句型-there be句型
通用版 小升初专题
Lead in
小朋友,在教室里有什么呢?
那“有”怎么表示你知道么?
There be 句型是一种表示“存在”的句型。there作为形式主语,后面加be动词的某种形式,再接名词和名词短语作为实义主语,最后表示时间或者地点的状语。
Lead in
在小升初考试中,There be 句型一般以选择题或者句型转换题出现一道,会考:
1.过去时态下be动词的选择
2.变否定句
3.变一般疑问句及回答
4.特殊疑问句的提问(难点)
5.就近原则(重点)
Lead in
一,There be句型的一般结构。
There+be+名词/名词短语+地点状语/时间状语。例如:
Language points
文具盒里有一支钢笔。
There is a pen in the pencil box.
农场里有一些奶牛。
There are some cows on the farm。
二,be动词的形式
There be句型中的谓语动词be通常要与后面的名词或名词短语保持“数”的一致。现在时态下,单数或者不可数名词选择is,复数名词选择are。过去时态下用was,were。例如:
Language points
桌子上有一台台灯。
There is a lamp on the table.
桌子上有四本书。
There are four books on the table.
三,There be结构的句型转换-否定句
通常情况下,be动词后加not, 如果句中有some,要变成any。例如:
Language points
碗里有一些面条。
There are some noodles in the bowl.
碗里没有一些面条。
There aren't any noodles in the bowl.
四,There be结构的句型转换-一般疑问句
把be动词提到there 前,首字母大写,句末用句号即可。句中有some要变成any。其肯定答语是:Yes, there is/are;否定答语为:No, there isn't / aren't.
Language points
-门口有一个男人么?-是的,有。/不,没有。
-Is there a man at the door?
-Yes, there is. /No,there isn't.
五,There be结构的句型转换-特殊疑问句
(1)对句子的主语进行提问时,句型结构为“What is+地点介词短语(无论主语是单数还是复数都用is)。例如:
Language points
大街上有一些男孩。
There are some boys in the street.
大街上有什么?
What's in the street?
五,There be结构的句型转换-特殊疑问句
(2)对可数名词前的数量进行提问时,句型结构为“How many+复数名词+are there+其他?”(无论主语是单数还是复数都用are)。
Language points
我们学校有五千名学生。
There are five thansands students in my school。
你们学校有多少学生?
How many students are there in your school?
六,There be句型的就近原则
如果there be句型中有几个并列主语时,be动词的形式要与离它最近的主语保持一致。例如:
Language points
晚餐有鸭肉和绿色蔬菜。
There is duck and green vegetables for supper.
晚餐有绿色蔬菜和鸭肉。
There are green vegetables and duck for supper.
There be和have的区别
There be表示某地”存在/有“某人或某物;而have表示某人“拥有”某物。强调所有关系,主语多是人。
Improve
房前有些树。(存在)
There are some trees in front of the house.
汤姆在中国有许多朋友。(拥有)
Tom has many friends in China.
Practice
真题演练:句型转换。
There were many people in the zoo.(改为一般疑问句)
答案:Were there many people in the zoo?
解析:句意是动物园里有许多人。根据一般疑问句的用法可知,要将be动词were提前,其后单词依次照抄即可。故答案为:Were there many people in the zoo?
Practice
真题演练:句型转换。
There is a river.(改为一般疑问句及否定回答)
答案:-Is there a river?-No,it isn't.
解析:句意是有一条河。根据一般疑问句的用法可知,要将be动词is提前,其后单词依次照抄即可。否定回答是:No,it isn't.或者No,it aren't.这里选择No,it isn't.故答案为:-Is there a river?-No,it isn't.
Practice
真题演练:句型转换。
There are five buildings in my school.(对划线部分进行提问)
答案:How many buildings are in your school?
解析:句意是我们学校里有五个建筑物。特殊疑问句中there be句型结构为“How many+复数名词+are there+其他?”。故答案为:How many buildings are in your school?
Practice
随堂演练:填空题。
There _________ any juice in the bottle just now.
wasn't
解析:句意是刚才在瓶子里没有果汁。根据关键词any juice可知属于否定句,要使用否定副词not。再结合just now刚才可知,时态属于过去式。要使用be动词过去式was表达。二者组成否定结构wasn't。故填写wasn't。
Practice
随堂演练:填空题。
There _________ three pencils on the table.
are
解析:句意是桌子上有三根铅笔。根据there be句型中be动词用法可知,be要根据其后名词形式来变化。be后名词pencils是复数形式。因此be动词要使用复数形式are。故填写are。
Practice
随堂演练:填空题。
There _________ some flowers and a tree near the street.
are
解析:句意是街道附近有一些花和一棵树。根据there be句型的就近原则,be动词要与离它最近的主语保持一致。这里离它最近的主语是some flowers。故填are。
Practice
随堂演练:填空题。
There _________ a tree and some flowers near the street.
is
解析:句意是街道附近有一颗树和一些花。根据there be句型的就近原则,be动词要与离它最近的主语保持一致。这里离它最近的主语是a tree。故填are。
Practice
随堂演练:填空题。
I _________ a cute cat.
have
解析:句意是我有一只可爱的猫。there be句型表示的“有”是存在,have的“有”是拥有,根据句意知道这里指的是拥有。故填have。
Practice
模拟训练:选择填空。
1.There _____ a football game in our school.
A.has B.will have C.will be
C
解析:句意是在我们学校将有一场足球赛。there be句型表示的“有”是存在,have的“有”是拥有。这里的“有”表示的是一种存在,所以用there be句型,故选C。
Practice
模拟训练:选择填空。
2.There is _____ food here.We'll have to buy some.
A.any B.some C.no
C
解析:句意是这没有食物,我们不得不买一些。根据句意可知这里选的是没有“no”,故选C。
Practice
模拟训练:选择填空。
3. ______ no coffee left yesterday.
A. It being B. There being
C. It was D. There was
D
解析:句意是昨天没有咖啡了。因为咖啡是不可数名词,所以there be句型中的be选择is。句子中有yesterday,表示是过去时态。所以选择is的过去式was。故选D。
Practice
模拟训练:选择填空。
4.There ______ a pencil and 2 books on the desk.
A. were B. is C. are D. was
B
解析:句意是桌子上有一根铅笔和两本书。根据there be句型的就近原则,be动词要与离它最近的主语保持一致。这里离它最近的主语是a pencil。故选B。
Practice
模拟训练:选择填空。
5.There ______ 2 books, a ruler on the desk.
A. were B. is C. are D. was
C
解析:句意是桌子上有一根铅笔和两本书。根据there be句型的就近原则,be动词要与离它最近的主语保持一致。这里离它最近的主语是2
books。故选C。
Practice
模拟训练:选择填空。
6.______ no use to ask him this question.
A. There is B. Have C. Is having D. was
A
解析:句意是问他这个问题没有用。There be句型表示的“有”是存在,have的“有”是拥有。这里的“有”是存在的概念。故选A。
Practice
模拟训练:选择填空。
7. There ______ a lot of people waiting for the bus.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
A
解析:句意是有很多人在等这辆公交车。There be句型中的be跟随后面的主语。people可以指人们,所以这里用are。故选A。
Summary
be动词的形式:There be句型中的谓语动词be通常要与后面的名词或名词短语保持“数”的一致。现在时态下,单数或者不可数名词选择is,复数名词选择are。过去时态下用was,were。
There be句型变否定:通常情况下,be动词后加not, 如果句中有some,要变成any。
There be句型变一般疑问句:把be动词提到there 前,首字母大写,句末用句号即可。句中有some要变成any。其肯定答语是:Yes, there is/are;否定答语为:No, there isn't / aren't.
Summary
There be句型变特殊疑问句:(1)对句子的主语进行提问时,句型结构为“What is+地点介词短语。(2)对可数名词前的数量进行提问时,句型结构为“How many+复数名词+are there+其他?”。
就近原则:如果there be句型中有几个并列主语时,be动词的形式要与离它最近的主语保持一致。
There be和have的区别:here be表示某地”存在/有“某人或某物;而have表示某人“拥有”某物。强调所有关系,主语多是人。
Homework
1. -Are there any maps on the wall? -_______
A. There are some. B. Yes, there is.
C. Yes, there is one. D. No, there are.
2. How many ____ are there in the picture?
A. woman B. women C. buy D. milk
3. There aren't ___ trees near the house. There is only one.
A. any B. some C. many D. much
4. There ___ two bowls of rice on the table.
A. is B. have C. has D. are
C
B
A
D
Homework
5. Are there ___ houses near the river? Yes, there are_______ .
A. some, some B. any, some C. any, any D. some, any
6.There are _____ days in a week.
A.the seven B.seventh C.the seventh D.seven
7.There are few _____ in the fridge.
A.vegetables B.fruit C.meat D.eggs
8.Look!There are some _____ on the floor.
A.child B.water C.boxes D.girl
B
D
A
C
Homework
9.There were two _____ people at yesterday's meeting.
A.hundreds B.hundreds of C.hundred
10.The letter from my uncle was short.There wasn't _____ news.
A.many B.a few C.much D.few
11.Oh,there isn't enough _____ for us in the lift.
A.ground B.floor C.place D.room
12.There _____ an English Evening next Tuesday.
A.was B.will be C.will have D.are going to be
C
C
D
B
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