2019年中考英语二轮语法专题讲义+练习：介词（带答案）

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（通用版）2019中考英语精品讲义：介词（带答案）
学科老师辅导讲义
学员姓名： 年级：九年级 辅导科目：英 语 学科教师：
授课日期 授课时段 08：00-10:00
授课主题 介词专项
教学内容
课前回顾单词默写作业讲解 知识梳理知识点一、方位介词：at、 in 和on 的用法区别： at表示较小的地点。 at the bus stop at home in表示较大的地方 in China in the world on表两物体接触。 There is a plate on the table.或表示在一个平面上 on the farm ★over above和on 的用法 over指在……正上方表垂直在上。 There is a bridge over the river. above指在上方属于斜上方 Raise your arms above your head. 2、in front of 和in the front of in front of 表“在…之前”范围外 There are some trees in front of the classroom. in the front of表“在……的前部”范围内 Our teacher usually sits in the front of the classroom. 3、in 、to和on in表示在某一地区的某方位属于某范围—— A in B to表示某一地区之外的某方位不属于该范围—— A to B on表示两地有地方相接—— A on B Beijing is in the north of China. Japan is to the east of China. Korea is on the east of China. 知识点二、时间介词——at、in和on at表具体的时间点：at one o’clock、at noon、at night in表世纪、年、季、月、星期：in the 1980s、in 2008 、in spring ，还可以表示某一天的某个部分。 in the morning/afternoon/evening 【例】36. The artist became well known _____ . A) in his thirties B) of thirty C) about thirty D) the thirtieth on 表具体某一天或具体某一天的上午：on a cold morning on Teacher’s Day. 【例】32. Shenzhou VII was launched September 25, 2008. A) at B) during C) in D) on★注意在含有this that 、next、 last 、tomorrow、 yesterday等词或词组前不用介词。 【after和in】 表示“时间”时的区别 ：in和after表示时间时都是“在……以后”的意思。 in表示从现在算起到若干时间以后用于一般将来时、过去将来时。 He’ll come back in a week. after表示从过去算起到若干时间以后用于一般过去时. He came back after a few days. 【辨析】in只可接时间段，after除接时间段以外还可接时间点。表示在将来某个时间后。【例】35. The plane will take off three hours. I must get to the airport at once.（2012闵行一模） A) at B)in C)on D)by ★注意：until和by的区别 by意为“不迟于某时间”其前多用结束性动词。 We can finish the work by the end of this month. ； 2、until用于否定句中意为“直到……才”其前的谓语动词多用结束性的用在肯定句中意为“直到……为止”其前谓语动词须用延续性动词。 I didn’t go to bed until my mother came home. I waited for my mother until she came home. 巩固练习1. You can always see people exercise in that park, even _____ cold winter mornings. A) on B) in C) at D) from 2. She told me they arrived in Shanghai ______the evening of October 20th. A. on??? B. in? C. to?? D. at源: 3. Our family celebrated Thanksgiving Day _________ November 28th, 2014.
A. for B. at C. in D. on 4. The English teachers had a special training session ______ Sunday mornings. A) in B) to C) on D) at 5. The opening ceremony of Wulong International Kite Flying Festival was held ______ the morning of April 4, 2015 in Chongqing. A) at B) in C) on D) by 6. The little boy wants to know which animals come out for food only_____ night. A) for B) at C)on D)in A A D C C B 【易混知识】 between 和among的区别——between常指 “在……两者之间”。among用于指“在……三者或三者以上的人或物之间”。如强调三者以上的人或事物之间也可用between. 如：Maria sits between Lucy and Lily. Miss Wang stands among her students. You shouldn’t eat between meals. across和through的区别——两者都用于表示“穿过越过”。across含有“从……表面穿过”之意或沿某一条线的方向而进行的动作。through含有“从……中间穿过”之意。表示游渡 乘船过海或河时用across. He can swim across the river. She had to push her way through the crowd to get to her son. 3. in with和by表示“用”时的区别——in主要表示 “用语言、声音等”with表示“用具体有形的东西”by表示“用……手段或方式”后常接动名词。 Can you sing this song in English ？ I write my homework with a pen. The girl made money by selling flowers. 【例】1. Finally the Greeks managed to capture the city of Troy______a trick in one night. A) with B)on C)by D)for C but、besides和except的区别——but表示 “除……之外”常与有否定意义的词连用。当but前有动词do时but后接动词原形except所带的人或物前面常有all every any on及其他复合词但在否定句中except 却没有排斥性besides表示“除……之外还有”它的意义是在原来的基础上加上besides除外的人或物其前常有other another other any other a few等词。 We can do nothing but wait.除了等我们什么也做不了。 All the students go to the zoo except Jim. 除了Jim所有的学生都去动物园了。 I have a few good friends besides you. 除了你之外我还有几个好朋友。 5. by in和on表旅行方式—— by: ①不涉及交通工具的名词时用：by sea 、by air②涉及交通工具的名词用单数用前面不加冠词或任何修饰语，如by ship by plane。 当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时用on或in名词前应有冠词物主代词指示代词等修饰语。在开放或半封闭型工具前用on 在封闭型工具前用in。如on my bike in a car. 巩固练习1. We’re doing much better______ English _______ our teacher’s help. A. in at B. at in C. in with D. with with 2. It’s very nice______ you to get me two tickets ______the World Cup. A. for of B. of for C. to for D. of to 3. With the development of transportation, it's convenient to go anywhere in Shanghai _______underground. A) in B)by C)with D)on C B B 知识点三：介词固定短语put+介词
put down 镇压,写下来
put forward 提出,提前,提供
put off 推迟,延期,打消,关上
put on 穿上,上演
put out 扑灭,关灯,生产,出版
put up 张贴,留某人过夜,建造 put into use 投入使用 put one's heart into 全心全意投入 2.look+介词look about [around](1) 环顾四周。(2) 随便看，到处看。(3) 到处寻找。 (4) 仔细考虑。
look after 照顾，照料，关心。
look at (1) 看……，注视……。看待。(3) 考虑(多用于含有否定意义的句子)。 (4) 检查。
look back (1) 回顾，回想。 (2) 停滞，畏缩，倒退(通常用于否定句)。
look down on [upon] 看不起，瞧不起
look for (1) 寻找。。(2) 期待，指望。 look forward to 期待，盼望。。注：该结构中的 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，所以其后接动词时要用动名词，而不用动词原形。 look into 调查，研究，了解。
look like(1) 看起来象。(2) 好象要，似乎要
look out(1) 向外看。。(2) 注意，当心，小心。。(3) 找出，挑选出。 look through 翻阅，浏览。
look up (1) 查阅，查找。 (2) 看望，拜访，找(人)。 (3) 好转。
look up to 尊敬。 3.get+介词 get up 起身；站起 get back 返回，回去，回家 get to 到达 get into 进入；陷入；养成（习惯）；对……感兴趣 get off从……下来；下车（船、飞机等） get on上车（船、飞机等） get close to接近；靠近 get in touch with与……取得联系 get ready for为……做准备 get along / on well with sb./sth.与某人相处融洽；某事进展顺利 4.go+介词 go ahead 先走，向前走，去吧，干吧 go to the cinema 看电影
go go bed 睡觉(make the bed 整理床铺) go to school (college) 上学(上大学)
go to (the) hospital 去医院看病　
go upstairs/downstairs 上/下楼 give back 归还，送回 give out 分发 give up 停止，放弃 give sb. a hand 助某人一臂之力 give sb. a call 给……打电话 give a lecture (a piano concert) 作讲座(举行钢琴音乐会) give lessons to 给……上课 give sb. a chance 给……一次机会 give a message to…… 给……一个口信 give sb. sth. or give sth. to sb. 给某人某物 return sth. to sb.= give sth. back to sb. 把某物归还给某人 give some suggestions 提建议 5.take+介词take one's advice 听从某人劝告
take place 发生 　 take one's place 坐……的座位，代替某人职务　 take (an active) part in (积极)参加(活动 take photos 拍照
take a bus/train, boat/ 乘公共汽车，火车 知识点4：常见短语中介词的搭配I 形容词+介词：be afraid of 害怕某事／做某事be angry with sb. 生某人的气be bad for对…… 有害be busy with sth. 忙于做某事be careful with 小心be difficult from 与……不同be familiar with 与……熟悉be famous for 因……而著名be famous as 作为……而出名be fond of 爱好be full of 充满be good to 对……友善be good at 擅长be late for 迟到be next to 紧挨着，接近be poor at 对……比较差be proud of 为……感到自豪be ready for 为……做好了准备be surprised at 对……感到惊奇be thankful to sb. for sth. 因……感谢某人 II 常用介词短语：at first起先，开始时 at home在家 at last最后，终于 at least至少 at present目前 at once马上 at school在学校 at the moment此刻，目前 at the same time同时 on business因公出差 on board在船上 on duty值班 on foot步行 on holiday在度假 one's way（to）在去……的路上 on show上演 on the air在播送 on time准时by air mail寄航空信件 by and by不久以后 by bus/air乘公共汽车／飞机 by day在日间 by night在晚间 by oneself亲自 by phone打电话 by ship/train乘船／火车 by the way顺便说（问）一下 for a while暂时，片刻 for example例如 for good永远 for the first time第一次 for the time being暂时，眼下 from day to day 一天一天地 from door to door挨家挨户 from then on从那时起 from time to time不时地 in a hurry匆忙地 in a minute一会儿 in a word简言之 in addition另外，还有 in charge of主管，负责 in common共同，共有 in danger处于危险中 in hospital住院 in fact事实上 in front of在……的前面 in no time立刻，马上 in other words换言之 in public当众，公开 in return作为回报 in surprise吃，凉 in the end最后，终于 in this way用这种方法 in trouble处于困境中 III 动词词组：break into闯入 care for照看 come across遇见，发现 compare with与……相比 depend on依靠 die of死于某种疾病 dress up穿着盛装，化妆 get along with与……相处 get rid of摆脱 go on a picnic去野餐go over复习 hold on不挂断（打电话用语） hurry off匆匆离开 join in参加 keep in mind牢记 laugh at嘲笑 learn from向……学习 learn sth．by heart用心记忆[来源:学科网ZXXK] look after照料，照看 look forward to盼望 make up one's mind下决心 see sb．off为某人送行 shake hands with与……握手 show sb. around带领某人参观 take part in参加 take in吸入，吸收 thank sb. for sth.因某事感谢某人 turn down关小，调低 wake sb. up叫醒某人 worry about担心，担忧 巩固练习 14年二模 1. The Great Green Wall can stop the wind and sand ______ moving to the rich land in the south of China. A) from B) with C) at D) on 2. It takes me an hour on average to get from home ______ my workplace every day.with B. at C. by D. to 3. It’s essential for citizens to know that the haze(雾霾)can do harm ______ people’s health. A) with B) for C) on D) to 4. His interest _______law led him eventually to become a lawyer. A )in B)on C)to D)with 5. We enjoyed the wonderful firework display _______ the night of National Day. A）in B）on C）for D）at 6. The little girl was quite angry _______ his boyfriend for his being late. A）for B）on C）with D）at 7. Jane was worried because there was something wrong ________ the engine of her car. A. of B. with C. at D. by ADDAB CB 15年二模 1. The English teachers had a special training session ______ Sunday mornings. A) in B) to C) on D) at 2. Excuse me, ______ I'm afraid this is a no-smoking area. A) for B) but C) so D) or 3. I have got two tickets ______ the concert tonight. Would you like to go with me? A) from B) about C) of D) for 4. If you read a lot, your life will be full ______ pleasure. A) of B) with C) by D) for 5. Jenny is the first on the list of the famous stars because she was the richest ______ them. A) in B) with C) over D) among 6. Mrs. White walks a dog in the park nearby every morning ______ it's rainy or windy. A) since B) because C) unless D) until 7. The opening ceremony of Wulong International Kite Flying Festival was held ______ the morning of April 4, 2015 in Chongqing. A) at B) in C) on D) by 8. This book provides us ______ lots of skills to solve problems we meet in life. A) to B) for C) with D) of 9. You can tell from the posters and photos ______ the wall that Chen is a big fan of Jay Chou. A) in B) between C) on D) above 10. My sister likes to wear the hat ______ two flowers. It looks so beautiful. A) from B) to C) in D) with 11. If I didn’t see it __________ my own eyes, I would never believe it possible. A) by B) in C) with D) for CBDAD CCCCD C 归纳总结1. 总结名词重难点与常考点： 课后作业整理 错题 回家作业1. Rastus takes a short walk the evenings and is always home by seven o’clock.（崇明）A) to B) on C)in D) at2. Most students were in favor the plan to have a picnic at the weekend.（崇明） A) to B) of C) on D) at3. People in the western country often sing Christmas chorals______Christmas Eve.（奉贤） A) in B)at C)on D) during4. Don’t stay inside such a sunny morning. Let’s go for a walk.（虹口） A)on B) in C)from D) at 5. The students put a short play in English on Christmas Day.（虹口） off B) up C) on D) away 6. London is almost the same ________ other big European cities.（黄浦） A) to B) with C) as D) in 7. Bill met his wife on the campus for the first time ________ the spring of 1971.（黄浦） A) on B) in C) at D) for 8. Most teachers think uniforms can prevent the students showing off their wealth.（嘉定） A.off B.in C.by D.from 9. In comic strips, there are usually bubbles ______ speech and thoughts in the pictures.（静安） A)of B)at C) with D)for 10. The 2016 G20 Summit started ______ September, 2016 in the city of Hangzhou.（闵行） A)from B)on C) in D) at 11.Although their class teacher is very strict _____ them, they still love her very much.（闵行） A) up B)with C) to D)for 12. ______ the evening of March 30th, Adair was killed by someone unknown.（浦东） A)On B)At C)In D)For 13.She manged to escape ______ to the burning car last Friday.（浦东） A)of B)from C)around D)to 14. Stephen learned skating _____several months when he lived in German.（普陀） A.on B.in C.at D.for 15. The parents haven’t heard _____their kid in Europe for a long time.（普陀） A.at B.to C.with D.from 16. In China everyone would go home for a family reunion _______New Year’s Eve.（青浦） A)at B)on C)to D)in 17. Jackie Chen, who was awarded an Oscar, told the reporter that he was proud ______ his country.（青浦） A)of B)with C)for D)out 18. Jenny will do a survey and write a report _____ school uniforms.（松江） A. in B. of C. at D. on 19.The police searched everywhere in the forest_____ the missing tourist last night.（松江） A. for B. with C. of D. from 20. Go straight down the street and you’ll see the post office on your right, the kindergarten. （松江） A.opposite B.between C.among D.across 21.The manager is much better than other employees dealing with the customers’ complaints.（松江） A.in B.at C.on D.of 22. A new survey shows that most travelers are not satisfied _________________ airport wifi.（杨浦） A. of B. for C. about D. with 23. Henry Ford founded his car company ___________________ the beginning of the 20th century. （杨浦） A. in B. by C. for D. at 24. Donald Trump won the election and he will take office______ Jan. 20, 2017.（长宁） A.in B.on C.at D.for II 完型填空崇明县 B. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文)（12分） When I think of growing up, I think of summertime and those long days when good weather and free time allowed the world to open up in front of me. Every day was a new opportunity for experience and adventure. The first summer I can really 75 , I was six years old and spending time in the countryside. There were fields of corn separated by windbreaks (防护林) of tall trees and a railway fine cut through the middle of the landscape with its shiny steel tracks. My brother and I walked along the tracks throwing stones at the grass and flowers that grew along each side. We were warriors, adventurers. I don't know why, but I suddenly stopped throwing stones and just started 76 and listening. The corn leaves, the trees, the train tracks, every cloud in the sky, every stone on the ground, every sight, every sound; it was...beautiful! I had 77 thought of beauty before. I was too young to be aware of the concept (概念). But there it was all around me and I was part of it. Today's city children have 78 chance of experiencing that moment. They are the "touchscreen generation" who spend up to seven hours a day on their mobile phones or surfing the Internet or watching TV. Even when they have a chance of spending some time with 79 , they are more fikely to ignore (忽视) it. They prefer to stay focused on their mobile devices. Summer is the 80 season: for plants and for young people. This summer, try to put aside your "touchscreen" and let the true beauty of the season open up for you. 75. A) forget B) remember C) enjoy D) spend 76. A) looking B) driving C) cooking D) sleeping 77. A) already B) often C) never D) ever 78. A) one B) more C) every D) less 79. A) family B) class C) team D) nature 80. A) growing B) swimming C) first D) worst75. B 76. A 77. C 78. D 79. D 80. A 奉贤区 B. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文)（12分） Who is the greatest teacher in Chinese history? Many people would say: Confucius (孔子). September 28 is his birthday. 75 he was born over 2,000 years ago, people still remember him on this day. Confucius lived in the Kingdom of Lu, part of today's Shangdong province. He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. His childhood was sad. His father died when he was only 3 and he had to work to help his mother. But young Confucius didn't give up on studying. He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports. Later, he became a teacher and started the first 76 school in Chinese history. At that time only children from rich families could go to school, but Confucius believed 77 should go to school if they wanted to learn. He had about 3,000 students in his lifetime. Today, people still follow Confucius' 78 . He told us that each person has something worthy to learn and teach. "When I am with three people, one of them must be better than me in some areas. I select their good qualities and follow them. I take their bad qualities and change them in myself." He also taught us that thinking is very important in study. "All study but no thinking makes people puzzled. All thinking but no study makes people 79 ." Confucius is not only a great teacher, but also a famous thinker with wise thoughts about the world and society. His most important teachings are about kindness and good manners. "A kind person should 80 others. Be strict with yourself, but be kind to others." he said. 75. A) Because B) After C) Although D) Since 76. A) public B) private C) popular D) primary 77. A) anyone B) someone C) no one D) everyone 78. A) messages B) thoughts C) ways D) news 79. A) hardworking B) lazy C) proud D) polite 80. A) learn from B) get on with C) care for D) worry about 75. C 76. A 77. D 78. B 79. B 80. C 虹口区 B. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文)（12分） Have you ever seen the Man in the Moon? If you 75 the Moon closely on some nights, you can see the face of the Man in the Moon. Some people say that they can see an old man carrying sticks. Others say that they can see a girl reading a book. Long long ago, the Romans and Greeks thought that the stars and planets they could see were gods living in the sky. They gave these stars and planets the names of their gods and goddesses and the Moon was 76 as Diana, who was also goddess of the hunts (狩猎女神) . People used to think that the moon was made of green cheese because of the 77 of the Moon's surface and the small dark areas on it. People also thought that the dark areas formed a kind of face which they called the Man in the Moon. We now know that there are mountains, plains and holes on the Moon's surface. The word "lunatic" comes from the Latin word "luna" meaning "moon". People used to believe that anybody who was mad had been affected in some way by the Moon. 78 people were supposed to be more mad at the time of the full moon. Werewolves (狼人) are said to be affected by the Moon. In some areas people still think that some people change into wolves at the time of the full moon. But in fact, like vampires (吸血鬼), werewolves 79 exist in horror films and books! And we can see them nowhere. There are many superstitions (迷信的) connected with the Moon. It is said to be not 80 to look at a new moon through glass, but the full moon is the time to make wishes or choose a husband. 75. A) measure B) protect C) observe D) describe 76. A) used B) written C) acted D) known 77. A) colours B) sizes C) shapes D) names 78. A) Calm B) Crazy C) Close D) Cute 79. A) only B) ever C) seldom D) even 80. A) precious B) funny C) lucky D) regular 75. C 76. D 77. A 78. B 79. A 80. C 黄浦区 B. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文)（12分） Start Today "What can you do when you have done nothing but mess up (搞糟) your whole life long?" These were the words I heard when I turned on the TV the other day. They were coming from one of the talk shows that are so popular on TV these days. I started to turn the channel but the words I had heard made me 75 for a moment. I looked at the speaker of them. He couldn't have been more than 18 years old, but already he was writing off(认为……) his life as a useless waste. I wanted to shout at him, "You're not 76 yet!" It is so sad that so many people cannot get rid of their pasts and live in the present. There are so many people like that talk show guest. There are people still in their teen years thinking that their lives are over. There are people in their twenties who already think they have 77 the boat to success and happiness. There are people in their thirties and forties who sit around complaining that life has passed them by. I want to shout to them all, "Wake up! You're still alive! What have you done today?" If you want a happy life, you can't just think about your past mistakes. If you want joy and love in your life, you have to choose them today. God gives us a new 78 at life every time we wake up in the morning. It is up to us to catch it. Today can be the 79 of a new life for each of us. We can choose joy right now. We can share love today. We can live with hope starting at this moment. It doesn't matter how hard our past has been. Our present can be full of joy and our future can be full of happiness. It doesn't matter whether we are eight 80 eighty - we can still make our lives wonderful. Life isn't over until your last heartbeat. Start today, then, to make your heart beat with joy, love, and fight. 75. A) go B) stop C) move D) talk 76. A) wrong B) alone C) dead D) ready 77. A) lost B) caught C) taken D) missed 78. A) chance B) joke C) gift D) right 79. A) end B) goal C) form D) beginning 80. A) to B) and C) or D) between 75. B 76. C 77. D 78. A 79. D 80. C