2019年中考英语二轮语法专题讲义+练习：语态（带答案）

第 15 页 共 15 页


（通用版）2019中考英语精品讲义：语态（带答案）
学科老师辅导讲义
学员姓名： 年级：九年级 辅导科目：英 语 学科教师：
授课日期 授课时段 08：00-10:00
授课主题 被动语态
教学内容
课前回顾单词默写作业讲解 知识梳理知识点1：被动语态一、基本概念语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。二、基本分类（使用被动语态的情况）不知道：Some new computers were stolen last night. （动作执行者不明）没必要：Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. （没必要指出动作执行者） 需强调：Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.（强调动作承受者）三、用法详解 I.正确的被动结构：只含有be动词的时态结构（非实义动词）+done（被动标志）。时态主动语态被动语态例句 主动语态被动语态一般现在时 do/ does am/is/are done We clean the classroom. The classroom is cleaned by us.一般过去时 did was/were done He made the kite. The kite was made by him.一般将来时 will/shall/be going to do will/shall/be going to be done They will plat trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done Jim has finished the work. The work has been finished by Jim.情态动词 can/may/must do can/may/must be done Ican find him. He can be found by me. 被动语态在各时态下谓语动词的变化详解 1.一般现在时，一般过去时的被动语态一般现在时： am／is／are done一般过去时： was／were done【例句展示】 1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week. 2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning. → The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning. 【趁热打铁】1. Many trees and flowers in our school last year, and they made our school a beautiful garden. A. plant B. planted C. have planted D. were planted2. The Olympic Games every four years. A. are held B. were held C. are holding D. will hold3 The watch has often ___ down. A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell 4 Wet clothes are often ___ up near a fire in rainy weather.
A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. Hung
现在完成时，过去完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态：have ／has been done现在完成时： have/ has + 动词的过去分词 + 被动语态： be + done现在完成时的被动语态： have/ has + been + done 【例句展示】 1. He has written two novels so far.→ Two novels have been written by him so far. 2. John had finished his homework today. 【趁热打铁】These papers___ yet.
A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been writtenI’ve told the old man his money _____ by the policemen.A. has been found B. have been found C. have found out D. has found The police _______ lots of help by the people in the city.A. has been given B. has given C. have been given D. have given一般将来时，过去将来时的被动语态一般将来时的被动语态：shall ／will be done一般将来时： will + 动词原形+ 被动语态： be + done 一般将来时的被动语态： will + be + done【例句展示】They will plant ten trees tomorrow. → Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 【趁热打铁】1. A talk on developments in science and technology in the school hall next week. A. given B. will be given C. has been given D. gives 2. Computer ____ in everyday life in this country before long（很快）. A. is used B. will use C. will be used D. was used3. ___ these desks be needed? A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do 4. The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.
A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt C. are going to be rebuilt D. are going to rebuilt 含情态动词的被动语态含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be done情态动词 + 动词原形 + be + done 含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 + be + done【例句展示】 You must lock the door when you leave. → the door must be locked when you leave. 【趁热打铁】2. I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should to go to bars(酒吧). A. allow B. be allowing C. be allowed D. not allow3. The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.
A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended
4. Don’t you know sweaters can’t _______ that way?A. be washed B. being washed C. being washing D. wash 5. I think the sick boy must _____ to the hospital as soon as possible.A. be taken B. been taken C. being taken D. Take II.解题步骤1）第一步： 判断正确的被动结构：be + done 2）第二步： 根据时间状语判断时态，选出正确答案。典型例题: 33. Today, computers are really helpful. They ____ everywhere. A. use B. are used C. used D. were used 34. Many accidents ________ by careless drivers last years. A. are caused B. were caused C. have caused D. will cause 34. The road _____________ last year. A. builds B. built C. was built D. is builtBBCIII. 五项注意 1）不及物动词无被动语态：无宾语何来被动 appear, die(死亡),disappear（消失）, happen，break out, come true, take place. What will happen in 100 years.　　 The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.2）变被动还原to：四看三使两听一感觉★　　 A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. →My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.　　 The boss made the little boy do heavy work. →The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.3）双宾变被动：直宾（物）作主语需加介词 He gave me a book. →A book was given to me by him.　　 My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.4）短语是整体：勿忘介词或副词We can't laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.　　 He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day. 随堂练习： 1.A lot of students in this university abroad as exchange students every year. A. are sent B. were sent C. will send D. send 2.The Trojan War ______ by Helen and her beauty. A）causes B）is caused C）caused D）was caused 3.Before the bridge _________, the local people had to reach the other side by ferry. A) is built B) will be built C) was built D) has been built 4.We will shorten the communicating time after the new bridge_______. A)will complete B) completes C) will be completed D)is completed 5.Our next school sports meeting ______ in two months’ time. A) will hold B) has held C) is held D) will be held 6.Nowadays Chinese ____ in quite a few countries such as Singapore, South Korea, Japan, etc. A. speak B. speaks C. speaking D. is spoken 7.The old man was upset because his favourite vase____ by his grandson. A) breaks B) is broken C)broke D)was broken8.Here is the package yon ordered. It this morning. A) deliver B) is delivered C)delivered D) was delivered 9.After Donghai Bridge______, it became a new tourist attraction. A. completed? B. complete C. is completed?? D. was completed 10.After the serious illness Ebola happens, more doctors to help save the patients in Africa. A. needed B. are needed C. need D. are needing 11.A new school __________ in our town next year. A) will build B) will be built C) is going to build D) is built 12.A Disneyland Park ______ in Shanghai Pudong New Area in the near future. A.has built B.will be built C.will build D.is built 13.Something necessary to prevent the serious air pollution. A. must do B. must be done C. may do D. may be done 14.I________a chance to decide whether I should attend the lecture or not. A) gave B) was giving C) was given D) had given 15.After Pudong Disneyland ______ in 2016, it will become a new tourist destination in Shanghai. A) is completed B) complete C) completed D) was completed 16.Nowadays many new taxi apps (打车软件) ______ to help people travel around more easily. A) are used B) use C) used D) is used 17.The 87th Annual Academy Awards (奥斯卡金像奖) ceremony ______ in Los Angeles, USA, on February 22, 2015. A) held B) was held C) was holding D) had been held 18.Many trees__________ down every year, so we are losing our warm home, the Earth. A) are cut B) are cutting C) cut D) have cut 19.Half of the Beijing’s private cars _______off the roads due to heavy smog on Friday. A order B are ordered C ordered D were ordered20.The Shanghai Disneyland Plan________by the city government. It will be the first Disneyland Amusement Park in mainland China. A) passed B) has passed C) has been passed D) were passed21.The girls _______ how to dance a month ago and now they can dance well. A. were taught B. will be taught C. are taught D. have been taught 22.Black tea ________ in China during the Ming Dynasty is a way to keep tea fresh. A) invented B) was invented C)is invented D)is inventing 23.This car is environment-friendly because its engine _______ by electricity. A) is driven ?B) are driven ?C) drive ?D) drives?24.Tom and his sister ________ to the barbecue last Saturday. They were very happy. A) have invited B) were invited C) were inviting D) invited 25.The boy ____down by a truck when he was running across the road. A) is knocked B)was knocked C)will be knocked D)has been knockedADCDD DDDDB DBBCA DABAB CCABB 1. You must not waste water. (改为被动语态) Water must not______________________.2. Our government will send some volunteers to Africa to help the people there. (改成被动语态) Some volunteers will ______ _______ to Africa to help the people there.3. The students on duty will clean the lab after the experiment. (改为被动语态)
?? The lab will ________ ________ by the students on duty after the experiment.? 4. Jimmy has lent the novels that he bought to his friend. (改为被动语态) The novels that Jimmy bought ________________ _________________ lent to his friend. 5. My friend Jones wrote some articles about memory last month. (改为被动语态)
? Some articles about?memory?_______ _______by my friend Jones last month. 6.A Dutch artist Florentijin Hofman designed the famous big yellow rubber duck.(改为被动语态) The famous big yellow rubber duck_________ __________ by a Dutch artist Florentijin Hofman.7.Each year, people add new records to the Guinness Book of Records.（改为被动语态） Each year, new records ______ ______ to the Guinness Book of Records. 8.Students read some information about memory in the library yesterday.(改为被动语态) Some information about memory _________ _________ in the library yesterday by students. 9.We don't allow people to smoke anywhere in the building, (改为被动语态)
People to smoke anywhere in the building. 10.We usually call maths the language of science. (改为被动语态) Maths ________ usually _________ the language of science. 11. Factories threw rubbish into rivers a few years ago. (改为被动语态) Rubbish __________ __________ into rivers by factories a few years ago. 12. People in our village threw away a great number of plastic bags last year. (被动语态) A great number of plastic bags away in our village last year. 13.Did they find the pet cat after a day’s search?(改为被动语态) ______ the pet _______ after a day’s search? 14. Our teacher warned us not to touch the chemicals in the lab.(改为被动语态) We_________ _________ not to touch the chemicals in the lab. 15.Many parents in China don’t allow the kids to have their own bank cards.(改为被动语态) The kids in China to have their own bank cards. 16. They will produce more cartoon films in the next five years.(改为被动语态) More cartoon films will _______ _______ in the next five years. 17. The government has built many parking places for car owners this year. (改为被动语态) Many parking places for car owners ____ built by the government this year. 18. The newspapers will publish the results of the survey. (改为被动语态) The results of the survey will　______ ______in the newspapers. 19.Teachers have given given girls the same opportunities as boys in our school.( 改为被动语态) Girls have ______ _______ the same opportunities as boys in our school. 20. The captain will choose ten boys to work as volunteers. (改被动) Ten boys will________ ________to work as volunteers .1.be wasted 2.be sent 3. be cleaned 4.has been 5.were written 6.was designed 7. are added 8.was read 9. aren’t allowed 10. is called 11. was threw 12. were thrown 13.was, found;? 14.were warned 15.aren’t allowed; 16.be produced; 17.have been; 18.be chosen 19.been given;20.be punished ; 知识点2 阅读专项 归纳总结1. 总结三个时态重难点与常考点： 课后作业整理 错题 回家作业1. Last night at the party, we finally ______ Mary's uncle Charles. A) meets B) meet C) met D) will meet 2. By the end of last year, Jenny ______ New Concept English for three years. A) learned B) has learned C) had learned D) will learn3. - Have you watched the film the Tiny Times? - Yes. I ______ it with my cousin last night. A) watch B) have watched C) watched D) had watched 4. CoCo Cola Company promised that they ______ the workers a chance for a three-minute free phone. A) offer B) would offer C) will offer D) have offered 5. Cissy ______ a magazine carefully in her bedroom when her mother came in quietly. A) read B) is reading C) has read D) was reading 6. Soon you ______ a senior high school student. It's exciting, isn't it? A) become B) will become C) became D) have become 7. After Pudong Disneyland ______ in 2016, it will become a new tourist destination in Shanghai. A) is completed B) complete C) completed D) was completed 8. Keep quiet, please. Someone ______ to a concert inside now. A) is listening B) has listened C) was listening D) listened 9. My sister ______ to a birthday party in a new dress last night. A) goes B) went C) will go D) had gone 10. Charles said that he ______ tennis with John this Friday afternoon. A) plays B) is playing C) will play D) would play 11. The writer told the children that she ______ quite a few detective stories in the last few years. A) wrote B) has written C) was written D) had written 12. - Is that your physics teacher? - That can't be Mr. Lin. He ______ to Hangzhou with his wife. A) has been B) had gone C) went D) has gone 13. - What did our class teacher say a moment ago? - Sorry, I didn't catch it. I ______ something else. A) has thought of B) was thinking about C) would think about D) thought of 14. My uncle ______ as a manager since he came back from the USA five years ago. A) worked B) has worked C) works D) had worked 15. When I got to the booking office, they ______ all the tickets. A) were selling B) had sold C) would sell D) have sold 16. My uncle ______ many comic strips before he worked as a manager in 2010. A) creates B) was creating C) would create D) had created 答案： CCCBD BDABD DDBBB D被动语态1. The heavy storm damaged the road and the bridge last night. (改为被动语态) The road and the bridge __________ __________ by the heavy storm last night.2. People use the hot word "Duang" to describe sounds and express feelings. (改成被动语态) The hot word "Duang" __________ __________ to describe sounds and express feelings. 3. The girl has picked lots of mushrooms since she came to the camp. (改为被动语态) Lots of mushrooms __________ __________ picked by the girl since she came to the camp. 4. People will build a lot of new houses in the south of America. (改为被动语句) A lot of new houses will __________ __________ in the south of America. 5. The government spent huge amounts of money on the protection of the ancient buildings. (改为被动语态) Huge amounts of money __________ __________ on the protection of the ancient buildings. 6. Our school publishes the newspaper Sunflower monthly. (改为被动语态) The newspaper Sunflower __________ __________ by our school monthly. 7. We always hand in our test papers as soon as the bell rings. (改为被动语态) Our test papers __________ always __________ in as soon as the bell rings.8.The professor mentioned a useful tool to help us think.(改为被动语态) A useful tool ____ _____ by the professor to help us think.9. We will build a large swimming pool in our neighborhood next year. (改为被动语态) A large swimming pool will __________ __________ in our neighborhood next year. 10. The computer system will keep your tickets for three days. (改为被动语态) Your tickets will __________ __________ by the computer system for three days. 11. The old man has planted many trees since he came to live here. (改为被动语态) Many trees __________ __________ planted by the old man since he came to live here.12. The cute Baymax (大白) from Big Hero 6 attracted people of different ages to this cartoon film. (改为被动语态) People of different ages ______ ______ by the cute Baymax from Big Hero 6 to this cartoon film. were damaged is used have been be built were spent is published was mentioned be built be kept have been were attracted II 阅读嘉定区、宝山区 B. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文)（12分） Perhaps the only test score that I remember is the 55 I got when I was in high school. The test was the final for a course. I remember waiting anxiously as my teacher Mr. Right handed out our papers one after another. It was a rather 75 test. I heard my classmates groaning (叹息), and I could tell by the groans that the scores weren't looking good. Mr. Right put my paper on my desk. There in big red numbers, circled to draw attention, was my score, 55! I lowered my head, and covered the score up quickly. A 55 is not something that you wanted your classmates to see. "The scores were not very good, none of you 76 ," Mr Right said. "The highest score in the class was a 55." A 55. That's me! 77 my sad look didn't look so bad. I had the highest score. I felt a lot better. I walked home alone that day with the low but high score. My mother knew that I had a big test that day and asked me as soon as I got home, "How did you do in your test? I got 55," I said. A frown(皱眉) now stood on my mother's face. I knew I had to 78 immediately. "But Mum, I had the highest score in the class," I proudly stated (陈述). I thought that explanation would make a difference. "You failed!!" my mother replied. "But it's the highest!" I insisted. "I don't care what scores others had, you failed. What matters is what you do!" my mother firmly (坚定地) said. For years, my mother was 79 in that way. It didn't matter what others did, it only mattered what I did and that I did it excellently. We often don't understand the 80 of good parents until we ourselves stand in the parents' shoes. My mother's words have carded me throughout life. 75. A) boring B) difficult C) strange D) interesting 76. A) failed B) missed C) passed D) won 77. A) Suddenly B) Finally C) Certainly D) Slowly 78. A) insist B) explain C) prove D) answer 79. A) always B) seldom C) still D) once 80. A) courage B) kindness C) trouble D) wisdom75. B 76. C 77. A 78. B 79. A 80. D金山区 B. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文)（12分） If you are reading a novel for school rather than just for fun, you need to get organized. Here are a few tips. First, make notes. Write notes in pencil in the book, but also write separate notes on a small piece of paper. 75 characters. What do they do in the novel? What do they want? Everything that we are told about a character can help us to 76 them, from their appearance (外貌) to the kind of food they eat. It is also a great help to be able to tell yourself the story after you have read it. Therefore, the order of the story and the plot are 77 . You'd better make a quick note of what happens in each chapter when you read. This will help you to bring the things you have noticed about character, background, language and so on together. 78 , themes (主题). These are ideas that the novel explores. Perhaps love is a major theme, or justice (公正), or redemption (救赎). 79 that you know the themes of the novel and what the author is saying about them. What's more, novels are made up of language. 80 use language in a special way to make their novels work. They may use metaphors (比喻), invent symbols, or show different characters' personalities through their speech styles. In addition, the point of view the story is told from is a very important tool for a novelist. Is a novel told in the third person, or from the point of view of one of its characters? There are many different ways to show a point of view, and they have a great effect on the reader's experience of a story. 75. A) Have pity on B) Get along with C) Pay attention to D) Take care of 76. A) attract B) understand C) discuss D) examine 77. A) popular B) wonderful C) strange D) important 78. A) Finally B) However C) Next D) For example 79. A) Make sure B) Turn out C) Think of D) Show off 80. A) Writers B) Teachers C) Readers D) Students75. C 76. B 77. D 78. C 79. A 80. A静安区、青浦区 B. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文)（12分） The Internet is full of false information. It is important for us all to stay away from being fooled by such information. Here are three examples of Internet hoaxes (欺骗). On his website, a man has asked for gifts of money to 75 the life of a pretty little rabbit named Toby that he rescued under his house. A cat must have attacked the rabbit, the man said, so he took it in. He gave Toby loving care and nursed him back to good 76 . However, the greedy man also said if he didn't receive enough money, he would eat poor little Toby. (Don't worry, though. Remember, it's just a hoax!) While the streets of New Orleans were still suffering a flood after a terrible hurricane (飓风), a 77 e-mail was sent around the Internet. It included a photograph of a huge crocodile (鳄鱼) over five meters long. According to the message, it had been swimming around the flooded city eating people. It was later 78 that the photographs of the crocodile were of one that was caught in the Congo years before. The following e-mail hoax takes in many people. It says that a large company will pay you to send their e-mail to as many people as possible. For every person that you send the e-mail to, it promises you will 79 receive $5.00; if he goes on to send it to someone else, you'll get $3.00; and for every third person that receives it, you will be paid $1.00. To make the lie even more believable, the sender says that 80 he thought it was a hoax, but the company soon sent him $800.00. 75. A) miss B) save C) compare D) damage 76. A) health B) service C) medicine D) education 77. A) pleasant B) precious C) frightening D) hardworking 78. A) organized B) invented C) praised D) discovered 79. A) certainly B) hardly C) possibly D) mainly 80. A) in time B) in return C) at first D) at present75. B 76.A 77.C 78. D 79. A 80. C闵行区B. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage (选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文） （12分）Most jobs in the world are considered boring. But do you know there also exist very interesting jobs attracting lots of people. Now, let’s take a look at some of the most satisfying jobs on the planet where work seems more like play. · Wildlife Photographer As a wildlife photographer, you can work__75__nature and wildlife, taking photos of lovely wild animals and capturing the charming moments that make nature look extremely beautiful. ·Food Critic This job __76___you the opportunity to taste various delicious foods in the world. Trying out appetizing (色香俱佳的）dishes and giving personal opinions about them makes being a food critic one of the most exciting jobs for a foodie （美食家). This job also requires a lot of travel, which adds to the interesting nature of it. ·Island Caretaker What can be a better job than living and having a good time on an a luxury island? This job includes swimming, exploring and relaxing in paradise surrounded by the sea, __77___writing blogs to promote the area. ·Bed Tester For those who find it hard to get out of bed in the morning, consider becoming a professional bed tester. In this work, you will not only be allowed to sleep on the job, but also get paid to do so. As a professional bed tester, all you need to do is to sleep on luxury beds for hours and write blogs about your ___78__ . ·Astronaut This is __79__the most interesting job off the planet. Walking on air without any ground under one’ s feet or eating breakfast while floating around a room is an event that is worth the risk, and this is astronauts’ basic work. ·Video Game Designer Playing video games is interesting, but creating games with your own brain can be even more exciting. The happiness of playing with one’s imagination and the high pay makes the job __80___. ( ) 75. A) behind B) close to C) in front of D) out of ( ) 76. A) loses B) misses C) reduces D) offers ( ) 77. A) at the same time B) in the past C) in the future D) in a minute ( ) 78. A) experience B) examination C) emergency D) environment ( ) 79. A) completely B) especially C) possibly D) hardly ( ) 80. A) necessary B) powerful C) attractive D) similar75-80 BDAACC