2019年中考英语二轮语法专题讲义+练习：句子类型（含答案）

第 9 页 共 10 页


（通用版）2019中考英语精品讲义：句子类型（含答案）
学科老师辅导讲义
学员姓名： 年 级： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：
授课日期 授课时段
授课主题 句子类型
教学内容
课前回顾：检查作业，错题讲解（错题本）复习上节课知识点（笔记本） 词汇短语默写 知识梳理知识点1：陈述句
1. 陈述句：
　　?陈述句是用来陈述一个事实或表达说话人看法（包括肯定和否定）的句子。通常用降调，句末用句号“.”
　　 Tom has a new car.
　　 The flower isn’t beautiful.
2. 陈述句否定式的构成
　　(1) 如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be，则只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否定式。
???????? He is playing the guitar.（肯定）
???????? He is not playing the guitar.（否定）
???????? We can get there before dark.（肯定）
???????? We can’t get thee before dark.（否定）
　　(2) 如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词，而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时，则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don’t, doesn’t或didn’t。同时把该实义动词变为原形。
???????? He plays the violin well.（肯定）
???????? He doesn’t play the violin well.（否定）
???????? She won the game.（肯定）
???????? She didn’t win the game.（否定）
(3) 如果句子是there be结构或谓语动词是have（有），除了be和have之后加not之外，句中如果有some要变为any。例如：
There is some water in the cup. →There is not any water in the cup.
He has some books. →He has not any books.
(4) 除not以外，否定词no, never, nothing, nobody, few等也可构成否定句。例如：
There is something wrong with his bike. →There is nothing wrong with his bike.
I have seen the film. →I have never seen the film.知识点2：祈使句
????? 祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议、号召等的句子，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号“！”或句号“.”。朗读时一般用降调。
1. 肯定的祈使句：
（1）祈使句主语是you时，you常省略，但如果要特别强调对方或表达某种强烈的情绪时可以有主语或称呼语。
????????? Be quiet.
????????? You be quiet!
（2）“Do+祈使句”表示一种强烈的感情或请求，do起强调作用。
????????? Do come back at once!
????????? Do be careful.
（3）please用在祈使句中可以表示一种客气的语气，但please用在句末时，必须用逗号与其余部分分开。
???????? Open the window, please.
（4）Let引导祈使句时，后面需跟上人称代词或称呼语，人称代词一般只用第一、第三人称。
???????? Let Jack wait a minute.
???????? Let’s go to school.
（5）在祈使句中，Let’s和 Let us是有区别的。Let’s包括说话者，而Let us不包括听话者在内。这点从反意疑问句时可明显看出。
??????? Let’s go skating, shall we?（表示内部的建议）
????????Let us try again, will you?（表示向别人发出请求）
?2. 否定祈使句通常以Don’t或Never开头。其结构通常是：“Don’t(Never)+动词原形+其他成分” 例如：
???? Don’t do that again!
???? Never leave today’s work for tomorrow!
???? Don’t be late next time!知识点3：疑问句
1. 一般疑问句：
?? （1）一般疑问句的肯定形式
???????????? 一般疑问句一般是指以助动词、情态动词、be动词或have（有）开始，通常要求以yes，或no来回答的疑问句，一般疑问句读时通常用升调。
???????? Do you know Mr. Smith?
???????? Can you swim?
?? （2）一般疑问句的否定结构
??????? ① 在一般疑问句的否定结构中，把副词not放在一般疑问句的主语之后。但如果用not的简略形式-n’t，则须将-n’t与一般疑问句句首的be, have，助动词或情态动词写在一起。在实际运用中，一般都采用简略式。
???????? Are you not a football fan?
???????? Aren’t you a football fan?
???????? Will she not like it?
???????? Won’t she like it?
??????? ② 与汉语不同的是，英语一般疑问句否定结构的答语是否定还是肯定，全由答语的否定或肯定来决定。若答语是肯定的，则用yes加肯定结构；若答语是否定的，则用no加否定结构。
?????????? Aren’t you a football fan? 你不是足球迷吗？
Yes, I am.
No, I am not.
?????????? Won’t she like it?
????????? Yes, she will.
　??????? No, she won’t. 2. 选择疑问句：
??????? 选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同情况，让对方选择回答的疑问句。其结构是“疑问句+选择部分”。选择部分由or连接，or前面的部分读升调，or后面的部分读降调。
??????? 选择疑问句不能用yes或no回答，而必须具体的选择答复。
??????? Is your bag yellow or black?? It’s black.。
??????? Would you like some tea or coffee?? Either will do.。
??????? Which do you like better, singing or dancing??? I like dancing better.
3. 特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词+一般疑问句”构成，句子一般用倒装语序，但如果主语是疑问代词或由疑问代词修饰时，用陈述句的语序。特殊疑问句不能用yes或no回答，读时用降调。例如：
Who is on duty today?
How long have you been in Beijing?
What time do you get up every morning?
What must I do now?
常用的特殊疑问句询问内容 疑问词或句型 例??? 句 回?? 答 职业，身份 what What is your father? He is a doctor. [来源:Z#xx#k.Com]姓名或关系 who Who is that boy? He is Jack.
He is my brother 相貌特征 what…lke? What is she like?
What does she look like? She is beautiful. 目的 what…for? What did they come here for? To attend a meeting. 原因 why Why did they come here? Because they have a meeting to attend. 天气 ?how
?what…like? How is the weather toay?
What is the weater like today? It’s fine. 颜色 what color…？ What dolor is her skirt? It’s red. 服装尺寸 what size What size does he wear? He wears 40. 几点钟 what time What time is it? It’s 7:30. 星期几 what day What day is today? It’s Tuesdy. 几号，日期 what is te date…? What is the date today? It’s May 2. 年龄（多大） how old How old is he? He is 38. 持续多长时间（多久） how long How long have you been here? For five months. 长度（多长） how long How long is the bridge? It’s 500 metres. 距离（多远） how far How far is t from here to the zoo? It’s 6 kilometres. 频度
（多经常） how often How often do you come back? Once a week. 时间经过
（多快） how soon How soon will she arrive? In an week. 数量
（多少） how many（可数名词）
how much（不可数名词） How many jackets doyou have?
How much cofee do you want? Three.
Two cups. 价格 how much How much is it?
How much does it cost? Five dollars. 高度
（多高） how tall（人，树）
how high（山，建筑物） How tall is she?
How high is the tower? She’s 1.73 metres.
It’s 450 metres. 巩固练习I. 单项填空
? 1. ---Excuse me, _______ is the nearest bookshop?
??? ---Go down the street and turn left at the second corner.
??? A. how? B. what? C. where? D. who
? 2. ---______ is it from our school to the Bell Tower?
??? ---About half an hour’s bus ride. Shall we go and visit it?
??? A. How long? B. How often? C. How far? D. How much
? 3. ---Linda had nothing for breakfast this morning, _______?
??? ---No. She got up too late.
??? A. had she? B. hadn’t she? C. did she? D. didn’t she
? 4. ---The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?
??? ---Of course.
??? A. Will? B. Would? C. Do? D. Shall
? 5. ---__________, sir?
??? ---Size 41, I think
??? A. What size do you need? B. What can I do for you
??? C. How do you like this shirt? D. What’s the matter with you
? 6. ---_______ good weather! Why not go out for a walk?
??? A. What? B. How? C. What a? D. How a
? 7. ---It’s a nice car. ______ have you been in it?
??? ---Just to Shanghai.
??? A. How much? B. How long? C. How soon? D. How far
? 8. ---_______ to the United States?
??? ---No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.
??? A. Have you been???? B. Have you gone C. Did you go??????? D. Will you go
? 9. ---_______ were you away from school last year?
??? ---About two weeks.
??? A. How often? B. How soon? C. How long? D. When
? 10. ---______ do you want?
???? ---I want a CD of popular songs.
???? A. Which CD?????????? B. How many CDs C. What CD??????????? D. How much
? 11. _______ is your mother, a teacher or a doctor?
???? A. What? B. Which? C. Who? D. whose
? 12. ---______ is your mother today, Jim?
???? ---She is much better.
???? A. How? B. What? C. Where? D. How old
? 13. ---______he ______ at this school last term?
???? ---Yes, I think so.
???? A. Did…study????? B. Does…study C. Was…study????? D. Did…studied
? 14. ---_______ did you begin to learn English?
???? ---Three years ago.
???? A. When? B. Why? C. Where? D. What
? 15. ---________ do you write to your pen-friend?
???? ---Once a week.
???? A. How long? B. How soon? C. How far? D. How often
? 16. _______ nice flowers! Where did you pick them?
???? A. How?? B. What? C. What a? D. How a
? 17. The sick man’s allowed to take a walk in the garden every day, _______?
???? A. is he? B. isn’t he? C. has he? D. hasn’t he
? 18.? ______ cross the road before the traffic lights turn green.
???? A. Not? B. Won’t? C. Don’t? D. Doesn’t
? 19. He found nothing in the room, _________?
???? A. doesn’t he????????? B. does he C. didn’t he?????????? D. did he
? 20. You haven’t changed your mind, ________?
???? A. do you???????????? B. are you C. have you?????????? D. did you 1.C 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.A 13.A 14.A 15.D 16.B 17.B 18.C 19.D 20.C
II. 句型转换（按要求改写下列句子）
1. Bruce bought a dictionary yesterday. (改为否定句)
? Bruce ________ ________ a dictionary yesterday.
2. Mr. Smith does morning exercises every day. (改为一般疑问句)
? ________ Mr. Smith ______ morning exercises every day?
3. Allan will go back to England by plane next month. (就划线部分提问)
? ________ _______ Allan go back to England next month?
4. There are some apples on the table. (改为否定句)
? There _______ _______ apples on the table.
5. When she sees you, she will tell you the news(就划线部分提问)
? _______ ______ she tell you the news?
6. Uncle Wang likes making things. (改写为否定句)
? Uncle Wang _______ _______ making things.
7. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday. (改为一般疑问句)
? ________ Ann _______ the book to the library yesterday?
8. Our city is very beautiful. (改为感叹句)
? _______ _______ our city is!
9. He has worked in this school for five years. (就划线部分提问)
? _______ _______ has he worked in this school?
10. Both of them are my best friends. (改为否定句)
?? _______ of them _______ my best friend.
11. They are happy to see each other. (改为感叹句)
?? _______ ______ they are to see each other!
12. The exam begins at nine. (改为一般疑问句)
?? ________ the exam _______ at nine?
13. He was playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon. (就划线部分提问)
?? ______ ______ he ______ at four yesterday afternoon?
14. He had nothing for breakfast. (改为反意疑问句)
?? He had nothing for breakfast ______ _______?
15. She doesn’t think I can surf on the Internet. (改反意疑问句)
?? She doesn’t think I can surf on the Internet, _______ _______?
16. He’s put the tree in the hole? (改为一般疑问句)
?? ______ he ______ the tree in the hole?
17. How useful the book is! (改为陈述句)
?? It is ______ ______ useful book.
18. The population of Australia is about 19,500,000. (就划线部分提问)
?? _______ ______ population of Australia?
19. The meeting will start in ten minutes. (就划线部分提问)
?? _______ ______ will the meeting start?
20. Don’t tell him to come to my office. (改为肯定的祈使句)
? ______ ______ to come to my office.
1. didn’t buy 2.Does; do 3.How will 4.aren’t any 5.When will 6.doesn’t like 7.Did; return 8.How beautiful 9.How long 10.Neither; is 11. How happy 12.Does; begin 13.What was; doing 14.did he 15. does she 16.Has; put 17.such a 18.What’s the 19.How soon 20.Tell him
归纳总结陈述句祈使句疑问句 课后复习1.错题整理整理5道错题 2.回家作业