2019中考英语精品讲义：动词（含答案）

第 10 页 共 10 页


（通用版）2019中考英语精品讲义：动词（含答案）
学科老师辅导讲义
学员姓名： 年 级： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：
授课日期 授课时段
授课主题 动词
教学内容
课前回顾 知识梳理知识点1：动词I. 动词的定义： 动词是表示动作或状态的词。 例如： work，工作 , study，学习，eat 吃。 II. 动词的分类： 1) 限定动词：限定动词在句中作谓语，有人称和数的变化。
2) 非限定动词：有动词不定式，动名词和分词三种。在句中不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。
3) 实义动词：有完整的词义，并能单独作谓语，实义动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。例如：study 学习, reach 到达, see 看见, rise 升起。
4）连系动词: 在句中作谓语动词，后面跟表语。连系动词有 be, seem, look, become, get, grow, feel。 5) 助动词: 只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态，语态和语气等动词形式。例如：do, shall, will, have, has.
6) 情态动词: 表示能力，义务，必要，猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词。情态动词有 can, will, have, be, should, do, would, 等 Can/ may/ must用法概览 情态动词许可猜测其他can可以 /表能力，“能够，会” be able tocan’t不可以不可能表示不能做，能力的缺失may可以可能表祝愿 May you be happy!must /一定表义务，必须 have tomustn’t不可以，禁止 / /随堂练习：1. You ________ lose your way if you walk alone in the mountains at night. A. may B. need C. should D. ought to 2. For our safety, we ______ drive cars after drinking any wines. A) can’t B) needn’t C) shouldn’t D) mustn’t 3. Can you speak louder, please? I ________ hear you clearly. A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. needn't D. can't 4. Passengers ______ stay seated during the take-off and landing. A) can B) may C) should D) must 5. Computers __________solve many difficult problems quickly. A) can B) must C) need D) should 6. It ________ be fantastic if more students join in the charity show tomorrow. A must B need C can D may 关于问答句 Can I…? Yes, you can/ may. No, you can’t/mustn’t.May I…?同上Must I…? Yes, you must. No, you needn’t.= No, you don’t have to.随堂练习：1.---Mum, can you buy me the new iPad after the High School Entrance Examination? --- I’m afraid I _______, dear. We are short of money now. A can’t B mustn’t C shouldn’t D needn’t 2. ---Must we finish the poster in class? ---No, you _________ . You can finish it after class. A．Mustn’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t关于need的考点情态动词：need do 行为动词：need to do，need sth.1. Plants and flowers __________ water and sun when they start growing. A. need to B. don't need C. needn't D. need 2. There is still quite a lot of meat in the fridge, so you __________ buy any more. A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t 3. The weather report says it won’t rain this afternoon, so you_________take an umbrella with you. A) shouldn’t B) mustn’t C) can’t D) needn’t 随堂练习：1. Passengers ______ stay seated during the take-off and landing. A) can B) may C) should D) must 2. Millie ______ come to attend your birthday party tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. A) may B) must C) need D) has to 3. Computers __________solve many difficult problems quickly. A) can B) must C) need D) should Some Americans think if students chew gum（咀嚼口香糖）in class, they _______ focus on their study. A) may not B) needn’t C) shouldn’t D) mustn’t 5. There is still quite a lot of meat in the fridge, so you __________ buy any more. A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. shouldn’t 6. The weather report says it won’t rain this afternoon, so you take an umbrella with you. A) shouldn’t B) mustn’t C) can’t D) needn’t 7. Cathy has to do the same thing every day. She ______ be very bored with her job. A) can B) need C) should D) must 8. —The manager says there’s no hot water after 8:00p.m. —You mean we ________ go to bed without a shower. How terrible! A) have to B) may C) must D) can 9. You ________ watch sports news for a while if you have finished your homework. A) must B) need C) should D) may 10. On School Open Day, parents ________ know how colorful their kids’ school life is. A) should B) can C) must D) need 11. For our safety, we ______ drive cars after drinking any wines. A) can’t B) needn’t C) shouldn’t D) mustn’t 12.Plants and flowers __________ water and sun when they start growing. A. need to B. don't need C. needn't D. need 13. You have already tried your best, so you ________ worry too much about the exams. A. can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't 14. Only you ________ do such a thing, I'm sure, and nobody else has such an ability. A. must B. should C. may D. can 15. You ______ worry about your son. He can take care of himself. A. can’t B. may not C. mustn’t D. needn’t 16 ---Mum, will you buy me the new iPad after the High School Entrance Examination? --- I’m afraid I _______, dear. We are short of money now. A can’t Bmustn’t C shouldn’t D needn’t[来源:Zxxk.Com] 17. It ________ be fantastic if more students join in the charity show tomorrow. A must B need C can D may 18. Nowadays even a small personal computer _________ store huge amounts of information. A. must B. need C. should D. can 19. Every citizen ________ try his best to protect our environment. It’s our duty. A. need B. must C. can D. may 20. ---Must we finish the poster in class? ---No, you _________. You can finish it after class. A．Mustn’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t 21. Christy has been in China for two years, but she still _______ speak Chinese. A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't D. shouldn't 22. Tom, you mustn't play with fire. You hurt yourself if you don't stop.
A. may B. can C. should D. need to 23. You ______ wash your car at the moment. It’s going to rain. A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t 24. Can you speak louder, please? I ________ hear you clearly. A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. needn't D. can't Keys: DAAAB DDADB DDBDD AADBB BAAD 非谓语动词非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle）。初中阶段需要掌握的主要是动名词和不定式的固定搭配，及使动用法的词现在分词和过去分词的用法差别。固定搭配： 1) enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 2) keep /keep on /carry on doing sth. 继续做某事 3) feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 4) practice doing sth. 练习作某事 5) give up doing sth. 放弃作某事 6) be good at/ do well in doing sth. 擅长作某事 7) pay attention to doing sth. 注意作某事 8) what about/ how about doing sth.….怎么样(好吗)? 9) Thank you for doing sth. 为…感谢某人 10) mind doing sth. 介意做某事 11) be used for doing sth./ be used to do sth. 被用来做某事 12) spend …(in) doing sth. 花时间作某时 13) be busy doing/ with sth. 忙于作某事 14) finish doing sth. 做完某事 15) look forward to doing. 盼望做某事 16) prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢…胜过… 17) be/get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 18) keep / stop/ prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 省略动词不定式的短语作宾补1) 一感、两听、三让、四看、半帮助 see/ hear/ feel/ notice/watch/ look at /listen to sb. do sth. 看见/听见/感觉/注意某人作某事 I heard her sing in the next room last night. （指事情过程，已经发生过了） I heard her singing in her room when I passed by. （指事情正在发生） make /let /have sb. do sth. 使/让某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 2) had better (not) do sth. 最好(不)做某事 3) Why don’t you/ not do sth.为什么不作某事同义词比较 1、stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事 2、forget / remember to do sth. 忘记/记得要去作某事[来源:Z,xx,k.Com] forget / remember doing sth. 忘记/记得曾经做过某事 3、used to do sth. 过去常常作某事 be used to do sth. 被用来作某事 be used to doing sth. 习惯于作某事 4、like /love doing sth. 喜欢做某事，抽象概念 like/love to do sth. 想要做某事，不一定是喜欢 5、v. ing 与 v. ed 用法：分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite， interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有： interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的 Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。 The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。 The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。 They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。 III. 动词的基本形式：英语动词有四种基本形式：动词原形，过去式，过去分词和现在分词。这四种动词形式和助动词一起构成动词的时态，语态和语气。 1) 动词的原形。就是词典中所给的形式。例如：be, have, buy, sit.
2) 动词过去式和过去分词的构成有规则的和不规则的两种形式。规则动词的过去式和过去分词，由在原形动词的后面加词尾 -ed 构成。例如：work - worked - worked. 不规则动词的过去式和过去分词的形式是不规则的，须要一一记忆。 例如：go - went - gone, do - did - done.
3) 动词的现在分词由动词原形加 -ing 构成。构成方法如下： a）一般情况在动词原形后加 -ing 。例如：go---going stand---standing
b）以不发音的 e 结尾的动词，去掉 e ，再加 -ing. 动词是闭音节的单音节词，或是以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词，而末尾只有一辅音字母时，这个辅音字母须双写，然后再加 ing。例如：arrive- arriving　　get- getting.
c）少数几个以 -ie 结尾的动词，须将 ie 变成 y ，再加 ing. 例如：die--dying lie--lying。 随堂练习：中考题1.As we all know, it's not polite to keep others __________for a long time. （2011上海中考） A.wait B. waited C. to wait D. waiting 2.You had better_______ because you have to drive back home. （2011上海中考） A. not drinking B. not drink C.don't drink D. not to drink3. Before going to the History Museum, our teacher told us _________ the public rules. （2010上海中考） A. obey B. to obey C. obeying D. obeyed4. The woman feels that she should let her son _______his own decision this time. （2009上海中考） A.makes B.make C.to make D.making 5. Susan finally became a popular singer after he practiced _________for years. （2009上海中考） A.sing B.to sing C.singing D.sang 6. Our headmaster asked us __________ a report on how to protect wild animals. （2008上海中考） A. write B. writing C. to write D. wrote 7.We’d better _____ off our mobile phones. The meet will start in a minute. A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. turned What are you going to do when you finish ______the room? A) to clean B)cleaning C)clean D)cleanedWe’ll make laws______ our environment. A) protected B) protecting C) to protect D) protect10. My little brother hopes the film Dad, Where are We Going, though he has seen it twice. A) to see B) see C) to seeing D) saw 11. While in college, Mike never minded extra work for his class. A) to do B) doing C) do D) did 12. To live a green life, we try ________ more energy and produce less pollution. A. to save B. save C. saves D. saved 13. Mr. White spent about one hour and a half __________ the accident report yesterday evening. A. write B. written C. writing D. to write 14. Children are often warned ______ the fire. ??? A)??not to play ???????B)?to play???????????? C)?don’t play??????????? D) doesn’t play 15. We’d rather _______ some books instead of playing computer games. A) read B) to read C) reading D) reads 课堂小结 课后复习1. Linda and her mother are busy_______ the necessary things into their suitcases. A) pack B) packing C) packed D) to pack 2. Even in the police station, the thief still denied ______ the girl’s wallet from her pocket. A) steal B) stole C) stealing D) to steal 3. All of the teachers and students hope ____a successful result in the project. A) have B)to have C)have D)having 4. All the people were amazed that the girl could keep ______ for hours. A) turn B) turning C) to turn D) turned 5. In order to have a good sleep, you should let your body______. A) relax B)relaxes C)to relax D)relaxing6. You had better with her about the colour and the size of the furniture.A) discussed B) discussing C) to discuss D).discussIt is not easy for the Chinese ______for a Visa(签证)to the USA.A. apply B. to apply C. applying D. appliedI’ll invite you to my new flat as soon as I finish ______it.A. decorating B. decorate C. to decorate D. decorated 9. If I can’t finish _____________my homework now, I’ll go on with it after supper. A. do B. doing C. did D. to do 10. Nowadays most of the Chinese have decided ____ a trip to Malaysia. A. don’t take B. not to take C. not take D. won’t take 11. During the summer holidays, the girl practised ___ the piano for three hours every day. A. play B. plays C. to play D. playing