第30课 主谓一致
课堂突破
概念 在英语中，句子的主语和谓语动词要保持数上的一致关系，叫主谓一致。
使 用 原 则 语法一致原则 句子的主语是单数形式，谓语动词要用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。如： ①Australia is an extremely rich country. 澳大利亚是个非常富裕的国家。 ②All the students except Lin Tao are planting trees on the hills. 除了林涛以外所有的学生都在小山上植树。
意义一致原则 谓语动词该用单数还是复数取决于主语所表达的内容在含义上是单数意义还是复数意义。如：The Chinese are industrious. 中国人是勤劳的。
邻近原则 谓语动词该用单数还是复数形式，取决于最邻近它的名词、代词或其他词的数。另外，neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also...连接两个名词或代词作主语时，或由there, here引导的句子，并且主语不止一个时，谓语动词通常与邻近它的那个主语保持数上的一致。如： There is a dictionary and some books on the desk. 桌子上有一本词典和一些书。
特 殊 的 情 况 1. 表示时间、重量、数目、价格、长度、数学运算等的词或词组作主语时，尽管它们是复数形式，但如果把这些复数形式的词或词组看作是一个整体，谓语动词就用单数形式。如： Three weeks is a short time. 三个星期是很短的一段时间。 2. 动词不定式、动名词、从句或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 3. 由and连接两个单词作主语时，要看其表示的意义来决定谓语动词用单数还是复数形式，如果表示的是一个整体的概念或指的是同一事物，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是两个不同的对象时，谓语动词用复数形式。如： ①The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和教师走来了。（作家和教师是两个人） ②The poet and teacher is one of my friends. 那位诗人兼教师是我的一位朋友。（诗人和教师指的是同一个人） 4. 集合（体）名词people, police一般看作复数意义，谓语动词要用复数形式。另外一些集合（体）名词，如family, enemy, class, army等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式，要根据这些词在句中的实际含义而定。当它们表示的是整体意义时，谓语动词用单数形式；当它们强调或着重指个体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。如： ①Are there any police around? 附近有警察吗？ ②My family is big. 我家很大。 ③My family are all at home. 我家人都在家。 5. 名词性物主代词mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs等作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于该动词后面名词的数，动词后面的名词是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；动词后面的名词为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。如： ①His is a new bike. 他的是新自行车。 ②Ours are old bikes. 我们的是旧自行车。 6. many a意为“许多”，但因其后面跟的是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Many a person has had that kind of experience. 许多人都有过那种经历。 7. none作主语时，谓语动词可用单数或复数。如： ①None knows/know a great deal about this experiment. 没有一个人对这项实验知道得很多。 ②None has/have been found. 一个也没找到。 8. 注意population一类词：用作整体概念时，其谓语动词用单数形式；主语指“（人口）中的一部分”时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The population of China is 1.36 billion and 70% of the population are peasants. 中国有13.6亿人口，其中70%的人口是农民。 9. ...percent of+不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；...percent of+可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如： ①50 percent of the water is not very fresh. 50%的水是不新鲜的。 ②50 percent of the students come from Shanghai. 50%的学生来自上海。 10. every+单数名词+and+every+单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Every boy and every girl wants to go there. 每个男孩、女孩都想去那儿。
当堂检测
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. （2018·嘉兴、舟山中考）We only talk to each other when the waiter__________ （show） us the menu.
2. Nobody but two boys__________ （be） late for class yesterday.
3. Either Eve or Herb__________ （have） been invited by Lucy’s parents already.
4. —What__________ （be） the number of the students in your school?
—About two thousand. A number of them__________ （be） from England.
5. Everyone except Tom and John__________ （have） seen the film.
6. Swimming in the pool with friends__________ （be） very interesting.
二、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。（2018·宁海中考模拟）
seem next produce wide leaf
Judy: China is famous for tea, right?
Lin Tao: Yes, both in the past and now.
Judy: Where is tea 1__________ in China?
Lin Tao: In many different areas. For example, Anxi and Hangzhou are 2__________ known for their tea.
Judy: Well, can you tell me how to produce tea?
Lin Tao: Sure. As far as I know, tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains. When the 3__________ are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sent for producing.
Judy: What happens 4__________?
Lin Tao: The tea is packed and sent to many different coun-tries and places around China.
Judy: It 5__________ that many people all over the world drink Chinese tea.
Lin Tao: Yes, people say that tea is good for both health and business!
三、任务型阅读。（2017·海宁中考模拟）
下面是一名导游的导游词。请根据所给的简单平面图，将这段导游词补充完整。
Welcome to our travel bus. I’m glad to be your guide. Now let’s begin our trip. Our bus starts at the bus station. Next to the station is a 1__________. If you are in need, ask the police there for help. Our bus is running on 2__________. Now turn your head to right. Can you see a big white house? It’s the History Museum. And 3__________ the museum is a small pool. Many people like swimming there. Now our bus is turning 4__________ to Green Street. There is a big maple tree on the left. It’s very old. OK, please turn your head to the right. It’s the 5__________. Across the theater is the square. Our bus will stop here for twenty minutes and there is a restroom for us to relax in. Now, please get off the bus.
参考答案
当堂检测
一、1. shows 2. was 3. has
4. is, are 5. has
6. is 【解析】“swimming in the pool with friends”是动名词短语，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
二、1. produced 2. widely 3. leaves 4. next
5. seems
三、1. police station 2. King Road 3. behind
4. left 5. People’s Theater
课后练习30 主谓一致
温馨提示：为满足部分老师批改时的评估需要，本课时的题量已按满分100分来设置，请需要的老师自行规划。
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Usually, a messenger____________（stay） in the position（职位） for three years.
2. Nobody____________（want） to make friends with Bill.
3. Look!A group of American people____________（stand） under the big tree.
4. His family____________（enjoy） watching volleyball games.
5. Neither my sisters nor my little brother___________（watch） TV. They are playing computer games.
6. Both Helen and I____________（get） ready for the picnic when Mom came back home.
7. The Whites____________（live） in China for more than five years.
8. I think climbing mountains____________（be） better than going fishing.
9. Everyone except Tom and John____________（be） there when the meeting began.
10. David with his brother____________（play） soccer in the park every day.
11. The population of Shanghai____________（be） larger than that of Lanzhou.
12. Collecting coins____________（be） my hobby.
13. Physics____________（be） so difficult for me that I can’t pass it every term.
14. Neither she nor her two sisters____________（be） interested in playing the guitar.
15. —I think two months____________（be） quite a long time.
—Yes, I’m afraid that she will miss a lot of lessons.
16. What you’ve done____________（be） very important to all of us.
17. This pair of shoes____________ Sarah’s. My shoes____________under my bed. （be）
18. The teacher and writer____________（be） coming to our school to give us a talk.
19. Nothing____________（be） difficult in the world if you put your heart into it.
20. There are fifty students in our class. Two thirds of them____________（be） boys.
二、完形填空（2018·遂昌模拟）
Paul was a rich man. When his father died, he 1 Paul a beautiful forest manor（庄园）. 2 , before Paul could sell it for a lot of money, a terrible fire destroyed 3 . Watching the beautiful green trees turned into ashes（灰烬） overnight, Paul felt his 4 broken.
In order to bring back the forest manor’s beauty, Paul tried to 5 money from the bank. But the bank refused him, 6 the bank didn’t believe he’d pay it back. Then he didn’t know what to do. He became so 7 that he hid in his room for days. His wife was worried about him and suggested he 8 outside.
Paul went for a walk. When he turned at the first corner, he saw a 9 with a huge crowd. It showed that the housewives were waiting in line to buy charcoal（木炭） used 10 winter heating.
Then Paul’s eyes lit up because he thought this winter was so 11 that the charcoal must be short. He 12 home and asked some charcoal workers to make the forest’s burned trees into charcoal.
13 his charcoal went on the market, it sold out quickly. Soon, he 14 more than 1,000 boxes of charcoal. It gave Paul hope again.
The following year in spring, he used the money to buy a large number of 15 . After a few years, the forest manor that everyone thought had disappeared came to life again.
（ ）1. A. built B. left C. bought D. made
（ ）2. A. Unfortunately B. Luckily C. Suddenly D. Unhappily
（ ）3. A. him B. her C. it D. them
（ ）4. A. head B. arms C. heart D. legs
（ ）5. A. get B. make C. save D. borrow
（ ）6. A. because B. and C. so D. as
（ ）7. A. relaxed B. sad C. angry D. serious
（ ）8. A. sell the manor B. have a drink C. make money D. take a break
（ ）9. A. park B. bank C. store D. hotel
（ ）10. A. by B. for C. in D. as
（ ）11. A. cool B. cold C. warm D. hot
（ ）12. A. drove B. walked C. ran D. jumped
（ ）13. A. As long as B. After C. As soon as D. Before
（ ）14. A. bought B. sent C. gave D. sold
（ ）15. A. trees B. flowers C. horses D. cows
三、单句改错
1. Class 3 was all out when the door opened.
____________
2. The police is searching for the murderer last night.
____________
3. The family is watching TV now.
____________
4. Our headmaster and secretary are kind and strict.
____________
5. Shanghai is one of the biggest city in China.
____________
6. Three months are quite a long time.
____________
7. Neither Mary nor her parents has been to Australia.
____________
8. Physics are a difficult subject for girls.
____________
9. Each of them are looking forward to coming back again.
____________
10. Everyone are in the classroom except Lily and Lucy.
____________
四、语法填空（2017·海宁模拟）
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空（每空不多于3个单词）。
Do you often feel like recording the beautiful moments in your life? Then what do you usually do? Post words and 1 （picture） on Weibo, WeChat or QQ? It’s true that social media（社交媒体） has become 2____________important part of our daily life, but traditional handwriting is coming back, too. Keeping a daily journal（日志） is a fashionable way to do it.
A daily journal can 3 （call） shouzhang（手账） in Chinese. The word 4 （come） from Japan, where the trend（潮流） of keeping a daily journal started. A daily journal is
5 （real） like a mixture of a diary, a planner and a scrapbook（剪贴簿）. You may write 6____________those little things in your life, such 7____________the breakfast you eat, the book you read and the thoughts you have. You may also use your journal 8 （make） new year plans and daily schedules. 9____________you watch a movie or take a train, you may save the ticket stub（票根） in your journal too.
More and more daily journal keepers are trying to make their journals art pieces. 10____________could take a long time for a beginner to become a daily journal expert. And here may be where you start.
参考答案
一、1. stays 2. wants 3. are standing 4. enjoy
is watching 6. were getting 7. have lived 8. is
9. was 10. plays 11. is 12. is
13. is 14. are 15. is 6. is
17. is, are 18. is 19. is 20. are
二、1. B
2. A 【解析】由下文大火毁坏了庄园可知是不幸的事。
3—5. CCD
6—10. ABDCB
11—15. BCCDA
三、1. was, was→were 2. is, is→were 3. is, is→are
are, are→is 5. city, city→cities 6. are, are→is
has, has→have 8. are, are→is 9. are, are→is
10. are, are→is
四、1. pictures 2. an 3. be called 4. comes/came
5. really 6. down 7. as 8. to make
9. After/If 10. It
