第39课 任务型阅读
解题策略方法
任务型阅读理解是各地中考试卷中大量出现的新题型。任务型阅读理解题的出现与我国实施新课程、进行新课程改革的大环境直接有关，也与我国外语界最火热的任务型英语教学趋势相吻合。
一、任务型阅读理解题解读
任务型阅读理解测试的主要体裁为应用文——广告，主要考查考生在有限的时间内根据不同人的不同需要捕捉相应的有效信息的能力。任务型阅读理解题所选文章题材真实可靠，内容贴近现代社会生活，涉及学生生活，富有时代气息，语言原汁原味。
该题型主要考查考生是否能够有效地运用语言“做事”的能力，体现了语言能力、智力和社会经验等方面能力的有机结合。从某种意义上来说，这一题型的阅读理解实际上就是一道高水平的智能检测题——综合检测考生的阅读、理解、分析、判断、跨文化交际知识以及心理感悟能力等。如果考生心理承受力比较弱，或者应试时头脑一时不那么开窍，恐怕很快就会感觉犹如“雾里看花”、似它而非它了，而且，考生对某一题的错误判断会影响其对其他题目做出正确的分析和判断，产生蔓延作用。
二、各种类型的任务型阅读的答题技巧
1. 回答问题的任务型阅读理解题的答题技巧
这类题型要求我们根据短文、表格、图片或图文结合的材料回答命题者设定的问题。其答题技巧为：
（1）仔细阅读短文后所提出的问题，带着问题通读全文，把握文章主旨，找出与问题有关的句子、句子的关键词、短语等。
（2）在此基础上再结合上下文进行分析判断、逻辑推理、归纳提炼，得出问题答案所需要的内容。
（3）表达句子时内容要简洁明了、语法正确、语句通顺、书写规范，通常用一个完整的句子作答，有时根据具体情境也可用其简略形式作答。
2. 阅读短文填单词完成表格题的答题技巧
此类题型要求对文中的有效信息进行筛选、整合和综合概括，而后准确、有序地完成表格的空缺。有的在文章中可直接找到答案，一般为原词；有的要对文章的原句进行加工，根据句型结构变化和语法要求提炼出新词；还有的需要概括出文章的标题、段落大意、文章目的、结论等，要求较高。此类题的答题技巧：
（1）看清题目及要求，做到有的放矢，心中有数。
（2）注意表格前的小标题，它通常是段落和表格的主题句，有助于理解文章。
（3）理解表格设计，表格一般包括列标题和行标题，通过阅读这些标题和表格里的内容，可迅速了解表格的结构和表格的设计原理。同时也可缩小信息范围，确定考查内容。
（4）根据已填的内容来推断所填之词的形式，是单词或词组。
（5）填写答案时注意工整对称性，要注意与已填部分的形式保持一致。比如：是-ing都用-ing，是名词都用名词。同时要注意时态、语态、句式等，避免出现错误。
（6）全部填完后，把文章看一遍，检查所填之词是否符合文章内容，拼写是否正确。
3. 排序成文的任务型阅读理解题的答题技巧
这种题型通常有两种考查形式：一是给出几句或几段杂乱无序的阅读材料，要求按顺序重新排列成一篇语意通顺、结构完整的材料；另一种是从一篇完整的文章中抽出几个句子，要求考生把它们重新放入文中，使文章恢复原貌。做这类题时，我们要从文章的整体出发，借助于某些关键词或短语，在正确把握文章主旨的基础上根据上下文的关系来判断，因此把握好句子之间的逻辑关系是做好此题型的关键所在。
4. “一一对应”关系的任务型阅读理解题的答题技巧
（1）快读以了解短文大意，明确题目要求。考生通过快速浏览文章首句、尾句和关键词语，来了解文段的大意并明确试题的具体要求，了解广告或海报的话题或主题，保证答题时不会出现离题现象，否则一错就很可能会错两到三题，严重影响答题的效果。
（2）寻读时要依照题项信息，寻找匹配信息。考生首先要读懂题项，抓住关键信息，然后再带着所获关键信息，有针对性地寻找所需要的相关匹配信息，对号入座，而不必句句都读。
（3）考生还得注意：每读一段话，做一道题，每确定一题的答案后，将该选项从列表中划去，以免在之后的选择中干扰视线，同时也将相应的短文划去，减少之后的阅读段落。
当堂检测
A（2018·绍兴名校联谊中考模拟）
阅读下面短文，从方框中所给的A—D四个选项中选择正确的答案，并将其序号填入第1—4小题，使短文意思连贯，然后回答第5小题。
As the saying goes, “A thousand-mile journey begins with a single step.” Tang Renli, a student at Nanjing University of Technology, has been to more than 200 cities in China during his four years in college.
To share his experiences, Tang held a photo show Play Hooky, Go Travel at the Beijing 798 Art Zone. 1_________. “It’s not only a memory of my trips but also a graduation gift to myself,” Tang said.
You may wonder how Tang could find the time.“2_________ . But I always complete my study first,” he said. Tang, who is city planning major, has never failed a compulsory（必修的） course at college. “I spend more time and effort on my study, especially during the final’s weeks,” Tang said. “But I was excited when thinking of traveling afterwards.”
3_________ . His travel budget（预算） was limited, so Tang had to take the cheapest form of transport and sometimes slept in train stations. “Sometimes I felt lonely, helpless and even found myself in trouble,” Tang said. “But now when I look back, these problems make my journey and life different, since they have all been solved in the end.”
4_________ . Tang said, “Don’t think too much about the uncertainties, because you’ll cross that bridge when you get to it.”
A. Schoolwork was not the only difficulty Tang had to face B. I gave myself one to two weeks every month for travel C. He shared over 300 photos of his tours D. Thanks to the hard times, Tang now has more stories to tell
5. What do you think of Tang Renli? （不多于3个单词）
_____________________________________________
B（2017·杭州市下城区中考模拟）
根据短文内容，请从A—F选项中选出五个句子填入文中空缺处（第1—5小题），使短文内容完整正确。选项中有一项是多余选项。
A. We joke around and talk about different things. B. That is why you are teaching them. C. It is really important to learn a second language. D. Sometimes they get stressed when they find the lesson too hard or boring. E. Be generous with your words of praise and encouragement. F. It’s a good gift to have the opportunity to teach.
While waiting for my nursing board exam results, I wanted to get a job as an ESL （English as a Second Language） teacher for Korean students. They came to the US while they were in their winter vacation from the university to study English. I am new to teaching, but I have found out very important tips about teaching them.
◆Be very patient. Of course, they don’t know a lot of things. 1_________ Don’t lose your temper（脾气）. If they don’t understand a lesson, just repeat to them or try a different way.
◆Prepare games and ice-breakers. 2_________ Games and ice-breakers can cheer them a little bit.
◆Praise and encourage them. 3_________ It will cheer them up.
◆Have fun!I treat my students as my friends, too.
4_________ They tell me that they look forward to attending my class every day.
Now, my students are on their way back to Korea. I never thought that I would love teaching. But I do. And I have got a lot from it. 5_________ It’s an experience I’ll never forget.
参考答案
当堂检测
A：1—4. CBAD
5. Brave and hard-working.
B：1—5. BDEAF
课后练习39 任务型阅读
A（2018·诸暨模拟）
阅读下面文章，然后从方框中所给的A—D四个选项中选择正确的小标题，将其序号填入第1—4小题，并回答第5小题。
Money makes the world go around, yet the best thing in life is free. A penny saved is a penny earned（赚）, but you get what you pay for. You probably have your own ideas about spending money. Now is a great time to learn how to spend money wisely.
When you are considering buying something you want, run through this checklist first.
* How much do you really want it?
Seeing a $25（172 yuan） gum ball（口香糖球） machine, Ben wanted it. But after thinking about it, he felt it would interest him only for a day or two. “Besides, it’s not possible for me to chew（咀嚼） that much gum,” he said wisely.
* 1____________
If the thing passes the “really-wanting-it” test, try to wait for some time to see how strong the desire（欲望） is. This strategy works for grown-ups, too!
* 2____________
After the first two steps, Ben found he really wanted a toy pirate ship（海盗船）, but it cost $50. He had $22 in his pocket and gets $1.50 a week to spend. His mother helped him work out how many weeks he would need to save to get the ship: 19.
* 3____________
Ben agreed to wash the downstairs windows at a dollar each. So he got $10—and sparkling（闪亮的） sunlight for the rest of the family.
* 4____________
After deciding to buy it, it is necessary for you to look for less expensive ways to buy it: search for what you want on the Internet or in shops and flea markets（跳蚤市场）. Sometimes you can find the same thing at a much lower price.
If these suggestions work well, they can save you a lot of money. You will be a really smart shopper.
5. According to the passage, what kind of person is Ben? （回答不多于5个单词）
____________________________________
A. How much will you pay for it? B. Can you get it cheaper? C. Do you still want it a week later? D. Are there ways to earn money?
B（2018·杭州市西湖区模拟）
下面文章有五处（第1—5题）需要添加小标题，请从以下选项（A、B、C、D、E和F）中选出符合各段意思的小标题。选项中有一项是多余选项。
The Story of the Magazine
1____________
When you look at the different kinds of colorful magazines in the shops（and online） today, it’s easy to think that they are a modern idea. However, magazines have been around since the 18th century and they have been an important part of people’s daily lives for hundreds of years.
2____________
One of the earliest magazines was The Gentleman’s Magazine which was started in London in 1731 by a man called Edward Cave. He was the first person to use the word “magazine” about a regular publication. The word comes from the Arabic makhzan or storehouse. His idea was that his magazine was a storehouse, or place that you could keep information about many different things.
3____________
Magazines became more popular in the 19th century. They gave people tips to help them with their daily lives, and they often had serialized（系列的） stories which gave the readers a new episode every week. Each part finished at a very exciting point in the story. Famous writers such as Charles Dickens and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle created serialized novels for magazines.
4____________
One very important serialized novel was Hard Times by Dickens. It came out in 20 weekly parts between 1 April and 12 August, 1854 in the magazine Household Words. This magazine was very good value and it was a cheap way for readers to buy a version of a novel.
5____________
Soap operas on TV today are often similar to the serialized novels. These old stories have often been made into modern films or TV series and they are still popular with modern audiences because they are so exciting.
A. Weekly stories by important writers. B. Magazines are not a new thing. C. The earliest magazine for women. D. Why these magazines are still popular today. E. How people could read expensive novels. F. An early example of a magazine.
C（2018·台州中考）
假如你是Greenhill School的交换生，你参与了该校的一个科学实验。请根据以下实验过程补全英文实验报告。
Hello, everybody. Here is our report on the expe-riment “1____________ ”. First, we put the glass tray full of warm water on top of two cups with 200ml of 2____________ water and cold water. Then, we add red and blue liquid food coloring into the water above the hot and cold cups at the same time.
After careful observations, we got the 3____________. The blue food liquid coloring moves downward first and then to the hot side while the 4____________ one spreads quickly and covers whole top in a short time and goes down; the blue liquid food coloring spreads more 5____________ than the red one. Thank you for listening.
D（2018·金华市金东区模拟）
A study shows that one million lives might be saved each year if people wash their hands with soap often. It also says that hand-washing with soap could be among the best ways to reduce diseases. Doctors say many diseases can be prevented from spreading by hand-washing, including the common cold, influenza（流感）, hepatitis（肝炎）, infectious diarrhea（腹泻） and so on.
Doctors say you are easy to catch a cold by touching your nose or eyes after someone nearby has sneezed or coughed. Another reason to catch a disease is to eat food prepared by someone whose hands are not clean.
They also say that hand-washing is especially important before and after preparing food, before eating and after using the toilet, after touching the money and sneezing or coughing.
The most helpful way is to wash them together while using soap and warm water. You don’t have to use special soap. Be sure to wash all areas of the hands for about 10 to 15 seconds.
Basic Knowledge of Hand-washing
Diseases are under control Many diseases can 1____________ by hand-washing.
The 2 of becoming sick *Touch your nose or eyes after some-one nearby has sneezed or coughed. *Eat food prepared by 3 nds.
When to do hand-washing *Before and after preparing food. *Before eating and after 4____________ *After touching the money and sneezing or coughing.
5 to do hand-washing *Wash hands together with soap and warm water. *Wash all areas of the hands for about 10-15 seconds.
E（2018·余姚模拟）
阅读下面短文，并选择方框内的A、B、C、D、E五个句子分别填入相应空格处。
A. find something that makes you feel alive. B. You should be getting at least 7 hours of sleep a night, C. It has been shown that being outdoors helps reduce feelings of sadness. D. or even holding the door open for the person behind you. E. Use your time wisely and plan your day.
SIMPLE WAYS TO HAPPINESS
Have you been feeling like true happiness is impossible to obtain? Whatever difficult you are facing at this very moment will surely pass. Happiness is right before our eyes. Here are simple ways to seek out happiness in your everyday lives.
GET OUTSIDE
1____________ Sit for a while and pay close attention to your surroundings; I’m sure you’ll soon be reminded of the beauty of life.
FIND YOUR INTERESTS
Whether it’s writing, drawing, playing sports, or learning to play an instruments，2____________
WAKE UP EARLY
3____________The earlier you wake up, the more you get done.
GET A GOOD NIGHT REST
This is truly necessary to your health. 4 if not more. If you find yourself sleeping less, make an effort to turn off all electronics an hour before bed, so you have some time to relax.
MAKE IT A GOAL TO MAKE SOMEONE
SMILE EVERY DAY
It doesn’t have to be something very expensive. It truly is the little things that mean the most in life—such as smiling at a passerby, complimenting someone on her clothes, 5____________
参考答案
A：1—4. CADB
5. He is wise.
B：1—5. BFAED
C：1. Water in Motion
hot
results
red
5. slowly
D：1. be prevented
reasons
dirty
using the toilet
5. How
