小升初英语总复习第二章词类第四节代词 课件 36张PPT

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名称 小升初英语总复习第二章词类第四节代词 课件 36张PPT
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课件36张PPT。第二章 词 类第四节 代 词 知识梳理一、代词的分类
  代词是用来代替名词的一种词类,大多数代词具有名词或形容词的功能。英语中的代词通常分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、相互代词、关系代词、连接代词九类。对于前六类代词,小学生应较好地掌握。   二、人称代词
  1. 人称代词的构成 2. 人称代词的用法
 (1)人称代词的主格:在句子中作主语,也就是该句所描述的状态的呈现者或动作的执行者。在陈述句中,它位于句子的最前面。
  如:I am in the classroom.
She plays the violin very well.
They worked in the factory last year.
 (2)人称代词it:在英语中,it有许多不同的用法,其中一种用法是用作代词,指代前面已经提到过的人、事或物。
如: —Where’s your car? 
—It’s in the garage(车库).
—Who is that? —It’s me.
—What’s the weather like in winter in Beijing?
—It’s snowy and cold. (3)人称代词的宾格:在句子中作宾语,位于动词或介词之后,是动作的承受者。
  如:Mr Li teaches us English.
The fish in the fridge is for me.
  (4)人称代词并列出现的排列顺序:当几个人称代词并列出现的时候,其排列顺序与中文的不同。
  ①单数人称代词并列作主语或宾语时,其顺序为:第二人称、第三人称、第一人称。
  如:You and I can come into the hall now.
My brother and I are going to the cinema this evening.
You and Amy were there at that time.
You, Mike and I rowed a boat on the lake last summer.
The cake is for you and me. ②复数人称代词并列作主语或宾语时,其顺序为:第一人称、第二人称、第三人称。
  如:We and you are going to plant trees in the nature park.
You and they climbed the highest mountain two years ago. 三、物主代词
  1. 物主代词的构成 2. 物主代词的用法
  (1)形容词性物主代词放在名词之前,用来修饰名词,这一点与形容词有相似之处,都不能单独使用。
  如:This is my room.
His cousin is in America now.
  (2)名词性物主代词可以像名词一样单独使用,其作用相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。
  如:This room is mine.(mine=my room)
His hobby is playing computer games. It’s the same as hers. (hers=her hobby)四、反身代词
  1. 反身代词的构成 【注】反身代词的构成说明: 第一、二人称的单数形式在形容词性物主代词之后加self, 复数形式在形容词性物主代词后加selves;第三人称在宾格代词后加self(单数形式)或selves(复数形式)。 2. 反身代词的用法
  (1)反身代词常用来加强语气。
  如:The king went to see the girl himself.
I can do it by myself.
  (2)反身代词也可以用在动词之后。
  如: David teaches himself Chinese.
She will be herself again in no time. 五、指示代词
  1. 指示代词的概念
  指示代词表示“这个”“那个”“这些”“那些”等含义。指示代词有this/that/these/those等。this和that用于指代名词单数形式;these 和those 用于指代名词复数形式。 this 和these用于指代空间上较近的事物;that 和 those 用于指代空间上较远的事物。
  如:This is my book. That book over there is yours.
These are dogs. Those in the tree are cats. 2. 指示代词的用法
  (1)指示代词兼具形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的特点,既可以单独使用,也可以在后面加名词。 
  如:This is his computer. =This computer is his.
Those peaches are fresh. =Those are fresh peaches.
  (2)指示代词在句子中可以都用the 代替。
  如:I like this new picture. =I like the new picture.六、不定代词
  1. 不定代词的概念
  不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词,叫作不定代词。不定代词可以分为:
  (1)普通不定代词:some(一些),any(任何),
no(没有),every(每个) ,each(每个)等。
  (2)数量不定代词:many(许多),much(许多),
both (两者都), all (全都), little(很少),
a little(一点儿),few(很少),a few(少数几个)等。 2. 不定代词的用法
  (1) some, any 和 no 的用法辨析
  some 和 any 都有 “一些”的意思, some 用于肯定句中,any 用于否定句中, no 用于肯定句中表达否定的意思。
  如:There are some girls in the room.
There aren’t any pandas in the mountain.
There is no water in the bottle.
  【注】在一些表示建议、请求的疑问句中,用some 而不用 any。
  如:Would you like some coffee?
Can I have some more rice? (2)every和each的用法辨析
  ①every 和 each 都有“每个”的意思,谓语动词均用单数形式。every 强调整体之中的每一个;each 强调个体概念。
  如:Every student in the class gets a new book.
Each kid likes playing computer games.
  ②every表示“(三者以上中的)每一个”; each 可以表示“(两者中的)每一个”。
  如:I read English every day.
There are green trees on each side of the river.
  (3)many和much的用法辨析
  many和much都有“大量;许多”的意思。many只能修饰可数名词复数形式,much只能修饰不可数名词。
  如:There are many people in the room.
Much of the time was wasted. (4)both和all的用法辨析
  both表示“(两者)都”;all表示“(三者或三者以上)都”。
  如:My parents are both teachers.
All the students in Class One like English very much.
  (5)few,a few,little,a little 的用法辨析
  ①a few 和a little是一对用作表示数量的不定代词的固定词组,其意义是肯定的。a few修饰复数可数名词,a little修饰不可数名词。
  如:I have a few friends here.
There is still a little water in the bottle.
  ②few和little具有否定的意义,意为“几乎没有”。few修饰复数可数名词,little修饰不可数名词。
  如:He has few friends and lives alone.
There is little water in the bottle. Let’s go and
get some. (6)other, the other, others the others, another 的用法辨析
  ①other表示“另一个”,其后可接名词单数形式,也可接名词复数形式。
  如:Put the candy in your other hand.
Do you have any other questions?
  ②表示“两者中的一个”用one;表示“另一个”则用the other。
  如:I have two sisters. One is Sarah, the other one is Susan.
  ③表示不限定范围内的“其他的”用 others。
  如:Some go there by car. Others go on foot.
Some say yes, and others say no.
  ④“很多中的一个”用one;表示“剩下的所有”用the others。
  如:Jack is cleverer than the others in his class. 【注】the others = the other+名词复数形式。
  如:Jack is cleverer than the other students in his class.
  ⑤another指“另外一个”,强调在剩下的所有里面再拿一个,表示单数概念。
  如:I don’t like this hat. Please show me another one.
七、疑问代词
  疑问代词引导的疑问句为特殊疑问句,疑问代词一般放在疑问句的句首。疑问代词有:who(谁,主格),whom(谁,宾格),whose(谁的),what(什么),which(哪个)等。
  (疑问代词部分的讲解将在后面的疑问句章节中作详细讲解,故在此章节中省略)考点精析考点1 考查代词的词形转换
【例1】按要求写单词。
  1. my(名词性物主代词)         
2. their(宾格形式)      
  解析:此类题考查对各类代词词形的记忆和转换。
答案:1. mine 2. them举一反三
1. 词形转换。
(1)she (名词性物主代词)    
(2)she (复数形式)   
(3)we (单数形式)   
(4)this (对应词)   
2. 英汉互译。
(1)他的书包  
(2)我的一个朋友  
(3)look at him   
(4)its name   它的名字  herstheyIthathis bagone of my friend/a friend of mine看着他考点2 考查代词的运用
【例2】 根据中文提示填空。
  Help        (我)with my English.
  解析:此题考查对人称代词的主格与宾格的运用。Help 是动词,在动词之后要用代词的宾格。
  答案:me【例3】单项填空。
(  )1. This is     crayon,     is over there.
A. my; your   B. mine; yours 
C. my; yours
(  )2. There are 30 students in this class.    
student has a computer.
A. Each B. One C. Every
(  )3. Most people think     are the winners.
A. ours B. us C. we 解析:第1小题考查形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的运用。第一空后有名词crayon, 应该用形容词性物主代词;第二空之后直接是be动词 is,应该用名词性物主代词。第2小题考查学生对不定代词的掌握情况。 30 students 是大于2的,在这个集体中的每一个,用的代词应该是every。第3小题还是考查学生对代词的运用。 在分析此题的时候,学生容易受到think是动词的影响而选择us,事实上,在此题中most people think 是一个主句,后面的句子是从句,因此选择主格代词作主语。
  答案:1. C 2. C 3. C 举一反三
1. 单项填空。
( )(1)Let's go and help    .
A. she    B. her    C. hers
( )(2)This is Mr Green. We are     students.
A. he's B. his C. he
( )(3)I don't have     questions.
A. no B. some C. any
( )(4)—    bike is it?
—It's his bike.
A. What B. Which C. WhoseBBCC 2.选择括号内适当的代词填空。
(1)He is     (I / my /me) father.
(2)Pass     (me / I / my) a pen.
(3)Can I use     (you / your / yours) eraser?
(4)Please help     (them / their / they) clean the classroom.
(5)Are     (this / these) your pens?
(6)Be quiet. Please don’t wake     (he / him / his) up.
(7)This pencil is     (me / my / mine).
(8)That yellow shirt is    (she / her / hers).
(9)Can you tell    (me / my / I) the way to the park?
(10)Sarah does    (she / her / hers)homework every day.mymehermeyourthemthesehimminehers考点3 考查代词的综合运用
【例4】 按要求改写句子。
  Those are their watches. (改成单数形式)
   
  解析:此题考查代词在语境中的综合运用。句子由单数形式改成复数形式的时候,要求将句子中所有能够改为复数的成分都改成复数形式,反之亦然。
  答案:That is her/his watch. 举一反三
1.在下面这段话中的横线上填写适当的代词,补全短文。
     is a photo of my family.    father is the man on the right. The woman with glasses is____       mother.     is an English teacher. The girl in red skirt is my sister.     name is Linda. Who‘s the girl between my mother and Linda? It’s    , Lily.
2. 将下面的句子改为否定句和一般疑问句。
There is some water in the glass.
(1)否定句:  
(2)一般疑问句: ThisMymySheHermeThere isn't any water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass?过关检测一、选择括号内的正确代词填空。
1.     (they / he) are my friends.
2.Look at the tall building.     (he / it) is a bank.
3.This gift is for     (you / your).
4.He is     (they / their) Chinese teacher.
5.     (he / his) is a policeman.     (she / his) brother is a farmer.
6.     (me / my) pen is red,but (she / hers) is blue.
7.I want to invite     (them / they) to my birthday party.TheythemMyhersHisHetheiryouIt 8.—Whose pencil is that ?—It’s (mine / my).
9.Can you help     (my / me)?
10.Would you like to go with     (us / our)?
二、按要求写单词。
1. I (宾格) _______
2. they (宾格) _______
3. we (名词性物主代词) _______
4. she (形容词性物主代词) _______
5. him (主格) _______
6. you (主格) _______
7. it (反身代词) _______
8. us (反身代词) ___________
9. that (复数形式) _______
10. those (反义词) _______minemeusmethemoursherheyouitselfourselvesthosethese三、根据句意用适当的代词填空。
1. This is my brother._____ are twins.
2.Miss Green is our teacher,we all like_____ very much.
3. Sarah has four pens, but she doesn’t use_______.
4.This is not her book. _______ is in my schoolbag.
5.—What time does ______ sister have breakfast?
—My sister has breakfast at 7:00.
6.—Where are my shoes?I can’t find _______.
7.—_______ are you doing?
—I’m doing _____ homework.
8.—________ T-shirt is that?—It’s mine.
9.I have a dog. _____ name is Gogo.
10.She is a friend of ______. We got to know each other two years ago.mineItsWhosemyWhatthemyourHersthemherWe四、单项填空。
( )1. She is a student, and name is Julia.
A. his B. her C. hers
( )2. Could you help with English, please?
A. I; my B. me; me C. me; my
( )3. A friend of came here yesterday.
A. my B. his C. him
( )4. pencil box is beautiful. But is more beautiful than .
A. Toms; my; he B. Tom’s; mine; his
C. Tom’s; mine; him
( )5. Most of_____ like Chinese food.
A. they B. their C. Them
BCBBC ( )6. Don’t you let help you?
A. I and my friend B. my friend and I
C. my friend and me
( )7. I don’t want this shirt. Please show me .
A. others B. the others C. another
( )8. I have two sisters. of them are doctors.
A. Both B. All C. Either
( )9. There are tomatoes in the basket.
A. a few B. a little C. little
( )10. — is Betty?
— Tom’s sister.
A. What B. Where C. WhoCCCAA ( )11. ______ have been chosen.
A. I, you and he B. He, you and I C. You, he and I
( )12. That’s not ______. It is ______. I made it ______.
A. yours; mine; myself B. your; mine; mysel
C. yours; her; myself
( )13. I can’t repair the model ship ______. Can you help ______?
A. me; myself B. myself; myself C. myself; me
( )14. We study Chinese, English, maths and some ______ subjects.
A. the other B. other C. another
( )15. Betty and John have come back, but ______ students in the class aren’t here yet.
A. the other B. others C. the othersBCCAA五、按要求改写下列句子。
1. This is their classroom. (改为同义句)
_____________________________________
2. This is my book, and that is his book.(改为复数形式)
_________________________________________________
3. 我们的老师喜欢我们,我们也喜欢他。(汉译英)
_________________________________________________
4. 这是谁的书?(汉译英)
_________________________________________________
5. This red bottle is Mike’s.(就画线部分提问)
_________________________________________________This classroom is theirs.These are our books, and those are their books.Our teacher loves us, and we love him, too.Whose book is this?Whose is this red bottle?/Whose red bottle is this?六、完形填空。
Look at the girl! She is ______ good friend. She is _______ English girl. _______ name is Susan. _____ twelve. My _______ is Julia. _______ a Chinese girl. I am eleven.
Susan has a happy family. ______ father is a driver and her mother is a doctor. I have a happy family, too. There are three people in ______ family. They are my father, my mother and ______. I love my parents and ______ love me, too.
( )1. A. I B. my C. mine
( )2. A. a B. an C. the
( )3. A. She B. She’s C. Her
( )4. A. She B. She’s C. Her
( )5. A. name B. book C. friend12345678910BBBCA ( )6. A. I B. I’m C. She
( )7. A. She’s B. Hers C. Her
( )8. A. my B. mine C. me
( )9. A. we B. me C. I
( )10. A.them B. their C. theyBBCCA