes have the technology and equipment ????to do online shopping.
A．needed B. needing C. need D. to need
【答案】?A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当今，越来越多的中国家庭拥有进行网上购物所需的科技和设备。动词need与所修饰的词the technology and equipment之间为被动关系，故答案选A。
【考例3】(2018天津红桥区3月模拟,8)Claire had her luggage ????an hour before her plane left.
A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意：克莱尔在飞机起飞前一个小时办理了行李托运。考查的核心结构是“have +宾语+宾补”，宾语luggage与动词check之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补，故答案选D。
【考例4】.(2018江苏南京、盐城二模,33)What you do not want ????to yourself, do not do to others.
A. doing B. done C. being done D. having done
?【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意：己所不欲勿施于人。此处为want sth. done结构。
【考例5】.(2018天津高考压轴卷,12)—My car is making a really strange noise.
—You’d better get it ????before you drive to Denver.
A. looking at B. looked at C. to look at D. being looked at
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意:——我的车在发出一种奇怪的声音。——你最好在开车去丹佛之前先让人检查一下。考查的核心结构为“get sth. done”即“动词+宾语+宾补”结构,宾语和宾补之间为被动关系，需用过去分词，故答案选B。
【方法探究】 此类题首先要确定是否符合“ 动词+宾语+宾补 ”的结构。其次找到宾补中的动词和宾语之间的关系，然后再决定宾补的形式。
★知识链接★
动词不定式作宾语补足语
有的动词后接带to的动词不定式作补语；有的动词后接不带to的动词不定式。
1）能以带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask，allow， get，warn，tell，invite，force， oblige， beg， wish，want， like， hate， expect， encourage， advise， persuade，permit， request， order， cause， know， call on等。例如：
Would you like me to help you? 你要我帮忙吗？
Body language helps you (to) communicate with foreigners.身势语有助于你同外国人交际。
I advise you not to eat fruit that isn't ripe in future.我劝你以后不要吃不熟的水果。
下列动词(词组)在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中要加上to，它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”——五看(look at，see，watch，notice，observe)；三使(make，let，have)；二听(listen to，hear)；一感觉(feel)。
I was in the kitchen cooking something and I felt the floor move.我在厨房，正做着饭，觉得地板动了。
It'll make the cabbage plants grow big and strong.它将使卷心菜植物长的又大又壮。
He was seen to get on the bus.有人看到他上了公共汽车。
The girl was made to cry.女孩被惹哭了。
动词keep，leave，set，catch及介词with后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.对不起，让您久等了。
We can’t leave such an important matter unfinished.我们不能让这样一件重要的事半途而废。
I caught him smoking a cigarette.我碰到他正在抽烟。
With a lot of work to do，he was not allowed to go out.由于有许多工作要做，他不被允许出去。
五、非谓语动词作定语
【考例1】(2018天津春,11)There have been many advances in medicine in recent years. That means money ????for medical research has been well spent.
A. used B. using C. to use D. to be used
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:近年来在医疗方面取得了很多进步,这意味着用于医疗研究的钱花对了地方。此处为非谓语动词作定语,修饰名词money。money与use之间为被动关系且表示完成之意,故需用过去分词，故答案选A。
【考例2】（2018·北京10） Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
A. used B. to use C. using D. use
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句，_________ correctly是条件状语，修饰ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词，A选项正确。
【考例3】(2018天津和平区一模,10)The latest survey, ????by the foreign company, found that more than 12% teenagers want to work as pilots.
A. to be conducted B. being conducted C. conducted D. having conducted
【答案】?C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这家外国公司进行的最新调查发现,超过12%的青少年想当飞行员。此处为非谓语动词作定语，名词survey和动词conduct之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。 to be conducted表示将来的被动动作;being conducted表示正在进行的被动动作;having conducted只能作状语，不能作定语。故答案选C。
【考例4】(2018天津南开区一模,9)The boys ????by the coach will take part in the sports meeting of the school next month.
chosen B. being chosen C. choosing D. to be chosen
【答案】?A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被教练选中的男孩将参加下个月学校的运动会。此处为 非谓语动词作定语,被修饰的名词the boys和choose之间为被动关系，故排除表示主动关系的C项，B项表示正在进行的被动动作，D项表示将来的被动，用过去分词作定语，表被动完成。故答案选A。动作,两者皆不符合语境，故被排除。
【考例5】(2017天津夏,10)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ????.
A. catching B. caught C. to catch D. to be caught
【答案】??C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我在会议期间一直看表，因为我要赶火车。 设空部分是a train的定语，根据句意可知应用不定式表示将来。catch的逻辑主语I又是句子的主语，故应用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义，故答案选C。
【考例6】(2017北京,30)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ????from butterflies to elephants.
ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：国家公园有一大批的野生动物，从蝴蝶到大象(种类繁多)。 根据语境可知，野生动物种类从蝴蝶到大象都有，此处用现在分词形式作定语，表示“包括(从……到……)之间的各类事物”，故答案选A。
【考例7】(2017北京,32)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ????with his students.
to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent
【答案】??D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：吉姆已经退休,但是他仍然记得和他的学生们一起度过的快乐时光。句子已经有了谓语，空格只能填非谓语动词，逻辑主语是time和spend之间是被动关系，故用过去分词spent。 故答案选D。
【方法探究】此类试题首先要分析句子结构，找到分词中的动词同所修饰的名词的关系。表示被动完成一般要用过去分词；表示动作正在进行且为主动则用现在分词；表示动作即将发生或要发生的行为一般需要用动词的不定式形式。
★知识链接★
①动词不定式作定语时，被修饰的名词一般是它的逻辑宾语；如果动词不定武中的动词是不及物动词时，要带有必要的介词来构成及物的动词短语，例如：
This is the best way to solve the problem.这是解决这个问题的最好的办法。
I am glad to have the chance to learn English.很高兴我有学习英语的机会。
The nurse has five children to look after.(=The nurse has five children whom she will look after.)这个保育员要照管五个孩子。
②现在分词作前置定语，与所要修饰的名词之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系；动名词作前置定语且只能作前置定语，则表示被修饰名词的目的、作用和用途。例如：
running shoes(跑鞋)，a drawing board(画板)，a swimming pool(游泳池)，a waiting room(候车室)，a walking stick(手杖)等。
The swimmer ran to the side of the swimming pool and dived off.
那游泳者奔到游泳池边，纵身跳下。
Polluted air and water are harmful to people's health.污染的空气和水是对人们的健康有害的。
the falling leaves the leaves that are falling；a reading room—a room for reading。
③单个分词作定语，通常位于所要修饰的名词前面；而分词短语作定语则通常置于被修饰名词的后面，称为后置定语。例如：
We needed much more qualified teachers.我们需要更多的合格的教师。
The young man sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper. 坐在约翰和玛丽之间的那个年轻小伙子是校园报的编辑。
The young man seated between John and Mary was the editor of campus newspaper.坐在约翰和玛丽之间的那个年轻小伙子是校园报的编辑。
④被修饰的名词一般是现在分词的逻辑主语；过去分词则与其构成动宾关系，使其成为逻辑宾语。
⑤现在分词作定语表示动作正在进行或当时的状态；过去分词则表示动作先发生或已经完成。例如：
Those wishing to join this club should sign here. (=Those who wish to join the club should sign here.) 想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。
The man standing (= who is standing) by the window will give us a report.站在窗口的那个人将给我们作报告。
The man disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. (The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.) 由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。
六、考查非谓语动词作状语
1.考查作目的状语
【考例1】（2018·北京6）During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：过中秋节的时候,家庭成员通常会聚在一起吃饭、赏月和品尝月饼。根据句意可知家庭成员聚在一起的目的是吃饭、赏月和品尝月饼，因此用不定式。故答案选B。
【考例2】(2018天津高考压轴卷,11) ????time, the teacher had us do half of the exercises in class and complete the other half for our homework.
A. To save B. Save C. Saving D. Having saved
?A 句意:为了节省时间,老师让我们在课堂上做一半的练习,另一半作为家庭作业。考 查非谓语动词。由句意可知此处表目的,故需用动词不定式,选A。
【考例3】(2018天津河西区一模,9) ????his love, Chris sent his mom a thank you note on Mother’s Day.
A. Expressing B. Expressed C.To express D. Having expressed
【答案】?C
【解析】查非谓语动词。句意:为了表达他的爱,克里斯在母亲节那天给他妈妈发了一封感谢信。考此处为非谓语动词作目的状语,故用不定式,选C。
【考例4】（2017·北京卷27.）Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ______ their valuable time.
A. save B. saving C. to save D. saved
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多航空公司现在允许乘客网上打印他们的登机牌来节省时间。此处是动词不定式表目的，故答案选C。
【考例5】(2017天津春,3) ????more about amazing animal facts, he made a trip to the nearby nature reserve.
A.Finding out B. Found out C. To find out D. Being found out
?【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:为了发现更多令人惊奇的有关动物的事实,他去了一次附近的自然保护区。此处应用不定式作目的状语,故选C。
2.考查作结果状语
【考例1】（2018·江苏26） Around?13,500?new?jobs?were?created?during?the?period, _______ the?expected?number of 12,000 held?by market?analysts.
A. having?exceeded B. to?exceed C. exceeded D. exceeding
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造13,500个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的12,000的预期数量。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故答案选D。
【考例2】.(2018天津和平区三模,9)The Ministry of Education approved the launch of Westlake University on Monday, ????a milestone in its construction and development history.
A.to mark B. marked C. marking D. being marked
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:教育部周一批准了西湖大学的成立,这是它的建设和发展历史上的一个里程碑。此处表顺其自然的结果,故需用doing;选C。
【考例3】（2017·天津卷14） The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _____ more patients to be treated.
A. being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备，允许更多的病人被治疗。前句购进医疗设备和后面允许更多的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系，用doing即现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。A. being allowed 表示被动且正在进行 C. having allowed 强调先于谓语动词发生 D. allowed 表示被动且完成，故答案选B。
【考例4】.(2017北京海淀区二模,27)In Australia, many road signs are now both in English and Chinese, ???? it easier for Chinese tourists to travel.
A.making B. made C. make D. makes
【答案】?A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在澳大利亚,许多路标现在都用英文和中文标识,使中国游客旅行起来更容易了。现在分词表示自然而然的结果。故选A。
3.考查作时间状语
【考例1】.(2018天津十二校二联,14) ????from university, Peter spent two years doing a part-time job before finally finding a position in a small company.
A.Graduate B. Graduated C. Being graduated D. Having graduated
?【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:彼得大学毕业后,花了两年时间做兼职工作,最后在一家小公司找到了一份工作。分词所表动作先于句子谓语动词的动作发生,且与其逻辑主语Peter之间为主动关系,故需用现在分词的完成式作时间状语,选D。
【考例2】（2016·浙江19）I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do with students.
A. working B. work C. to work D. worked
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我在海上航行和现在和学生一起一样快乐。使用非谓语动词作状语，I和work是主谓关系，用现在分词作时间状语。故选A。
【考例3】(2016北京海淀区二模,21) ???? back in his chair, the man began to tell us his adventures in the forests.
A.Sit B. Sitting C. To sit D. Sat
?【答案】?B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:坐回到自己的椅子上,这个人开始给我们讲述他在森林中的冒险经历。此处为现在分词短语作时间状语,相当于After he sat back in his chair。
4.考查作伴随状语
【考例1】.(2018天津春,6)Mrs. Taylor went around the shops, ????what she thought was necessary.
A.ordered B. ordering C. to have ordered D. having been ordered
?【答案】?B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:泰勒夫人逛了商店,订购了一些她认为必需的东西。Mrs. Taylor和order之间为主动关系;非谓语动词动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,在句中作伴随状语,需用doing,故选B。
【考例2】(2018天津十二校二联,10)The spokesperson spoke very slowly, ????what he would say.
A.being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:发言人说得很慢,权衡着他要说的话。此处为现在分词作伴随状语;其逻辑主语The spokesperson 和weigh之间为主动关系,且表示伴随状况,故用现在分词的一般式。
【考例3】(2018天津南开区三模,13)With her attention ????on the book, the girl sat there quietly.
A.fixing B. to be fixed C. fix D. fixed
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:那个女孩静静地坐在那里,把她的注意力集中在书上。此处为with复合结构,即“with+宾语+宾补”,作伴随状语;fix one??s attention on sth.为固定搭配,fix与attention之间为被动关系,故此处需用done,故选D。
【考例4】（2017·江苏卷21.）Many Chinese brands, _______ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.
A. having developed B. being developed C. developed D. developing
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。brands是逻辑主语，和develop是主谓关系，所以用现在分词，表示伴随状况；再根据“over centuries”可知，应该使用现在分词的完成式，故选A。句意：许多中国品牌，享誉数百年，现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。
5.考查作条件状语
【考例1】(2018天津河西区二模,5) ????a more favorable term, we’ll contact you and decide whether to accept it.
A.To offer B. Offering C. Offered D. Having offered
?【答案】?C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果被提供更优惠的条件,我们将与你方联系,并决定是否接受。句子主语即非谓语动词的逻辑主语和动词offer之间为被动关系,故用过去分词短语作条件状语,选C。
7.考查作原因状语
【考例1】(2018天津红桥区二模,8) ????an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.
A.Offer B. To offer C. Offering D. Offered
【答案】?D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:安迪在一部新电影中扮演了一个重要的角色,他得到了一次成名的机会。逻辑主语Andy和动词offer之间为被动关系,故需用过去分词表原因,选D。
【考例2】(2018江苏高三压轴冲刺卷,34) ???? approximately 13 feet by 12 feet, the room makes a nice study for my brother, a senior 3 student.
A.Measured B. Having measured C. Being measured D. Measuring
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这个房间大约13英尺长12英尺宽,作为我上高三的哥哥的一间书房很不错。measure为系动词,没有被动语态,故首先排除被动意义的A、C项;B项为现在分词的完成式,意为非谓语动词所表示的动作先于句子谓语动词完成,语境中没有此意,故被排除。此处现在分词measuring作原因状语。
【方法探究】此类试题要首先分清主句和状语，并且还要观察句中是否有连词。其次还要确定非谓语动词和其逻辑主语之间的关系，进而选择该用哪种形式的分词或不定式。
★知识链接★
①分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随或方式、目的等；作状语时，是用现在分词还是用过去分词，取决于该动词与句子主语之间的关系。如果是逻辑上的主谓关系，一般用现在分词；如果是逻辑上的动宾关系，一般用过去分词。分词的完成时表示动作先于谓语动词发生。
Pressed from his parents，and realizing that he has wasted too much time，the boy is determined to stop playing video games.由于来自父母的压力，以及认识到浪费了太多的时间，这个男孩决定不玩电子游戏了。(表示原因)
Having been told many times，he finally understood it.被告诉了许多次，他终于明白了。(表示时间)
Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks even more beautiful.从山顶上看，这个公园显得更加美丽。(see与主语the park之间存在动宾关系)
Seeing from the top of the hill，we find the park even more beautiful.从山顶上看，我们发现这个公园显得更加美丽。(see与主语we之间存在主谓关系)
某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，此时这些过去分词表示一种状态。这样的词有：lost (迷路的)，seated (坐)，lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)，dressed in (穿着)，tired of (感到厌倦)，faced with (面对)等。
Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。
Dressed in a red coat，he is like a girl rather than a boy.穿着一件红色衣服，他更像一个女孩。
3．不定式作状语主要表示原因、目的、结果等。表原因时常用在表情感和态度的形容词后。如be happy/sorry/surprised/ashamed等；表目的时其前可加上in order或so as (so as to do一般不放在句首)；表结果时其前通常与only连用，往往表示出乎意料的结果。不定式的插入结构作状语，为固定短语结构。如：to be honest/to tell you the truth(老实说)，to be frank(说实话，坦率地说)，to begin with(首先)，to start with(首先)，to be more exact(更确切地说)，to sum up(总之，概括地说)等。
They were surprised to find that nobody was in the house.发现屋子里空无一人，他们很奇怪。(表示原因)
The man has to do some part-time jobs in his spare time so as to support his family.那人为了养家不得不在业余时间做些零活。(表示目的)
Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去机场，却发现他要乘坐的飞机高高地飞在空中。(表示结果)
To be honest/To tell you the truth，I am a writer.跟你说实话吧，我是个作家。
七、考查独立主格结构
【考例1】(2018天津南开区三模,13)With her attention ????on the book, the girl sat there quietly.
A.fixing B. to be fixed C. fix D. fixed
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:那个女孩静静地坐在那里,把她的注意力集中在书上。此处为with复合结构,即“with+宾语+宾补”,作伴随状语;fix one’s attention on sth.为固定搭配,fix与attention之间为被动关系,故此处需用done,故选D。
【考例2】(2018江苏苏锡常镇四市二模,30)About 10 bike-sharing companies have gone broke since last September, ????failing to return deposits to users and their deserted bicycles crowding side- walks.
A.some of which B.some of them C.of which some D.which of them
【答案】?B
【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意:自去年9月以来,约有10家自行车共享公司破产,其中一些公司未能将押金返还给用户,它们被遗弃的共享单车堆放在人行道上。因为逗号后面的句子缺少谓语,不构成定语从句,故排除A、C两项,此处为带有自己逻辑主语的现在分词的独立主格结构,故选B。
【考例3】(2018江苏苏北四市高三一调,24)Big data is the driving force behind this zone??s development, a steady stream of new big data construction projects constantly ????.
A.being introduced B. introducing C. having introduced D. to be introduced
【答案】A
【解析】考查分词的独立主格结构。句意:伴随着源源不断的新大数据建设项目的不断涌现,大数据成了该地区发展的动力。独立主格结构的逻辑主语new big data construction projects和动词introduce之间为被动关系,且表示现在正在发生的事,需用being done,故选A。
【考例4】(2018江苏南京一模,8)White snow ????the small village after a big snowfall, tourists found themselves stepping into a fantastic fairyland.
A.blanketing B. blanketed C. being blanketed D. to blanket
?【答案】A
【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意:大雪过后,小村庄被白雪覆盖了,游客们发现自己踏进了一个神奇的仙境。逗号后面是完整的句子,逗号前面需用非谓语动词。此处为独立主格结构作原因状语;题干中White snow 和blanket 之间是主动关系,且blanket 与found所表动作同时发生,故需用现在分词的一般式;答案为A。
【方法探究】独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
★知识链接★
独立主格结构由“普通格名词(或主格代词)＋分词、不定式、名词、形容词、副词或介词短语”构成，在句中作状语，通常用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。
(1)名词/主格代词＋现在分词（名词/主格代词与现在分词之间是主谓关系）。
The girl staring at him(＝As the girl stared at him)，he didn't know what to say.
女孩两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。
(2)名词/主格代词＋过去分词（名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系）。
The problems solved(＝As the problems were solved)，the quality has been improved.
随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。
(3)名词/主格代词＋不定式（名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系，且强调的是一次具体性的动作）。例如：
He is going to make a model plane，some old parts to help.
借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。
(4)with复合结构(with＋宾语＋宾语补足语)作状语，是用现在分词、过去分词还是动词不定式作宾语补足语，关键是看宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系。
With time passing by(time和pass之间为主动关系)，he almost forgot everything in the past.
随着时间的流逝，他几乎忘记了过去所有的事情。
He sat on the chair，with his hands tied(hands和tie之间为被动关系)behind his back.
他坐在椅子上，双手在背后捆着。
2．there be句型的非谓语形式。例如：
I’ve never dreamed of there being a picture on the wall.我从未想到墙上会有幅画。
I expect there to be many chances for her to get a job.我希望她有很多机会找到工作。
There being ice on the road，I told the driver to slow down.路上有冰，我让司机减速慢行。
There having been no water for two days，the travelers were all very thirsty.已经两天都没有水了，所有游客都非常渴。
八、考查 “连词＋分词(短语)”结构
【考例1】When ???? to danger, men tend to increase blood pressure, ???? nervous or anxious.
A.exposed; feeling B. exposed; felt C. exposing; felt D. exposing; feeling
?【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词和省略。句意:面对危险时,人们往往会血压升高,感到紧张或焦虑。第一空为When men are exposed to danger的省略, 省去了和主句相同的主语和be动词;第 二空为现在分词作伴随状语。故选A。
【考例2】(2016浙江杭州学军中学五月模拟,10)New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before ???? ????.
A.being fully accepted B. fully accepting
C. having fully accepted D. fully accepted
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:有时新理念不得不等待数年才会被完全接受。此处before为介词,故其后需用动名词形式;又因主语new ideas和动词accept之间为被动关系,故需用动名词的被动形式,选A。
【方法探究】
★知识链接★
分词短语作状语时，有时前面可用一个连词，表示强调或出于表达需要，常用的连词有：when，while，after，before，if，though，whether...or...，unless，as if等。有时这种结构可看成是状语从句的省略。例如：
After taking the medicine，she felt better.
吃过药后，她感觉好些了。
You should stay where you are，unless asked to leave.
你应该呆在你现在的地方不动，除非让你动。
选择题（Choose the best answer）
1.（南京市 2019 届高三年级学情调研） a striking look with a sea of lavender flowers, Guli has become a famous attraction in Nanjing.
A．Wearing B. To wear C. To be wearing D. Having won
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。由题干可知，该题只需判断动作与谓语的先后关系：有着薰
衣草花 海的迷人风貌，谷里变成了南京著名的旅游景点。由此可知，表述一般的情况，BC
表示将来，D 表示已经，只有 A 表一般情况，因此选 A。
2.（徐州市2018考前模拟31）Neon-lights are affecting the birds’ biological clock, leading to them _______ when they should be asleep.
A. awaken B. being awake C. waking D. to wake
【答案】B
【分析】本题考查非谓语动词。根据lead to +doing sth可知在BC中选，同时要和them搭配，故选择B项。
3.（2018年江苏省南通,徐州等七市五月联考29） ______ to pension and free medical care, senior citizens in our village are properly looked after and live happy lives.
A. Entitling B. Being entitled C. Entitled D. Having entitled
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。Be entitled to 享有…的权利，在这里过去分词做状语表示被动和已经完成的动作，因为享有抚恤金和免费的医疗服务，我们镇上的人们得以幸福生活。故选C。
4.（南京师范大学附属中学2018届5月模考30.）Thanks to the “sugar tax”， food factories have reduced sugar in their products, ________ about 45 million kilograms of sugar.
A. to save B. saved C. saving D. having saved
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为：多亏了“糖税”，食品工厂已经减少了产品中的糖，节约了4500万的糖。此处是主句导致的结果，故选择C项。
5.（南京市2018届第三次模考28）The selfie has inspired risk-taking behavior,_______ the boundaries of safety, whether by hanging from a skyscraper or posing with live explosives.
A．pushed B. to push C. pushing D. having pushed
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。这里逗号加v-ing表示的是一种顺其自然的结果，“自拍激发了很多危险动作，引发了很多危险”，选C。
6.（南京市2018届第三次模考33）The banker finds it difficult _______just as an ordinary human being at home.
A．to treat B. to be treated C. to have treated D. to have been treated
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态语态。被对待，表示被动，排除AC，不存在表示过去的含义，不需要用have，排除D，故选B。
7.（北京市精华学校2018年高三考前测试7）Professor Li ________ for his informative lecture, was warmly received by the students.
A. known B. knowing C. having known D. to be known
【答案】A
【解析】考查过去分词短语作后置定语的用法。句意：那位以内容丰富的讲座著称的教授受到学生的热烈欢迎。分析句子可以看出Professor Wang与动词know为被动关系，所以要用动词过去分词形式作后置定语，修饰Professor Wang，(be) known for sth意为“以…而著称/闻名”。故选A。
8.（北京市精华学校2018年高三考前测试11）A fireworks display was organized ________ the Queen’s birthday.
A. to mark B. marked C. having marked D. being marked
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了庆祝女王的生日，组织了一次烟花表演。此处要用to do不定式在句中做状语，表目的。故选A。
9.（北京市精华学校2018年高三考前测试13）________ two hours daily has made considerable difference to my physical condition.
A. To walk B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：每天两小时的步行已经对我的身体状况起了重要的影响。此处的空在句中做主语，再根据walk与“我”之间是主动关系，要用doing。故选B。
10.（北京中国人民大学附属中学2018届高三考前热身14）The problem with the current system allows anyone to commit a similar crime without . It needs to be fixed.
A. being punished B. punished C. to punish D. punishing
【答案】A
【解析】考查动名词一般式的被动形式。句意：现行制度的问题是允许任何人在不受惩罚的情况下犯下类似的罪行。介词后面用动名词作宾语，另外anyone和punish之间是被动关系，所以这里用动名词一般式的被动形式作宾语。故答案选A。
11.（北京中国人民大学附属中学2018届高三考前热身）The young man, in heavy traffic on the way, got home an hour later than usual.
A. catching B. caught C. having caught D. to be caught
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。 句意：这个年轻人，在路上堵车了，比往常到家晚了一个小时。Be caught in“陷入”，做状语时省掉be动词，表示状态，选B。
12.（北京中国人民大学附属中学2018届高三考前热身4）The 19th Party Congress drew up a blueprint for China’s development in the next three decades and more. this blueprint into reality, we must be down-to-earth in our approach, take one step at a time as we move forward and deliver solid outcomes.
A. Turning B. Turned C. Turn D. To turn
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词不定式做目的状语。句意：第19届党代会为中国未来三十年的发展制定了蓝图。要把这一蓝图变为现实，我们必须脚踏实地，在前进的道路上迈出一步，取得坚实的成果。此处是动词不定式做目的状语，故答案为D。
13.（江苏省启东中学2018届高三最后一模9）________ the oil under the sea, the company has raised ample funds to develop petroleum exploration equipment.
A. Exploiting B. Having exploited C. To exploit D. Exploited
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了探索海底石油，该公司筹集了充足的资金来开发石油勘探设备。“________ the oil under the sea”是目的状语，表目的，应用动词不定式，故C选项正确。
14.（江苏省启东中学2018届高三最后一模4）The educational reform is now under way throughout the country, ________ the students more opportunities to develop to their greatest potential.
A. to grant B. having granted C. granting D. granted
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：全国正在进行教育改革，给了学生们更多发挥最大潜力的机会。“________ the students more opportunities to develop to their greatest potential”是非限制性定语，修饰主句The educational reform is now under way throughout the country，主句和grant之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。C选项正确。
15.（天津市第一中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考7） in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
A. To absorb B. To be absorbed C. Absorbed D. Absorbing
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到晚上到了。短语be absorbed in全神贯注于，在句中作状语。故选C。
16.（天津市耀华中学2018届高三上学期第二次月考9） If the project ________ before the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.
A. completed B. being completed C. to be completed D. completing
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。从语境可以看出，如果建筑工程被耽搁的话，建筑公司将被罚款，所以工程应当是正在被建，将要被完成。所以要用动词不定式to be completed．．．短语作定语。故选C。
二、句型训练（Choose the right words in brackets）
1.Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students ________ (talk) over what is bothering them.
【答案】to talk
【解析】句意：有时候为了让同学们详细谈谈他们的烦恼，我只当听众。本题考查不定式的复合结构(for...to do)作目的状语。根据题干中的“for fellow students”可知设空处用不定式形式作目的状语。
2.________ (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
【答案】Understanding
【解析】句意：对你自己的交流需求及交流风格加以理解和学会表达你的爱和情感一样重要。动名词短语在此作主语。
3.The manager was satisfied to see many new products ________ (develop) after great effort.
【答案】developed
【解析】句意：经理看到经过巨大努力许多新产品被研发出来非常满意。本题考查非谓语动词作宾补。many new products与develop之间是被动关系，所以要用过去分词。
4.While waiting for the opportunity to get ________ (promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
【答案】promoted
【解析】句意：亨利在等待获得升职机会的同时，在尽力做好自己的本职工作。promote和逻辑主语Henry是逻辑上的被动关系，故使用过去分词。
5.There are still many problems ________ (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
【答案】to be solved
【解析】句意：在我们准备好在月球上长久停留之前，仍然还有许多问题有待解决。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。根据句意可知“这些问题还未解决”，“to be solved”既表被动又表示将来。
6.The lecture ________ (give), a lively question-and-answer session followed.
【答案】having been given
【解析】句意：演讲之后，紧跟着一个生动的问答环节。The lecture是give的逻辑主语，两者间为被动关系，且该动作发生在谓语动词followed之前，故应使用现在分词完成式的被动形式，“The lecture having been given”是独立主格结构，在句中作时间状语。
7.It's standard practice for a company like this one ________ (employ) a security officer.
【答案】to employ
【解析】句意：对于像这样的一家公司来说，雇用一位保安是例行做法。本题考查非谓语动词作主语。分析句子结构可知句首的It是形式主语，“to employ a security officer”为真正的主语，“for...to do sth.”为不定式的复合结构。
8.________ (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.
【答案】Having spent
【解析】句意：作为一名交换生在香港度过一年后，琳达看起来比同龄人更成熟。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。分析题干可知，非谓语动词与其逻辑主语Linda之间为主动关系，且非谓语动词所表达的动作发生在句子谓语appears之前，所以用现在分词的完成式。
9.A week before the World Earth Day, posters were put up around our school, _________(call) on us to join in the activities for a greener earth.
【答案】calling
【解析】考查现在分词作伴随状语。分析句子结构，此处的“号召”应该是伴随状语，和其逻辑主语posters是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用calling。
10. __________(Watch) the flag rising in the brilliant sun, we were quite excited and proud of our motherland.
【答案】Watching
【解析】句意：在明媚的阳光下观看升旗仪式，我们十分激动并为我们的祖国感到骄傲。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。主语we与watch之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故用Watching作状语。
三、语法填空
（2018 武汉市部分学校新高三起点调研测试）
World Sleep Day falls on March 1. This year’s theme concerns sleep and women.
More women suffer from insomnia (失眠)than men, but only 4 percent of them go to a doctor to get help. Beijing’s The First newspaper ____1____(report) recently. A study by ____2____ international organization in the paper said that women ____3____(age) 10 to 20 sleep six hours and 1 minutes a day ____4____ average.
Young people have also been shown to suffer from a lack of sleep. Statistics from a Chinese medical research centre show that in ____5____(city) like Beijing and Shanghai, 20 percent of young people suffer from insomnia, and 80 percent suffer from great tiredness due to poor quality sleep.
Experts blame heavy ____6____(press) and competition at work for poor ____7____(sleep) habits. The long-term effects can be unhappiness, anxiety and depression, ____8____ can in turn lead to chronic illnesses (慢性病), ____9____(especial) in women.
There are, however, a couple of tricks for getting a good sleep, such as maintaining an optimistic attitude, keeping a regular, ____10____(day) routine, or finding time for sports. Also, you can develop healthy habits, such as keeping the bedroom clean and avoiding tea, coffee, or wine before meals.
【答案】1. reported 2. an 3. aged 4. on 5. cities 6. pressure
7. sleeping 8. which 9. especially 10. daily
【解析】文章大意：越来越多的女性患失眠症，文章主要分析了女性失眠的原因及对策。
考查时态。根据句意可知用一般过去时。句意：北京《竞报》最近报道到。故填reported。
考查冠词。名词organization为可数名词，根据前面的形容词international乐赚，用不定冠词an。句意：国际组织论文中的一项研究。故填an。
考查非谓语动词。名词women与age之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。句意：年龄在10-20岁之间的妇女平均一天睡6小时1分钟。故填aged。
考查介词。短语on average平均。句意：年龄在10-20岁之间的妇女平均一天睡6小时1分钟。故填on。
考查名词。名词city为可数名词，根据句意可知用复数形式。句意：来自中国医学研究中心的统计数据表明在像北京上海的城市里。故填cities。
考查名词。形容词heavy后接形容词形式。句意：专家归咎于工作中的压力和竞争导致睡眠习惯差。故填pressure。
考查名词。名词sleeping，表示“睡眠”之意。句意：专家归咎于工作中的压力和竞争导致睡眠习惯差。故填sleeping。
考查定语从句。句中which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前一句话。句意：长期的影响可能是不愉快、焦虑和抑郁，反之又能导致慢性病。故填which。
考查副词。副词especially在句中介词短语。句意：尤其是女性。故填especially。
考查形容词。修饰名词routine，前用形容词形式。句意：比如保持乐观的态度，保持规律的日常生活。故填daily。
四、短文改错（安徽省合肥市2019届高三上学期调研性检测）Our class organized visit to the Joy Nursing Home, that is next to our school, last Sunday. On our arrival, we begin to help the senior people do the cleaning. After that, some of my classmate put on interesting performances, but then we played games with them. All of them were amusing and laughed happily. We were such lost in the activities that we forgot the time .At noon, we were all had to say goodbye to them. And they were extreme grateful to us for their visit.
【答案】1. 在visit前添加a 2. that 改为which 3. begin改为began 4. classmate改为classmates 5. but改为and 6. amusing改为amazed 7. such改为so 8. 删除were
9. extreme改为extremely 10. heir改为our
【解析】本文为记叙文。上周日，我们班组织参观了我们学校旁边的欢乐疗养院。我们帮助老人打扫卫生，同学还进行了有趣的表演，和他们一起玩游戏。老人们都很开心。道别时他们感谢我们的来访。
1. 考查冠词。上星期日，我们班组织了一次参观我们学校旁边的欢乐疗养院。表示数量“一”，故在visit前添加a
2.考查定语从句。分析句子Our class organized visit to the Joy Nursing Home, that is next to our school, last Sunday可知，本句是非限制性定语从句，that指代前面的养老院，非限制性定语从句不能用that,只能用which，所以把that 改为which
3. 考查谓语动词。句意：本文主要是讲述上周的事，所以在用一般过去时。所以句中的谓语动词要用一般过去时，故把begin改为began
4.考查名词复数。句意：一些同学进行了有趣的表演。分析短语some of my classmate可知，本句中指的是同学们中的一些人，是复数形式，故把classmate改为classmates。
5. 考查连词。句意：一些同学进行了有趣的表演，而且后来我们和他们一起玩游戏。分析句意，可知这两句前后是并列关系，而非转折关系，所以but改为and 。
6.考查形容词。句意：他们都被逗乐了，笑得很开心。amusing意为“有趣的，好玩的”，一般修饰物，而amazed 意为“被逗笑的，愉快的”，一般修饰人的心情。本句中的amusing用于修饰人是错误的，所以要把amusing改为amazed 。
7.考查固定搭配。我们都沉浸在这些活动中，以至于忘记了时间。such是形容词，用法： such+a（n）（+adj.）+单数可数名词+that从句；so是副词，修饰形容词，其用法为：so+adj.+a/an+可数名词的单数+that从句。本句中的lost为形容词，所以只能用so修饰，不能用such，故把such改为so。
8.考查谓语动词。句意：中午，我们都不得不向他们道别。分析句子we were all had to say goodbye to them.可知，本句中的谓语动词是had to say，所以were是多余的，因此要删除were
9.考查副词作状语。分析句子And they were extreme grateful to us for their visit.extreme可知，句中的形容词extreme修饰形容词grateful，修饰形容词要用副词，因此要用其副词形式extremely，因此把extreme改为extremely
10. 考查代词。分析语境可知，他们非常感谢我们的（our）来访，而不是他们的（their）,故把their改为our。
