第36课 阅读理解
解题策略方法
中考英语阅读理解题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对材料的评价能力等。
试题中所选的阅读文章题材多样，涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面。这要求学生平时对各方面的知识都有所积累，做个有心人。体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格（要求学生能看懂这类阅读材料尤其是时下出题的趋势）等各种文体。它要求考生阅读理解准确度高、阅读速度快。
一、阅读理解题主要考查方面
1. 文章的个别词或句子，可以给出生词让学生猜意，对此类题目学生应尽量在阅读材料中找定义或相应的解释。
2. 文章的某细节或情节。
3. 文章的主题。
4. 文章的背景知识。
5. 文章的结论或结局。
6. 文章内含的隐义或寓意。
二、阅读理解题的主要题型
1. 具体信息
这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。
2. 语义理解
题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子做出解释。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。
3. 逻辑推理
这种题目有一定难度，往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，才能获得正确答案。
4. 归纳概括
要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章做出归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题（title）、主题（main idea）、结论（conclusion）、结局（end）等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、专业知识进行逻辑思维推理判断，从而获取文章中内隐的信息。
5. 词义判断
要求根据上下文判断短文中单词或短语的意思。
三、阅读理解题采取的策略与方法
在阅读过程中要重视培养自我阅读能力，根据不同的阅读目的和要求，采取不同的阅读方法和策略。提高阅读能力所常用的阅读技巧主要有扫读、略读、细读等。
1. 扫读：是一种快速阅读，主要在于对文章信息的精确定位，锁定重要信息，如找出人物、时间、地点、数字等。
2. 略读：也是一种快速阅读，目的是读取文章的主旨大意。与扫读不同的是，略读是跳跃式的，略掉一些内容不读，取出短文中的关键性内容。
3. 细读：细读是完全阅读，目的包括：（1）确定中心思想及标题；（2）了解用以阐述中心思想的事实及细节；（3）对作者的暗示或隐含思想进行判断、推理、引申；（4）根据上下文推测词义。
4. 扩大视距：要以意群为单位，注重对整句话的理解，扩大注视空间。
5. 带问题阅读：先浏览短文后面的题目，做到心中有数，带着目的去阅读，以提高阅读实效。
6. 根据上下文猜测词义：遇到生词，要根据上下文线索和暗示、上下文的联系、常识和经验推断或猜测词义。
7. 阅读标题：文章的标题往往是文章主题的高度概括，能给读者以启发和想象。
8. 阅读首尾两段和每一段的首句（主题句），了解大意：抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。也有些文章没有主题句，需要考生自己归纳。
当堂检测
A（2018·仙居中考模拟）
Come to get books at a great price and support a charity. *You’re welcome to give away books for all ages. *Buy used books（including some best-sellers） as follows. Absolutely Almost by Lisa Graff, the US $2.99（used） Albie has always been an “almost”. He’s almost good at sports. He’s almost smart enough to pass his spelling test. He almost makes his parents proud. In fact, Albie has a long list of the things he’s not very good at. However, things begin to change when Albie gets a new babysitter, Calista. What will happen to this “almost” boy? This One Summer by Jillian Tamaki&Mariko Tamki, Canada $5.83（used） Every summer, Rose goes with her mum and dad to a lake house in Awago Beach. Rose’s friend Windy is always there, too. But this summer is different. Rose’s mum and dad keep fighting. Rose and Windy want to run away from it, but they find themselves with a whole new set of problems. It’s really a summer of sadness and growing up. The Fourteenth Goldfish by Jennifer L. Holm, the US $1.06（used） Eleven-year-old Ellie has never liked changes. She misses the fifth grade. She misses her old best friend. She even misses her dearly dead goldfish. Then one day a strange boy shows up. He looks a lot like Ellie’s grandfather, a scientist who’s always been crazy about immortality（永生）. Could this strange boy really be Ellie’s grandpa? Has he finally found the secret to immortality with Ellie?
（ ）1. The three best-sellers above__________ .
A. are sold at the same price
B. are all second-hand books
C. were all written by American writers
D. will be given away to teenagers
（ ）2. We can infer（推断） from This One Summer that __________ .
A. Rose stays at home every summer
B. Rose is looking forward to growing up
C. Rose cannot meet her friend this summer
D. the relationship between Rose’s parents goes bad
（ ）3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the introductions of the three books?
A. Albie begins to change when he gets a new babysitter.
B. For Rose, it’s a summer of happiness and growing up.
C. Ellie is a girl who likes changing everything in her life.
D. All the three books have something to do with the main characters’ parents.
B（杭州市上城区中考模拟）
We all know what it’s like to get a phone call in the middle of the night. That night’s call was no different.
“Hello?” My heart beat hard.
“Mama?” the voice answered. My thoughts immediately went to my daughter.
“Mama, I’ve been drinking. I nearly ran off the road a few miles back. All I could think of was whether it would hurt you if a policeman came to your door and said I’d been killed. I want to come home. I know running away was wrong. I know you’ve been worried. I should have called you days ago but I was afraid.”
My senses were clear then, “I think...”
“No!Please let me finish!” she cried hopelessly. Before I could go on, she continued. “Are you still there? Please don’t hang up on me!I need you.”
“I’m here, I wouldn’t hang up,” I said.
“I know I should have told you. But, when we talk, you just keep telling me what I should do. You don’t listen to me. You never let me tell you how I feel. Because you’re my mother, and you think you have all the answers. But sometimes I don’t need answers. I just want someone to listen.”
“I’m listening,” I answered quietly.
“I called a taxi. I’m coming home, Mama.” There was a click, and the phone went silent.
Tears forming in my eyes, I walked into my 16-year-old daughter’s room. I wiped the tears.
“We have to learn to listen,” I said to my husband.
He studied me for a second, and then asked, “Do you think she’ll ever know she got the wrong number?”
I looked at our sleeping daughter, and then back at him. “Maybe it wasn’t such a wrong number.”
（ ）1. From the phone call we know that the girl .
A. had a fight with her mother before
B. wanted to go home but lost her way
C. drank too much and drove too fast
D. ran away from her home days ago
（ ）2. If it is a short play, there will be__________ characters appearing on the stage.
A. two B. three C. four D. five
（ ）3. The relationship between the girl and the writer is__________ .
A. relatives B. strangers
C. friends D. neighbors
（ ）4. At the end of the story, the writer felt .
A. thankful B. excited
C. worried D. painful
（ ）5. We can guess that in the future the writer will__________ .
A. look after her daughter better
B. be a good listener to her daughter
C. talk to her daughter more often
D. never be angry with her daughter
参考答案
当堂检测
A：1—3. BDA
B：1—3. DCB
4. A 【解析】这个电话让作者从此学会倾听，所以作者对此充满感谢。
5. B
课后练习36 阅读理解
A（2018·杭州市余杭区模拟）
Getting excited over the Christmas ads becomes a big tradition for people in the UK. This year, Sainsbury, the second largest supermarket in the UK, shared its ad called Mog the Cat. Now the ad is known as “the best Christmas ad ever” according to Twitter.
The ad is about a cat of the Thomas family. In the ad, the cat blew up the Christmas tree and almost burned the house. Luckily, she succeeded in phoning the fire service and saved the house.____________ Mog felt sorry. As they were worried, the neighbors came together to help the family clean up and enjoy Christmas dinner. Its ending will make you feel all sweet inside. It also carries Sainsbury’s Christmas saying “Christmas is for sharing.”
Another reason why the ad is popular is that Mog the cat is the star of a much-loved children’s book. The writer Kerr herself appears in this ad as a neighbor of the Thomas family. This ad also tells us some fire safety facts.
Twitters were talking about and enjoyed the ad. One little boy named Jim wrote the ad was the best Christmas gift he got this year. Jill mixed feeling with the ad. She wrote this ad made her laugh and cry at the same time and she said, “I don’t even like cats.” Another woman wrote: “So far Sainsbury’s Christmas ad is the best I’ve seen this year.” People like the ad not only for the funny story but also for the spirit of Christmas it shows.
（ ）1. “____________” might be the most proper sentence to be put in the blank of Paragraph 2.
A. But she made Christmas Day even greater.
B. But she brought much fun to the Thomas family.
C. But she was ready to live with the neigh-bors of the Thomas family.
D. But she messed up Christmas Day.
（ ）2. Find out the probable reasons why people like the ad according to the passage.
①The ad shows the spirit of Christmas.
②The writer Kerr appears in the ad.
③That is the ad made by Sainsbury.
④Mog the cat is the star of a much-loved children’s book.
A. ①② B. ③④ C. ①④ D. ②③
（ ）3. From the last paragraph, we can learn that ____________ .
A. few Twitters like the ad Mog the Cat
B. Jill doesn’t like cats anymore after watch-ing the ad
C. people like the ad just because it’s really funny
D. the ad Mog the Cat is very popular with people
（ ）4. Which of the following shows the structure（结构） of the passage?（P=Paragraph）
B（2018·温州市瓯海区模拟）
Yu Guangzhong was born in 1928 in Nanjing, Jiangsu. Yu spent his younger days on the Chinese main-land before moving to Taiwan in his 20s. Nostalgia—which Yu wrote in his 40s to voice his homesickness for his childhood mother-land—became his most well-known work. The poem appeared in Chinese school textbooks and was changed into songs.
However, Nostalgia became so famous among the over 1,000 poems he’d written. Nostalgia seemed to be the only one that the public ever talked about. “It kept people from seeing the real me,” Yu once said, according to China Youth Daily.
Indeed, writing poems is only one of Yu’s many talents. Great Chinese writer Liang Shiqiu once said of Yu, “He writes poems with his right hand and proses with his left. There is hardly anyone who matches his achievements at the time.”
Yu was also a translator. According to CGTN, Yu spoke French, German, Spanish, Italian and Russian, and published 13 translation collections.
And he used his talents well. He spent his whole life working, even in his 80s. Yu said that whenever people asked whether he still kept the habit of writing up, he would always answer, “Why don’t you ask me if I’m still breathing?”
To him, writing was a part of life that shouldn’t be changed by age or anything else.
Now that Yu has taken his last breath, his writing career has finally been put to rest. But many books he wrote and translated will be kept in our hearts.
（ ）1. Yu spent most of his life time____________ .
A. in Italy B. in France
C. in Taiwan D. in Chinese mainland
（ ）2. According to the passage, Nostalgia____________ .
A. became as well-known as Yu’s other 1,000 poems
B. was the only poem Yu had written in his lifetime
C. appeared in school textbooks in many countries
D. showed his homesickness for Chinese main-land
（ ）3 What can we infer from the passage about Yu?
A. He thought he couldn’t live without writ-ing.
B. Liang Shiqiu thought highly of him as a translator.
C. He was the only poet speaking many lan-guages.
D. Most of his proses were written by his left hand.
（ ）4. What’s the best title of this passage?
A. A Poem to Voice Homesickness
B. A Poet to Be Remembered
C. The Lifelong Writing Career
D. The Deep Love for Motherland
C（2018·遂昌模拟）
There is a saying, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” And when you eat Western food, do as the Westerners do. Here are some things you may wish to know about eating together in the West.
In the West, lunch is eaten later, always after midday, sometimes at one o’clock. Dinner is served around 7 p.m. or even later. In Spain it’s usual to eat lunch at 2 p.m. and dinner at 10 p.m.!
At the start of a meal the Chinese usually say “manman chi”. The French say “Bon appétit”， and the Italians say “Buon appetito”. But there’s no similar expression in English！“Enjoy your meal!” is usually only said by a waiter. For “ganbei”, you can say “Cheers!”
Chopsticks are only used when people eat Chinese food. Knives and forks are used for most food. The fork is held in your left hand and the knife in your right, and the food is held with the fork and cut with the knife. Americans often cut all their food to eat it. Soup is drunk with a spoon. However, there is some food which can be eaten with your fingers, such as chicken legs, seafood, bread and cake.
At the start of a meal,____________ , you’ll be invited to serve yourself（“Help yourself!”）, or your plate will be filled by your host（“Can I serve you?”）. If you’ve been given something you don’t like, it should be pushed to the edge of the plate and left. You don’t have to say why, but if you feel an explanation is required, just say, “I’m sorry. I can’t eat this.” No one will be cross. If you’re offered more food, but can’t eat any more, just say, “No, thanks. It was delicious, but I’ve had enough.”
Generally, fewer dishes are prepared than in China. It isn’t thought to be so important to offer too much food.
Finally, it’s something difficult to know when the meal is over. If you’ve been invited to dinner by Western friends, you’ll know that you’re expected to stay and talk around the dinner table long after the last dish has been brought to the table, and it’s thought quite rude if you leave as soon as you finish eating.
The golden rule is: Watch the other people. Do as they do.
（ ）1. What can we often use when we eat Western food?
A. Spoon and knife.
B. Fork and chopsticks.
C. Knife and fork.
D. Spoon and plate.
（ ）2. What does the underlined word “cross” mean in Paragraph 5?
A. Happy. B. Angry.
C. Excited. D. Bored.
（ ）3. Which of the following can be put in the blank?
A. if you’re the guest
B. if you’re the host
C. though you’re old
D. though you’re young
（ ）4. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Talking at the Start of a Meal
B. Table Manners in Western Countries
C. Food That Foreigners Eat
D. How to Live in Western Countries
参考答案
A篇：1—2. DC
3. D 【解析】文章最后一句说人们不仅喜欢这个有趣的故事，还喜欢它其中的圣诞精神。
4. D
B篇：1—3. CDA
4. B 【解析】本文最好的标题是《一位永远被人们记在心中的诗人》。
C篇：1—3. CBA
4. B 【解析】本文最好的标题是《西方国家的餐桌礼仪》。
