课件18张PPT。第二章 词 类第二节 冠 词 知识梳理一、冠词的概念
冠词是一种虚词,本身没有词义,也不能单独使用,要用在名词或形容词的前面。
二、冠词的分类三、冠词的用法
1. 不定冠词的用法
(1)与数词one同源,表示“一个”,泛指某人或某物,但语气不如one 强烈。
如:There is a lamp on the desk.
(2)代表一类人或物。
如:A driver is the one who drives.
An elephant is the biggest animal on the land. (3)不定冠词a和an的选用
①大部分单数可数名词前用a。如:a bag, a computer
②以元音字母a,e,i,o开头的单数可数名词,通常在其前面用an。
如:an apple, an egg, an ice-cream, an orange
③以元音字母u 开头的单词,有两种情况:
a. 当该字母的发音是元音/ /时,前面用an。如:an umbrella, an uncle
b. 当该字母的发音是辅音/ju /时,前面用a。如:a university student, a unit
④有的单词不是以元音字母开头,但是其第一个音素是元音音素的,也要用an。
如:an hour, an FM radio
【注】判断一个单词是否以元音开头,要根据单词音标的第一个因素。
2. 定冠词的用法
定冠词the在句中或是文中可理解为“this”或“that”, 在复数句子中理解为 “these” 或“those”。有“这(那)个(些)”的意思,但语气较弱,要和名词连用来表示某个或某些特定的人或物。
(1)特指双方都明白的人或物。如:Look at the picture on the wall.
(2)指上文已提到过的人或物。如:There is a boy at table. The boy's name is Mike.
(3)指世上独一无二的事物。如:the sun, the moon, the earth, the sky
(4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物。如:the dollar, the fox (5)与复数名词连用,指整个群体。
如:They are the students of Class One. 他们是一班的学生。(指全体学生)
They are students of Class One. 他们是一班的学生。(指部分学生)
(6)与形容词连用,表示一类人。如:the rich, the poor
(7)用在序数词或形容词最高级前。
如:on the second floor,the 12th birthday party,the tallest boy,the shortest player
(8)用在某些由普通名词构成的组织、机构等专有名词前。
如:the People's Republic of China, the United States of America (9)用在表示乐器的名词之前。如:play the piano, play the violin, play the pipa
(10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人。如:the Greens, the Wangs
(11)用在惯用语中。如:in the day, in the morning, the day after tomorrow
3. 零冠词的用法
(1)国名、人名前通常不用定冠词。
如:China is a great country.
Bingo is his name.
(2)在季节、月份、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不用冠词。
如:Spring is the first season of the year.
Sunday is the first day of the week. (3)在三餐之前,不用冠词。如:have breakfast, have lunch, have dinner / supper
(4)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不用冠词。如:Failure is the mother of success.
(5)在球类名词之前,不用冠词。如:play basketball, play football, play badminton
(6)在学科、语言名词之前, 不用冠词。如: have Chinese class, speak English
(7)当by与交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,名词之前不用冠词。如:by bus, by train
(8)当名词前面有this, that, my, his, every, some,名词所有格等修饰词时,不用冠词。
如:This is my schoolbag.
Amy's doll is pink. (9)有些个体名词,如:school, hospital等,当它们直接置于介词后时,表示该名词的深层含义;若名词前加定冠词the,则表示一般含义。如: 考点精析考点 考查冠词的用法
【例1】用a,an, the 或 / 填空。
1. She has apple and pear.
2. I can speak Chinese and
English well.
3. Mike can play guitar and play
football.
4. After I had quick breakfast, I hurried
to school. 解析:此类题考查冠词在句子中的使用。要注意掌握定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词的不同用法。
第1小题关键看apple 和pear 两个单词的第一个字母的发音是元音还是辅音;第2小题语言名词前用零冠词;第3小题乐器名词前用定冠词,球类名词前用零冠词;第4小题注意三餐名称前若有形容词,则可在形容词前加不定冠词 a。
答案:1. an;a 2. /;/ 3. the;/ 4. a 举一反三
1. 用 a 或 an 填空。
(1) eye (2) ear
(3) mouth (4) old man
(5) honest boy (6) useful book
2. 用正确的冠词填空。
(1)We study 8 hours day.
(2)He is tallest student in our class.
(3)I had breakfast at 7:00 this morning.
(4)I often have big dinner on my birthday. anaanananaathea/【例2】单项填空。
( )Mr Black will go to Beijing .
A. by air B. by a plane C. take a plane
解析:本题考查冠词的使用和短语的固定搭配。by 与交通工具连用时,用零冠词,B选项本身有错,不可选;take a plane 本身没有错,但是动词短语用在句子此处不合适。by air 与by plane, by airplane, by aeroplane 同义,均意为“乘飞机”。
答案:A 举一反三
3. 在下列句子中的横线处填上适当的冠词或/。
(1) Let‘s go out for walk.
(2) Did you have big dinner last night?
(3) Washington is capital of USA.
4. 单项填空。
( ) woman over there is popular
teacher in our school.
A. A; the B. The; a C. The; the theaaB过关检测一、用不定冠词a或an 填空。
1. _____ egg 2. _____ boy
3. _____ student 4. _____ umbrella
5. _____ university 6. _____ hour
7. _____ old house 8. _____ young man
9. _____ English book
二、用a,an,the或 / 填空,补全句子。
1. I have _____English book. _____ book is very interesting.
2. That is _____ orange. It’s _____ big orange. anaaanaananananTheanaa 3. Today is _____ Sunday. It’s _____ first day of a week.
4. _____ sun is much bigger than _____ moon.
5. Beijing is the capital(首都) of _____ China.
6. The sun comes out in _____ morning and sets down in _____ evening.
7. What _____ interesting film it is!I like _____ film very much.
8. Let’s go for _____ walk, shall we?
9. Which is _____ biggest, _____ sun, _____ moon, or _____ earth?
10. I have two dogs. _____ black one is young and _____ yellow one is old./theThethe/thetheanathethethetheThethethe三、单项填空。
( )1. Chen Jie is Chinese girl.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )2. Mike is from America.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )3. This is useful book.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )4. He is artist.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )5. This is my pet dog.
A. a B. an C. the D. / ADABD ( )6. Ann likes playing piano very much.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )7. Mrs Black often goes to school to see her son John.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( )8. This is map of world.
A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a
( ) 9. Our classroom is on second floor. Let’s go to classroom.
A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a
( )10. Tokyo is capital of Japan.
A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; / CCCBD