第26课 动词
课堂突破
一、动词的形式
大多数动词都有五种基本形式：动词原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。
（一）第三人称单数形式的构成
一般现在时中主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，其变化规则与名词单数变复数的方法大体相同。具体见下表：
规则变化 动词原形 第三人称单数形式及读音
一般动词在词尾加-s； -s在清辅音后读/s/，-s在浊辅音和元音后读/z/ work grow works/s/ grows/z/
以s, x, ch, sh或o结尾的动词加-es； -es读/Iz/，o后的-es读/z/ fix catch push go kiss fixes/Iz/ catches/Iz/ pushes/Iz/ goes/z/ kisses/Iz/
以字母e结尾的动词，直接加-s； -s读/z/或/s/ ride like rides/z/ likes/s/
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，改y为i，再加-es； -ies读/Iz/ study carry studies/Iz/ carries/Iz/
以“元音字母+y”结尾的动词，直接加-s； -s读/z/ play say plays/z/ says/z/
（二）现在分词的构成
规则变化 动词原形 现在分词
一般在动词后加-ing help work helping working
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去e再加-ing write move writing moving
以y结尾的动词，直接加-ing play study playing studying
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ing put sit run cut get begin drop stop putting sitting running cutting getting beginning dropping stopping
以ie结尾的动词，一般将ie改为y，再加-ing lie die tie lying dying tying
（三）过去式和过去分词的构成
规则变化 动词原形 过去式、过去分词及其读音
一般在动词词尾加-ed； -ed在清辅音后读/t/，在浊辅音和元音后读/d/，在t/d后读/Id/ ask answer want need asked—asked/t/ answered—answered/d/ wanted—wanted/Id/ needed—needed/Id/
以不发音的e结尾的动词，直接加-d； -d在浊辅音和元音后读/d/，在清辅音后读/t/ love dance loved—loved/d/ danced—danced/t/
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加-ed； -ied读/Id/ worry study worried—worried/Id/ studied—studied/Id/
以“元音字母+y”结尾的动词，直接加-ed； -d读/d/ play stay played—played/d/ stayed—stayed/d/
以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed； -ed在清辅音后读/t/，在浊辅音和元音后读/d/，在t/d后读/Id/ stop plan drop prefer stopped—stopped/t/ planned—planned/d/ dropped—dropped/t/ preferred—preferred/d/
【活学活用】
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Do you know the boy__________（wear） glasses over there?
2. My sister likes reading the novels__________（write） by Mo Yan.
3. I found a wallet__________（lie） on the ground on my way to school yesterday.
4. The lemon juice__________（taste） sweet and sour after adding some honey. It is delicious.
5. The cup__________（drop） and broke.
二、动词的分类
动词的分类 实义动词（v.） 及物动词（vt.） 跟宾语 like, write。如：He likes music. 他喜欢音乐。
不及物动词（vi.） 不跟宾语 rain, come。如：It rained heavily yesterday. 昨天雨下得很大。
系动词（link v.） 跟名词或形容词 作表语 be, look, sound, taste, feel, smell, become, turn, seem, keep, stay。如：①I am a student. 我是一个学生。②He felt excited. 他感到很兴奋。
助动词（aux. v.） 跟动词原形或分词 （本身无意义） be （+doing）帮助构成进行时态 be （+done）帮助构成被动语态
have/had （+done）帮助构成完成时态
do, does帮助构成一般现在时态的疑问句或否定句
did帮助构成一般过去时态的疑问句或否定句
will, shall, would, should帮助构成将来时态
情态动词（modal v.） 跟动词原形（有意义） can, may, must, need, could, might, should
三、情态动词的用法
概念 情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，只能与其后的动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气，用来表达建议、请求、可能或意愿等。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，情态动词后必须跟动词原形。常见的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, need, shall, will, should, would及半情态动词had better, have to。
用法 can, could的用法 1. 表示能力，表示“能；会；能够”。如： ①We can use the computer now, but we couldn’t two months ago. 现在我们会用电脑了，但两个月前我们不会。 ②He could ride a bike when he was four. 他4岁就会骑自行车了。 2. 表示可能性，常用于否定句或疑问句中。如：Today is Sunday, so he can’t be at school. 今天是星期天，所以他不可能在学校。 3. 表示允许，口语中常用may代替。如：You can/may use my car. 你可以用我的小汽车。
can, could的用法 4. could虽然是can的过去式，但在口语中could常代替can表示委婉地提出请求，并不表示过去的时态，主要用于疑问句中。如： Could you be here at eight o’clock tomorrow morning? 明天上午8点你能来这儿吗？
may, might的用法 1. 表示许可，意为“可以”。如：You may leave now. 现在你可以走了。 2. May I...? 表示请求许可，否定回答用mustn’t，表示“不可以；禁止”。如：—May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗？—Yes, you may./No, you mustn’t. 是的，你可以。/不，你不可以。 3. 表示推测，意为“可能；或许”。如：—I can’t find my ruler. 我找不到我的尺子。—It may be in your pencil box. 它可能在你的铅笔盒里。 4. 用在祈使句中表示祝愿。如：May you succeed!祝你成功！ 5. may的过去式might表示的语气更加委婉、客气。如：Might I use your pen for a while? 我可以用一会儿你的钢笔吗？
must的用法 1. must作“必须；应该”讲，表示必要性；mustn’t则表示“不应该；不许”。如： ①You must buy a ticket. 你必须买票。 ②You mustn’t play on the road. 你不许在马路上玩。 2. must作“一定”讲，表示肯定的猜测（否定猜测用can’t，意为“不可能”）。如： ①These must be Lucy’s clothes. 这些一定是露西的衣服。（对现在情况的推测） ②Tom must be watching TV at home. 汤姆一定是在家看电视。（对现在正在发生的事情的推测） ③She must have seen the movie. 她一定看过这部电影。（对过去情况的推测） 注：回答Must...?引出的疑问句时，肯定回答用must，否定回答不能用mustn’t，而要用needn’t或don’t have to。如：—Must you finish your homework today? 你今天必须完成作业吗？—Yes, I must./No, I needn’t. 是的，我必须。/不，我不必。
need的用法 need作情态动词，意为“需要”，主要用于一般疑问句和否定句，其肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t。如：—Need I finish the work today? 我需要今天完成这项工作吗？—Yes, you must./No, you needn’t. 是的，你必须完成。/不，你不必。 拓展：need用作及物动词，其后的宾语可以是名词、动词不定式、动名词、代词。用法与其他行为动词一样，有人称和数的变化。如：—Does he need to wash his hands? 他需要洗手吗？—Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t. 是的，他需要。/不，他不需要。
shall, should的用法 1. shall用作情态动词，常用于一般疑问句，与第一人称连用，表示征求意见或看法。如： Shall we meet at the school gate tomorrow morning? 明天早上我们在学校门口见面好吗？ 2. should用作情态动词，表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”，表示必要性。不可看作shall的过去式。如：We should be strict in all our work. 我们应该严格要求我们所有的工作。
will, would的用法 1. 表示必然性。如：Fish will die without water. 没有了水，鱼就会死去。 2. 表达意愿或意志。如： ①We’ll help him if he asks us for help. 如果他向我们寻求帮助，我们会帮他。 ②I promise that I would do my best. 我答应你，我会尽全力。 3. 询问对方的意愿或提出请求，常与like, love连用，主要用于疑问句中。如： ①Would you like another cup of coffee? 你想再喝一杯咖啡吗？ ②Will you go with me? 你愿意和我一起去吗？
【活学活用】
用适当的情态动词填空。
1. —Must I finish all the homework this evening?
—No, you__________. Tomorrow is Saturday, and you have enough time for it.
2. People__________ drive after drinking alcohol（酒）. It’s against the law.
3. —Do you have any plans for this summer vacation?
—I’m not sure. I__________ take a trip to Taiwan.
4. Jill looks so painful. There__________ be something wrong with her.
5. —Look at that girl!Is it Judy?
—No, it__________ be her. She is still in London.
四、短语动词
概念 动词跟一个或两个介词或副词构成固定词组后，在意义上和原来的动词不同，这种动词词组叫短语动词。
分类 动词+介词（后需加宾语） 1. arrive in/at到达 2. ask for要求 3. begin with... 以……开始 4. be from... 从……来 5. be about大约 6. believe in相信 7. depend on/upon依靠 8. get to到达 9. look for寻找 10. laugh at嘲笑 11. send for派人去请 12. wait for等待
动词 + 副词 及物动词+副词（后需加宾语，宾语为代词时放中间） 1. carry out执行 2. find out查明 3. give up放弃 4. hand in上交 5. look up查找 6. pick up捡起 7. put on穿上 8. put off推迟 9. ring up给……打电话 10. set up建立 11. take off脱下 12. turn off关掉 13. turn on打开 14. think over考虑
不及物短语动词（后不加宾语） 1. get up起床 2. give in屈服 3. go on继续 4. grow up成长 5. look out小心 6. show off炫耀 7. set off/out出发 8. stand up起立 9. take off起飞 10. wake up醒来
动词+副词+介词 （后需加宾语） 1. get on/along with... 与……相处 2. catch up with赶上；跟上 3. come up to走近 4. go on with继续 5. look down upon/on看不起 6. look forward to盼望
动词+名词+介词 （后需加宾语） 1. take part in参加 2. make fun of取笑 3. make use of利用 4. make friends with... 和……交朋友 5. shake hands with... 和……握手 6. take care of照料
常用动词短语归纳 look 1. look for寻找 2. look after照顾 3. look over查看 4. look forward to盼望；向往 5. look at看着 6. look up抬头看；查（字典） 7. look into调查 8. look out当心 9. look out of... 从……往外看 10. look like看起来像 11. look the same看起来一样 12. look through透过……看；浏览
put 1. put off推迟 2. put on穿上；上演；增加 3. put away把……收起来 4. put out扑灭 5. put down写下 6. put back放回 7. put up举起；建造；张贴
turn 1. turn on打开 2. turn off关掉 3. turn up调高（音量） 4. turn down调低（音量） 5. turn to朝向 6. turn into变成 7. turn over翻开；翻转 8. turn...into...把……变成……
get 1. get on/along （well） with sb. 与某人相处（融洽） 2. get up起床 3. get on上车（船、飞机、马） 4. get off下车（船、飞机、马） 5. get back回去 6. get back to回到 7. get away离开；逃脱 8. get down下来 9. get home到家 10. get into进入；陷入 11. get out （of...）（从……）出去 12. get to到达 13. get together聚会
take 1. take off（飞机）起飞；脱掉（衣服） 2. take away拿走 3. take out取出 4. take pride in... 对……感到自豪
go 1. go over温习；复习 2. go into走进 3. go out出去；熄灭 4. go away走开 5. go back回去；回顾 6. go by（时间）流逝；从旁经过 7. go down下降；下沉 8. go on继续 9. go through经历 10. go to school去上学 11. go home回家 12. go to the doctor去看医生
make 1. make a decision做决定 2. make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 3. make a mistake犯错误 4. make progress取得进步 5. make friends with... 与……交朋友 6. make up编造；虚构；打扮；构成；组成 7. make a face做鬼脸
come 1. come along一道来 2. come in进来 3. come into进入 4. come out出来；出版 5. come down下来 6. come from来自 7. come back回来 8. come across偶然遇到 9. come over过来 10. come home回家 11. come into use开始使用 12. come on快点；得啦；跟着来；加油
give 1. give up放弃 2. give off放出；发出（气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等） 3. give out精疲力竭；累倒；耗尽；用完；分发 4. give away泄露；赠送 5. give in屈服；让步；投降
be 1. be friendly/kind to... 对……友好 2. be different from... 与……不同 3. be afraid of害怕 4. be popular with... 受……欢迎 5. be interested in... 对……感兴趣 6. be strict with sb. 对某人严格 7. be strict in sth.对某事严格 8. be famous/known as... 作为……有名 9. be famous/known for... 因……著名 10. be surprised at... 对……惊讶 11. be pleased with... 对……满意 12. be proud of... 对……感到自豪 13. be polite/impolite to... 对……有礼貌/不礼貌 14. be thankful/grateful to... 对……感激 15. be good for... 对……有好处 16. be good at擅长于 17. be made up of... 由……构成 18. be angry with... 对……生气 19. be busy with忙于 20. be full of/filled with装满；充满 21. be late for... ……迟到 22. be covered with... 用……覆盖
【活学活用】
根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. The film I saw yesterday__________ me__________（使我想起） the days when I was with my grandparents in the countryside.
2. Here is the book. First__________（浏览） the book, and then tell me what you think of it.
3. It’s impolite to cut in line while you are__________（等待） a bus at the bus stop.
4. There was a fire in the hotel at midnight last Friday. Luckily, it was soon__________（扑灭）.
5. When you visit a museum, you should__________（注意） the instructions and not be against them.
当堂检测
一、用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空，每个短语限用一次。
take off pick up put off hurry up come out
1. （2018·嘉兴、舟山）My son__________ a tool and began helping.
2. —A new book by Mo Yan will__________ soon.
—Really? I can’t wait to buy one!
3. Our school had to__________ the soccer games be-cause of the bad weather, which made students frustrated.
4. Our plane is__________ in a few minutes. Please be seated and keep your safe belt fastened.
5.__________, you guys!You don’t want to miss the train, do you?
二、根据短文内容和所给汉语提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。（2018·绍兴市越城区中考模拟）
Professor Stephen Hawking died at the 1__________（年纪） of 76.
He was a great scientist and an extraordinary man whose work will live on for many years. His courage and humor inspired people 2__________（遍及） the world.
Hawking also discovered that black holes are not 3__________（完全） black but emit radiation（释放辐射） and will probably 4__________（消失） at last.
Unluckily, the ALS disease left Hawking wheelchair-bound and paralyzed. He was able to move only a few 5__________（手指） on one hand and was always dependent on 6__________（别人） or on technology—bathing, dressing, eating and even speech.
Most people value both his scientific achievements and his spiritual power. He said, “I have been 7__________（幸运的） that my condition has progressed more slowly than it is often the case. But it shows that one 8__________（不必） lose hope.”
He used to say to his children, “9__________（永不） give up work. Work gives you meaning and purpose and life is empty if you don’t have it. What’s more, if you find love around you, remember it is there and you shouldn’t 10__________（抛弃） it away.”
We will miss him forever.
参考答案
课堂突破
一、1. wearing 2. written 3. lying 4. tastes
5. dropped
三、1. needn’t 2. mustn’t 3. may/might 4. must
5. can’t
四、1. reminded, of 2. look through 3. waiting for 4. put out
5. pay attention to
当堂检测
一、1. picked up
2. come out 【解析】此处come out意为“出版”。
3. put off
4. taking off 【解析】由句意理解可知飞机要起飞了。take off意为“（飞机）起飞；脱下”。
5. Hurry up
二、1. age 2. across 3. completely 4. disappear
5. fingers 6. others 7. lucky 8. needn’t
9. Never 10. throw
课后练习26 动词
温馨提示：为满足部分老师批改时的评估需要，本课时的题量已按满分100分来设置，请需要的老师自行规划。
一、用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空
put on turn on pay for give up give away
1. Who is asking you to__________ this bicycle?
2. —Could you__________ the computer for me, dear? I want to check my e-mails.
—Certainly, I’ll do it right away.
3. —Tom, it’s cold outside.__________ your coat when you go out.
—OK, Mom.
4. No matter how hard it is, don’t__________ . Things will be better in the future.
5. The old man__________ all his money to charity before he died.
二、用适当的情态动词填空
1. You have worked hard all this week. You__________ be tired.
2. According to the radio, it__________ rain this evening.
3. —Look!It__________ be Mr. Zhang.
—No, it__________ be Mr. Zhang. He has gone to Paris.
4. —__________ I sit here?
—No, you__________ . You__________ sit there.
5. Here’re some earrings, so the owner__________ be a boy.
6. When I was five years old, I__________ swim.
7. —__________ you tell me where the post office is?
—Sorry, I’m new here. You__________ ask the policewoman over there. She__________ know.
8. You__________ talk loudly in the reading room and you__________ put the book back after you finish reading.
9. —__________ I finish this work in two days?
—Yes, but you__________ ask others for help.
10. You have already tried your best, so you__________worry about the matter.
三、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次
spend sound last keep warn
1. Oh, it__________ so nice. What beautiful music it is!
2. —Yao Ming is getting a lot better than expected.
—But his doctor__________ he shouldn’t be in a hurry to return to training.
3. —May I borrow these two books, please?
—Yes, you can__________ them for two weeks.
4. —How long do you think the terrible weather will__________?
—Why not listen to the weather report?
5. I__________ some of my free time playing basketball for my school team.
feed afford save enter miss
6. You need to take off your shoes before you__________ the new house.
7. —I like reading.
—Great!It can__________ your mind.
8. The boys arrived late at the cinema, and__________the start of the film.
9. I used to spend all my pocket money on clothes and snacks. But now, I try to__________ some money for charity.
10. I want to have a computer, but I can’t__________to buy one.
四、阅读理解（2018·杭州市余杭区模拟）
On March 14, one of the science’s brightest stars went dark. Stephen Hawking, the world-famous British scientist, died at 76 in Cambridge, the UK.
Hawking is considered by many to be the greatest scientist in history since Albert Einstein. He came up with the theory that the universe（宇宙） began with the Big Bang and will end in black holes. His theories became the base for a lot of later research. He also wrote books to help common people understand the universe. His most famous best-seller is A Brief History of Time, which has sold more than 10 million copies around the world, according to CNN.
Hawking was someone who had a strong will. When Hawking was 21, he had a serious illness that stopped him from walking and talking. Later in life, he had to sit in a wheelchair and “speak” using a computerized voice. But this didn’t stop him from living a meaningful and colorful life.
Hawking traveled the world to attend science meet-ings, visiting every continent（大陆）, including Antarctica. He was also a fan of pop culture and appeared on TV shows such as Star Trek and The Big Bang Theory. He celebrated his 60th birthday by going up in a hot-air balloon; when he was 65, he took part in a zero-gravity flight to experience weightlessness. He hoped to travel into space one day.
In 2013, Hawking spoke about how he felt life was unfair when he was first examined with his illness. “But now, 50 years later, I can be quietly satisfied with my life,” he said.
（ ）1. The underlined word “theory” in the 2nd pa-ragraph might mean “__________”.
A. plan B. idea C. advice D. request
（ ）2. The 2nd paragraph mainly tells us about the __________ of Stephen Hawking.
A. scientific achievements
B. characteristics
C. most famous book
D. meaningful life
（ ）3. Which of the following is TRUE about Haw-king according to the passage?
A. He visited every continent except Antarc-tica.
B. He had to move around in a wheelchair after a car accident.
C. He flew in a hot-air balloon to celebrate his 50th birthday.
D. He was interested in appearing on TV shows.
（ ）4. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A. Hawking Leaves Our Universe
B. Traveling in Space
C. The Big Bang Theory
D. Life Is Unfair
五、语法填空（2018·诸暨模拟）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空（每空不多于3个单词）。
In the Western world, Chinese takeout（外卖） is 1__________ unusual kind of food. Sent to your house in small square boxes 2__________（quick）, it comes with rice and fortune cookies（幸运饼干）. It will be a great 3__________（choose） if you feel lazy and don’t want to cook or eat out.
4__________ this kind of Chinese food isn’t very authentic（正宗的）. In fact, it is very different from real Chinese food. Nowadays, real Chinese dishes have been much 5__________（popular） in foreign countries than before. In the United States, people like having hotpot and roujiamo. In Russia, hundreds of tanghulu may 6__________（sell） in just a few hours. Latiao is even appearing in overseas classrooms. A lot of these foods are similar 7__________ Western foods. This explains clearly why they interest foreigners so much.
Chinese people 8__________ live abroad introduce most of these foods. Some of them are new, like latiao. Some of them 9__________（become） popular in foreign countries for so many years.
Some foreigners try many kinds of Chinese dishes. Some of these dishes are familiar（熟悉的） to them, while others are new. But one thing is for sure: It is really great fun for them 10__________（eat） Chinese food with their friends and families.
参考答案
一、1. pay for 2. turn on 3. Put on 4. give up
5. gave away
二、1. must 2. may/might 3. must, can’t 4. May/Can/Could, can’t, can/may/could
can’t 6. could 7. Can/Could, can/may, may
mustn’t, must
9. Must, can/may/could
10. needn’t
三、1. sounds 2. warns 3. keep 4. last
5. spend 6. enter
7. feed 【解析】read阅读。句中It指reading，此处意为“读书能滋养你的思想”。
8. missed
9. save
10. afford
四、1—3. BAD
4. A 【解析】本文主要讲了学界泰斗霍金的逝世。
五、1. an 2. quickly 3. choice 4. But
5. more popular 6. be sold 7. to 8. who/that
9. have become 10. to eat
