第27课 动词的时态
课堂突破
一、一般现在时
概念 一般现在时表示现阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
构成 一般现在时用动词原形表示。第三人称单数作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。be动词随主语人称、数的不同，有am, is, are三种形式的变化。
时间状语 常用的时间状语有often, usually, sometimes, always, hardly ever, seldom, never, at times, every day, once a week等，有时可以不使用。
用法 1. 表示现阶段经常性或习惯性的动作。如： ①My uncle goes to Hainan Island once a week. 我叔叔一周去一次海南岛。 ②Where do you usually go on Sundays? 你周日通常去哪儿？ 2. 表示现在的性格、特征、能力或存在的状态。如： ①She likes singing and dancing. 她喜欢唱歌跳舞。 ②I am much better now than before. 我现在比以前好多了。 3. 表示客观事实或普遍真理。如：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。 4. 由when, as soon as, until, after, before等引导的时间状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来时。如：I’ll send an e-mail to you as soon as I arrive in London. 我一到伦敦就会给你发邮件。
二、一般过去时
概念 一般过去时表示过去的动作或状态。
构成 一般过去时用动词过去式表示。动词过去式有规则变形和不规则变形两种。动词be的过去式为was, were，其中was用于第一人称单数和第三人称单数，were用于其他人称。
时间状语 常用的时间状语有yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 1998, this morning, one day, once upon a time, long ago等。
用法 1. 表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。如： ①Suddenly, the clouds cleared and the rain stopped. 突然，乌云消散，雨停了。 ②I was very thin in my childhood. 我孩提时特别瘦。 2. 表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。如： ①I got up very early when I was in primary school. 我上小学时起床非常早。 ②They often helped each other when they were at school. 他们在学校的时候常常互帮互助。 3. 有些句子中没有确定的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态时，也要用过去时。如：I didn’t know you live in Paris. 我不知道你住在巴黎。（那时我不知道你住在巴黎，但现在知道了，这里暗指But now I know you live in Paris.）
【活学活用】
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. I’ll do it better if I__________ （give） five more minutes.
2. The teacher told us that light__________ （travel） faster than sound.
3. She__________ （put） on her coat and went out.
三、现在进行时
概念 现在进行时表示现在或目前一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。
构成 主语+be（am/is/are）+动词的现在分词+其他。
时间状语 1. 常用的时间状语及提示性动词有now, at the moment, these days, look, listen等。 2. 没有进行时的动词： （1）表示感觉的感官动词，如：see, hear, notice等。如：Do you hear the noise of the plane? 你听见飞机的声音了吗？ （2）表示态度、感情、心理状态等的词，如：like, love, want, hope, hate, know, think, agree, believe等。如：I love my mother. 我爱我的妈妈。 （3）have/has作“拥有”讲时。如：Do you have a book? 你有一本书吗？
用法 1. 表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。如： ①He is watching TV now. 现在他正在看电视。 ②Look!They are playing basketball on the playground. 看！他们正在操场上打篮球。 2. 表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作（说话时不一定正在进行）。如：We are working on a farm these days. 这些天我们一直在农场干活。 3. 表示位置转移的词，如go, come, leave, arrive等常用进行时表将来，一般同表示将来的时间状语连用。如：He is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 他明天要去上海。
四、过去进行时
概念 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。
构成 主语+was/were+动词的现在分词+其他。如： She was writing a story at that time. 那时她正在写一个故事。
时间状语 常用的时间状语有at that moment, at that time, at this time yesterday, at 8:00 last night, when, while, just as等。
用法 1. 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。如：What were you doing at nine o’clock yesterday evening? 昨天晚上9点钟你正在做什么？ 2. 表示从过去某一时间的角度看将要发生的动作，常用于瞬间动词，如：go, come, leave等。如：They were leaving a few days later. 几天以后他们要离开。 3. 用在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，延续性动词用过去进行时，非延续性动词用一般过去时。如： ①While we were talking, the boy came in. 当我们正在交谈的时候，这个男孩进来了。 ②They were watching TV when I entered the room. 当我进入房间的时候，他们正在看电视。
过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作；一般过去时表示过去发生的一个单纯事实，动作往往已经结束。如： ①Mary wrote a letter to her friend last night. （信已经写完） ②Mary was writing a letter to her friend last night. （信不一定写完）
【活学活用】
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. Look!The Greens__________（play） games together
in the park. What a happy family!
2. I__________ （read） a book when my parents came back home last night.
3. —Yesterday evening I called you, but nobody answered the phone.
—Sorry. I__________（take） a shower in the bathroom.
五、一般将来时
概念 一般将来时表示将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态或将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
构成 1. 主语+be（am/is/are）+going to+动词原形+其他。如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你打算做什么？ 2. 主语+will（shall用于第一人称）+动词原形+其他。如：I’ll go and visit her next Friday. 下个星期五我要去拜访她。
时间状语 常用的时间状语有tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, soon, in a week, next week/month等。
will与be going to的区别 be going to强调的是在说话时刻之前已经考虑过的，即强调计划性和安排性；will强调的是主观意愿，具有随意性。如： ①He is going to be a doctor when he grows up. 当他长大后他打算成为一名医生。 ②I will give her a hand whenever she asks me for help. 无论什么时候她向我请求帮助，我都会向她伸出援助之手。
一般将来时的其他用法 1. 有些动词可以用现在进行时表示将来发生的动作。这种结构通常表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。这类动词常见的有go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, send, sail, meet, fly等。如： ①I am coming. 我就来。 ②He is flying to Australia tomorrow. 他明天就要飞往澳大利亚了。 2. 在由if（如果）引导的条件状语从句和由when（当……时候），until（直到……），as soon as（一……就……）等引导的时间状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如： ①Let’s finish the work before it is dark. 让我们在天黑之前把活干完。 ②I’ll send you an e-mail as soon as I arrive in New York. 我一到纽约就会给你发邮件。
六、过去将来时
概念 过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
构成 用“助动词would+动词原形”或“was/were going to+动词原形”表示。
时间状语 常用的时间状语有the next day, the following week等。
用法 过去将来时多用于宾语从句中。如： ①I didn’t know if she would come. 我不知道她是否会来。 ②He said that he would ring me up. 他说他会给我打电话。
【活学活用】
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. She__________ （take） a walk every morning unless the weather is terrible.
2. I didn’t know if Amy__________ （come）.
3. It is said that the pop singer__________ （appear） in our city next week.
4. —Why are you in such a hurry, John?
—There__________ （be） an NBA basketball game in ten minutes.
七、现在完成时
概念 现在完成时表示过去已经发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。
构成 助动词（have, has）+过去分词。过去分词有规则变形和不规则变形两种，规则动词的过去分词的变形与该动词过去式的变形相同。
时间状语 常与already, just, yet, lately, recently, never, ever, once, twice, three times, before等连用。
用法 1. 表示结束、结果。动作发生在过去，而且终止于过去，但其结果对现在仍有影响。如： ①I’ve written down some ideas. 我已经写下了一些想法。 ②I’ve just finished my homework. 我刚刚完成了我的作业。 2. 表示继续。动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在，并有可能延续下去，要用持续性动词（否定句除外）。常与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用（for+一段时间, since+时间开始的起点）。常用的时间状语还有in the last（past）...， for a long time, so far, ever since等。如： ①I have studied at this school for two years. 我在这所学校上了两年学了。 ②Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened. 自从这家工厂开办以来，王叔叔就在这儿工作。 3. 表示经验，即从过去到现在之间曾经经历过的事情。如： I have never been to Mount Emei before. 我以前从未去过峨眉山。
注意事项 1. 现在完成时不能与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, just now, last Sunday, in 1999, two weeks ago, when I arrived等；但可以和包括现在在内的一些时间状语连用，如today, this week, this month, this term, this year等。如： We have learned 500 English words this term. 我们这学期学了500个英语单词。 2. 现在完成时的谓语动词如果是短暂性动词，通常不能与表示一段时间的for短语及since短语（或从句）等连用。应将短暂性动词改为相应的延续性动词。转换情况如下：borrow→keep, buy→have, die→be dead, come （to）→be （in）, go/leave→be away, become→be, fall asleep→be asleep, begin→be on, go out→be out, join→be a member of, marry→be married。如： ①He has been away since last week. 自从上周他就离开了。 ②How long have you kept the books? 你借这些书多长时间了？ 注：在否定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如： I haven’t borrowed a book for a long time. 我好长时间没有借过一本书了。 3. have/has been to与have/has gone to的区别：have/has been to表示“去过某地”，已经回来了或有去过某地的经历；have/has gone to表示“去某地了”，还没有回来。如： ①Mary has been to Shanghai twice. 玛丽去过上海两次。（玛丽已不在上海了） ②Mary has gone to Shanghai. 玛丽到上海去了。（玛丽已不在出发地了）
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 侧重点不同。现在完成时是与现在有关的状态，属现在时态范畴，它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响；而一般过去时是一种过去时态，侧重于表示过去的动作，与现在无关。如： ①I closed the door five minutes ago. 我五分钟前关上了门。（强调动作发生在过去，现在门是否关上无从知晓） ②I have closed the door. 我已经关上了门。（强调门现在是关着的）
八、过去完成时
构成 助动词had+动词的过去分词。
用法 1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。常与by, before, by the end of, by the time （that）等引导的时间状语从句连用。如： ①She had known my brother for three years before I met her. 在我见到她以前，她认识我哥哥已经3年了。 ②By 10：30 she still hadn’t arrived. 到10：30时她还没到。 ③I found the letter after he had gone away. 他走了以后我找到了那封信。 2. 过去完成时常用于宾语从句中。主句谓语为过去式（said, asked, told等），从句用过去完成时，此时从句中的动作发生在主句的动作之前。如： She said she had worked in a foreign company for five years before she became an English teacher. 她说在成为一名英语教师之前她已在一家外国公司工作了5年。
【活学活用】
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. Uncle Wang is the funniest person I__________ ever __________（meet）.
2. When he asked me about my homework yesterday, I __________ already__________ （hand） it in.
3. China__________ （send） up several Shenzhou manned spacecraft into space since 2003.
4. She__________ （change） a lot in the past few years.
当堂检测
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. （2018·湖州）There__________ places to play ball games so far like tennis and basketball.
2. —I can’t find Jack. Do you know where he is?
—He__________ （go） to the museum with his son.
3. —Hi, Linda. I didn’t see you at the party last night.
—Oh, I__________ （get） ready for the math exam.
4. —Jane, where is Mike? I can’t find him on the playg-round.
—Oh, he__________ （play） the piano in the music room now.
5. —Do you know if Cindy will drive to Italy this weekend?
—Cindy? Never. She__________ （hate） driving.
6. By the end of last week, she__________ （stay） in the west of China for two months helping the homeless children.
7. Mr. Wang has left for Guangzhou. He__________ （give） a speech there in two days.
8. She wants to know if there__________ （be） a flower show next week.
9. If it__________ （rain） tomorrow, we won’t go swimming.
10. —Turn off the radio, dear. Tom is sleeping.
—There is no need. He__________ （wake） up.
二、根据短文内容和所给汉语提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。（2017·嵊州中考模拟）
More than 95 percent of people in the world have phones today. They help us 1__________（容易地） connect with others by making calls or sending messages. It means that we 2__________（很少） write letters now. But a TV show, Letters Alive, is3__________（提醒） us of this old habit.
The 4__________（第一） show invited famous actors and actresses to read letters. “The letters were written by people from different times in history. 5__________（每一） letter opens another world for us,” according to Guan Zhengwen, the director of the TV show. “It seems that we can experience 6 （生活） and feelings of the writers.”
Besides Letters Alive, some other shows have also been well received by Chinese audiences, 7__________（包括） Chinese Poetry Conference（《中国诗词大会》） and the Readers.
Since it was shown on Dec. 5, Letters Alive has been widely 8__________（赞扬）. “This means that our audiences are paying 9__________（注意） to not only entertainment like eye-catching games, but true feelings and10__________（文化的） values,” reported China Youth Daily.
参考答案
课堂突破
二、1. am given 2. travels 3. put
四、1. are playing 2. was reading 3. was taking
六、1. takes 2. would come 3. will appear 4. will be
八、1. have, met 2. had, handed 3. has sent 4. has changed
当堂检测
一、1. have been 2. has gone 3. was getting 4. is playing
5. hates 6. had stayed 7. will give 8. will be
9. rains 10. has woken
二、1. easily 2. seldom 3. reminding 4. first
5. Every/Each 6. lives 7. including 8. praised
9. attention 10. cultural/culture
课后练习27 动词的时态
温馨提示：为满足部分老师批改时的评估需要，本课时的题量已按满分100分来设置，请需要的老师自行规划。
一、用所给词的适当形式或根据汉语提示完成句子
1. He___________（save） up about 300 dollars already.
2. I___________ you some photos of Edinburgh Castle next time.
3. There___________（有） an interesting cartoon on CCTV-6 at seven thirty this evening.
4. Echo___________（离开） for half a month. She’ll come back in two months.
5. The meeting___________（开始） by the time I got there yesterday.
6. —What did your pen pal say in the letter?
—She said that she___________（参观） the Disneyland the next day.
7. The train___________（leave） for Shanghai in ten minutes.
8. —I___________（lose） my watch. Could you please tell me the time?
—Sure. Half past seven.
9. Oh, my God!We___________（miss） the last bus to our school.
10. Tom___________（invite） all his friends to his birthday party last Sunday.
二、完形填空（2018·金华市金东区模拟）
One day, I was walking around in a big store. Suddenly I saw a 1 talking to a boy about 5 years old. “I’m sorry, but you don’t have enough money to buy this doll,” the man said.
The little boy 2 me and asked, “Uncle, are you sure I don’t have enough money?”
I counted his money, “I’m sorry, but it’s not enough.” Then I asked him who he 3 to give this doll to.
“It’s the doll that my sister wanted so much. I wanted to give it to her for her 4 . I have to give the doll to my mommy so that she can take it to my sister.” His eyes were so 5 while saying this, “My sister has gone to be with God. Daddy says that Mommy is going to see God very soon too, 6 she can take the doll with her to give it to my sister.”
My heart 7 stopped. Then he showed me a very nice photo of 8 . He then told me, “I want Mommy to take my 9 with her so my sister won’t forget me.”
Then he looked again at the doll very 10 . I quickly reached for my wallet and suggested that we count the money again. I added some money to it, 11 him seeing.
Excitedly, the little boy said, “Thank God for giving me enough money.”
I went home and couldn’t forget it. Then I 12 a local newspaper article two days ago. The article 13 a drunk in a truck, who hit a car with a woman and a girl. The girl died right away, and the mother was left in a 14 state.
Two days later, the young mother had 15 forever. I couldn’t stop myself when I saw the doll and the boy’s picture in the newspaper. I felt that my life had been changed forever.
（ ）1. A. father B. stranger C. customer D. salesman
（ ）2. A. moved B. noticed C. forced D. directed
（ ）3. A. wished B. failed C. hurried D. preferred
（ ）4. A. hobby B. prize C. birthday D. collection
（ ）5. A. sad B. angry C. crazy D. strict
（ ）6. A. though B. but C. because D. so
（ ）7. A. fully B. nearly C. himself D. herself
（ ）9. A. life B. photo C. heart D. smile
（ ）10. A. quietly B. politely C. exactly D. proudly
（ ）11. A. by B. over C. through D. without
（ ）12. A. wrote B. missed C. designed D. remembered
（ ）13. A. praised B. mentioned C. protected D. separated
（ ）14. A. free B. helpful C. dangerous D. comfortable
（ ）15. A. fallen asleep B. come back C. got lost D. grown up
三、用所给动词的适当形式完成短文
Mr. Black 1___________（live） in a village before he became a famous lawyer. He remembered his hard life while he 2___________（study） in college, and his parents 3___________（borrow） much money for him. So he works hard now and 4___________（try） his best to make money.
Now he lives in a beautiful house with his family, and his son Richard 5___________（be） clever. He loves him very much and sends him to the best school in the city. He 6___________（want） Richard to live a happy life and buys everything the boy wants. He also hopes that his son can 7___________（become） a great scientist.
But he doesn’t know Richard hates studying and spends much time playing games. Now he shows an interest in fishing and sometimes 8___________（not have） lessons. So he 9___________（fail） his exams. Miss Green, his head teacher, tells him not to do that, but he doesn’t listen to her. She became angry after he was late again one afternoon.
“I’ll visit your father tomorrow evening, Richard,” said Miss Green, “I’ll ask him to use a good way to educate you!”
“You had better not talk with him, madam,” said the boy, “or you 10___________（pay） a fee for his advisory（咨询的） service!”
四、根据短文内容和所给汉语提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词
The Dragon Boat Festival has a history of more than two thousand years. It is held by eating zongzi and holding dragon boat races on the 1___________（第五） day of May every year.
The date of the festival is said to be the date when Qu Yuan passed away. He was an 2___________（诚实的） man, and was loved by people. He wanted the Emperor of Chu to fight 3___________（反对） the State of Qin and the State of Qi, but he was 4___________（拒绝） and sent to the border area. Then he wrote many 5___________（诗） with his strong feelings for Chu. On the day when Chu was beaten by Qin, Qu Yuan 6___________（跳） into the Miluo River to show his love by killing himself.
After Qu Yuan 7___________（死）, people of Chu went to the Miluo River to remember the great man and they threw eggs and 8___________（米饭） wrapped in leaves into the river to feed the fish. Thus the fish couldn’t get close to Qu Yuan 9___________（容易地）.
Now the Dragon Boat Festival has not just become a 10___________（传统的） festival but a happy time that the Chinese people dream of to spend with their family.
五、语法填空（2018·杭州市江干区模拟）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空（每空不多于3个单词）。
I will never forget the Art Festival in my high school when I won a big prize. All my teachers and classmates think I have a gift for 1___________（paint）. However, when I was a pupil in the primary school, I did not like art lessons because I could not draw very well. In fact, my drawings were much 2___________（bad） than most of my classmates’.
One day, when I 3___________（play） with some paint, Ms. Smith’s art lesson began. I mixed the paint with water as usual. As I took the brush away, I
4___________（drop） the paint onto the paper. Looking at the mark, I decided 5___________（blow） it. The paint began to run, and I blew harder. The paint ran in all 6___________（direction） quickly and made a very interesting picture!I forgot that I was in class 7___________ Ms. Smith came by my desk. With a big smile on her face, she said, “That’s 8___________ very good picture, Sandy.” After class, she encouraged 9___________（I） to keep trying and make more pictures.
I made a lot of 10___________（wonder） pictures later with her help. Since then, I have been crazy about crayons and paints. I enjoy myself in the world of colors every time I paint.
参考答案
一、1. has saved
2. will send/am going to send/am sending
3. is going to be
4. has been away 【解析】for half a month为一段时间，动词得用延续性动词，且用现在完成时态。由句意“她将两个月后回来”说明已经离开。
5. had begun 【解析】“我到那儿”是过去的时间，会议开始在我到那儿之前，应是过去的过去，故用过去完成时。
6. would visit
7. will leave
8. have lost
9. have missed
10. invited
二、1—5. DBACA
6—10. DBCBA
11—14. DDBC
15. A 【解析】句意为：两天后，这位年轻的妈妈永远地睡着了。
三、1. had lived 2. was studying 3. borrowed 4. tries
5. is 6. wants 7. become 8. doesn’t have
9. fails 10. will pay
四、1. fifth 2. honest 3. against 4. refused
5. poems 6. jumped 7. died 8. rice
9. easily 10. traditional
五、1. painting 2. worse 3. was playing 4. dropped
5. to blow 6. directions 7. until 8. a
9. me 10. wonderful
