第37课 词汇运用
解题策略方法
总体来说，中考词汇类考题主要是把单词放在特定语境中（即句子或短文中），要求考生通过对语句的理解，结合所给单词提示（汉语提示、首字母提示或给出单词），写出正确的单词形式，从而使句子或短文的意思完整。
纵观近年来各地的中考英语试题，常见的词汇类考题题型主要有：“根据汉语提示，填写句中所缺单词”；“根据首字母提示，写出单词的正确形式”；“用所给单词的适当形式填空”；“用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空”；“用所给动词的适当形式填空”等。
一、解题思路点拨
1. 单词的填空和拼写不只是简单意义上的写单词，而应注意把它放入句子中加以理解、转化和运用，根据句子的需要填入其适当的形式。
2. 记单词要注意把单词的音、形、义相结合，不仅仅是词形，还要注意它的固定搭配和特殊用法，这样就能准确地记住并熟练地运用它。
3. 单词的拼写也是有规律可循的，记单词要有方法，不能机械地去记忆，首先要读准单词，根据单词的读音规则去记。如：开闭音节、字母组合发音的规则，这是记准单词的重要方法之一。
4. 英语和汉语一样都有一词多义的现象，记单词时一定要记清词义，记准词形，还要注意汉语意思的差别。如：
How long do you spend（花） reading English every day?
你每天花多少时间读英语？
二、词汇运用题中词的变化形式
1. 名词的变形有单数、复数、单数所有格和复数所有格。如：some watches一些手表；my mother’s book我妈妈的书；Teachers’ Day教师节。
2. 动词的形式有原形、不定式、现在分词、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词。如：
①Let’s go home.
让我们回家吧。
②He is writing now.
他正在写字。
③He enjoys watching TV.
他喜欢看电视。
④He finished his homework and went home.
他完成作业回家了。
⑤Have you heard from him?
你收到他的来信了吗？
⑥English is spoken all over the world.
英语在全世界被人们说。
3. 形容词和副词有三种形式，原形、比较级形式和最高级形式，还要注意形容词和副词之间的转化。如：
①She was even angrier.
她甚至更生气了。
②He said angrily, “Don’t do it again.”
他生气地说：“不要再这样做了。”
4. 数词基本的形式有基数词和序数词，还要注意once, twice的用法。如：
①Tom is the second tallest boy in my class.
汤姆是我班里第二高的男生。
②He has two brothers.
他有两个兄弟。
③He has been there twice.
他曾去过那儿两次。
5. 代词有五种形式，即主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词和反身代词。如：
①I’m in trouble, please help me.
我有麻烦，请帮帮我。
②This is not my book. Mine is over there.
这不是我的书。我的在那边。
③I bought a skirt for myself.
我给自己买了条裙子。
当堂检测
一、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。
A（2018·诸暨市滨江中学中考模拟）
success decide invite teach twelve
1. He has_________ in doing business online.
2. Although she asked me to go to her party, I didn’t want to receive the_________ .
3. This is the math teacher who_________ me when I was in primary school.
4. Teenagers want to make their own_________ .
5. Lucy lives on the_________ floor.
B（2018·绍兴市名校中考模拟）
four simple fair prefer unless
6. The_________ of the match is very important for sports players.
7. I won’t go to Jenny’s birthday party_________ Amy is invited too.
8. I bought the house_________ because it was large.
9. I_________ dancing to singing when I was young.
10. He has just begun his_________ year in college.
二、选词填空。（2017·湖州市吴兴区中考模拟）
选择方框内的单词完成下列句子，使句子通顺、正确，每词限用一次。
A. unfriendly B. spirit_________ C. stole D. fallen E. pronunciation F. especially
1. Generally speaking, American English is different from British English in_________ and spelling.
2. She had been very angry at the person who_________ her new bike.
3. Millions of wild flowers color the valleys,_________ in April and May.
4. Michelle has_________ asleep with her head against his shoulder.
5. She is a very brave girl and everyone who knows her admires her_________ .
6. It’s very_________ of him to act the way he did.
三、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，使对话通顺、正确，每词限用一次。（2018·余姚中考模拟）
much happy each what late
Nancy: Hey Bert, I think I’ve made Alice mad and I’m not sure what to do about it.
Bert: 1_________ happened?
Nancy: You know Julie is Alice’s best friend, right?
Bert: Uh-huh.
Nancy: Well, the more I get to know Julie, the 2_________ I realized that we have a lot in common. So we’ve been spending more time together 3_________.
Bert: But what’s wrong with that?
Nancy: Umm...it makes Alice 4_________ because she thinks Julie is now better friends with me than with her.
Bert: I see. Mmm...why don’t you ask Alice to join you
5_________ time you do something with Julie? Then she won’t feel left out.
Nancy: Oh, good idea!That can make our friendship stronger.
四、根据短文内容和所给汉语提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
It’s already midnight, but 16-year-old Xiao Lin from Wuhan is still 1_________（醒着）. Sitting in front of a computer, he has been playing online games for hours.
Xiao Lin is not alone. Statistics from China Internet Network Information Center show that by the end of 2_________（十二月）, 2016, the number of Internet users in China below the age of 19 was about 170 million. Many of them, like Xiao Lin, 3_________（花费） too much time on online games, which is bad for their health and studies.
To 4_________（处理） with this social problem, the Chinese government worked out a draft regulation（法规草案） in January. Under the regulation, minors（未成年人） will not be able to play online games 5_________（在……之间） midnight and 8 a.m. every day. Online gaming companies will limit young people’s playing time. This is also 6_________（叫做） “Online game curfew”.
Many people agreed that the regulation could 7 （更好） protect Chinese young people online. But others doubted 8_________（是否） it would successfully stop young people from playing games during the time.
“This regulation is only the first step,” Tong Xiaojun said to CCTV. “We need help from the whole 9 （社会）. And there is still a long way to go in 10_________（提供） the young people a safe and healthy online environment.”
参考答案
当堂检测
一、1. succeeded 2. invitation 3. taught 4. decisions
5. twelfth 6. fairness 7. unless 8. simply
9. preferred 10. fourth
二、1—5. ECFDB 6. A
三、1. What 2. more 3. lately 4. unhappy
5. each
四、1. awake 2. December 3. spend 4. deal
5. between 6. called/named 7. better 8. if/whether
9. society 10. offering
课后练习37 词汇运用
A（2018·新昌）
一、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次
cancel except something badly leaf
1. Lazy Tom did very____________ in this math test.
2. The girl is interested in collecting beautiful fallen____________.
3. The meeting will be____________ if most of the people can’t come.
4. All the fishermen have come back____________ Carl and Kevin.
5. We shouldn’t give up____________ we have decided to do.
二、根据短文内容和所给汉语提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词
Have you ever seen any unusual bicycles? Some creative people have invented some special ones. Let’s see three of them.
Bambikes
Bambikes are produced in a company in Philippines. They are made of a 6____________（当地的） bamboo and other materials. They’re very strong. By making bambikes, the company can 7____________（提供） some jobs. And it also gives away money to over 8____________（五十） students in its community to pay for their study every year. People feel 9____________（感激的） and they plant more bamboos near their village.
The Heaviest Bicycle
A German cycling lover, Frank Dose, has made the 10____________（世界的） heaviest bicycle with big old wheels and lots of other waste materials. The bicycle weighed 108 tons!He 11____________（创造） it just because of a bet（打赌） he made with his friend. Frank told the public that his bicycle was surprisingly easy to ride although it was the biggest in size.
Twisted（变形的） Bicycles
Two brothers in 12____________（法国） made a bike that looks strange to ride and twists in the middle. The brothers say the bicycle is hard to ride so it can stop people from 13____________（偷窃） it. Riders can make tight turns. In fact, it isn’t as hard to control as you may think. If you spend a day or two practicing riding it, you can use this ugly bicycle 14____________（容易地）. It’s really amazing. There have been thirty of the bicycles so far, but 15____________（顾客） will have to wait because they are not for sale yet.
B（2018·宁波市鄞州区九校联考模拟）
一、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次
healthy save own read excuse
Mom: Turn off the lights, Jack!It 1____________ electri-city.
Jack: Sorry, Mom. I usually do that. I was just in a hurry.
Mom: My dear, that’s your 2____________ again. You often forget it.
Jack: I see, Mom. I surely will do it. Yesterday I 3____________ an article about how we can protect the environment.
Mom: That’s good!What else does it say?
Jack: For example, you should turn off the shower when you’re washing your hair. And you should take your 4____________ bags when you go shopping.
Mom: Yes, dear!That’s easy, let’s do that from now on. What else?
Jack: People should stop driving cars and start riding bikes.
Mom: Yeah, it’s really good for the environment!And riding bicycles also helps us keep in good
5____________.
Jack: That’s true, Mom. I like riding my bike as well. Shall I go to school by bike next week?
Mom: OK!
二、根据所给汉语提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词
6. Building blocks（积木） are still one of the most popular traditional____________ （玩具） today.
7. A house with a big garden full of roses is （确切地） what I want.
8. The sun____________ （提供） us with light and heat. We can’t live without it.
9. The scarves in this store are____________ （便宜的） than those in the supermarket.
10. We haven’t told anyone about the secret____________（除了……以外） our English teacher.
11. To protect the elephants, we mustn’t buy the things____________（制作） of ivory.
12. Young children are taught road safety to （避免） road accidents.
13. It has been the____________ （第十二） day since we climbed the Great Wall.
14. Tu’s finding of artemisinin（青蒿素） has saved millions of____________ （生命） during the last forty years.
15. Do you have anything____________ （贵重的） in your schoolbag?
C
一、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次（2018·绍兴市柯桥区模拟）
finish either win her complete
1. Mr. Green has____________ the novel since last week.
2. Grace told mum that she really wants a room all to ____________.
3. I knew the girl in red, but I____________ forgot her name.
4. Jack plans to buy____________ a camera or a TV with the money.
5. When the____________ returned home, they were warmly welcomed.
二、根据短文内容和所给汉语提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词（2018·湖州市南浔区模拟）
Time spent in a bookshop can be the most enjoy-able. You may even have been to the shop just to find a 6____________（公众的） place to stay away from lone-liness.
It’s very easy for you to pick up a book with a beautiful cover, although it’s not a good way to 7____________（选择） a book. Sometimes you might be 8____________（感兴趣的） in some books, then you 9____________（意识到） that you have spent much more time in the bookshop so that you have been late for a meeting.
I think this chance to be away from 10____________（日常的） life is the main attraction（吸引力） of a bookshop. In a nice bookshop, you may 11____________（更喜欢） that shopkeepers should remain in the back-ground 12____________（直到） you have finished reading. Of course, you may want to find out where the book is, and after they lead you there 13____________（礼貌地）, the shopkeepers should leave you alone at once.
It is also very easy to 14____________（进去） the shop looking for a book on 15____________（科学） and to come out carrying the latest best-selling novels. So you have to be careful not to be attracted by the books that you don’t need in a bookshop.
D（2018·临海模拟）
一、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次
she twelve die unless proud
1. December is the____________ month of a year.
2. We often see Mary use the bag. It must be .
3. It’s impossible to make such great progress you keep on working hard.
4. Our teachers and parents will be____________ of us because we have grown up.
5. Although Hawking left us on March 14th, 2018, his works will live on after his____________ .
二、根据短文内容和所给汉语提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词
One sunny Monday, I decided to go for a walk with my husband. I was 6____________（戴） a special diamond（钻石） ring that day.
While we were walking in the 7____________（公园）, I looked down at my hand and found the diamond on my ring was missing. I was really worried, so I went back to look for it. I knew how small the 8____________（机会） of finding it were, but I still wanted to give it a try.
As I was fixing my eyes on the ground, I ran into an old gentleman by accident.
“What’s the matter, love?” he asked 9____________（礼貌地）.
“Sorry that I ran into you,” I said. “But I lost something. I’m really worried.”
I 10____________（解释） about the missing diamond and showed him the hole in my ring.
“That’s not going to be 11____________（容易的） to find it,” he said. “Tell you what, love, I take a walk here every day. I’ll keep my eyes open for it.”
I thanked him, expecting nothing. A few days 12____________（以后）, my husband and I met the old man again.
“Guess what,” he said, “I found your diamond!”
I couldn’t believe it. Then my husband offered him money for his help, but he refused. The old man could have kept the diamond or sold it, as it’s worth several 13____________（千） dollars, but he didn’t.
All I have to do is to look at my ring and remind 14____________（我自己） that there are still kind and generous souls（心灵） out there. Now thanks to this man, I’ll 15____________（花费） more time trying to do something equally nice for other people.
E（2018·杭州市下城区模拟）
一、根据下列句子及所给单词的首字母，写出各单词的完全形式，每空限填一词
1. We need f____________ students to play this game, seven girls and seven boys.
2. It was terribly cold and we sat around the fire to keep o____________ warm.
3. Which country has the l____________ population, China, India or Russia?
4. The persons that you invite to your house are called g____________.
5. My brother likes sleeping with the window open u____________ it’s really cold.
6. The science teacher told us that water b at the temperature of 100℃.
7. What a surprise!The s____________ of this match was 5—0 with five minutes left.
8. In the traffic accident, one man was k____________ and another was badly injured.
9. Luke, you have kept my storybook for two weeks. Would you mind r____________ it to me right now?
10. Rick hasn’t changed at all. He looks e____________ the same as he did at school before.
参考答案
A
一、1. badly 2. leaves 3. cancelled 4. except
5. anything
二、6. local 7. offer/provide 8. fifty 9. thankful/grateful
10. world’s 11. created 12. France 13. stealing
14. easily 15. customers
B
一、1. saves 2. excuse 3. read 4. own
5. health
二、6. toys 7. exactly 8. provides 9. cheaper
10. except 11. made 12. avoid 13. twelfth/12th
14. lives 15. valuable
C
一、1. finished 2. herself 3. completely 4. either
5. winners
二、6. public 7. choose 8. interested 9. realize
10. everyday/daily 11. prefer 12. until 13. politely
14. enter 15. science
D
一、1. twelfth 2. hers 3. unless 4. proud
5. death
二、6. wearing 7. park 8. chances 9. politely
explained 11. easy 12. later 13. thousand
14. myself 15. spend
E
一、1. fourteen 2. ourselves 3. largest 4. guests
unless 6. boils 7. score 8. killed
9. returning 10. exactly
