课件14张PPT。第三章 句 型第四节 祈使句 知识梳理一、祈使句的概念
祈使句是用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子。祈使句因对象(主语)是第二人称,通常省略主语。祈使句的时态都为一般现在时,句末可以用感叹号来表达比较强烈的语气,也可以用句点结尾。
如:命令:Go and wash your hands!
请求:Be quiet, please. / Please be quiet.
劝告:Be kind to your friends.
警告:Watch your steps.
禁止:Keep off the grass! 二、祈使句的结构
1. 动词原形+其他成分。如:Sit down, please.
【注】有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,可省略动词。如: Go this way, please. =This way, please.
2. Be+名词短语或形容词+其他成分。
如:Be careful!
Be a good boy!
3. Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。
如: Let me help you.
Let’s clean our classroom.
【注】有时为了加强语气,可在动词之前加do。
如:Do be careful!
Do let Mary water the flowers. 三、祈使句的否定形式
1. 以动词原形和be 动词开头的祈使句,都是在句首加don’t。
如: Don’t forget me!
Don’t be late for school!
2. let开头的祈使句的否定形式有两种:
(1)Don’t+let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。
(2)Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他成分。
如: Don’t let him go. =Let him not go.
3. No开头的祈使句表示禁止。如: No smoking!四、祈使句的反义疑问句形式
1. 一般情况下,简略问句用will you或 won’t you。
如:Have a rest, will you?
Stand up, will(won’t) you?
2. let’s开头的祈使句,表示说话人向对方提出建议时,简略问句用shall we。
如:Let’s have a cup of tea, shall we?
3. let me或 let us表示向听话人提出请求,简略问句用will you。
如:Let me have a rest, will you?
Let us know your name, will you? 考点精析考点 考查祈使句的运用
【例1】给下列标志选择适当的标志语。(填字母编号)
1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________
解析:本题考查根据图片选择适当的祈使句。祈使句最常见的用法就是用在警示牌上。本题三个选项代表三种祈使句形式。
答案:1. C 2. B 3. A【例2】根据所提供的场景写出正确的祈使句。
1. 有几个孩子在马路上踢足球,你会对他们说:
_____________________________________________
2. 有小朋友在无人监管的河里游泳,你会对他们说:
_____________________________________________
解析:本题考查祈使句的日常用法。注意口语表达的时候,禁止类祈使句多用Don’t 形式。
答案: 1. Don’t play football on the road.
2. Don’t swim in the river.
举一反三
1. 判断下列句子是否是祈使句, 是的打“ √ ”,不是的打“×”。
(1) Look out!( )
(2) How nice!( )
(3) Let's go hiking.( )
(4) What a lovely girl!( )
(5) Wash your hands before meals.( )
√√√×× 2. 将下列句子改为祈使句。
(1) You must not look out of the window.
__________________ the window.
(2) You may let the children play the piano.
_______________ play the piano.
(3) You shouldn't drive too fast.
_______________ too fast. Don't driveDon’t look out ofLet the children3. 根据所提供的场景写出正确的祈使句。
(1) 邀请朋友做客,你想请他吃苹果,你会说:
_______________________________________
(2) 你想邀请朋友一起下棋,你会说:
_______________________________________
(3) 你让一个想要进入草坪的小朋友别践踏草坪,你会说: ________________________________ Keep off the grass.Have an apple, please!Let's play chess together.过关检测一、看图,根据图片选出相应的祈使句。(填字母编号)
1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____CAEBD二、将下列句子改为祈使句。
1. You mustn’t play on the road.
____________________________________________
2. You can’t eat in the computer room.
____________________________________________
3. You must stop at a red light.
____________________________________________
4. You mustn’t be late for school.
____________________________________________
5. Everyone mustn’t smoke here.
____________________________________________Don’t play on the road!Don’t eat in the computer room!Stop (Do stop) at a red light!Don’t be late for school!Don’t smoke here. /No smoking here!三、单项填空。
( )1. If you are tired, _____a rest.
A. have B. having C. to have
( )2. He is not honest(诚实). _____ believe him.
A. Not B. Don’t C. Do
( )3. _____ in the street. It’s dangerous.
A. Not play B. Not to play C. Don’t play
( )4. Please_____ me some money, will you?
A. lend B. lending C. be lend
( )5. _____ the boxes. You may use them later.
A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keepABCAA四、根据汉语意思翻译下列句子。
1.请打开门。
____________________________________________
2.不要跑那么快!
____________________________________________
3.下次别迟到!
____________________________________________
4.不要坐在书包上。
____________________________________________
5.请看黑板。
____________________________________________Please open the door.Don’t run so fast!Don’t be late next time!Don’t sit on the schoolbag.Please look at the blackboard.